Speech therapy portal / Rinolalia / Training at school 1 2 species. School School System Special Education

Training at school 1 2 species. School School System Special Education

01.06.2019

According to the Model Regulations, special (correctional) institutions in Russia are divided into 8 species:

1. Special (corrective) educational institution I species is created for training and educating unsolvable children, their comprehensive development in close connection with the formation of verbal speech as means of communication and thinking on a hearing basis, correction and compensation of deviations in their psychophysical development, to obtain general education, labor and social preparation for independent life.

2. The Correctional Institution II of the type is created for training and upbringing the hearing hearing-free children (having a partial hearing loss and various degrees of speech underdevelopment) and late-to-smoke children (felt in preschool or school age, but who have retained independent speech), and their development based on the formation of verbal speech, Preparations for free speech communication on a hearing and auditory basis. Learning of hearing impaired children has a correctional orientation that promotes overcoming deviations in development. At the same time during the whole educational process Special attention is paid to the development of auditory perception and work on the formation oral speech. Pupils provide active speech practice by creating an hearing and speech environment (using sound-drying equipment), which allows to form a hearing basis approximate to natural sound.

3.4. Correctional institutions III and IV species provide training, upbringing, correction of primary and secondary deviations in development in pupils with violations of violations, the development of preserved analyzers, the formation of correctional compensatory skills that contribute to social adaptation of pupils in society. If necessary, a joint (in one correctional institution) can be organized for teaching blind and visually impaired children, children with squint and amblyopy.

5. The Correctional Institution V of the species is created for training and education of children with severe speech pathology, providing them with specialized assistance to conducive to overcoming speech violations and related features mental Development.

6. The Correctional Institution VI of the species is created for training and education of children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system (with motor disorders of various etiology and degree of severity, children's cerebral paralysis, with congenital and acquired deformations of the musculoskeletal system, sluggish paralymps of the upper and lower extremities, bass and parapasses of the lower and upper extremities), to restore, form and develop motor functions, correction of deficiencies mental and speech Development Children, their social and labor adaptation and integration into society based on a specially organized motor regime and objective and practical activity.

7. The Correctional Establishment of the VII type is created for training and education of children with a delay in mental development, in which there are potentially saved possibilities. intellectual Development Weakness of memory, attention, insufficiency of the tempo and mobility of mental processes, increased depletion, non-formation of arbitrary regulation of activities, emotional instability, to ensure the correction of their mental development and the emotional-volitional sphere, intensifying cognitive activity, the formation of skills and skills of training activities.

8. Correctional institution VIII species is created for training and education of children with mental retardation with the aim of correcting deviations in their development by means of education and labor training, as well as social and psychological rehabilitation for subsequent integration into society.

The educational process in the institutions of 1-6 species is carried out in accordance with the general education program.

On the topic: Methodical development, presentations and abstracts

Examination of mathematics (grade 2) for special (correctional) institutions VIII type

Test works on mathematics are developed for the entire academic year for grade 2 according to the "Program of Special (Correctional) Institutions VIII View." Options are differentiated. 1 option - for students ...

Modified Hearing Perception Program and Pronunciation Learning in 8-11 Classes of Special (Correctional) Foundations II (for Lighted Children)

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Methodical development contains material to compile a description and description-comparison of two animals using a presentation made up by me to the lesson ....

School children who have special educational needs are educated in accordance with special educational standards in various educational institutions or home.

During the XX century.

There was a system of special (correctional) educational institutionswhich are predominantly boarding schools and in which in the USSR and Russia studied and learned the overwhelming majority of school-age children with special educational needs.

Currently there are eight major species special schools For children with various developmental impairments. To exclude the diagnosis of diagnosis in the details of these schools (as it was before: a school for mentally retarded, school for deaf, etc.), in regulatory and official documents, these schools are called on their species sequence number:

special (corrective) educational institution I type (boarding school for deaf children);

special (Correctional) educational institution II type (boarding school for hearing impaired and late boilers);

special (Correctional) Educational Institution III

species (boarding school for blind children);

special (Correctional) Educational Institution IV

species (boarding school for visually impaired children); Special (Correctional) Educational Institution V

species (boarding school for children with severe speech disorders);

special (Correctional) Educational Institution VI

species (boarding school for children with impaired musculoskeletal system);

special (Correctional) Educational Institution VII

species (school or boarding school for children with difficulties in learning - retreating mental development);

special (Correctional) Educational Institution VIII

species (school or boarding school for children with mental retardation).

The activities of such institutions are governed by the Government Decree Russian Federation dated March 12, 1997 № 288 "On approval of a model regulation on a special (correctional) educational institution for students, pupils with developmental departures", as well as the letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation "On the specifics of the activities of special (correctional) educational institutions I- Vi species. "

In accordance with these documents, special educational standards are implemented in all special (correctional) educational institutions.

Educational institution independently, based on a social educational standard, develops and PEA L is syllabus and educational programsBased on the influence of psychophysical development and individual in: the capabilities of children. Special (corrective) educational institution can be established by federal bodies? Consistent power (Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation), the executive authority of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (resolution, the Committee, the Ministry) of the Formation of the region, the Republic of the Republic) and the bodies of the local (municipal) self-administration. Special (corrective) educational institution "The following may be non-state. І.

IN last years Special educational to develop and other categories of children with limited health and livelihoods are being created: with autistic traits; Personality, with Down syndrome. There are also sanatoriums (forest schools for chronically ill and weakened children.

Special (correctional) educational institutions are funded by the relevant founder.

Each such educational institution is responsible for the life of the pupil and ensuring its constitutional right to receive free Education within a special educational standard. All children provide 1 conditions for learning, education, treatment, social adaptation and integration into society.

Graduates of special (correctional) educational institutions (except schools VIII species) receive a valuable formation (i.e. corresponding to the formation levels of the general education schools: for example, the main general image, general secondary education). It is issued a document of the State Drain Sample, confirming the level of transmission or evidence of the end of a special (correal) educational institution.

The Special School of Child guide the management authorities to education only with the consent of parents and to conclude (recommendations) of the Psychological and Medical and Pedagogical Commission. So: With the consent of the parents and on the basis of pPPC conclusions a child can be translated within a special school to a class for children with mental retardation only after the first year of study in not

A class (or group) for children with a complex structure of defect can be created in a special school as such children are identified during the psychological and medical and pedagogical observation of the educational process.

In addition, classes for children with pronounced violations in mental development can be opened in a special school of any kind of violation in mental development and accompany them. The decision to open this class takes the Pedagogical Council of the Special School in the presence of the necessary conditions, specially trained personnel. The main tasks of such classes are the provision of elementary primary education, the creation of the most favorable conditions for the development of the identity of the child, receiving them a pre-desired or elementary labor and social training, taking into account its individual capabilities.

A special school student can be translated to study in a normal secondary school of education authorities with the consent of parents (or those who replace them) and on the basis of the conclusion of the PMPC, as well as in the event that secondary school There are necessary conditions for integrated learning.

In addition to education, a special school provides children with limited features Health and livelihoods Medical and psychological support, for which there are relevant specialists in a special school. They work in close cooperation with pedagogical personnel, carrying out diagnostic activities, psychocorrection and psychotherapeutic measures, supporting the protective regime in a special school, participating in professionalization. If necessary, children receive drug and physiotherapeutic treatment, massages that temper the procedures are visited by the treatment of physical education.

The process of social adaptation, social integration helps to carry out a social teacher. His role is especially increasing at the stage of choosing a profession, graduation with graduates of school and transition to the post-school period.

Each special school pays considerable attention to the labor, prefect preparation of his pupils. The content and forms of preparation depend on local characteristics: territorial, ethno national and cultural, from the needs of the local labor market, the possibilities of pupils, their interests. Purely individually chooses a labor profile, which includes preparations for individual work.

Special School I of the view, where the deaf children are studying, the Veda educational process in accordance with the level of general programs of the three levels of general education: 1-

i am a step - the initial general education (for 5-6 liters or 6-7 years - in the case of training in the preparatory class); 2-

i am a step - the main general education (for 5-6 years); 3-

i am a step - a complete secondary general education (2 years, the rule, in the structure of the evening school).

For children who have not received full pre-school preparation, a preparatory class is organized. In the first grade, children from 7 years old are accepted.

All training activities permeated by work formed "and the development of verbal oral and written speech, communication, smart to perceive and understand the speech of others on a lisurate basis. Children learn to use hearing remnants for speech perception on rumor and lisutenively using sound-insulating equipment.

To this end, group and individual classes on the development of auditory perception are regularly carried out and formed by the spoken side of oral speech.

In schools working on a bilinguistic basis, there is equal learning of the language of verbal and language of gesturing speech, but educational process Passed in gestures: "Speech.

As part of a special school I type, the C classes are organized; Deaf children with a complex structure of defect (mental robust, difficulties in training, visually impaired, etc.).

The number of children in the class (group) is not more than 6 people, in CL; Sah for children with a complex defect structure up to 5 people.

Special School of the II type, where weakly loosening (having a partial hearing loss and a different degree of inexpensive speech Vsisigns) and late-to-school children (illuminated in preschool or school age, but who have retained independent speech), are two offices:

the first branch is for children with a light underdevelopment of speech, associated with hearing impairment;

the second branch - for children with a deep underdevelopment of the speech of which is a violation of hearing.

If in the learning process there is a need to pass the child from one branch to another (the child is difficult in the first branch or, on the contrary, the child in the second branch reaches such a level of general and speech development, which allows him to study in the first department), then with the consent of the parents and The recommendations of the PMPK occurs such a transition.

In the first class, children who have reached the seven years are accepted into any of the departments, if they visited kindergarten. For children who for any reason have no appropriate pre-school training, a preparatory class is organized in the second department.

Class (Groups) in the first separation of up to 10 people, in the second separation of up to 8 people.

In a special school II type, the educational process is carried out in accordance with the levels general education programs Three steps of general education: 1-

i am a step - an initial general education (in the first branch of 4-5 years, in the second separation of 5-6 or 6-7 years); 2-

i am a step - the main general education (6 years in the first and second branches); 3-

i am a step - secondary (full) general education (2 years in the first and second branches).

The development of auditory and lisuate perception, the formation and correction of the spokesitative side of the speech is carried out by specially organized individual and group classes Using sound-drying equipment for collective use and individual hearing aids.

Development of hearing perception and automation of pronunciation skills continue in the classes of phonetic rhythm and different types Activities related to music.

Special schools III and IV species are intended for the formation of blind (III species), visually impaired and late grades (IV appearance) of children. As a result of a minor number of such schools, if necessary, a joint (in one institution), teaching blind and visually impaired children, as well as children with squint and amblezopia, can be organized.

Special School III of the species takes blind children, as well as children with residual vision (0.04 and lower) and higher visual acute (0.08) in the presence of complex combinations of violations of visual functions, with progressive eye diseases leading to blindness.

The first class of Special School III of the species takes children 6-7 years old, and sometimes 8-9 years. Class (group) clarity can be up to 8 people. The total period of study at school III of the form of 12 years, for which students receive a secondary (full) general education.

Special School IV of the species takes the visually impaired children with sharpness of view from 0.05 to 0.4 for a better-visible eye with a portable correction. It takes into account the condition of other visual functions (field of view, visual acuity near), form

and the course of the pathological process. This school may be life. "; Children adopted and with a higher urgency of vision in progressive or often recurrent diseases of view, the presence of asthenic phenomena arising from reading and writing at the close distance.

Children with squint and ambignity are accepted into the same school, having a higher visual sharpness (more than 0.4).

Children 6-7 liters are accepted in the first class of school IV of the form (group). For 12 years of school education, children receive a secondary (full) general education.

The Special School of the species is intended for the formation of Dai with severe violations of speech and may have one or two compartments in its conicts.

In the first department, children who have a common inhores are studying; The speech of a serious degree speech (Alalia, Dysarthria, Rinolalia, AF Zia), as well as children who have a general underdevelopment of speech, accompanied by grappling.

In the second branch, children with severe Zaican shape with a normal speech are studying.

Inside the first and second branches, taking into account the level of the river development of children can be created classes (groups), including pupils with homogeneous violations of speech.

If a speech violation Eliminated, the child may be based on the conclusion of the PMPC and with the consent of the parents to go to the usual SCO _

Children of 7-9 years old are accepted in the first grade, in preparation - 6-7 years. For 10-11 years of study at school V type baby M "| can get basic general education.

Special speech therapy and pedagogical assistance turns out to be a child in the process of learning and education, at all lesson and in extracurricular time. The school provides a special number of p.

Special School VI species is intended for children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system (engine * violations having different reasons and different degree You are impaired, children's cerebral paralysis, congenital and PR gained deformations of the musculoskeletal system, the slopes paralysis of the upper and lower extremities, paresis and paraparexes "lower and upper limbs).

School VI of the form carries out the educational process in the coat; Registration with the levels of general educational programs of three strokes of general education: 1-

i am a step - an initial general education (4-5 years); 2-

i am the stage - the main general education (6 years); 3-

i am a step - secondary (full) general education (2 years).

The first class (group) takes children from 7 years, however, it is allowed to receive children and older than this age for 1-2 years.

For children who did not attend kindergarten, the preparatory class is open.

The number of children in the class (group) is not more than 10 people.

A special motor mode is installed at the VI School of Vios.

Education is carried out in unity with comprehensive correction work covering the engine's motor sphere, his speech and cognitive activity generally.

Special School VII species is intended for children experiencing persistent difficulties in learning that have a delay in mental development (SPR).

The educational process in this school is carried out in accordance with the levels of general education programs of two levels of general education: 1-

i am a step - an initial general education (3-5 years) 2-

i am a step - the main general education (5 years).

Children are accepted in school VII of the form only to the preparatory, first and second classes, in the third class - as an exception. Those who began to study in an ordinary school from 7 years old are accepted into the second class of the VII school school, and those who began to study in a regular educational institution from 6 years can be taken to the first class of the VII school school.

Children who did not have any pre-school training can be taken at the age of 7 in the first class of the VII school, and at the age of 6 years - to the preparatory class.

The number of children in the class (group) is not more than 12 people.

For students in B. school VII. The species retains the possibility of transition to a regular school as deviations are corrected in the development, eliminating gaps in knowledge after receiving primary general education.

If you need to clarify the diagnosis, the child can learn at school VII of the form during the year.

Special pedagogical assistance Children are obtained on individual and group correction classes, as well as on speech therapy classes.

Special School VIII type provides special education for children with intellectual underdevelopment. Training in the TGA school is not a valuable, having qualitatively different content. The focus is on social adaptation and vocational training in the development of students who afford the volume of education on general education subjects.

Education at school VIII of the species is completed by the learning exam. Schoolchildren can be released from the exam (certification) for health. The procedure is exempted is determined by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. "

To school VIII type, a child can be adopted in the first and preparatory class at the age of 7-8 years. Preparatory class allows not only better to prepare a child for school ;; And it makes it possible to clarify the diagnosis in the course of the educational process and the psychological and pedagogical study of the child's opportunity. "

The number of students in the preparatory class does not exceed 6-8 people, but in other classes - not more than 12.

The training time at school VIII of the species can be 8 years old, 9 years old, 9 l "with a class training class, 10 years with a class PR | Fessional training. These training deadlines may be HCs for 1 year due to the opening of the preparatory class.;

If the school has the necessary material base, the classes (groups) with in-depth works can be opened

Preparation. L.

In such classes, students who graduated from the eighth (dehy) class are passing. Threw by a class with an in-depth labor preparation and successfully handed over the qualifying exam obtained a document on the assignment of the corresponding qualifying discharge.

In schools VIII, it can be created and functioning classes for children with deep mental retardation. The number of Dai in this class should not exceed 5-6 people.

Children can be sent to the preparatory (diagnostic) class. During school year The preliminary diagnosis is specified, and depending on this, the next year, a child can either be sent to a class for children with severe intellectual impairment, or in the usual school class VIII type.

Creation of classes for children with severe imnet form. lectural underdevelopment is carried out in three levels: 1-

th level - aged 6 to 9 years; 2-

th level - from 9 to 12 years; 3-

th level - from 13 to 18 years old.

Children at the age of 12 l stay can be sent to such classes in the school system to 18 years. The deductions from school occurs in accordance with the recommendations of the PMPC and in coordination with the parents.

In such classes, children are not accepted with psychopath-like behavior, epilepsy and other mental illness requiring active treatment. These children can attend the privacy groups along with their parents.

The mode of operation of the class (group) is established by agreement with parents. The learning process is carried out in the mode of each pupil of individual educational routedefined by experts in accordance with the psychophysical possibilities of a particular child.

For orphans and children left without parental care and having special educational needs, special children's homes and boarding schools are created in accordance with the profile of violations in development. Mostly it is children's homes and boarding schools for children and adolescents with intellectual underdevelopment and learning difficulties.

In case the child is not at the state of visiting a special (corrective) educational institution, its training is organized at home. The organization of such training is determined by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On approval of the procedure for the education and training of children-invasses at home and in non-state educational institutions" of July 18, 1996 No. 861.

Recently, schools began to be created, whose staff, consisting of qualified specialist defectologists, psychologists, works with children both at home and in terms of partial stay of such children at home school. In terms of group work, interaction and communicate with other children, the child is developing social skills, tends to study in the group conditions, the team.

Children, diseases or development deviations in the development of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation are obtained for training at home, which comply with the Russian Federation established by the Ministry of Health. The basis for the organization of home-learning is medical conclusion Preventive institution.

To assist in teaching children at home, a school or preschool educational institution is connected, located nearby. For the period of training, the child is given the possibility of free use of textbooks, the School Library Foundation. Teachers and psychologists of the school provide advisory and methodological assistance to parents in mastering educational programs by the child. The school provides interim and final child certification and issues a document on the relevant level of education. Pedagogues of the defectologists are involved in the certification, attracted additionally to conduct correctional work.

If a child with special educational needs is studying at home, education authorities are compensated to parents training costs in accordance with the state and local regulations for financing educational Reseasses in the appropriate type and form of an educational institution

For training, upbringing and social adaptation of children and ND sprouts with difficult, with severe developmental violations, with confusing diseases, and rehabilitation centers of various filings are created to provide a complex assistance. These may be centers: psychological and medical and pedagogical rehabilitation and correction; socio-labor adaptation and ORS of orientation; psychological-pedagogical and social assistance; © Orable helping of the family and children left without care of the mouth of the television and others. The task of such centers is the provision of correction of new-pedagogical, psychological and career-guided pompers, as well as the formation of self-service skills and communion "social interaction, labor skills in children with children" and multiple violations. In a number of centers Veda special educational activities. Classes in rehabilitation centers are based on individual group education and learning programs. Often, the centers provide advisory and diagnostic and methodological assistance to RO organizations of children with special educational needs, including information and legal support. Rehabilitation centers also have a social and psychological power of former students of educational institutions of orphans and children left without parental care.

Rehabilitation centers help the educational institutions of mass purposes, if children with special educational needs are also studying and granting: there are correctional and pedagogical work and consulting.

To provide a speech therapy assistance to children of preschool?, School age, which have deviations in the development of speech. Log in educational institutions of general purpose, the speech therapy service is working. This may be the introduction of the staff of the Educational Institution of the Position Teacher-Logope Creation in the structure of the Logope's Education Authority "of the Logop" or the creation of a speech therapy center. Major widely widespread form has become a speech therapy PU ~ with general Education. The main objectives of the activity are: correction of violations of interpretation and letters "Noi speech; timely prevention of failure, about: verified by speech violations; the dissemination of basic knowledge of teachers and parents.

Classes on speech therapy paragraph Conducted both in the free time from lessons time and during the lessons (as agreed with the school administration).

Children with a diagnosis of mental development delay and studying in the class of correctional and educational training are obtained by the speech therapy assistance to the speech therapy teacher attached to this class.

Responsibility for the mandatory visit to the speech therapy Іanyati in the speech therapy point is carried by a teacher-speech therapist, a class teacher and the school administration.

In modern conditions of intensive development of a special psychological and pedagogical care system, the search for models of special educational institutions that best meet the modern sociocultural and economic conditions of the country's life and the special educational needs of students, and models that could effectively operate in the country indentible from the center of regions, Conditions for the lack of personnel of special teachers and psychologists, satisfying all existing educational and rehabilitation needs of children and adolescents with developmental deviations.

New models of special educational institutions are developed, built on the basis of the above typical. So, such a model of a special educational institution is in demand, which, along with the function of education (preschool and school), performs the functions of the psychological and pedagogical advisory center, as well as the Center for Social Services for Low-Gone Populations, Center educational services In obtaining the initial vocational education. Such models of special educational institutions are functioning today and in the European territory of Russia (for example, in Moscow, Novgorod, Yaroslavl, St. Petersburg), and in the south (in Makhachkala), and in Siberia, and in the Urals (in Magadan, Krasnoyarsk, Yekaterinburg ). The needs of children and adolescents in recreation work are responsible for the conditions of a special (correctional) health school boarding school, where the pupils are offered a comprehensive program, including a differentiated personal-oriented educational process, carried out in close relationship with individualized medical and rehabilitation support and socio-pedagogical help, as well as A favorable psychological climate and a commercial socio-cultural environment of education as a whole (Moscow, boarding school No. 65) is provided.

There is a model of a modern educational institution for children and adolescents with severe and multiple violations in development. The ten-year experience of such an observation institution (Pskov Medical and Pedagogical Tse. Showed the possibility and need to include children and adolescents with severe and multiple developmental disorders.

There are other options for special educational institutions created today with special Dagogic enthusiasts according to the possibilities of local socio-cultural fishing, national and regional features.

Questions and tasks 1.

Describe the modern school system of special o * calling in Russia. 2.

In which directions are the development of new types and species of special (correctional) educational institutions? S 3.

Visit some of the well-being available educational institutions for different categories of children with special occupational needs. Describe your observations.

Literature for independent work 1.

Innovation in Russian education. Special (corrective) about the title. -M., 1999. 2.

Teaching children with development problems in different countries Mira: Chretia / Sost. L. M. Shipicin. - St. Petersburg., 1997.

3.0 specificity of special activities (correctional) educational events I -VIII species: a guidance letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 48,1997; four.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 12, 1997 No. 288 "Model position about a special (correctional) educational institution for feasible, pupils with deviations in development." five.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 31, 1998 No. 867 "Typical state of an educational institution for children in need of psychology of pedagogical and medical and social assistance." 6.

Typical position on the speech therapy paragraph with a general education institution // Psychological and Medical and Pedagogical Consultation. Methodical recommendations / scientific ed. L. M. Shipicin. - SPb., 1999.

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

"Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University"

(GOU VPO "ChGPU")

Test

On the topic: School system special Education.

Performed:

Student 252 groups

Specialty "Speech Study"

Sizintseva E.G.

Checked: Borodin V.A.

Chelyabinsk, 2011.

Introduction

School children who have special educational needs are educational in accordance with special educational standards in various educational institutions or at home.

During the XX century. The system of special "correctional" educational institutions, which are predominantly boarding schools and in which in the USSR and in Russia and the vast majority of school-age children with special educational needs are studied.

responsibility Forced behavior punitive

1. School system of special education

Currently, there are eight major types of special schools for children with various developmental impairment. To eliminate the diagnosis of diagnosis in the details of these schools (as it was before: a school for mentally retarded, a school for deaf, etc.), in regulatory and official documents, these schools are called on their species sequence number:

Special (corrective) educational institution I type (boarding school for deaf children);

Special (corrective) educational institution of type II (boarding school for hearing impaired and late boilers);

Special (corrective) educational institution III type (boarding school for blind children);

Special (corrective) educational institution IV (boarding school for visually impaired children);

Special (Correctional) Educational Institution V (boarding school for children with severe violations of speech);

Special (corrective) educational institution VI (boarding school for children with impaired musculoskeletal system);

Special (corrective) educational institution VII type (school and boarding school for children with difficulties in learning-delayed mental development);

Special (corrective) educational institution VIII type (school or boarding school for children with mental retardation).

The activities of such institutions is governed by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 12, 1997. No. 288 "On approval of a model regulation on a special (correctional) educational institution for students, students with development deviations", as well as the letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation "On the specifics of special activities ( Correctional) educational institutions I-VIII species. "

In accordance with these documents in all special (corrective) educational institutions, special educational standards are implemented.

The educational institution independently, on the basis of a special educational standard, develops and implements a curriculum and educational programs, based on the features of psychophysical development and the individual capabilities of children.

In recent years, special educational institutions have been created and for other categories of children with disabilities for health and life activities: with autistic features, with Down syndrome. There are also sanatorium (forest) schools for chronically ill and weakened children.

Special (correctional) educational institutions are funded by the relevant institution.

Each such educational institution is responsible for the life of the pupil and ensuring its constitutional right to receive free education within a special educational standard. All children provide conditions for training, upbringing, treatment, social adaptation and integration into society.

Graduates of special (corrective) educational institutions (with the exception of the VIII school) receive a valuable education (that is, the corresponding formation levels of the mass education school: for example, the main general education, the overall secondary education). They are issued a state-owned document confirming the level of education or a certificate of completion of a special (correctional) educational institution.

The child's special school is sent to education authorities only with the consent of parents and on the conclusion (recommendations) of the Psychological and Medical and Pedagogical Commission. Also with the consent of the parents and on the basis of the conclusion PMPK baby It can be translated within a special school to a class for children with mental retardation only after the first year of study in it.

In a special school, a class (or group) may be created for children with a complex structure of the defect as such children identify in the course of psychological and medical and pedagogical observation in the conditions of the educational process.

In addition, classes for children with pronounced violations in mental development can be opened in a special school of any kind of violation in mental development and accompany them. The decision to open this class takes the Pedagogical Council of the Special School in the presence of the necessary conditions, specially trained personnel. The main objectives of such classes - providing elementary primary education, the creation of the most favorable conditions for the development of the child's personality, receiving them to the apparel or elementary labor and social and household preparation, taking into account its individual capabilities.

A special school student can be translated to study in a regular general education school to education authorities with the consent of parents (or those replacing them) and on the basis of the conclusion of the PMPC, as well as in the event that there are necessary conditions for integrated learning in the secondary school.

In addition to education, a special school provides children with disabilities for health and livelihoods. Medical and psychological support, for which there are relevant specialists in a special school. They work in close cooperation with pedagogical personnel, carrying out diagnostic activities, psychocorrection and psychotherapeutic measures, supporting the security regime in a special school, participating in professionalization. If necessary, children receive drug and physiotherapeutic treatment, massages that temper the procedures are visited by the treatment of physical education.

The process of social and docking, social integration helps to carry out a social teacher. His role is especially increasing at the stage of choosing a profession, graduation with graduates of school and transition in after school period.

Each special school pays considerable attention to the labor, prefect preparation of his pupils. The content and forms of preparation depends on local features: territorial, ethnonational and cultural, from the needs of the local labor market, the possibilities of pupils, their interests. Purely individually chooses a labor profile, which includes preparations for individual work.

Special School I of the View, where the deaf children are studying, conducts an educational process in accordance with the level of general educational programs of the three levels of general education:

1st stage - primary general education (within 5-6 years or 6-7 years in the case of training in the preparatory class);

1st stage - basic general education (for 5-6 years);

The 3rd stage is a complete secondary general education (2 years, as a rule, in the structure of the evening school).

For children who have not received full pre-school training, a preparatory class is organized. Children from 7 years are accepted in the first grade.

All training activities are permeated by the work on the formation and development of verbal oral and written speech, communication, the ability to perceive and understand the speech of others on a lubricative basis. Children learn to use speech residues to perceive speech on rumor and lisutenively using sound-drying equipment.

For this purpose, group and individual sessions On the development of hearing perception and formation of the spokesitative side of oral speech.

In school, working on a bilingualistic basis, an equal learning of the language of verbal and language of gesturing speech is carried out, but the educational process is conducted in the language of gesturing speech.

As part of a special school I form, classes are organized for deaf with a complex structure of defect (mental retardation, difficulties in learning, Slobovidaya, etc.).

The number of children in the class (group) is not more than 6 people, in classes for children with a complex structure of defect up to 5 people.

Social School II of the type, where weighted hearing loss (having partial hearing loss and various degrees of speech underdevelopment) and late booster children (illuminated in preschool or school age, but who preserved independent speech), has two offices:

The first branch is for children with a lung underdevelopment of speech bound to a hearing impairment;

The second branch is for children with deep underdevelopment of speech, the cause of which is a hearing impairment.

If in the learning process there is a need to transfer the child from one branch to another (the child is difficult in the first unit or, on the contrary, the child in the second department reaches such a level of general and speech development, which allows him to study in the first department), then with the consent of the parents and The recommendations of the PMPK occurs such a transition.

In the first class, children who have reached the seven years are accepted into any of the departments, if they visited the kindergarten. For children who for any reason have no appropriate pre-school preparation, a preparatory class is organized into the second office.

Class (Groups) in the first separation of up to 10 people, in the second separation of up to 8 people.

In a special school II type, the educational process is carried out in accordance with the levels of general educational programs of three general education stages:

1st stage - initial general education (in the first branch of 4-5 years, in the second office 5-6 or 6-7 years);

1st stage - the main general education (6 years in the first and in the second branches);

The 3rd stage is the secondary (full) general education (2 years in the first and second branches).

The development of auditory and surrounding perception, the formation and correction of the spoken side of the speech is carried out on specially organized individual and group classes using sound-seeking equipment for collective use and individual auditory apparatus.

The development of auditory perception and automation of pronunciation skills continues in the classification of phonetic rhythm and in various MVIDs related to music.

Special Schools III and IV are specified-based for the formation of the blind (III type), Slobovydent and bosy-blind (IV species) of children. As a consequence of a minor number of such schools, if necessary, a joint (in one institution) teaching blind and visually impaired children, as well as children with squint and ambialy children, can be organized.

Special School of III of the species takes blind children, as well as children with residual vision (0.04 and lower) and higher visual sharpness (0.08) in the presence of complex combinations of violations of visual functions. With progressive eye diseases leading to blindness.

Special School IV of the species takes the visually impaired children with sharpness of view from 0.05 to 0.4 for a better-visible eye with a portable correction. At the same time, the state of other visual functions (field of view, visual acuity near), form and course of the pathological process are taken into account. Children and with a higher urgency of view can be taken to this school with progressive or often recurrent diseases, in the presence of asthenic phenomena arising from reading and writing a close distance.

Children with strabismus and amblyopia are accepted into the same school, having a higher visual sharpness (over 0.4).

Children 6-7 years old are accepted in the first class of school IV. In the class (group) there may be up to 12 people. For 12 years of school education, children receive a secondary (full) general education.

Special School V species is intended for the formation of children with severe speech disorders and can have one or two compartments in its composition.

In the first department, children who have a general underdevelopment of severe speech (alalia, dysarthria, rinulalia, aphasia), as well as children who have a general underdevelopment of speech, accompanied by stuttering are trained.

In the second branch, children with a severe shape of stuttering with a normally developed speech.

Inside the first and second branch, taking into account the level of speech development of children can be created classes (groups), including pupils with homogeneous violations of speech.

If the speech violation is eliminated, the child may on the basis of the conclusion of the PMPC and with the consent of the parents to go to the usual school.

Children of 7-9 years old are accepted in the first grade, in preparatory - 6-7 years. For 10 - 11 years of study at school V form a child can get basic general education.

Social speech therapy and pedagogical assistance is a child in the process of learning and education, in all lessons and in extracurricular time. The school provides special speech regime.

Special School VI species is intended for the formation of children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system (motor disorders having different reasons and different severity, children's cerebral paralysis, congenital and acquired deformations of the musculoskeletal system, the sluggish paralysis of the upper and lower extremities, paresses and lower parapes and upper limbs).

School VI of the species carries out an educational process in compliance with the levels of general education programs for three general education steps:

1st stage - primary general education (4-5 years);

2nd degree - basic general education (6 years);

3rd degree - secondary (full) general education (2 years).

The first class (groups) take children from 7 years, but the reception of children and older than this age for 1-2 years is allowed. For children who did not attend kindergarten, the preparatory class is open.

The number of children in the class (group) is not more than 10 people.

A special motor mode is installed at the VI School of Vios.

Education is carried out in unity with the complex correctional workHaving covered the motorcycle sphere of the child, his speech and cognitive activity as a whole.

Special School VII species is intended for children experiencing persistent difficulties in learning, having a delay in mental development (SRR)

The educational process in this school is carried out in accordance with the levels of general education programs two stages of general education:

1st stage - primary general education (3-5 years)

2nd step - basic general education (5 years).

Children who did not have any pre-school training can be taken at the age of 7 in the first class of the VII school, and at the age of 6 years - to the preparatory class.

The number of children in the class (group) is not more than 12 people.

For students in the class VII of the form, the possibility of transition to a regular school as deviations are corrected in the development, eliminating knowledge gaps after receiving primary general education.

If necessary, clarifying the diagnosis of a child can be trained at school VII of the form during the year.

Special pedagogical assistance Children are obtained on individual and group correction classes, as well as on speech therapy classes.

Special School VIII type provides special education for children with intellectual underdevelopment. Training in this school is not a valuable, having a qualitatively other content. The source is paid to the social adaptation of vocational training in the development of students who affect the volume of education in general educational subjects.

Education at school VIII of the species is completed by the learning exam. Schoolchildren can be released from the exam (certification) for health. The procedure for liberation is determined by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

To school VIII type of child can be adopted in the first or preparatory class at the age of 7-8 years. The preparatory class allows not only better to prepare the child to school, but also makes it possible to clarify the diagnosis during the educational process and psychological and pedagogical study of the child's capabilities.

The number of students in the preparatory class does not exceed 6-8 people, and in other classes - not more than 12.

Learning time at school VIII species can be 8 years old, 9 years old, 9 years old with a class training class, 10 years with a class training class. These learning time can be increased by 1 year due to the opening of the preparatory class.

If the school has the necessary material base, then classes (groups) with in-depth can be opened in it. labor preparation.

In such classes, students who graduated from the eighth (ninth) class are transferred. The graduated class with in-depth labor training and successfully surrendered the qualifying exam receive a document on the assignment of the appropriate qualification discharge.

In schools VIII, classes can be created and function for children with deep mental retardation. The number of children in such a class should not exceed 5-6 people.

Children can be sent to the preparatory (diagnostic) class. During the school year, the preliminary diagnosis is specified, and depending on this, the child can be either sent to the class for children with severe intellectual disorders, or to the usual school class VIII type.

Creation of classes for children with a severe form of intelligent underdevelopment is carried out on three levels:

1st level - aged 6 to 9 years;

2nd level - from 9 to 12 years;

3rd level - from 13 to 18 years.

Children under 12 years of age can be sent to such classes, staying in the school system to 18 years. The deduction from school occurs in accordance with recommendations PMPK And in coordination with parents.

In such classes, children with psychopath-like behavior, epilepsy and other mental illness requiring active treatment are not accepted. These children can attend advisory groups along with their parents.

The mode of operation of the class (group) is established by agreement with parents. The learning process is carried out in the passage of each pupil of an individual educational route determined by experts in accordance with the psychophysical possibilities of a child.

For orphans and children left without parental care and having special educational needs, special children's homes and boarding schools are created in accordance with the profile of violations in development. The advantage is children's homes and boarding schools for children and adolescents with intellectual underdevelopment and learning difficulties.

In case the child is not able to attend a special (corrective) educational institution, its training is organized at home. The organization of such training is determined by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On approval of the procedure for the education and training of disabled children at home and in state educational institutions" of July 18, 1996 No. 861.

Recently, schools began to be created, whose staff, consisting of qualified defectologists, psychologists, work with children both at home and in terms of partial stay of such children at home learning. In terms of group work, interaction and communicate with other children, the child is developing social skills, involves learning in the Group's conditions, the team. The Relo for training at home, children, diseases or deviations in the development of the Special List specified in the Russian Ministry established by the Ministry . The basis for the organization of home-learning is the medical conclusion of a medical and prophylactic institution. To assist in teaching children at home, a school or pre-school educational institution is connected to the house. For the period of study, the child is given the possibility of free use of textbooks, the school library foundation. Pedagogues and school psychologists provide advisory and methodological assistance to parents in mastering the child of general education programs. The school provides intermediate and final certification of the child and issues a document on the relevant level of education. Pedagogues of the defectologists are also involved in the certification, attracted additionally to conduct correctional work. If the child with special educational needs is studying at home, education authorities compensate for parents to study the costs of training in accordance with state and local regulations for financing the child's training in the appropriate type and formation of educational institutions.

For training, upbringing and social adaptation of children and adolescents with difficult, with severe developmental disorders, with related diseases, and rehabilitation centers of various profiles are being created to provide comprehensive assistance. This can be centers: psychological and pedagogical rehabilitation and correction; socio-labor adaptation and career guidance; psychological and pedagogical and social assistance; Social assistance to families and children left without parental care, etc. The task of such centers is the provision of correctional-pedagogical, psychological and vocational guidance assistance, as well as the formation of self-service skills and communication, social interaction, labor skills in children with severe and multiple violations. Special educational activities are underway in a number of centers. Classes B. rehabilitation centers Individual or group education and training programs are built often, centers are often advisory-diagnostic and methodological assistance to parents of children with special educational needs, including informational and legal support.

To provide speech therapy for children of preschool and school age, which has deviations in the development of speech and studying in general-purpose educational institutions, a speech therapy service is working.

school sanatorium Children's autism correctional

Conclusion

There is a model of a modern educational institution for children and adolescents with severe and multiple disorders in development. The ten-year experience of such an educational institution (Pskov Medical and Pedagogical Center) showed the possibility and need to include in educational space Children and adolescents with severe and multiple developmental impairments.

There are other options for special educational institutions created today by the enthusiasts of special pedagogy in accordance with the possibilities of local sociocultural conditions, national and regional features.

Literature

1. The main textbook on special pedagogy N.M. Nazarova.

2. Basics of special pedagogy and psychology N.M.Trefimov.

3. Special pedagogy B.P.Puzanova.

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