Where the gold of the Bukhara Emirates disappeared. What tied the last Emir Bukhara with Russia? Bukhara and Russia

History

The history of the Bukhara Emirate is described by a number of local historians: Mohammed Wafa Kerminagi, Miron, Mohammed Yakub Ibn Daniyalbiy, Abdulazima Sami, Ahmad Donish, Nasir Ad-Dean Ibn Amir Muzaffar, and others.

State device

The head of state was Emir (PERS. امیر), who possessed unlimited power over his subjects. Government business managed kushbay (Turk. قوشبیگی ), kind of prime minister. The entire ruling class of the Bukhara Emirates shared on government officials of the secular rank - amaldaroV (Pers. عملدار) and spiritual - ulama (PERS. علما). The latter counted scientists - theologists, lawyers, teachers of the madrasa, etc. Public faces received ranks from Emir or Khan (Mong. خان ), and the spirituals were erected at a particular title or san. The secular ranks were fifteen, and the spiritual - four.

In administratively, the Bukhara Emirate at the beginning of the XX century. It was divided into 23 Beschy (Pers. بیکیگرى) and 9 fogs (Mong. تومان ). Until the last quarter of the XIX century. Karategin and Darwaz were independent sharemi., managed by local rulers - Shahmi (Pers. شاه). In Karategin, in the period under review there were five amliacarists (PERS. املاک داری), in Darwaz - seven. Annexing Kararate and Darwaz, Bukhara Emirate transformed them into beczing (PERS. بیکیگرى), which were managed by the appointed Bukhari officials - Beks (Turk. بیک). Becas, in turn obeyed sivalbegie (Turk. دیوان بیگی), Yasaulbashi (Turk. یساولباشی ), Kurbashi (Turk. قورباشی), Kazi (Arab. قاضی) and rais (Arab. رئیس).

Most of the population amounted to a final estate - fukara (Arab. فقرا). The ruling class was represented by a land-feudal one who has grown around the local ruler. This class is called local rulers. sararkard (PERS. سرکرده) or navkar (Mong. نوکر), and during the period of Bukhara dominion - sipah (PERS. سپاهی) or amaldar (PERS. عملدار). In addition to the two classes (rich and poor), there was a numerous social layer, freed from taxes and duties: Mullah, musharris, Imam, Mirza, etc.

Each bakery was divided into several small administrative units - amles (Arab. املاک) and mirhazar (PERS. میرهزار), at the head of which stood accordingly amliacdar(PERS. املاک دار) and mirhazars (PERS. میرهزار). The lower rank of rural administration was arbab (Arab. ارباب - older), usually one for each village.

Bukhara and Russia

With waters in Bukhara, the mangyt dynasty, Russia's relations with this country were quite frequent (especially when Nasrullah -Hane).

Interest in vassal dependence on Russia in 1868

After the defeat of Kokanda, Bukhara Khanate claimed hegemony in the area and sought to subordinate other Central Asian possessions. But in militarily, the Bukhara Khanate was extremely weak and more retarded compared to Russia. This manifested itself in the first collisions with Russian detachments. Bad armed and not trained Sarbaz Rustamba retreated before the detachment of the Lieutenant Colonel of the Pistolkorsa, which in September 1865 took the small settlements of Psket and Keleuchi, on the way to Hodgent. Kryzhansky proposed to preserve military control over this territory, as it supplied Tashkent grain.

Although armed struggle has already unfolded between Russia and Bukhar, both parties made attempts to achieve their goals with diplomatic way. Emir Muzaffar sent the embassy to St. Petersburg, led by non-commissioning-hiding, who was already there in 1859. However, the royal government instructed the negotiations to the Orenburg Governor General. The embassy was detained in Kazalinsk despite the protests of the Bukhara Messenger. The same thing happened with the Russian embassy. Chernyaev sent in October 1865 in Bukhara Embassy as part of Astronomom K. V. Struve, associated with the trade and industrial circles A. I. Glovhovsky and mining engineer A. S. Tatarinova was also actually arrested by local authorities.

Both embassies vigorously tried to perform tasks assigned to them. So, the Bukhara Messenger, contrary to the order of the Kryzhanovsky, arrived from KazALINSK to Orenburg, and the Special Plenipotentiary Mullah Fahretdin, equipped with them, was reached with a letter of Nedozegin-Khoja even before St. Petersburg. This, however, did not give results: a letter of the envoy, in which he complained about the violation of diplomatic customs by the Orenburg authorities, was not accepted, and Mulle Fahretdin was invited to present him to Kryzhanovsky.

There were no attempts to establish normal diplomatic contact with the ruling circles of the Bukhara Khanate.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs on behalf of the king authorized the Orenburg Governor-General to enter into negotiations with the Messenger Bukhara, presenting the main and basic requirement - to "put trade and political relations" of Russia in Central Asia "at the most favorable situation". The director of the Asian Department of Strawichov indicated that the further use of repression against Bukhar merchants was unreasonable, as Russian caravans returned safely from Khanate. The main thing now is the establishment of direct and close contact between Russian and Tashkent merchants and the use of Tashkent as a trade base of Russia in Central Asia.

Kryzhanovsky himself developed an extensive list of the conditions he was going to present at the negotiations. He demanded the institution in Bukhara of the Russian Trade Agency, the equations of Russian merchants with Bukhara in the rights, the introduction of a reduced tariff of import and export duties, recognition of the "independent" existence of the "Tashkent state" (under the Russian protectorate with the borders on the rivers Cheese Darya and Naryn) and free Swimming Russian courts for these rivers and their tributaries. In the case of persistent claims, Emir to domination over the Kokand Khanate, Kryzhanovsky considered it possible to satisfy them.

These conditions were planned to include in the treaty that Emir had to sign. Only after that the royal authorities agreed to admit the Bukhara Embassy to St. Petersburg to conclude a "friendly treatise" between the Russian Empire and Bukhara Khanate.

The Kryzhansky program was mainly supported by the military minister. In an approved note by the king, Milyutin stressed the need to adhere to the principle of equality in the Russian-Bukhar relations and provide the same privileges in trade that the royal government sought. For example, Khanty was allowed to keep agents in Orenburg, Tashkent or other places, "where the trading interests of Bukhara will require." By providing these benefits, the royal government expects to strengthen its influence in Bukhara.

At the same time, Milyutin categorically rejected the attractions of the Bukhara Emir on Kokand and interference in his case.

Therefore, the Kryzhanovsky program, in which the Orenburg Governor General was ready for the sake of trade benefits to go for certain political concessions to the Bukhara Khanty, it was in the political part that the central government bodies were not satisfied. The ruling circles of the Russian Empire sought to discover the wide access of Russian merchants to Bukhara, but not at the expense of political concessions to Khanate.

Conducting the program of the Ryzhanovsky in an approved by Petersburg form was hampered by the relationship between the Orenburg Governor General and the Military Governor of the Turkestan Region. Chernyaev, referring to the weak awareness of Kryzhanovsky in the local situation, dragged the fulfillment of his instructions and sought through the Poltoratsky direct submission of the Turkestan region St. Petersburg, bypassing the Orenburg Governor General. After repeated conflicts, Kryzhanovsky made sanctions for the replacement of Chernyeva and at the end of December 1865 called him to Orenburg. This disposal was not transferred to Chernyaev his headquarters by Colonel RisencamPf. In a letter, Milyutin and Kryzhensky RisencamPf explained his act with the complexity of the situation that arose in the Russian-Bukhar respect, with which only the head of the energetic, with full rights provided by law could cope, and even personally interested in the error correction, "Chernyaev himself.

The actual capture of the Mission of Struve - Glukhovsky in Bukhara Khanate gave a Kryzhanovsky reason for special, complaints on the peculiarity of Chernyeva. Under the pretext of the "rejuvenation of Emir", a military demonstration took the liberation of the ambassadors of Chernyaev: In early January 1866, he moved a rifle battalion to the chinase, and then throwing additional forces there, forced Cheese Daria and headed across the Hungry steppe to the fortress Jizzak.

Defense of the Samarkand Fortress, 1868

Bukhara Emirate within the borders of the modern Central Asian republics

The hike ended in failure. Weak attempts to assign the fortress were repulsed by the Bukhara troops, which also hampered Chernyaev. In mid-February 1866, having exhausted stocks of equipment and forage and pursued by the Bukhara Connection, Chernyaev was forced to retreat, on the right bank of Cheese Darya.

The failure of the Jizzakh expedition decided the fate of Chernyaeva. Having received half a year ago in the sign of the "monarch of favor" gold saber with diamonds for taking Tashkent, he in March 1866 passed the position of Major General General Staff D. I. Romanovsky.

This substitution did not affect the total event of events. In the steppe between Cheese Darya and Jizzac, continuous clashes of the royal troops with the detachments of the Bukhara Emir took place. Kryzhansky, who has recently announced his intention to put an end to military campaigns, in a letter to military minister dated April 7, 1866, called for decisive actions against Bukhara and reported his intention to go to Tashkent to the personal leadership of battles.

The royal government approved the plans of the Orenburg Governor's General and caused him to St. Petersburg. Even before the return of Kryzhanovsky in Orenburg, small clashes between the troops of Russia and Bukhara turned into a large battle of Irrzhar. In this battle (May 8, 1866), the Bukhara army, led by Emir, suffered a complete defeat, suffered significant losses and was forced to run.

Immediately after this, Romanovsky took important items, covered access to the Fergana Valley, is the city of Hodgerent and Hay Fortress. His nimalo was not embarrassed that they belonged not to the Bukhara Khanty, with whom the war was conducted, and Kokandu, actually ceasing the struggle after the fall of Tashkent. However, already "Irdzhar business", the initiator of which was Romanovsky, showed that he continues the active expansionist policy of his predecessor and these desires find full support in the highest government circles. In St. Petersburg and Orenburg, the eyes were closed to the controversial nature of the reports of the military governor of the Turkestan region, motivating their campaign on Hodegen and Hay aspiration to "the most accurate execution of the types of government who wanted to avoid conquests and be limited to such military actions, which for the peace of the region, adopted by the patronage of Russia, And to maintain our dignity in Central Asia is extremely necessary. "

Romanovsky now insisted on the inclusion of Hay and Khodegen to the Russian Empire, referring to the "refusal" of the rulers of Bukhara and Kokand from rights to these points, subject to the conclusion of the world. In St. Petersburg, a report was given in the forced nature of these "failures", and the military governor of the Turkestan region did focus on a large strategic and trading value of Hodge. At the same time, he offered to start peace negotiations with Khunni, as Emir freed the embassy of the Struve - Glukhovsky (it returned to Tashkent in early June 1866) and promised to immediately release all Russian merchants detained in Bukhara.

After the Irdzhar battle, Romanovsky presented the preliminary conditions of the world with Emir. They envisaged the recognition of the Bukhara Khanate to all territorial seizures of Russia in Central Asia and the border on the hungry steppe and the Kyzylkum desert; Equation of duties, coupled from Russian goods in Khanate, with duties, which sued Bukhara goods in Russia have; ensuring the safety and freedom of the movement of Russian merchants in Bukhara; payment of military ending.

As the military governor of the Turkestan region emphasized, he specifically turned on the item with the requirement of configuration so that if necessary, replacing it with any other condition.

Since Kryzhanovsky retained the prerogatives of the reference of the final peace negotiations with Central Asian Khunni, after visiting St. Petersburg and meetings with the highest Sanovna, he significantly expanded the program of expansionist actions, including military trips to Bukhara and Kokand.

"After breaking Emir as you broke it," said Romanovsky Kryzhanovsky, "I need to demand everything from him, without inferior to him." In relation to Kokand, he suggested "take ... tone tall, to crack a thin-khan as a person who should be vassal in Russia. If it is offended and will act against us, the better, it will give an excuse to end with him "(607).

On August 17, 1866, Kryzhanovsky arrived in Tashkent for the implementation of the intended concrete plans. Soon after his arrival, it was officially proclaimed inclusion in the Russian Empire of all employees - not only Tashkent, but also Zachirchik districts, Khodegen, Hay, etc.

The Orenburg Governor General demanded that the Bukhara Emir sending the Commissioner for the world's negotiations. In early September, the ambassador agreed to accept all the conditions, but asked only to exclude the item on the payment of the Contribution. It was used by Kryzhansky as an excuse for the start of hostilities. Even before the end of the negotiations (September 5, 1866), Kryzhansky wrote Milyutin, which appears in a campaign against Bukhara. On September 13, he presented the ambassador clearly impossible to ultimatum: in ten days, pay major contributions (100 thousand Bukhar Till). On September 23, the royal troops invaded the borders of Bukhara and soon the storm was taken by important fortresses - URA-Tube, Jizzakh and Yana-Kurgan.

The position in the Bukhara Khanate itself was very heavy by that time. In Bukhara and Samarkand, as before in Tashkent, two groupings have developed. The Muslim clergy and the Military Tips demanded from Emir Muzaffard decisive actions against Russia, accused him of facilitates and made a bet on the elder son of Emir Abdul Malika, the nicknamed of Katta-Tyura. The opposite position was held by Bukhara and Samarkand Mercury, interested in economic relations with Russia and demanding a peaceful settlement of the conflict. Relying on numerous disciples of religious schools, the clergy issued a decree (Fetwa) about the Holy War against the Russians. In April 1868, the multi-volume army headed by Emir headed to R. Zeravshan, leaving Samarkand in his rear. To meet her from Jowle, the Russian squad under the command of Kaufman himself in the composition of 25 mines of infantry and 7 hundred Cossacks at 16 guns (only 3500 people). On the eve of the collision, the Russians received an unexpected ally. A detachment of 280 Afghans led by Iskander Khan arrived in Jizzak, the grandson of Mohammed. These Afghans were in the service of the Bukhara Emir, constituting the garrison of the fortress of Nur-Ata. However, the local Beck decided to delay them the salary. The insulted warriors took "into the compensation of losses" two fortress guns and went to the Russians, defeating those Bukhar troops on the way, who tried to detain them. Subsequently, Iskander-Khan received from the Russian command of Chin Lieutenant Colonel, the Order of St. Stanislav 2nd Art. And the place of the officer in the famous Life Guard of the Hussar Regiment. His service interrupted in Russia completely unexpectedly and even ridiculous. In St. Petersburg, during classes in Maneza, the commander of the Imperial Convoy struck the face of an adjutant Iskander-Khan Raidil. Iskander immediately called the offender for a duel, was arrested and imprisoned on the Gauptvaku. After that, the proud Afghan was left for his homeland, where he accepted the patronage of the British. All this, however, was then. In the described time, Iskander-Khan voluntarily joined Kaufman's army and together with him went to battle against Bukharians. On May 1, 1868, the Russians went to the north bank of Zeravshan and saw the enemy military behind the river. The ambassador who arrived from Bukhara residents asked Kaufman not to start hostilities, but also did not hurry the emir troops either. About three o'clock in the afternoon, Buchants opened fire from guns. In response, the Russian batteries spoke, under the cover of which the infantry began crossing. Passing first across the river on the boobs in water, and then on the fastest rice fields, the Russian soldiers struck the bugs at the same time at the front and from both flanks. "The enemy," recalled the participant of the battle, "did not wait for our bayonets and before we got together for a hundred steps, left 21 tools and ran, throwing up not only weapons and cartridge sums on the road, but even clothes and boots in which it is difficult to run." . Of course, the Russian officer can be suspected in binding, but in this case he, apparently, did not thhatherate paints. Bukhara writers and diplomat Ahmad Chonis wrote with a mockery: "The fighting found it necessary to flee: everyone ran away, as he could run, flew to her eyes, threw all the property, gear. Some fled towards Russians, and the last, having learned their position, feeding and drinking, let them go. Emir, polluting his pants, also ran away. No one wanted to fight. " The victory of the Russian squad was complete, and with minimal losses: two killed. The remnants of the army of Emir retreated to Samarkand, but the townspeople closed the gate before them. When Russian troops approached the former capital of Tamerlan, Samarkand residents surrendered.

K. Kaufman thanked the residents on behalf of the sovereign, and the chief judge and the spiritual chapter of the city Kazi-Kalyan presented a silver medal. From Samarkand on May 6, a small detachment of major von stamp was sent, which captured the little Buek's Bueky's fortress at the foot of Nuratin Mountains. On May 11, Kaufman equipped another, a larger expedition consisting of 6 mouth soldiers and 2 hundred Cossacks at 4 instruments under the command of Colonel Abramov. This detachment went to Urgut, located 34 km south-east of Samarkand.

On May 12, the detachment collided under the walls of the city with a large Bukhara army, which also inflicted a crushing defeat. After that, Abramov's soldiers assault took the city, partially scattered, partially destroying his garrison. On May 14, the expedition returned to Samarkand. On May 17, the Russians occupied Kata-Kurgan, 66 km north-west Samarkand. All these successes were very frightened by the rulers of the city of Shahrisabz. This large craft and shopping center, the birthplace of the Great Warrior Tamerlane, more than once tried to reset the power of Bukhara Emirov. Now Shahrisabz Beci decided that with the authority of Bukhara, it was finished, but it is necessary to get rid of the Russians. For this, they supported the son of Emir Abdul Malik.

On May 27, a thousand thousand Shahrisazvtian army attacked Kara-Tube to Kishlak, not far from Samarkand, a detachment of Colonel Abramova (8 mouth and 3 hundred Cossacks). But it was discarded. This clash encouraged Emir Muzaffard, who considered that it was time for revenge. On June 2, 1868, in Zerabulak altitudes, a decisive battle of the Emir troops with a detachment of Kaufman himself occurred between Kurgan's Kurgan and Bukharoy. The Bukhar residents demoralized by the previous failures acted extremely indecisively and again suffered defeat. The road to Bukhara was open, and Muzaffar himself was going to flee to Khorezm.

However, Kaufman could not attack the Emir capital, because in the rear he himself unexpectedly an area of \u200b\u200bresistance arose. Going to Zerabulak altitudes, the Governor-General left a very small garrison in Samarkand, consisting of 4 mouth of the 6th linear battalion, 1 of the sappers and 2 artillery batteries under the general command of Major stamp. In addition, the city had uncommon and sick soldiers of the 5th and 9th linear battalions, as well as Lieutenant Colonel N. Nazarov, who, because of frequent quarrels with colleagues, filed a resignation, but did not have time to leave. Total Russian detachment consisted of 658 people, among whom was a prominent artist-Batalist V. V. Vereshchagin in the rank of ensign.

On June 2, this handful of Russian warriors besieged 25 thousandth army under the beginning of Baba Beck, who came from Shahrisabz. In the Union with Shahrisazz, the 15-thousand Detachment of Kyrgyz led by Adil-Dachta, as well as the reserving residents of Samarkand, whose number also reached 15 thousand. Thus, each Russian warrior accounted for more than 80 opponents. Without having forces to hold the whole city, the garrison immediately retreated into the citadel located in his western wall.

"When we started the gate by ourselves," recalled the participant of the event headquarters-captain Cherkasov, "the enemy burst into the city ... under the sound of Zurne, the battle of the drums, merging with wild cries, the enemy quickly spread through the streets of the city. There was no time and hours of time, as all the streets were filled with them and the fluttering icons began to be clearly visible for us. "

The thickness of the walls of the citadel reached 12 meters in separate places and the attackers were clearly noted. The weak defense place was two gates: Bukhara in southern wall and Samarkand in eastern. Ammunition and food from the Russian squad had in the amount of quite sufficient for long defense. The first attack was precipitated produced on the Bukhara Gate, who defended 77 soldiers under the start of Major Albedle.

Shahrisazans tried to break the gate three times and move through the wall, but each time they were chosen by a tidy rifle fire. Heavy wound got albedil himself. Finally, the storming managed to set fire to the gate. At the same time, the enemy acted as a Samarkand gate, where 30 soldiers of the ensign machine were kept defensed. Here the attackers also set fire to the gate, they tried to go inside through them, but the soldiers knocked them out with bayonets. In the midst of battle to the aid of the defenders of the Samarkand gate arrived at the 3rd company, under the start of Sidorov's ensign, which made a mobile reserve. He helped reflect the enemy Natisk, and then rapidly rushed to the Bukhara gate and supported the albedel squad.

Emir Palace in Bukhara. Photo S. M. Prokudina-Gorsky, 1909

In addition to the gate, Shahrisaztsi tried to penetrate the citadel through breaks in the eastern wall. They climbed and directly on the walls, for which they used iron hooks that were put on their hands and on their feet. However, everywhere attackers met the tag fire soldiers. By evening, attacks stopped, but this temporary success cost Russian expensive: 20 ordinary and 2 officers were killed.

On the morning of June 3, the assault resumed. The defense of the Bukhara gate was headed by Lieutenant Colonel Nazarov instead of Albedle, officially no position did not occupy. This officer had a reputation as a man of brave, but very daring, arrogant, who did not recognize any authorities, the word, the "True Turkestan". To encourage the soldiers, he ordered to put his walk-in bed at the gate, emphasizing that night would not leave positions. Sleep Nazarov, however, did not have to. In 8 h. In the morning, Shahrisaztsa, breaking the burnt left remnants, disassembled by Russian barricades and captured one gun. The soldiers rushed into the bayonets, and V. Vereshchagin was ahead. After a fierce hand-to-hand fight, the precipitating retreated, but soon resumed the assault in other directions.

Attacks continued and for the two subsequent days, and he was combined with the constant shelling of the citadel. The garrison rarely from the enemy bullets had not only to beat the attack, but also to stew fires, pour the gate with the ground with the grounds for the fortress walls.

Only on July 8, Kaufman's army returned to Samarkanda, who turned Shakhrisabz residents and Kyrgyz to flight. During the 8-day defense, Russians lost 49 people killed (including 3 officers), and 172 people (5 officers) were injured.

In the punishment for the rebellion, Kaufman gave the city for three days to loot. "Despite the appointment of numerous patrols, V. Vereshchagin recalled," many dark cases made in these three days. " By the way, it was the defense of Samarkand inspired the artist for one of his most famous paintings - "deadly wounded" (1873). Vereshchagin himself described in his memoirs, as during a fight for the gate of the soldiers, the battle bullet, "released from the hands of a gun, grabbed his chest and ran around the court, shouting:" Oh, brothers, killed, oh, killed! Oh, my death Came! "

Then, the painter told, "the poor one did not hear anything, he described another circle, stumbled, fell back, died, and his cartridges went to my stock."

During the battles in Samarkand Emir Muzaffar, frightened that the victory of Shahrisazans, the Sharplet not only Russian power, but also his own, sent a few false letters that the Bukhara army was preparing for a campaign for Shahrisabz. This circumstance, along with the approach of the forces of Kaufman, contributed to the departure of the precipitated from Samarkand.

In June, the ambassador of Emir Moussa-Beck arrived in June to the Russian command and an agreement was concluded between Russia and Bukhar.

Bukharians officially recognized the entry of Hodgene, Uraz-Tube and Jizzak to the Russian Empire. They also pledged to pay 500 thousand rubles. Contribution, and to ensure the execution of this paragraph, Samarkand and Kartha-Kurgan was subject to temporary occupation by Russians. From the newly occupied territories, the Zeravshan district was organized, the head of which was produced in the Majo-General Abramov.

The son of Emir Abdul-Malik fled to Karshi, where she proclaimed himself by Khan. Muzaffar immediately moved his troops there and kicked his son from the city, but as soon as he returned to Bukhara, the unpumbed offspring again sat down in Karshi. Then Muzaffar applied for help to Abramov, and he sent his squad under Karshi. Without waiting for the battle, Abdul Malik fled again, this time in India, under the protection of the British. Russian troops joined Karshi, who passed it to the Emir representatives. All testified to the transformation of the Bukhara Khanate in Vassal of the Russian Empire

The situation in the Bukhara lands also remained difficult. After the Emir signed the world with Russians, Shahrisabz Beci refused to obey his power. "Dropped" from Bukhara and small bakery in the upper reaches of Zeravshan: the match, Fagal, Fan, and others. In the spring of 1870, expeditions were sent under the superior of Major Abramov General (550 soldiers with 2 mountain cannons) and Colonel Dennet (203 people) .

The first detachment spoke on April 25 from Samarkand, passed more than 200 km upwards from Zeravshan and reached the village of Obradan. There arrived there and the detachment detachment arrived, but he walked out of URA-Tube, through Mountain Auchansky Pass. Connecting, the expedition Abramov and Dennet came out to the village of Paldorak, the residence of the Matchinsky Beck, who, having learned about their approach, fled. At the end of May, Abramov went on to the east, to the glaciers of Zeravshan, and Dennet - north, to the Pass Yangi Sabah. Passing the pass, Dennet's detachment ran into a large tag of Tajik-Matcherins and Kyrgyz, after which he returned to the connection with Abramov's forces. Then the Russians again moved to the north, overtakened the enemy and on July 9, 1870 defeated it from the northern exit from Yangi-Sabah. After that, they examined the territories on the rivers of the Yagnob and Fan Daria, at Lake Iskander-Kul, by the name of which the entire expedition began to be called Iskander-Kul. In the same 1870, new lands were included in the Zeravshan district called "Nagornaya Tyumen".

Meanwhile, in St. Petersburg received new leaders that Emir Muzaffar, despite his help with Karshi, is trying to put the union against Russia, establishes contacts with the Afghan Emir of Sher-Ali, leads negotiations with Heva and even with their recent enemies of Shahrisabzi Beks. The situation was complicated by the fact that due to the cold and somewhat snowy winter, 1869-1870. In a number of areas of Bukhara Khanate, there was a cripplence. Because of the infants, there bends. "The gangs of hungry poor people," said Kaufman, - began to wander in Khanty, producing serious riots. The fanatical clergy of all measures raised Emir against us, pointing to him in one voice to the importance of the residents lost in 1868 (that is, the Samarkand Oasis). "

To prevent possible speeches, Kaufman in the summer of 1870 decided to strike Shahrisabz Bekam. The reason for the beginning of the hostilities was that in Shahrisabze found a refuge of a certain Aidar Hodya, who with his supporters made raids on the borders of the Zeravshan district. General Abramov demanded the issuance of the perpetrator, but received a refusal. Soon in Samarkand, an expeditionary detachment was formed from 9 infantry mouth, 2.5 hundred Cossacks at 12 guns and 8 rocket machines. It was divided into two columns that moved to the interval in 2 days (August 7 and 9) and on August 11 came under the walls of the city of Kitab in Shahrisabz Oasis. On August 12, the Russians, laying the batteries, began the siege of this item. The Kitab garrison counted 8 thousand people, and its strengthens were quite powerful.

August 14, when the Russian guns broke into the urban wall of the Breus, who led the Odeza, General Abramov decided on the assault. The soldiers of the assault column under the post of Colonel Mikhailovsky simultaneously broke into the gap and rose to the withdrawal stairs on the walls. For them followed the reserve column of Major Poltoratsky, the soldiers of which set fire to the city warehouse of the hay. After the fierce street fighting, the city was taken. The battle killed 600 Chinese defenders and 20 Russians (1 officer and 19 soldiers). Wanting to emphasize that this hike aims only against the rebels, Abramov handed over the management of the Shahrisabz oasis of Emir Messengers.

Meanwhile, the Shahrisabz military commanders from Jura Beck and Baba Bek collected a 3,000th army in Magian Bekstvo. Three companies of infantry and becks made against them, without deciding on the battle, retreated. The Shahrisabz Expedition was not only crowned with the victory, but under the guise of help, the power and power of the Russian army demonstrated the emir.

Another major success was reached on the border of the Kyrgyz tribes and Western China. In the summer of 1871, the detachment led by the governor of Semirchya G. A. Kolpakovsky took the land of the Kuldzhinsky Khanate, which arose during the Muslim Donggan rebellion against the Chinese government. The transition of Kulgi to Russian hands contributed to major diplomatic success: the conclusion of the contract with the ruler of Kashgar Yakub-Beck, thereby fought with the Russians, being a Kokand commander. Perfectly understanding with what strong power he is dealing, Yakub-Beck generally avoided conflicts with Russians.

Thus in 1868-1872. The Russian armed forces suppressed the foci of resistance in Bukhara Khanate, committed distant hiking in the mountain Tajikistan and deep into the Turkmen lands. The next stage, according to the plan of the Turkestan command, there was a decisive attack on the Khiva Khanate, which was still trying to stay in relation to Russia independently and even defiantly

Suites from the Bukhara Emirate were the founders of several settlements in the territory of the modern Omsk region, in the future the population that were in them the main part. For example, the descendants of Sheykhov, Central Asian preachers of Islam in Siberia from the Bukhara Emirate founded Kazatovo (Khoja Tau).

Links

• Kayumova H. A. The People's Metrology and Chronology of Tajiks Karategin, Darwaz and the Western Pamir of the XIX - early XX centuries. Author. diss. on the sister Scientific Art. Cand. East. science Khujand, 2009.

see also

Bukhara parish

Notes

BECOME OF BUKHARY Emirates

Administrative and territorial division of the Russian Empire
Gubernia	Azovskaya¹ | * Altai ² | Arkhangelsk | Arkhangelogodskaya | Astrakhan | Baku | Belgorod | Belorussian | Bessarabsk | Brartslavskaya | * Bokeevskaya | Vilenskaya | Vitebskaya | Vladimirskaya | Voznesenskaya | Vologda | Volyn | Voronezh | Vyatskaya | Grodno | Georgian-Imeretinskaya | Georgian | Derbent | Ekaterinoslavskaya | Elizavypolskaya | Yenisei | Izyaslavskaya | Ingermanland | Irkutsk | Caucasian | Kazan | Kaluga | Kiev | Kovenskaya | Kolyvan | Kostroma | Kursk | Kutaisa | Lithuanian | Malorosiyskaya | Minsk | Mogilyovskaya | Moscow | Nikolaevskaya | Nizhny Novgorod | Novgorod-Severskaya | Novgorod | Novorossiyskaya | Olonetskaya | Orenburg | Orlovskaya | Penza | Permian | * Petrogradskaya | Podolskaya | Polotskaya | Poltava | Pskov | Ryazanskaya | Samara | St. Petersburg | Saratov | Siberian | Simbirskaya | Slobodsko-Ukrainian | Slonimskaya | Smolenskaya | Stavropol | Taurus | Tambovskaya | Tverskaya | Tiflis | Tobolskaya | Tomsk | Tula | Ufa | Finland | Kharkov | Kherson | Holmskaya | Chernigovskaya | Chernomorskaya | Shemakhinskaya | Erivanian | Yaroslavl
Region	Amur | Armenian | Batuman | Belostokskaya | Bessarabskaya | Donors' troops | Dagestan | Zabaikalskaya | Imeretinskaya | Caucasian | Kamchatskaya | Karsian | Caspian | Kwantunskaya | Kuban | Orenburg Kyrgyz | Omskaya | Primorskaya | Sakhalin | TAURIC | Tarnopolskaya | TERSKA | Turgai | Ural | Yakutskaya
Steppe region	Akmolinskaya | Siberian Kyrgyz | Semirechenskaya | Semipalatinskaya
Areas of Turkestan Region	Custinian | Samarkand | Semirechenskaya | Syrdarya | Turkestan | Fergana
Province of the Ostsey Region	Kurland | Liflyandskaya | Revelskaya | Riga | Estland
Gubernia Finland	Abo-Biorneborgskaya | Vasaya | Vyborg | Kuopioskaya | Nuland | St. Michelskaya | Tavastgusskaya | Uleborgian
The province of the kingdom of Polish	Augustus | Warsaw | Kalishovskaya | Kelets | Krakow | Luginskaya | Lublin | Mazowiestanova | Petrokovskaya | Plotsky | Podlyasskaya | Radomskaya | Sandomier | Sedletskaya | Savyvkskaya
Galicia and Bukovina	* Lviv | * Peremyshlsk | * Tarnopolskaya | * Chernivtsaya
Special districts	Sanktal district | Zeravshansky District | Sukhum district | Black Sea District | Kyakhtinskoye Graduality
Dependent States. Education	Abkhaz Prince | Administration of Western Armenia | Avar Khanna | Baku Khanate | Bogjo Khan Mongolia | Bouquer Orda | Bukhara Emirate | Principality of Valahia | Getmanschy | Guriy Prince | Imereti kingdom | Karabakh Khanate | Kartli Kakhetian kingdom | Kokand Khanje | Kurland and Semiglia |

last Emir Bukhara Emirate Seyid Mir Mohammed Alim Khan

The Kherson Museum refused to sell a unique saber, even for 100 thousand dollars. Damascus steel with Ephesus and silver sheath, decorated with a glorious engraving of Kubachin jewelers, made back in the nineteenth century personally for Emir Bukhara Seid-Khan.

Gold Emir Bukhara

An amazing document was discovered by scientists - Professor of Historical Sciences N. Nazarschoev and Associate Professor of Historical Sciences A. Gafurov - during work in the Russian state archive of socio-political history (formerly archive of the CPSU Central Committee). Inventory, printed on a typewriter, a volume of 48 sheets, listed the material values \u200b\u200bof the Bukhara Emir.

Emir Bukhara Mir-Seid-Abdul-Ahad surrounded by Russian officers

Bukhara Emir and his retinue in Moscow in 1896. Photo of Gim.

Almost every year in the media and on the Internet articles of writers, publicists, scientists and simply lovers of history, in which they express hypotheses and assumptions about the location of the Gold of the Mangyt Dynasty. This topic is relevant since the overthrow of the last Bukhara Emir of Said of the world of Alimkhan. Moreover, the authors of the articles try, as a rule, attribute to Emir as much wealth as possible. But all, as a rule, write that he before his flight from Bukhara took 10 tons of gold in advance of 150 million at the time of Russian rubles, which is currently equivalent to 70 million US dollars.

Order of noble buhara, golden; 2 - the same Order of Lower, Silver (GIm); 3 - Golden sign of the same order (?); 4-5 - the Order of the Crown State of Bukhara; 6-8 - medals for zeal and merit (6 - golden; 7-8 - silver and bronze, from the GIM meeting).

All this treasure, as stated, was hidden somewhere in the caves of the Gissar Range. At the same time, according to one of the versions, Said Alimkhan got rid of the unnecessary witnesses on the classical scenario: the challenges who knew about the valuable cargo were destroyed by an entrusted to Emir Dervysh Davron and his infringement. Then the last was deprived of the life of the personal bodyguard Emir Karapuch with the Guardsmen, and soon the Karapos himself who had reported to the Emir about the successful completion of the operation and dedicated to the sorrow of the burial of the treasure, the same night in the palace was worn by the Palace's personal executioner. Guardsmen disappeared - they were also killed.

In 20-30. Groups of armed riders, numbered dozens, or even hundreds of people, penetrated the territory of Tajikistan in order to search for treasure. However, all these bars were in vain. The search for treasures was illegally continued in subsequent years. But the treasure was never discovered.

So there was still a treasure stamped in the Gissar ridge? Wrong by such a question, the authors of this article decided to conduct their own investigation. And we started searching for archival documents that could open the veil of secrecy.

In the process of its work in the Russian state archive of socio-political history (formerly archive of the CPSU Central Committee), we found a curious document. Printed on a typewriter, a volume of 48 sheets, it described the material values \u200b\u200bof the Bukhara Emir.

So…

December 22, 1920, i.e. Almost four months later, after the Emir was overthrown, members of the State Commission for Accounting for the Values \u200b\u200bof the Bukhara People's Soviet Republic (BNSR) Hairulla Mukhitdinov and Holdozh Suleimimantzhaev were taken by train to Tashkent and put it on storage at the People's Commissariat of Finance of the Turkestan ASSR value owned by Bukhara Emir.

After passing a valuable cargo, the State Commission was the corresponding act in two copies, one of which was transferred to the Commissariat of Finance of the Turkestan Republic, and the second - to the Nazi of Finance BNSR.

Values \u200b\u200bthat were listed in the act, had 1193 ordinal numbers (No. 743 repeated twice), packed in chests and bags. When autopsy, they turned out to be scored precious stones, money, gold, silver, copper, clothing. From all this treasures, we will only list what, in our opinion, is of undoubted interest.

Gemstones were represented by diamonds, diamonds, pearls, coral. Of these: 53 large diamonds (weight not specified), 39 large-scale diamonds (138 carats), more than 400 medium-sized diamonds (450 carats), 500 diamonds are less than the average size (410 carats), minor diamonds (43 carats). Total precious stones: 1041 carats, excluding 53 major diamonds.

Most gems are inlaid in gold products: 1 Sultan with diamonds and pearls, 4 crowns, 3 pairs of earrings, 8 brooches, 26 rings, 26 ladies, 37 orders, 11 bracelets, 53 cortexigars, 14 belts with bleaks, 7 stars (with 5 large and medium diamonds and 30 small), 43 female mirrors, the Order of the White Eagle with 13 diamonds, the chest portrait of the Alimhan Garden with 10 large and 20. Merile diamonds, fucking with 59 diamonds, the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrei and Calm with 20 diamonds, 2 orders Vladimir I degrees with 20 diamonds and two bars with 10 diamonds, 5 orders of Stanislav I degree with 13 diamonds, Order of Alexander Nevsky with diamonds, Danish cross with 14 diamonds, Eagle Serbian with 5 diamonds, sign "For 25-year-old service" With 6 diamonds, 3 silver Persian stars with diamonds, 18 silver checkers with stones and enamel, silver buckle with 21 diamond.

In addition, there were decorations made of coral beads with a total weighing of 12 pounds (1 f. \u003d 0.409kg), pearl beads framed in gold - 35 f.

Gold is represented in the form of various jewelry - 14 pounds (1P. \u003d 16kg), placer - 10 pounds and 4 f. scrap with a common weight 4p. and 2 f., 262 ingot - 12P. and 15f., Russian coins of different advantages totaling 24,7600 rubles, Bukhara coins totaling 10036 rubles, foreign coins (1 f.). In general, the mass of gold in decorations, placer, scrap, ingots, coins, orders amounted to 688, 424kg.

Silver is presented in the form of various items and kitchenware: vases, boxes, brothers, samovars, trays, buckets, jugs, kettles, cupcakes, glasses, plates, coffee pots, decans, canteens, dessert and teaspoons, forks, knives. As well as a music box, various female decorations with stones (not specified, with what: precious or not), desktop calendars, pickle pipe, Bukhara orders and medals, saucers, figurines, candle holders, bowlers, bracelets, places, cigarettes, stains, clock Outdoor, clock clock, chessboard with shapes, soup, milk, glasses, charmings, albums, mugs, sugar bowls, headwalls, rings with stones, sheath, necklaces, most of which were covered with enamel of different colors, sabs horse with bluffs.

But most of the whole silver was presented in the form of ingots and coins in 632 chests and 2364 bags with a total weight of 6417 p. And 8 f., Which corresponds to about 102, 7 tons.

In 26 chests were packed paper money: Russian Nikolaev nationals totaling 2010 111 rubles, Russian Kerensky - 923,450 rubles, Bukhara - 4,579,980 Till.

In 180 large chests there were manufactory: 63 Kolata on the fur, 46 cloth bars, 105 - silk, 92 - velvet, 300 - brocade, 568 - paper, 14 different fur skins, 1 coat with collar, 10 carpets, 8 koshm, 13 Palamen , 47 juic cuts, 2897 silk cuts, 52 velvet cuts, 74 pary cuts, 78 woolen sections, 1156 cuts from paper material, 415 Chalm, 596 different blankets, 278 sharovar, 1004 shirts, 436 straps, 1228 scarves, 746 Tubpets, 660 pairs of shoes.

Copper money and dining room tableware were packaged in 8 chests, 33 ppm and 12 f.

There is an application to the act, according to which all gold products and precious stones have passed an expert assessment to determine their quality and weight. The rating gave Jeweler Danilson. However, what is interesting, the weight of precious stones, gold and silver defined by Danilson is understated compared to the one that is given in the act of act.

We also conducted our calculations. According to our data, according to the act and at the rate of today, the price of Emir gold (1 Troy Once, or 31.1 grams \u003d $ 832), if it is completely translated into scrap (688, 424kg), is more than 18 million US dollars. For all silver, if it is also translated into scrap (102, 7 tons), in world markets could give more than $ 51 million (1gram \u003d $ 2). For 1041 carat of diamonds on Sotheby's commercial auctions, about $ 34 million (1 carat \u003d $ 32,5 thousand) can be reserved (1 carat \u003d $ 32.5 thousand).

In general, the cost of only this part of the treasury of jewels of mangitts in the amount is about $ 103 million, which is at least one third overlaps the calculations of the search engines of the Emyir.

However, we are powerless to evaluate the cost of 53 large diamonds (weight not specified), coral and pearl beads with a total weight of more than 19.2kg.

As for diamonds, this is the hardest, beautiful and expensive stone of all gems. In the four of the "higher" stones (Diamond, Sapphire, Emerald, Ruby) he stands in the first place. Diamonds have always been valued insanely highly not only for beauty and rarity, but also for the mystical properties that they allegedly possessed. The most expensive diamonds have indicators 1/1, that is, there is no color, no defects. From antiquity, a name for such stones "Diamonds of pure water" began, because To distinguish the natural crystal from the fake, it was thrown into clean water, and he was lost in it. Consequently, in our opinion, only diamonds of the Bukhara Emir in their value could exceed all other values \u200b\u200bof the treasury.

And is it possible to measure gold jewelry with gems, because they all have a big artistic value. What is the Russian Order of the Holy Apostle Andrei First Called. In 2006, 428 thousand dollars were given at Sothebyis auction for this Order. Or one of a kind of breast portrait of Said Alimhan, framed by 10 large and 20 small diamonds.

And this whole valuable cargo from Bukhara was delivered to Tashkent. And he, no doubt, was part of Said Alimkhan's treasury. However, these data do not answer the question: is this complete state of the Emir or only its part? The fact is that the entire treasury of the Bukhar Emirate consisted, according to various estimates, from 30-35 million Till, which corresponded to about 90-105 million Russian rubles. A 10 tons of gold adventure lovers are estimated at the rate of 1920 in 150 million Russian rubles. It turns out that the state of the Emir they overestimated 1.5 times. Why is such a discrepancy?

We will try to figure it out in this matter. Returning to the beginning of our narration, we know that, according to some authors, Emir brought and hid all his treasury in the mountains - 10 tons of gold. Could he do this, attracting a couple of dozen people for this operation. It seems that there is no. First, in order to take out such a cargo you need no less than hundreds of horses, not counting the cavalry guards. And this is a whole caravan. He could not go away and a short distance, not to mention that the cargo was hidden in the spurs of the Gissar Mountains.

Secondly, returning to Bukhara, Emir, destroying all the witnesses, for some reason did not tell his loved ones about where the treasure was hidden. But he had to do it in case of overthrow or worse - murders. After all, sons were to change it on the throne, and the sovereigns of the treasury were needed. Emir could not understand this.

Third, running into Gissar after overthrow, Emir began to recruit the local population into the army. But in order to fully arm everything, he lacked funds. To do this, he posted by the extra charges of the inhabitants of Eastern Bukhara, but managed to arm only the third part of his new troops.

Fourthly, Alimhan did not leave hope for help from abroad. So, in a letter to the king of Great Britain on October 12, 1920, he wrote that he hoped for supporting His Majesty and waiting for help from him in the amount of 100 thousand pounds of sterling, 20 thousand guns with ammunition, 30 guns with projectiles, 10 airplanes and 2 thousand soldiers of Anglo -indian army. However, England, who did not want to go on direct exacerbation with the Bolsheviks, fearing that they could continue their offensive and establish Soviet power in Afghanistan, did not assist the Emir.

Fifth, Said Alimhan did not try, as some imagine, send their, allegedly, hidden gold stock in the Gissar Mountains in Afghanistan, because He did not trust any of his Kombashi, even Enver Pasha and Ibrahimek. In addition, if even an emir entailed this mission to them, she was doomed to failure, since such a caravan could not be imperceptible to spend on Soviet territory, besides, to transfer through Pyanj. To do this, it was necessary to prepare a large-scale military operation. But for its implementation, as the story showed, Emir had neither forces or funds.

Six, if the Emir still had treasures were hidden, he could take them in the 20-30s to take them with the help of foreign countries and international organizations. But in this case, he did not take a single attempt. There are several intercepted letters of Said Alimkhan, addressed to foreign political figures, but in no one mentiones the presence of Golden Skron.

On-seventh, the lack of cash did not allow the Bukhara Emir to provide material assistance to his Kurbashi. So, after the detention on the territory of Tajikistan, the Supreme Kurbashi Ibrahimbek, he at the interrogation on July 5, 1931 in Tashkent with undisguised indignation admitted that in December 1930 he wrote Emir Alimkhan: "Seven years (meaning the period 1920-1926 - Auto .) In your order, I fought against the Soviet power with my own funds and forces, constantly receiving all kinds of promises for help, but never waited for their execution. "

Thus, all of the above leads to the idea that Emir's gold weighing 10 tons, as we think, still did not exist. At the same time, Said Alimhan, of course, existed its treasury, which he managed to take out from Bukhara. After all, it is not by chance, during the flight from Bukhara, he was accompanied by guardsmen with a number of at least thousands of people. However, as you know, you can't take a lot on horses. Attract the Emir camels for this purpose, because they are although they are lifting, but very slow down. And the emir was needed a mobile group so that he would not have to throw a caravan in case of chase. The financial means and jewelry exported them, it seems, it's a percentage of 15-20 from the total part of the treasury, they needed Said Alimkhan to the most necessary expenses: the money allowing the guardsmen, the procurement of weapons, the content of its administrative apparatus and the newly gained harem, etc.

In addition, it is not necessary to discount the argument that the emir did not think to leave Bukhara for a long time and waited for the case to take revenge for defeat. After all, it is no coincidence, in Eastern Bukhara, he declared mobilization and appealed to the Memorandum to the League of Nations on the forced declaration of war by the Bolsheviks.

But the time worked against Said Alimhan. The Bolsheviks, taking power in Bukhara, captured and most of the remaining treasury of the dynasty of Mangitov. These treasures were transferred to the People's Commissariat of Finance of the Turkestan ASSR.


Further destiny of the treasury of the Bukhara Emir delivered to Tashkent, we failed to trace. However, it is not difficult to guess that soon the jewel was sent to Moscow. The civil war in Russia was still continued, and to supply the red army to everyone, the treasures of the Bukhara Emir came very, by the way. For this, the precious stones were withdrawn from gold jewelry, and the latter are integrated into the metal. Thus, things that represented high artistic and historical value were wounded forever. Although individual rare copies during transportation could be lost, and are now stored in any collections, the owners of which for personal security purposes are usually incognito.

Penjikent is an ancient city located in the mountains of Tajikistan. Very nearby - Bukhara, nearby - the border with Kyrgyzstan, to submit - the deserts of Turkmenistan. All these lands until 1920 were part of the Bukhara Emirate. In the bottomless basements of the arch - fortresses reigning over the city, more than a hundred years have accumulated innumerable riches. Each of the three million issues of Emir had to pay taxes in the treasury. But the most gold came to the treasury from the Emir Space on the shore of Zeravshan. Over the year in the underground storage facilities of the Bukhara Fortress, over thirty million gold tilpu came. And the expenditures of the Emirate for the same period were only three million - mainly on the army and procurement of weapons. The difference remained in the execution of Emir.
In August 1920, heavy times came for the Emirate. Events in Russia stirped folk masses. The uprising was preparing. In the sky over Bukhar, airborne-intelligence aircraft appeared with red stars on wings. And once, even four-dimensively "Ilya Muromets" arrived - the Red Army approached. It was necessary not only to carry legs, but also to export wealth accumulated by the Mangyt dynasty ...

Descendant of old kind

The first time I met Masuda in Penjikent almost twenty years ago. He was engaged here by excavations of an ancient settlement. I learned from him, what was the further fate of the Bukhara Treasures ...
- Emir Sid Alimkhan was a trusted man - Dervish Davron. One day he was led to the palace at night, so as not to see extra eyes. In the rest of the lord, except the lord himself, Dervish met another person - the Emir bodyguard of Colonel TKSOBO Calapus. He was there and the head of the Emir artillery Topchibashi Nizametdin. But his emir hid in the next room. Invisible, he heard the whole conversation.
They decided how to save the treasures. Gold was so much that for a caravan would need about hundreds of pack horses, each of which could carry the Hurjins with five glows in each. The total cost of the Emir heritage exceeded 150 million gold rubles at the prices of the time.
Where to drive a caravan? In Kashgar? There is an English consulate, who led the old familiar Emir - Consul Mr. Essenton. But Dervish Dudron visited Kashgar, and the news that he brought was disappointing. Emir's letter just scared the consul. What is the English Consulate in Kashgar? Little house in a shady garden on the outskirts of Urumchi. All his security is the British flag and several sipes armed with rifles. And around the gangster hay, terrorizing Kashgar, a rebellion in Xinjiang, the war in Turkestan, general instability. Take a caravan with gold in such conditions - it means to bring the misfortune to your quiet abode.
Essenton was a professional diplomat and accepted how it seemed to him, a wise decision: let him think and solves the bosses. In Delhi, in the Palace of the Vice-King of India, the encryption was gone with the situation.
But the officials were sitting in Delhi. And they also perfectly understood the entire risk and all responsibility related to such a matter. If their consent, it turns out that the British government guarantees the essential of the Emir treasury. And if she gets bandits? We will have the entire cost of lost to pay the emir at the expense of the British Empire. No, the vice-king of India could not go. Therefore, the English consul wrote an emir letter compiled in the most exquisite expressions. In him, he swore in hot friendship and wished all the best, only at the end - with great regrets - he noticed that he could not accept and keep the treasury of the Lord of Bukhara.
Now the gathered that night in the palace had to decide where to send a caravan to Iran or Afghanistan. To go with such a caravan to Iran, in Mashhad, it was dangerous - the situation in Clause remained tense. Accepted another solution. In the first decade of September 1920, a caravan of several hundred horses and camels, loaded by the treasures of Bukhara, water and food reserves, moved south. The security was the Emir Guardsmen who were commanded by Taxobo Calapus. Next to him, striving in the stirrup, drove and Dervish Davron.
The city of Guzar sharply turned to the left and the Langar himself deepened in the foothills of Pamirs.
The caravan was divided. Armed guards led by Kalapusch, pack animals with supplies and water remained in the valley. The camels and horses loaded with gold and accompanying their drivers were delighted into one of the mountain clefts. Davron and two more dervishes were ahead.
A day from the moment of the departure of the Davron and his companions, then the second. Alarmed Calapus raised his people and headed over the trail of caravan. After passing a few kilometers along the close winding raft, the riders discovered several corpses. These were drivers. And after some time they came across the Davron itself and his two satellites. All three were injured. Davron told what happened. Someone from the challenges spent that he was in the departure Sumy and Blades, and told his comrades. They decided to kill the Davron with satellites and take possession of the treasure. The fight occurred, but Davron and his friends managed to fight off. Despite the wounds, they hid a brother with gold in an inconspicuous cave. Calapus examined her and was satisfied. Not trusting anyone, the Emir bodyguard himself poured the entrance to the cave and drove horses and camels back to the valley.
Dervisham tied the wounds, sat on the horses. Now only they, but Kalapus knew where the Emir values \u200b\u200bwere hidden. When the mountains remained behind, Davron felt very bad and wanted to call in his native village - it was almost on the road. Calapus generously agreed, but in the morning, when the hour of prayers came, three figures did not rose from the ground. Davron and his friends-dervish remained there forever. The faithful Kalapush performed the secret order of Emir: no one should know the secrets of the treasure.
"You feel so well that happened in these places eighty years ago," I said Masudu. - From where?
- I myself am from these places. And Davron was one of my ancestors. In our family, this story was transmitted from generation to generation. I also heard her boy and then swore myself that I would find this treasure, although he brought so much misfortunes to our family.

Fate treasure

"As an archaeologist, I could have been looking for anyone who did not excite suspicion," Masud continued. - I'll tell you what was then ...
On the fourth day, the caravan returned to Bukhara. In Karaulbazar, Topchibashi Niemetdin and his warriors happily greeted the tired riders. After the pisto and green tea lay down to go early to arrive in the sacred buhara. However, in the morning, only the soldiers of the commander of Emir artillery were saddled. All satellites of Calapus - besides him, they were killed.
Emir graciously met his bodyguard. In detail asked about the road, how a secret place was found, as the treasure was hidden and a cache was masked. Especially interested in the master, there were no living witnesses. "No, I answered Calapus, - now on earth only two know the mystery: the Lord and I. But in my loyalty, the Lord does not doubt ... "
Of course, Emir did not doubt ... The fact that the mystery, known to two, is half no secret. And the same night I removed the Palace Palace with the Emir of Kalapush.
On all, two days passed since his death, on the palace stables began to saddle horses - Emir decided to run. No one even recalled his bodyguard about its former bodyguard. Now, next to Emir, the head of artillery - Nizameddin is jumping.
In the day of the path somewhere in the steppes from the Sweet Emir there was a shot. Topchibashi collapsed to the ground. No one left, except for the former Lord of the Sacred Bukhara, who knew something about the caravan with gold.
With a detachment in a hundred saber, he crossed the border with Afghanistan. From all the multi-million treasures, he remained only two horses, rejected by variable sides with gold bars and precious stones.
Years passed. Emir lived in Kabul, but the treasure left behind Pyanjah did not give him to sleep. All twenties, almost every month, baschaic gangs penetrated the territory of Central Asia. Many of them sought to the area where the treasure was hidden. But Basmacham was not lucky. By destroying crops and kill several activists, they returned to Afghanistan. However, the emir did not calm down. In 1930, the border was transferred by Gang Ibrahim-Bek. It was five hundred saber. But, captured, he was executed, sent him a chopped head in 1931 to Moscow, in CC.
The surrounding members of the crushed gang of Ibrahim-Beck continued to search for treasure. Someone decided that the secret place should know the relatives of Davron or Kalapush. And those began to die. After torture, almost all the brothers and sisters of Davron were killed. Kislak, where the rhodiers of the calapus lived, was burned, all its inhabitants were cut out.
"Davron was a relative of my grandfather," Masud recently admitted to me. - I learned from him all this story. And now there are people interested in my search. Initially (I was younger then and naive) Around me rubbed some Timur Pulats from Bukhara. He is leather from leather, trying to help in my searches. And it ended in that she stole several schemes of the routes already traveled and died with them, oddly enough to Moscow. I recently met him on the street. You know this company that in eastern coats sits on sidewalks, leaving alms. So here is the leader of them polatures on the nicknamed "Ishachy Count" ...
After theft, I began to share my schemes into several parts and hide them in different places. The main, of course, hold in my head. After all, the area where the treasure is hidden, takes only 100 square kilometers. For two decades, I studied it more detailed.
- And found? ..
Masood mysteriously silent. Then says:
- You know, ten tons of gold is difficult to find, but also to hide it was difficult. There was little time for this. Shallowly hidden. So - sensitive devices will detect. And they already have them. Only time is nervous. Now there is dangerous ...
Difficult life took this person, obsessed with his passion. He almost achieved success, but the threshold is forced to stop. Only I am sure - not for long.

Pages: 1.

Bukhara is one of the few cities in world history, which all the time was and developed at the same place, in the 7th century the Arab Khalifat was spread to this territory and the Religion of Islam came from the Arabian Peninsula. Bukhara was the capital of the Bukhara Emirate - an ancient Asian state at the head of which was the ruler or an emir.

In this post, I would like to tell the story of the last Bukhara Emir, when reviewing his summer residence.

// mikeseryakov.livejournal.com

Said built a special house for the emperor of the Russian Empire Nikolai 2, who never visited Bukhara. If a little bit from the topic, then it is not clear to me, as probably the most meditar of the Russian kings, stupidly destroyed almost the whole Russian fleet in the Tsushimsky battle suddenly ranked saints, the world is truly full of riddles.

// mikeseryakov.livejournal.com

The last emir of Bukhara and the last autocratic of the Russian Empire, even something similar, they both fell under pressure of the new government of the Bolsheviks. In 1918, the Soviet government was already installed in the city of Tashkent, the emir assumed that Bukhara also falls and planned a waste path. Said applied for help in the UK, but the British first seemed to agree, but after they denied him in emigration, and he began to seek refuge from other countries, and simply prepare a caravan of 100 ward animals.

General view of the summer residence of Emir.

// mikeseryakov.livejournal.com

For these one hundred support animals, he immersed the best part of his treasures, because he could no longer remove. Emir has already agreed at that time with Afghanistan, the authorities of this country were supposed to provide him asylum. He called his faithful companion of the colonel Taxobo Calapus and instructed him "Karavan's leadership".

The decoration of the house built for the Russian emperor.

// mikeseryakov.livejournal.com

Said Alim-Khan planned to lead with Nikolai 2 business negotiations and for this built a special hexagonal room in the center of the house, around all the walls of which there were still rooms and she did not have external walls, it was done so that no one from the street could overhear the conversations leaders.

// mikeseryakov.livejournal.com

The English island in the nearest Chinese city of Kashgar and the vice-king of India refused to take the valuable cargo of Emir, due to the non-relaxing situation in the region. Then the emir burst his treasures in the steppes, and in the pre-revolutionary time, at night, the one hundred support animals under the leadership of Taxobo Callapus left Bukhara.

The main house of Emir, where his wives and concubines lived. The wives lived on the first floor of the house, and the concubine on the second.

// mikeseryakov.livejournal.com

Meanwhile, the caravan with the treasures of Emir went to the foothills of the Pamir. On the road, the guards learned that they were transported and wanted to kill Callapus, and after to take possession of the treasures of Emir Bukhara. The struggle in which Kallapus and the Supportiers were lucky and killed rebellious guards.

The survivors hid the treasures in one of the many caves, and the entrance was poured by stones. Now it is believed that the treasure of Emir is hidden in the territory of modern Turkmenistan, somewhere between the Uzbek Bukhar and the Turkmen city of Bayramali.

After four days, the shaking of the caravantes returned to Bukhara and stopped for the night, in front of a morning visit to Emir. But at night, Callapus killed all the guards and in the morning to Emir came in proud loneliness.

He handed him the dagger on which the path to the cave with treasures was engraved. Emir very joyfully welcomed his loyal associate, but most of all he was interested in whether someone was alive from those who saw where the treasures were hidden.

What Callapus answered: "Only two people you and me know this mystery on Earth. "Then it is not a mystery," the Emir replied and the same night the Palace Ball killed Callapus. And two days later, Emir Buhar with a retinue in a hundred Sabel went on the road and recalculated the border of Afghanistan.

Near the house was a pond, where, when it was hot, there were worshipers and embaling Emir. Access to this part of the building was prohibited absolutely for all men, except for Emir himself. They bathed in special coats, because according to Islamic traditions of that time, a woman did not follow completely to her husband at all.

// mikeseryakov.livejournal.com

The gazebo in which Emir Bukhara rested, he could sit here in a cool shadow, watching bathing wives, sometimes called to her children for the game.

// mikeseryakov.livejournal.com

For the "couple of kopecks" can be climbed onto the gazebo, we have a robe and feel like an emir, only here are women in the pond, alas, no longer bathe.

// mikeseryakov.livejournal.com

To remove all his family to Afghanistan Said Alim-Khan could not, three of his son remained in the territory of Uzbekistan and the councils took care of them. Emir went only with the harem and young children.

Two of his sons entered the military school, one ahead of time was ahead of the general, but only with the condition that they are publicly through newspapers and radio will renounce their father. Otherwise, they threatened repression or execution.

One sons could not survive the renunciation and went crazy. The second son was died later with unexplained circumstances, and soon disappeared and the third heir was missing.

There is here and a small minaret, where Muzzin climbed and convened everyone to prayer. For the symbolic MZDU, you can go there and enjoy the views of the "estate" of Said Alim-Khan from above.

// mikeseryakov.livejournal.com

Today I post an article about a person who has done a lot for Russia, Crimea and Yalta. At the top - Photo of Seid-Abdul-Ahad-Khan, at the bottom of the article - the photo of his palace in Yalta and Son. By the way, the photo of the son - the famous photographer Prokudin-Gorsky was made of the last of the Emiros of the Bukhara Khanate in 1911 - in color, by the way. Photographic materials are located in the library of the US Congress.

Stars over Crimea
Unlike many of their predecessors, Emir Bucharasky was easy to rise, often drove to Moscow, Petersburg, Tiflis, Kiev, Odessa, and then hit the Crimea, and since 1893 he spent every summer in Yalta. He also visited Sevastopol and Bakhchisara.
This is how Seid-Abdul-Ahad-Khan newspaper described: "Emir above average growth, on a view of no more than 45 years. Very well folded. Has a pleasant breast baritone; From under his snow-white Chalma, big black eyes glimpse, and his chin decorates a small salad beard. Good ride. It has an extraordinary physical strength ... "
Emir Bucharsky loved to reward, even for minor services or just liked the person. Nothing amazing that when he regularly began to drive in Yalta, many prominent citizens were able to put the orders of the "Golden Star of Bukhara", which generously distributed Emir. One of the most curious stories related to similar award occurred in the Yusupov family. They often visited Emir Bukhara in Yalta, and he came to Coreiz several times. During one of these visits, a primary generation representative, Felix Yusupov, decided to demonstrate a Paris novelty for the drawing: cigars were served on the dish, and when the emir and his retinue began to decorate them, Tobacco suddenly caught fire and ... began to shoot fireworks. The scandal was terrible - not only because the high guest was in a funny position, first, after all, the guests, and homemade who did not know about the draw, decided that the ruler of Bukhara was an attempt. But after a few days, Emir Bucharsky himself celebrated reconciliation with Yusupov-younger ... awarding it with the Order with diamonds and rubies.
The Lord of Bukhara was often located in Livadia, when the imperial family came there, as well as in Suk-Su, from Olga Mikhailovna Solovyva. It is a magical beauty of the place (now it is part of the Artek children's camp), Emir Bukhara just conquered. He even wanted to buy it, and offered a hostess for the cottage 4 million rubles - huge money at the time, but Olga Solovyov did not agree to part with Suku-Su.
Nothing amazing that, having loved the southern coast of Crimea, Emir Bucharasky decided to build a private palace here. He managed to buy a plot in Yalta, where the garden was laid and a magnificent building was built (it was subsequently one of the corps of the sanatorium for the Black Sea Fleet sailors). Interestingly, it was first planned to give an order for the construction of a famous Nikolay Krasnov, thanks to which South Coast was decorated with many architectural pearls. In the Foundations of the Alupkin Palace-Museum, two sketches have been preserved and estimates to them, made by Krasnov for Emir Bukhara. One is an Italian villa, the second is the eastern palace with stale windows and the eastern ornament. But whether both options did not like the Bukhara ruler, or he wanted to support the urban architect Yalta Tarasova, who knew well, but the palace began to build the latter. The building with dips, towers and arbors really decorated Yalta, Emir himself called the estate "Dilkiso", which means "charming". It survived and the bustling lord, and the Chaos of the Civil War, in which many estates did not survive, he was burned in 1944. Nazis, but still, this memory of the emir of Bukharsky in Yalta was preserved.

Seid-Abdul-Ahad Khan Street
Becoming a seasonal inhabitant of Yalta, Seid-Abdul-Ahad-Khan immediately became interested in the public life of the city: consisted of "Society of assistance to insufficient students and students of Yalta gymnasiums", made money to the "society of assistance to the poor Tatars of the South Coast", was interested in the preservation of the antiquities of the Crimea, several times He was a participant in animal exhibitions. The fact is that the high position did not interfere with the Emir of Bukhara to be an expert on the sheephood, his herds of doodle sheep were the best in his homeland, he personally traded Karakul, delivering about a third of the product to the world market.
In 1910, he built a city free hospital for coming patients. It was a very generous gift to the city, in a large two-story house there were laboratories, rooms for employees, surgical and gynecological offices, reception per hundred people. On the eve of the opening of the hospital, he once again inflicted a visit to the family of Nikolai II in Livadia to ask the highest enforcement to call the hospital with the name of Cesarevich Alexey. Emir Bukharsky for many years for Yalta was a kind of generosity symbol, he was elected for merits to the city with an honorary citizen, and they even called it one of the streets.
By the way, and many other cities, not only in the Crimea, it was for what to thank Emir Bukhara - in St. Petersburg, for example, he built a cathedral mosque, which cost him half a million. During the Russian-Japanese war of 1905, Seid-Abdul-Ahad-Khan donated a million gold rubles to the construction of a warship, which was called Emir Buhar. The life of this ship was stormy, but shortly: during the revolution, the crew went to the side of the Bolsheviks, then fought at the Caspiani (by that time he was renamed to Yakova Sverdlov), and in 1925 it was cut on metal.

The last of the dynasty
Emir Bukhar Seid-Abdul-Ahad-Khan for the last time in Crimea visited himself shortly before his death, he was not in December 1910: the long kidney disease, which in recent years tormented him, still put a point in his interesting and active life . In the magazine "Niva" for 1911 published a necrologist and telegram to the Russian emperor from the new Emir of Bukhara, peace-alima, one of the sons of the deceased. He thanks for the condolences "According to the death of my parent and the signs of everyone who rendered to me, the signs of allotypes of favor," and promises to go along the way of the density of the Father.
Alas, a few years of the reign of the last Emir of Bukharsky were not the best for his state: the mechanisms of many innovations, launched by the Father, were still in inertia. And the ruler himself was not very inclined to provide patronage of progress and sciences. About the years of his rule is generally preserved a little evidence of contemporaries, and they do not draw it from the best side: commemorate the tape and indifference, as well as excessive love for earthly pleasure. Solva attacked him a harem in 350 concubines, who were taken here from all over the country.
In the library of the US Congress, a collection of colored pictures of the famous Prokudin-Gorsky photographer is kept: in the early 1900s, he broke the whole of Russia, from the Far East to Central Asia, to capture its empire on glass photoplasties. There are among these pictures and the main portrait of the world of Alima, Emir of Bukhara - in a silk blue bathrobe with flowers, a saber, a gold belt. In the face - father's features, but without the spirituality, which was the former ruler. He still does not know that it becomes the last of Emirov Bukhara, and most of his life will spend in exile, will live by the grace of the Afghan Emir, and die in a foreign country. He will still have time to ask to make such words on the gravestone:
"Emir without the birthplace of pity and negligible
The beggar who died in his homeland is truly Emir. "


from here.

A.G.Nedvetsky
The rulers of Bukhara

The article is complemented by the site "Library of Hurshida Davron" ("Khurshid Davron Kutubhonasi"

Bukhara - Pearl of the East, one of the oldest and most beautiful cities of Central Asia. With the name of this city, the fate of many outstanding scientists and thinkers, poets and folk masters of the past centuries is connected. This is a city where the Muslim architecture masterpieces has been created and preserved.

One of the Bukhara sayings reads: "Around the world, the light is descended from heaven, and only in Bukhara he dates from the ground." They say Buchants so because thousands of righteous and Muslim saints are buried in the land of this sacred city. For centuries, the noble Bukhara remained one of the main centers of Islam in Central Asia, the center of Muslim theology, and its rulers called themselves "Emirs of Orthodox".

Recently, its existence, Bukhara Khanate was under the rule of rulers from the Uzbek Dynasty of Mangity. Today we know very little about the last Bukhara Emires. After the establishment of Soviet power in Central Asia, many pages of the history of the States existing there were committed by oblivion. In many modern books devoted to the history of Bukhara Khanate in the last century, sometimes the names of the rules there are not even mentioned. And even more so, the contemporaries do not imagine how the last rulers of the noble buchar, the highest dignitaries of Khanate, Beci, who managed various regions looked.

Today, thanks to the research conducted in the archives of Russia and Uzbekistan, and discovered there with unique photographs made at the end of the last century, we have the opportunity to open one of the little-known pages of the history of this state.

Family Emir

Mir-Muzaffar Ad-Dean Bahadur Khan, Emir Buhar, rules in 1860-1885. The fourth Emir from the mangyt dynasty, the son of Emir Nasraslah, was born in the beginning of the 20th year. last century (in 1821 or 1824). Young years Muzaffar spent in Karsha. According to the Hungarian traveler, Vambier, "It's too early, he was distinguished by adjacent to his classes, as well as brilliant abilities." However, as Vabier wrote, "despite this, Muzaffar Ad-Dean has already won a bitch in the eye for his father, who ... always feared represented by his brainchild of a dangerous opponent of the throne. Before him, he was always rising from the ghost of the conspiracy, and to get rid of this permanent nightmare, he appointed his son with a governor in Kerman, for better supervision of him in close proximity. " Becoming the governor of Kerman at 20, Muzaffar stayed in this position 19 years, up to the death of his father, living "in satisfied alienation and opal". Surprisingly, the future emir has never met his father - Nasrallah never called in Kerman and did not cause his son to Bukhara.

Having received a message about the death of the Father (she died in Bukhara on October 20, 1860, about a year spent), Muzaffar arrived in the capital, where he took part in Emir's funeral. A few months later he went to Samarkand, where the rite of raising on the cat was performed on the famous gray (Kok Tash), symbolizing the entry into the kingdom. There he took an oath from his governors-Becks and officials of Khanate.

For a quarter of a century, Muzaffar Ad-Dina's board in the history of Bukhara there was a lot of different events, and appreciating the identity of Emir his contemporaries gave him very different, sometimes directly counterpart characteristics. So, for example, the Mirza historian ADA al-Azim As-themselves believed that Muzaffar "showed a commendable image of the action and found a good temper," and the classic of Tajik literature Ahmad Donis believed that the Emir "was stupid and limited" that he "Unshadic and bloodthirsty", "Deprait and bloodthirsty tyran". Another author noted that Emir "was distinguished by closure and religiosity."
A very expressive portrait of Emir in his notes drew V. Crestovsky, the Russian officer who met about Muzaffar in 1883: "The face of Emir retained the remains of the previous beauty ... he has a small black beard, thin eyebrows, thin trimmed over a lip mustache and big black eyes that It is probably the habit more, leaves slightly tracked, and only occasionally, throwing out to someone's eyes, reveals them in a full amount. In general, the expression of this person is quite friendly. .. Bordeed by Emir, in Persian fashion, somewhat tintured, molding not on the light is not reddish, it's not even a bitter-brown color. "

As one of the Russian authors, the nephew Emir Mir-Seyid-Ahad Khan, who lived in Tashkent, was told in Tashkent, Muzaffar "there was a big female beauty fan." In addition to four legitimate wives, he had another extensive harem, consisting of 150-200 women. His older wife was considered the daughter of Shakhrysyabz Buck Daniar-Atalyk, but he had no children from her.
In 1883, Muzaffar Ad-Dean was awarded the Russian Order of St. Anne 1 degrees decorated with diamonds - in response to the emperor Alexander W Rude of the ascending star Bukhara. In Bukhara, the award delivered a special embassy led by Major General Prince Wittgenstein.

In August 1885, Emir, who committed an egreshitis of his possessions, was infected with Karshi as then writing an "epidemic ellocal fever", Muzaffar, interrupting his trip, returned to Bukhara and stopped in his country residence Shirbudun, where he spent almost two months. The disease almost passed, but September 28 unexpectedly resumed with a new force. The nearest court emira - Astanakul-Beck Biy and Muhammadi Biy Kushbie - decided to transport the patient to Bukhara Citadel - Ark. And it is in the arch, 40 minutes before dawn on October 31, 1885, Muzaffar Ad-Dean died.

Emir was buried in the Cemetery of Imam Imam near Bukhara, in the family mausoleum of Mangytov (this mausoleum was preserved to this day).

Seyid Abd Al-Ahad Bahadur-Khan, Emir Buhar, rules in 1885-1910. Emir Abd Al-Ahad was born on March 26, 1859 (according to other sources - in 1857) in Kerman. Emir's mother, the Persian slave named Shamzhat, was distinguished, according to the testimony of contemporaries, a rare mind and was his beloved wife Emir Muzaffard. She died in Kermin in 1879, living in his son, who almost did not leave his Beck from the date of his destination in this city. In addition to her son, she had another daughter, Salikha, which Emir Muzaffar issued married his nephew Amanullach. From 14 years old (according to other sources ~ from 18) ADA al-Ahad was Beck Kerman. According to his Russian travelers who visited him, he led a rather simple way of life. In 1882, he had only one wife, and heared he contained more for sight. The young abd al-ahad was a big riding fan and was considered one of the best riders of Khanate. His favorite classes were the taming of stallions, a falcon hunting and horse-drying of Kok-storms (Kozlodrani). However, in 1882, the future Emir seriously fell ill - he had Rishta in his leg - and was forced to leave his classes with this sport. After that, for several years, he suffered from "feed illness", which was aggravated by usually at the end of winter, while in 1892 he did not help Russian doctors.

Emir Bukhar Seid Abdul-Ahad Khan. Engraving 1895.

Emir was quite well educated, he spoke of Persian and a little - in Russian and in Arabic.
In 1882, ABD Al-Ahad was sent to Moscow by the will of Father, where he was officially recognized as the heir of the Bukhara throne, which then emperor Alexander W writtenly notified Emir Muzaffard. On a trip to Russia, the future Emir was accompanied by the court father of Astana-Beck Biy Kuli Kushbui. In October 1885, having learned about the death of the Father, Abd Al-Ahad left Kerman and accompanied 1,000 riders went to Bukhara. On the way, in the town of Malik, he met with a representative of the Russian authorities by Lieutenant General Annenkov, who assured him in support of Russia in the event of any political complications due to possible claims of other sons of Muzaffard on the Bukhara throne. Before entering Bukhara, Emir visited Mazar Bahauddin, where he made a prayer. On the same day, he participated in the funeral of the Father. On November 4, 1885, the Emir Raising Ceremony was held in Bukhara Arc - he officially ascended the throne. Thus began the long reign of the penultimate Emir of Noble Bukhara, marked by many important events and changes in the life of Khanate.

The first years of his reign of Emir lived in the capital. In the city itself, he spent no more than six months, in winter, leaving usually for several months in Shakhrysybz and Karshi, and in June and July living in Kerman. Returning to Bukhara, Abd Al-Ahad usually stopped not in the arch, but in his country palace Shirbutun. In 1894, disassembled with the Bukhara clergy, the emir settled in Kerman and never more, he did not return to Bukhara to his very death.

Emir loved to travel. By visiting Russia for the first time in 1882, he was then repeatedly visited Moscow and St. Petersburg: in 1893 he brought his son Alim Khan to the capital of the Russian empire, in 1896 he came to the celebrations on the occasion of the coronation of Emperor Nicholas II. This is how the St. Petersburg "Motherland" tells about it (1893. № 3, p. 88, 91-92, 105-106.): "His Majesty of the Majorian of the Emperor and now Guest in St. Petersburg His Grace of Bukhara Emir Seid -Adul-ahat-khan is extremely representative, beautifully folded brunette, with a very expressive face and large, black, as a quantity, an eye beard.

Emir brought with him a lot of valuable material, jewels and horses for gifts, with the cost of all brought, part of which arrived in the summer, is estimated at 2 million rubles. "

Seid-Abdul-Ahad Khan was the last time in St. Petersburg shortly before his death and solemnly celebrated there the twenty-fiveth anniversary of his stay on the Bukhara throne. In addition, he was in Kiev, Odessa, Ekaterinoslava, Baku, Tiflis, Batum, Sevastopol, Bakhchisarai. Almost every summer ADA Al-Ahad rested in the Caucasus, on mineral waters, or in the Crimea, in Yalta, where he built a palace himself (in Soviet times there was a sanatorium "Uzbekistan").

This is how Seid-Abdul-Ahad-Khan was described by Crimean newspapers: "Emir above average growth, for no more than 45 years old. Very well folded. Has a pleasant breast baritone; From under his snow-white Chalma, big black eyes glimpse, and his chin decorates a small salad beard. Good ride. It has an extraordinary physical strength ... "

Emir Bucharsky loved to reward even for minor services or just like him to him. Nothing amazing that when he regularly began to drive in Yalta, many prominent citizens were able to put the orders of the "Golden Star of Bukhara", which generously distributed Emir. One of the most curious stories related to similar award occurred in the Yusupov family. They often visited Emir Bukhara in Yalta, and he came to Coreiz several times. During one of these visits, a primary generation representative, Felix Yusupov, decided to demonstrate the Parisian novelty for the drawing: cigars were served on the dish, and when the emir and his retinue began to decorate them, tobacco suddenly caught fire and ... began to shoot fireworks. The scandal was terrible - not only because the high guest was in a funny position, first, after all, the guests, and homemade who did not know about the draw, decided that the ruler of Bukhara was an attempt. But after a few days, Emir Bucharsky himself celebrated reconciliation with Yusupov-younger ... awarding it with the Order with diamonds and rubies.
The Lord of Bukhara was often located in Livadia, when the imperial family came there, as well as in Suk-Su, from Olga Mikhailovna Solovyva. It is a magical beauty of the place (now it is part of the Artek children's camp), Emir of Bukhara just conquered. He even wanted to buy it and offered a hostess for the cottage of 4 million rubles - huge money at that time, but Olga Solovyov did not agree to part with Suku-Su.

Nothing amazing that, having loved the southern coast of Crimea, Emir Bucharasky decided to build a private palace here. He managed to buy a plot in Yalta, where the garden was laid and a magnificent building was built (it was subsequently one of the corps of the sanatorium for the Black Sea Fleet sailors). Interestingly, it was first planned to give an order for the construction of a famous Nikolay Krasnov, thanks to which South Coast was decorated with many architectural pearls. In the Foundations of Alupkinsky Palace-Museum, two sketches have been preserved and estimates to them, made red for Emir Bukhara. One is an Italian villa, the second is the eastern palace with stale windows and the eastern ornament. But whether both options did not like the Bukhara ruler, or he wanted to support the urban architect Yalta Tarasova, who knew well, but the palace began to build the latter. The building with dips, towers and arbors really decorated Yalta, Emir himself called the estate "Dilkiso", which means "charming". It survived and the bustling lord, and the Chaos of the Civil War, in which many estates did not survive, he was burned in 1944. Nazis, but still, this memory of the emir of Bukharsky in Yalta was preserved.
Becoming a seasonal inhabitant of Yalta, Seid-Abdul-Ahad-Khan immediately became interested in the public life of the city: in the "Society of Assistance to Insufficient Pupils and Pupilians of Yalta Gymnasiums", sacrificed the money "Society for helping the poor Tatars of the South Coast" was interested in the preservation of the antiquities of the Crimea, several times was Participant of exhibitions of animal husbandry. The fact is that the high position did not interfere with the Emir of Bukhara to be an expert on the sheephood, his herds of doodle sheep were the best in his homeland, he personally traded Karakul, delivering about a third of the product to the world market.
In 1910, he built a city free hospital for coming patients. It was a very generous gift to the city, in a large two-story house there were laboratories, rooms for employees, surgical and gynecological offices, reception per hundred people. On the eve of the opening of the hospital, he once again inflicted a visit to the family of Nikolai II in Livadia to ask the highest enforcement to call the hospital with the name of Cesarevich Alexey. Emir Bukharsky was for many years for Yalta a peculiar symbol of generosity, he was elected for merits to the city with an honorary citizen and even called him named one of the streets.
By the way, and many other cities, not only in the Crimea, it was for what to thank Emir Bukhara - in St. Petersburg, for example, he built a cathedral mosque, which cost him half a million rubles. During the Russian-Japanese war of 1905, Seid-Abdul-Ahad-Khan donated a million gold rubles to the construction of a warship, which was called Emir Buhar. The life of this ship was stormy, but shortly: during the revolution, the crew went to the side of the Bolsheviks, then fought at the Caspiani (by that time he was renamed "Jacob Sverdlov") and in 1925 it was cut on metal.

Under the emir ABA Al-Ahad in Khanate, torture was canceled and mortal executions were limited, and the most cruel kinds of them (for example, when convicts were discharged from the highest in Bukhara. Pretty Kalyan) were prohibited. With it, industrial production of copper, iron, gold was launched in Khanate, railways and telegraph lines were laid, trade was actively developed. Emir himself actively participated in the trade of Karakul, ranking third in the world market in terms of trading operations with this valuable raw material. According to some reports, about 27 million rubles in the Russian State Bank was kept on the personal accounts of Emir in the Russian State Bank, and about 7 million more in private commercial banks of Russia.

Emir Bukhara Seid Abdul-Ahad Khan at the celebration of the Mosque Bookmarks in St. Petersburg on February 3, 1910. Next to Emir - the head of the Muslim clergy Ahun G. Bayazitov. By photograph K. Bulla

Much attention ADA Al-Ahad paid to the armed forces of his Khanate. Even in the young years, Beck Kerman, he personally engaged in the carriest carriser and kept the Kermin fortress in an excellent condition that the Russian officers visited him. During one of these visits, the emir wished to see the construction of the Cossack convoy, who accompanied the Russian embassy, \u200b\u200bmeaning to adopt Russian experience. Returning from a trip to Russia in 1893, in Ashgabat, Emir saw the Turkmen police trained by Russians, and did not give anything for a teaching Cossacks. It was then, according to his own words, he occurred to him the idea of \u200b\u200bthe need to reorganize the Bukhara army, which he carried out two years later. And in the future, Emir did a lot to improve military training and armament of his troops: for example, bypassing the solutions of the Russian government, which imposed the restrictions on the supply of small arms in Bukhara, Emir bought rifles for his soldiers through Russian merchants.

All Russian authors who wrote about the emir noted his active charitable activities. For example, in 1892, an emir donated 100 thousand rubles for victims of disasters in various fields of the Russian Empire, and in 1904, during the Russian-Japanese war, allocated 1 million rubles for the needs of the Russian fleet. Realized ABD al-ahad material assistance and the 5th Orenburg Cossack shelf, whose chief he was, and once presented several ancient gold coins for the collection of the Turkestan archaeological circle. Emir was an honorary member of the Turkestan Charitable Society. In a special place for Emir there was care about the affairs of the Muslim faith. So, transferred to them in the VACF in favor of the shrines of Mecca and media ownership brought up to 20 thousand rubles of annual income, and at the beginning of the 30s Abd Al-Ahad sacrificed several thousand rubles gold to the construction of the Hijaz Railway (then his nearest courtiers allocated 150 thousand rubles for the same purpose). Under it, the number of uglings in Bukhara increased from 500 to 1500 people, and the income from special vaccuses were intended for their content.

Finally, a completely exceptional role was played by Emir in the construction of a Muslim mosque in St. Petersburg - the largest mosque in Europe. -Abd Al-Ahad not only achieved the permission to build a mosque from the royal government, but also donated 350 thousand rubles for the redemption of the land plot for construction and another 100 thousand - on the construction itself. In addition, he organized fundraising for this purpose among the Bukhar merchants (more than 200 thousand rubles were collected).
As if answering the courtesy and attention to Emir Bukhara, the authorities of St. Petersburg and Russian Muslims even timed the date of bookmarks of the mosque to the 25th anniversary of the Board of Abdul Ahad-Khan. This is what the St. Petersburg Popular Magazine "Niva" tells us (№8 for 1910).

"The third February among Muslims living in our capital was a big holiday: a solemn laying of the first mosque took place on this day. In St. Petersburg there are several thousand Tatars and other innerians of Magometan religion, but so far they have not had their temple and were forced to hire private premises. For many years they dreamed of a mosque, but did not have the opportunity to fulfill this dream, there were no funds for the purchase of the necessary land and the construction of a decent building. Open a few times ago, the All-Russian subscription (collection of donations. - Editorial note) Although I delivered some funds to Muslims for this, but still insufficient. And only the generous gift of Emir Bukharskoggo, who came to St. Petersburg, immediately moved the case and gave the St. Petersburg Mohametan. The opportunity to create a church with the capital for himself.

The laying of the mosque took place in the presence of Emir Bukharaskago and was timed to the 25-year anniversary of his board. The site of building a mosque was elected section of the land in the crowning prospectus, near the Trinity Bridge, and on the day of the celebration there was a special tent with an input portion in an East Asian style. Tent, portico and all the place around were decorated with flags. The foundation of the mosque was already erected earlier, and it was cooked on it (for a particular model) Place for the official bookmark, where traditional hammer and a blade were lying, a silver mortgage board and white marble bricks. There were special shields with Arab inscriptions from the Qur'an.
Almost the entire Muslim world of the capital gathered for the celebration of the mosque's bookmark. (...) The celebration began with the prayer and speech of Ahun Bayazitov. In his speech, Bayazitov said. By the way, the following: "Koran says:" God is beautiful and loves beauty. " Our mosque will be beautiful and will serve as a glory architecture and the red city. Such a mosque will be in St. Petersburg, there is neither in Paris or in London. The mosque is beautiful, it is not necessary that she shines not with one outer beauty, and it is necessary to pray for Allah, so that this mosque reproduces us in spiritual and moral beauty. "

At the end of the speech, Ahuna, Emir Bucharsky rose to the place of bookmark and put the first stone. After the reception of deputies from the Muslim parishes of the capital began, from Kronstadt, Moscow, from the Caucasus, etc. And then in the office of the construction, a breakfast with toasts and speeches took place, and the lemonade was served instead of champagne. The first toast Emir proclaimed in Russian for the sovereign of the emperor - and in response, "Hurray" ... ".

As the publication wrote, Emir was completely happy and very happy how his population of St. Petersburg took. Lean, he stated that "in this joyful for him, like a Muslim, a day, donates 5,000 rubles for the poor capital."

Cathedral Mosque of St. Petersburg, modern view

Another rather unexpected barcode to the portrait of Emir - Abd Al-Ahad seriously fond of poetry. He was not only a large admirer of elegant literature, but also amounted to the "sofa" of his own poems, which described the events and sentiment experienced by him, especially during trips to Russia. Emir poems wrote Under the pseudonym other (weak, helpless).

Emir Bucharsky had the Russian court rank of General Adutanta, was the General-Cavalry of the Russian Service, an apparent Ataman of the Cossack Cossack troops, the chief of the 5th Orenburg Cossack regiment. He wore the title "Highness" and was awarded all Russian orders to the Higher Imperial Order of St. Andrew and Charge with Chain inclusive, as well as the Order of the Italian crown of 1 degree, the French orders of the Honorary Legion and the Large Officer Cross and others.

Contemporaries in different ways were assessed by the personality and the activities of Zmir Abd Al-Ahad. Most Russian authors called him a "sincere friend of Russia", "cautious and thoughtful politics." However, there were also those who believed that "those features that are attributed to Russians who do not know what he actually is completely alien to his character, in many ways to be extremely cruel and not tolerating any contradictions and innovations."

Emir died on the night from December 22 to December 23, 1910 in Kerman, perhaps from kidney disease. Some authors believed that the death of Emir was brought over the experiences about the bloody clashes, which occurred in Bukhara between Shiites to Sunnites in 1910. Abd Al-Ahad had four sons. Two of them - Seyid Mir-Hussein (born in 1888 or 1884) and Seyid Mir Abdallah, who in 1888 Emir intended to go to school to St. Petersburg, - Died in 1889 from diphtheria (or malaria ). Mladishi Son - Seyid Mir-Ibrahim - Born in 1903. The fourth son - Mir-Alim Khan became the last Emir of Bukhara.

Seyate Mir-Alim Khan (Trew-Jan), Emir Buhar, Rules in 1910 - 1920 g. The second son of Emir Abd Al-Ahad Mir-Alim was born on January 3, 1880 (according to other sources - in 1879). 0 His children's years we have almost nothing known.
In January 1893, Mir-Alim, together with his father, arrived in St. Petersburg, where an agreement was reached that the young Bukhara Prince would be determined for training in the Nikolaev Cadet Corps. Emir personally visited the corps, "where he met with the supervised persons of this top military-educational institution and spent some time with them about the education" Mir-Alima.

Then Alexander Sh, the Russian emperor, who was officially approved the world-Alima heir to the Bukhara throne. After receiving the paper about it from the Military Minister, Emir was serving on a trip around the country, and Mir-Alim remained in St. Petersburg under the supervision of his "uncle" Osman-Beck of Karaul-run and appointed by the emperor of the teacher of Colonel Demin.
When determining in the body, the emperor promised Emir that peace-alim will receive upbringing in strict accordance with the norms of Islam. Alexander personally identified the program of learning the heir to the Bukhara throne. However, in the future, the emir wished that his son's education was completed on the accelerated program by the summer of 1896 and that it limited to the study of Russian language and traditional items. Abd Al-Ahad did not want Tryu Jian to be especially acquired to the achievements of civilization and, in particular, studied astronomy and electricity.

In fifteen years, he took the position of Governor of Netup, having spent twelve years in it. The next two years he managed the northern province of Carmina, to the death of his father in 1910. In 1910, Emperor Nicholas II bestowed Hanu title Highness. In 1911, he was produced in the retinue of its imperial majesty Major General.

Asked the throne in 1910. The beginning of the board was promising: he announced that he did not accept gifts, and categorically banned officials and officials to take bribes from the people and use taxes for personal purposes. However, over time, the situation has changed. As a result, the intrigues of the supporters of reforms lost and were sent to Moscow and Kazan, and Alim-Khan continued the rule in the traditional style, strengthening the dynasty.
Among the famous people who were surrounded by Emir to the spring of 1917, was one of the first Uzbek generals of the royal army of Russia, Hydar Mirbadalev.

The house of Emir Bukhara was built on the money of Emir Bukhara in St. Petersburg. December 30, 1915 was produced in Lieutenant-General over the Terk Cossack army and was appointed General Adjutant.
He was awarded the orders of St. Alexander Nevsky and St. Vladimir (on the given color photography on the Emir coat, the star of this order with the motto "Benezing, Honor and Glory") was clearly visible.

Unlike his father, Mir-Alim was awarded the most derogatory characteristics of his contemporaries. Some authors said that he is "the personality is completely colorless, without any high requests," others even claimed that the last Mangyts Emir "was so unpleasant in his habits and vices, ... that the correct collection of material on his life is rather a matter of psychopathologists" .

On September 1, 1920, Emir Mir-Alim was overthrown from the throne as a result of the occupation of Bukhara parts of the Red Army. The emir ran first to the mountain buhara, where he tried to organize the resistance of a new government, and then to Afghanistan. Within almost 10 years, the overthrown Emir led the armed resistance on the territory of the former Khanate from Afghanistan. Mir-Alim died in Kabul.

Numerous offspring (about 300 people) scattered around the world: they live in the USA, Turkey, Germany, Afghanistan and other states [.

One of the sons of the Bukhara Emir Shakhmurad (accepted Olimov's surname) from the Father in 1929. He served in the Red Army, participated in the Great Patriotic War (on which he lost his leg), in the 1960s he taught at the Frunze Military Academy

Son Emir Bukharskago Said Alimhana General Major Shahmurad Olimov

Brothers Emir Abd Al-Ahad

Now it is almost impossible to say absolutely accurately, how many children were Emir Muzaffar Ad-Dina - Father Abd Al-Ahad. We managed to find data on eleven sons, however, it is known that he had a few more sons who were dead in his life, which is not known today.

Senior Son Emir Seyid Abd Al-Malik Mirza Kattaya Tyury (1848-1909) - was born from one of the four legitimate wives of Emir, Persian Khasa-Zuzrat, and was married to the daughter of the Afghan King Shir-Ali Khan. In the 60s G.G. The last century he held the position of Beck Guzara. In 1868, after the defeat of Emir's troops under Samarkand (it was the biggest battle with the Russians), tried to capture the throne of his father in Bukhara, but was broken and ran first to Karshi, where he had many supporters, and then, in December 1868 . - in Khiva. After that, he lived in Cashgary for some time, in the fortress Yangi-Hisar (1873), then in Kabul (1880), and finally settled in India, where he lived in English. Abd Al-Malik was considered a serious contender for the Bukhara throne, until the focus of Emir Abd Al-Ahad. Cattaya Tyury died in 1909 in Peshawar.

Second Son, Seyid Nur Ad-Dean-Khan (1851-1878), in 1867-1868 There was Beck Karshi, and then was appointed ruler of Charpawa. Muzaffar wanted to make this intelligent and talented young man heir to the throne, but he suddenly died.

Seyid Mir Abd Al-Mumul (1852-1898 or 1894) In 1869, he replaced his elder brother Nur Ad-Dina at the post of Bek Karshi, and then from 1871 to 1886 there was a governor of a large Beschy Hisar. After the top of Emir Abd Al-Ahad began to intrigue against him, for which in July 1886, a special decree of Emir was translated by Beck to Baysun, where he lived with his family in the fortress under the supervision of Emir agents. Beck he was only nominally - in fact, Vilayet managed officials appointed by Emir - and was actually a captive of Emir. In 1891, the representative of the Bukhara Government of AstanaKul Biy spoke to the Russian political agent P.Lesser that Abd Al-Mumin was going to flee to Afghanistan, another time - that the latter was damaged in the mind. However, according to Lesser, these rumors bloomed the dislike of brother Emir specifically in order to divide with Abd Al-Mumin (even rumored about a possible execution). Emir feared that his brother could run into Russian possessions, where he would be inadequate for him.

Finally, in 1891, ABD Al-Mumin was called to Bukhara and walked in Ark, where he was kept under house arrest until his death. The children of Abd Al-Muse continued to live at home at home until 1920. Personal printing of his son Ii'Matullah is kept in the funds of the Bukhara historical and local history museum in Ark.

The favorite son of Emir Muzaffard was Seyid Abd Al-Fatti Mirza (1856/57 - 1869). In 1869, he was sent by Emir to the Honorary Embassy in St. Petersburg. The embassy, \u200b\u200bwhich was headed by the brother of his wife Emir Abu Al-Kasim Biy and whose secretary was the writer Ahmad Dony, was lucky gifts to the Russian emperor. Abd Al-Fattah stayed in St. Petersburg from the beginning of November to December 10 and was adopted by Emperor Alexander II.

Muzaffar Ad-Dean intended to ask the emperor to approve Abd Al-Fatthah as the heir to the Bukhara throne, however, this young prince suddenly died.

Seyid Mir-ABD AS-Samat (beginning of the 60s -?), Sixth Son Muzaffara (the fifth was ABD al-Ahad), in 1880 there was Beck Chirachi. He was given by the Father under the full supervision of the local judge - for indiscreet behavior and waste. Before you visited it in 1882, the Russian officer V. Kretovsky appeared "a thin young man about 20 years old, still oblivion and bezleless and very similar to his younger brother Seyid Mir-Mansur." The Cross noted that "the emir was disliked for the directness, and even the extent in Shahrysybze, did not call chicchati." Did not complain his brother and EMir Abd Al-Ahad. On the night of September 4, 1886, the Mir-abd As-Samat was arrested and sent to Bukhara. In the future, he lived in the capital, in the quarter of Khoja Gafur under the "home arrest."

Seyid Muhammad Mir Siddik Khan (Hishmat) Since 1871 was Beck Karshi. After the death of Nur Ad-Dina in 1878, Muzaffar Ad-Dean appointed him to Bete Charzuya. In 1885, after the top of the ABA Al-Ahad, Mir-Siddik Khan, as well as the other Brothers Emir, got into opal: he was deprived of his post and recalled from Chard. Bukhara Sanovnik Muhammad Sharif Inak told the Russian political agent Charykov, that Siddik-Khan for the depraved behavior wanted to withdraw even Emir Muzaffar. In 1885, he was arrested, then released, but in the end was placed in the Bukhara ARC, where he spent many years in his home conclusion. Recent years lived in Bukhara in Raugharon's quarter, and in 1920 emigrated to Afghanistan.

Having left the political arena, the world-Sididik-Khan dedicated himself to literary activities. Being a rather mediocre poet, he at the same time was a major connoisseur of literature, the author of several unfinished Tazkira. In the archives of the Institute of Oriental Studies of Uzbekistan, about 30 manuscripts of his works are stored.

Another brother Abd Al-Ahada - Seyid Mir-Akram-Khan was the only one of the sons of Muzaffard, who did not lose his post after the top of ADA al-Ahad. Appointed by Musar's Muzaffare, he remained at least 1908 in this post. The fact that one of the daughters Abd Al-Ahad was married to the nephew of the son of Mir-Akram-Khan's nephew of the Son of Mir-Akram-Khan was also talking about favor.

Seyate Mir-Mansur (1863-March 1918), the Ninth Son of Muzaffard, from the second half of the 70s. Last century lived in Russia, in St. Petersburg, where he studied in the Page Corps. Together with him in the capital of the Russian Empire, his educator of Mirza ADA ABD Al-Vasi Toxaba was located in the capital: during these years, Petersburgers often met the young Bukhara Prince, walking along with her educator in the Garden of the Mikhailovsky Palace.

When entering the Corps, Mir-Mansur received a gold watch with a monogram of Emperor Alescanda P, which he kept until his last day. According to the highest command of December 15, 1876, the royal rulite on the maintenance of the Mir-Mansur and his educator, from which 310 rubles were issued personally by the Mirzi ABD Al-Vasi for the payment of apartments and flowsters. According to teachers' reviews, Mir-Mansour He studied "decently" and had a good behavior - "Successes in the sciences of it are very favorable." When he studied in the III class, he was freed from the study of the German language, which he was with difficulty. The liberated time was devoted to the strengthened study of other European languages, as well as the native language and Muslim religious literature.

In the summer of 1881, Mir-Mansur traveled to rest in Crimea and Odessa, in September 1882 visited the Father in Bukhara, from where he returned to December with gifts from Emir.

In the last years of stay in the Pajes Corps, the educator at the Mir-Mansur was Mirza Nasrallah Biy Toksab, who, according to contemporaries, spoken Russian very well.

April 13, 1886, after the end of the Page Corps, Mir-Mansur was produced into the corps and appointed in the 3rd Draguns of the Sumy Regiment to Moscow. In addition to the usual officer content, Mir-Mansur annually received 2400 rubles from Emir Abd al-Ahad. In 1892, Mir-Mansur had the title of Lieutenant. Together with the officers of the Sumy Regiment in December 1892, he organized a picnic, and the honor of Emir Abd Al-Ahad, who was traveling in Moscow. In 1895, Mir-Mansur was already headquartered by Rothmistrome, and in 1899, in the same rank, he quit from the regiment. The royal government paid his debts and appointed a lifelong pension to him.

After that, for several years, Mir-Mansour continued to live in Russia. He was married to the princess Sophier Ivanovna Tsereteli, they had several children. The eldest son, Nikolai Mikhailovich Tsereteli (about 1890 g birth) in the twenties was one of the leading actors of the Tairov Chamber Theater in Moscow, the main partner of the famous actress Alice Koonen. In 1906, he, together with his father, came to Bukhara, where he visited his grandmother. The very Son Mir-Mansur was a military. He consisted in Russian military service, was awarded several Russian orders. He died in March 1918 during the storming Kerman. In addition, the Mir-Mansur had another daughter and the younger sons of George and Valery, the youngest daughter Tamara.

After returning to Bukhara, Mir-Mansur was appointed Beck Kerman. In March 1918, during the so-called wheel events, when the parts of the Tashkent Socialist Army captured Kermina, breaking the five thousandth of Bek's squad, Mir-Mansur was mortally wounded and captured together with his wife, three young children and their teacher.

Mir-Mansur was buried in Kargan's Kargan, with the assistance of Emir Mir-Alim Khan. All property of his family (ranging from orders, dear weapons, family jewels and ending with the "capital" of Marx, who belonged to the children's teacher) was plundered. In September 1918, S.I. Chereter, the widow of the Mir-Mansur, received from the Bukhara government as a compensation for the damage to the damage of 200 thousand rubles (for the upbringing of three young children), and another 100 thousand rubles for the origin.

About the last two brothers Abd Al-Ahad knows quite a bit. The first of them is Seyid Mir-Azim-Khan - at the beginning of the 20th century lived in the Bukhara Arch, not having the right to leave it. The second - Seyid Mir-Nasir-Khan (born about 1869) was also kept in the arc under the "home arrest." Emir Alim Khan issued his daughter for his son -Arabian. However, they did not produce anyone from the arch. Nasir Khan lived in the arch until 1920. During the years of the Bukhara People's Republic, he was a member of the Historical Society of Bukhara. His Peru owns the written "History of the Bukhara Arch", written in 1921. In 1922, Nasir-Khan went to Afghanistan.

Courtesome

Muhammad Sharif Inak (OK.1837-1888) was one of the highest dignitaries of the Bukhara Khanate. Under the emir of Muzaffare, he served the post of main chatter ("Minister of Fnnas") and Governor Bukhara. He was the son of one of the most approximate Sanovniki Muzaffard Mullah Muhammadi-Bia and the former Slave of Emir.

The fourth right is Muhammad Sharif Inak. Photo Orde, end of the 1880s.

Mullah Muhammadi Biy (1811 or 1813-1889), PERS by origin, went away from the slave (he was bought by Emir Nasrallah) before the head of the Bukhara Administration: he served as Kushbui ("Prime Minister"). He until the last hour was near the dying Emir of Muzaffar, took part in the rite of raising on the back of the new Emir - Abd al-Ahad. Muhammadi Biy continued to occupy the post of Kushbuga and at Abd Al-Ahad until his death.
After opening in Bukhara, the Russian Imperial Political Agency Muhammad Sharif Inak, continuing to remain the main chatter, was responsible for the relationship between the Bukhara government and the political agent. The political agent of Russia Charykov responded to him very flattering.

In 1888, Muhammad Sharif on the orders of Emir appeared to the official Gaib Nazaur, so that for some misdemeanor to confiscate his property, but was killed by the last shot from the revolver. His killer, according to an old custom, was issued to relatives and servants of the murdered and they would be subjected to death after a long torture.

Under Emir ABD Al-Ahad, important state posts also occupied the sons of Muhammad Sharif: Astanakul Biy, Mir-Haydarkul-Beck Biy and Latif-Beck. Haydarkul-Beck Biy Dadha in 1888 was appointed Beseca Charjua. During the departure of his older brother of Astanakul-Biy with Emir to Russia in 1893, he replaced him as a major creepy. In 1902, he along with Emir traveled to St. Petersburg. At the post of governor, Charjua Haydarkul remained at least 1902. Then he performed the responsibilities of Khazinachi (State Treasurer). In the case of his ability from Bukhara, he was replaced by the younger brother of Latif Beck.

AstanaKul-Bii Dadha is one of the most famous Sanovnikov Bukhara in the time of Emir Abd Al-Ahad, the grandson of Kushbay Mullah Muhammadi-Bia and the son of Muhammad Sharif. Already in 1882, Astanakul Biy was Beck Karshi. V. Krestovsky wrote it in Karshi wrote that in appearance he was then about 20 years old, it was "a very young man, not only very beautiful, but also pleasant outdoor, with a small dark beard, a healthy frowning face, an open smile and Good brown eyes. "

On November 15, 1885, Astanakul Biy was appointed a new emir to the post of governor of Charphuya, the most important post in the provincial administration of Khanate, instead of the brother Siddik-Khan in opal. After the murder in 1888, his father Muhammad Sharif Emir, according to the historian AS-Sam, "for its grace the royal order appointed his son, Astanaquli Biu Sofanbegie. Position, Chin and service, which only he wanted, and even better than he wished. " Then Astana acquired the rank of Inak and the position of the main cake, which before him occupied by his father. Just like his father, he communicated between the Bukhara government and the Russian political agency, on behalf of the Emir, signed various official protocols, agreements, etc., negotiated on various issues. In the future, he held at the same time the posts of Cook and Kushbui, while maintaining these posts until 1910, when he was shifted by the heir to the throne Mir-Alim Khan.
The reason for the displacement was the permission of Astanakul Bukhara Shiites openly celebrate the religious holiday of Ashura, which led to the bloody Sunni-Shiite carne, which lasted in Bukhara for several days and stopped only thanks to the introduction to the city of Russian troops.

Astanakul Biy more than once accompanied Emir on his trips to Russia (for example, in 1893 and 1903). He was awarded many Bukhar and Russian orders.

Emir Abd Al-Ahad, heir to the throne Mir-Alim and Sweet Emir in the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. Stand: The third left-Astankul-beyari, the fourth on the right - Dorbin-Biy Kul Kushbay, the extreme right - S.R.asfendiars. Photo V. V. Soloin, January 1893 (Winter Palace, St. Petersburg)

Ride Emir to St. Petersburg in 1393. The Emir's trip to Russia in 1393 had a specific goal - he was brought with him the heir to the throne of the world-Alim Khan, who intended to determine for study.

Going on the trip, Emir instructed the management of all cases to the Council out of three persons - Kaza Kalyan (chief judge), the commandant of Arch and Sercordar. In addition to the main coins of AstanaKul-Biya, the Emir retinue was somewhat the highest Sanovniks of Khanate, including Dorbin Biy Kushbi, Persian by origin, which in childhood was bought by Emir and went away from the slave to one "of the most close faces to Emir." According to V. Krestovsky, in 1832 he was in fifty years (according to some reports, he was born in 1827), he had rank Inak and held one of the high courtiers. With ABB Al-Ahad, he did not occupy any specific position, but he participated in the institution of Kaznaya, and also always accompanied Emir on travels. He was awarded several Russian orders.

In addition, with the person of Emir, there was a large staff of the servants, as well as the personal firstborn of the Turkestan Governor General Rotmista S.R.asfendiares (in the future - Colonel; Sh.asfendiars often visited Bukhara with various persons of a diplomatic nature) and a Russian doctor.

Having left the railway from Chardjua, the Emir with a retinue on December 27, 1892 arrived in Moscow, where he met with his brother Mir-Mansur. Arriving in Petersburg, Emir stopped in the Winter Palace. Accompanied by Astana Bia and S.R.asfendiarov, he put visits, visited theaters, daily visited in the bath, and he himself took visitors, met with Emperor Alexander III. After completing the negotiations on the formation of the world-Alim Khan and leaving him in St. Petersburg, Emir through Odessa and Tiflis returned to Bukhara.

Becia

[...] Emir often changed Becks, and now it is almost impossible to say with accuracy, who is exactly depicted on a particular archive photo. We have detailed information only about Beck Hisar - Astanakul-Beck Biy Kuli Kushbay.

He was one of the most high-ranking dignitaries of Khanate at Emir Abd Al-Ahade. The son of Abbas-Biya, Vesil Emir Nasrashalha, and the summary brother of Emir Muzaffara, Astanakul-Beck Biy, while the father's life occupied high posts, and after the death of his father reached the highest ranks and posts, so that some of his contemporaries were titled his "refuge of hope" title sovereign.

In 1882, Astana Bek Biy had Chin Parvanachi and served as a governor of Shahrisbz. V. Krestovsky wrote it this year, that it was "an important person, good-natured-simple, friendly, but essentially indifferent to everything in the world, besides himself and his sovereign, who is obviously very devoted. In all the character of his outfit, somehow immediately affected that this man is not only a smart, but also knows the price. "

In 1882, Astana Bek Biy was accompanied by a trip to Moscow of the future Emir Abd Al-Ahad. In 1885, he traveled to St. Petersburg as a personal emergency envoy of Emir Muzaffara, where he met with Emperor Alexander III. In the days of the diseases of Muzaffar Ad-Dina, together with Mullah Muhammadi Bii, actually carried out the supreme power in Khanate. After transferring in 1886 from Hisar to Baysun, Emir Abd Al-Mumin A Ambd Abd Al-Mumin Aktnakul Beck Biy was appointed by the governor of the XiSari Vilayet. Under his control there were also Darwas, Kulyab and Kararategin.

In 1887, he received the highest rank - atalyk, and therefore his bestern was expanded: five more counties were joined. It should be noted that with the last Bukhara Emires, no one in the Khanate except Astana-Beck Biya had no rank of atalyk.

According to V.I. Lipsky, who visited Hisar in 1896, AstanKul-Beck Biy was not only a more nonest, but also "the richest man in all Bukhara. In addition to gold and silver (his last sleeved bags in the basements), he had herd of horses, herd of sheep. His herds met in the summer in remote places in the mountains, even in the Russian limits. " ("Turkestan Vedomosti", №183, 1907)

Astanakul Beck Biy remained Beck Chisara until his rank in 1906. After his death, his body was taken out of Hisar and buried in the family mausoleum of Mangyt Emirov - Mazare Hazrat Imam, located on the Cemetery of Imam's Ima near Bukhara.

Sources, Literature, Definal Editions

1. Ayney, Sadreddin, memories, (per. With Tajik A. Townfeld), M.-L., 1960
2. Razbanko G.A., leisure in Turkestan, 1874-1889, S.PB., 1889
3. Andreev M.S., Chekhovich OD, Ark Bukhara, Dushanbe, 1972
4. Arapov D.Yu., Bukhara Khanation in Russian oriental historiography, M., 1981
5. Bartold V.V., History of the cultural life of Turkestan, - Works, T.II, M., 1963
6. Berg Ya., History Bukhara, - Moscow Vedomosti, 1892, №360
7. Bukhara and Afghanistan in the early 80s. XIX century (Magazines of Commanders G.A. Serendarenko), M., 1974
8. Bukhara Mercury, - Turkestan Vedomosti, Tashkent, 1915, №42
9. G.Vambury, History of Bohara and Transoxani from ancient time to this, S.PB., 1873
10. Gasprinsky I., Accurate translation of the diary of his Lightness Emir Bukharskago., Kazan, 1894
11. Geyer I.I., the whole Russian Turkestan, Tashkent, 1908
12. Jijikhia A., about the latest events in Bukhara (January 9-12, 1910), military compilation, S.PB., №5, 1910
13. Donish A., Travel from Bukhara to St. Petersburg, Dushanbe, 1976
14. Donis, Ahmed, History of Mangitsky Dynasty, Dushanbe, 1967
15. Iskandarov B.I., Bukhara (1918-1920), Dushanbe, 1970
16. Iskandars B.I., Eastern Bukhara and Pamir in the periport of the accession of Central Asia to Russia, Stalinabad, 1960
17. Iskandarov B.I., from the history of the Bukhara Emirate (Eastern Bukhara and the West Pamir at the end of the XIX century), M., 1958 18. History of Bukhara from ancient times to the present day, Tashkent, 1976
19. History of the Uzbek SSR, TI, Book 2, Tashkent, 1957 20. History of the Uzbek SSR, T.II, Tashkent, 1968
21. Kamalov U.Kh., Muzaffarov A.A., Saakov V.G., Bukhara. Travel Guide., Tashkent, 1973
22. Cross V.V., visiting Emir Bukharsky, S.PB., 1887
23. Kurbanov G.N., Bukhara press XVIII-Nach.XX V.V., Tashkent, 1987
24. Lessar P.M., South-West Turkmenistan (Land of Sarykov and Saloors), S.PB., 1885 - Izvestia Imperial Russian Geographical Society, XXI, 1885
25. Logoet, in a forgotten country. Travel essays in Central Asia, M., 1912
26. Lunin B.V., from the history of Russian oriental studies and archeology in Turkestan. - Turkestan archeology lovers circle (1895-1917), Tashkent, 1958
27. Maji A.E., to the history of the last two decades of the Bukhara Khanate, is the news of the An Taj. SSR, Branch of Public Sciences, 2 (29), Dushanbe, 1962
28. Masalsky V.I., Turkestan Territory, S.PB., 1913
29. Meyendorf E.K., Journey from Orenburg to Bukhara, M., 1975
30. Nechaev A.V., on Mountain Bukhara. Path essays, S.PB., 1914
31. Overcoming on the throne of Muzaff-Khan and about the rite of raising on the cat, - "Turkestan Vedomosti", 1878, №28
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34. Rock-Ten, mortal executions in Bukhara, - "Turkestan courier", 1910, №189
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37. Semenov A.A., Bukhara Treatise on the ranks and titles and the obligations of their carriers in Medieval Bukhara, - Soviet Oriental Science, T.V, 1948
38. Semenov A.A., Sketch of the device of the central administrative Bukhara Khanndi of the Latest Time (works of the Academy of Sciences Taj.Svr, vol. Asia, vol. 2, Stalinabad, 1954
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Archival documents:

I. Office of the Turkestan Governor General, - Central State Issrical Archive of the UzSSSR, Fund No. I-1, Inventory No. 29
II. Office of the Turkestan Governor General, - Central State Istritical Archive of the UzSSR, Fund No. I-1, Inventory No. 34
III. The Russian Imperial Political Agency in Bukhara, - Central State Extrum Archive of the Uzssr, Fund No. I-3, Inventory No. 1
IV. Russian Imperial Political Agency in Bukhara, - Central State Extrum Archive of the Uzssr, Foundation No. I-3, Inventory No. 2
V. Kushbay Office Emir Bukharasky, - Central State Istritical Archive of the UzSSR, Fund No. I-126, Inventory No. 1 (Book 1)
Vi. The Office of Emir Bukhara Kushbay, - Central State Istritical Archive of the Uzssr, Fund No. I-126, Inventory No. 2 (Book 1)

Photo archives

a) St. Petersburg branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS (St. Petersburg)
b) Russian Geographical Society (St. Petersburg) c) Institute of History of Material Culture (St. Petersburg) d) National Jarhiv Cinema-Photo Currents of the Uzbek SSR (Tashkent)
e) Bukhar Regional Museum of Local Lore (Bukhara)

ADDITION

State Device of the Bukhara Emirate
Material from Wikipedia

The head of state was Emir (PERS. امیر), who possessed unlimited power over his subjects.

Islambek Kushbugi - Minister Bukhara. Foto Orda, 1894

Public affairs ruled Kushbui (Turk. قوشبیگی), a kind of prime minister. The entire ruling class of the Bukhara Emirates was divided into government officials of the secular rank - Amaldarov (Pers. عملدار) and spiritual - Ulam (Pers. علما). The latter ranked scientists - theologists, lawyers, teachers of the madrasa, etc. Pieces received ranks from Emir or Khan (Mong. خان), and the spiritual were erected at a particular title or san. The secular ranks were fifteen, and the spiritual - four.

In administratively, the Bukhara Emirate at the beginning of the XX century. It was divided into 23 Beschy (Pers. بیکیگرى) and 9 fogs (Mong. تومان). Until the last quarter of the XIX century. Kararate and Darwaz were independent shares, managed by local rulers - Shahmi (Pers. شاه). In Kararate, in the period under review, there were five amliacarities (PERS. املاک داری), in Darwaz - seven. Annexing Karategin and Darwaz, Bukhara Emirate transformed them into Bekstvo (PERS. بیکیگرى), who were managed by the appointed Bukhai officials - Beks (Turk. بیک). Bekam, in turn subordanely submitted cough (Turk. دیوان بیگی), Yasaulbashi (Turk. یساولباشی), Kurbashi (Turk. قورباشی), Kazi (Arab. قاضی) and Rais (Arab. رئیس).

Most of the population was a submissive estate - Fukar (Arab. فقرا). The ruling class was represented by a land-feudal one who has grown around the local ruler. This class with local ruler was called Sararkard (PERS. سرکرده) or Navskar (Mong. نوکر), and during the Bukhara dominion - sipahs (Pers. سپاهی) or Amaldar (Pers. عملدار). In addition to the two specified classes (rich and poor), there was a numerous social layer, freed from taxes and duties: Mullah, Muludarries, Imams, Mirza, and others.

Each buckstone was divided into several small administrative units - an amley (Arab. املاک) and Mirhazar (PERS. میرهزار), at the head of which there were amliaacders (Pers. املاک دار) and Mirhazara (Pers. میرهزار). The lower rank of rural administration was Arbab (Arab. ارباب - Old Tower), usually one for each village.

There were four shares on the West Pamire. Each mine was divided into administrative units called the garden (PERS. صده - a hundred) or Pandja (Pers. پنجه - five). Shugann and Rushan shared each each. At the head of each garden or Panja stood Aksakal (Turk. آقسقال - Elder), and in smaller administrative units - Arbab or Mirdhi (Pers. میرده). The entire population of Pyanja Verkhovyev shared in a hundreds of two main categories: the ruling class and the apparent class, called the rayate (Arab. رییت) or Fukar. The next, lower category of the ruling class was the service class - Navkar or Chakar, who were chosen and appointed by the world or Shah from people who had military and administrative abilities.

Recent tragedy in Bukhara
(Information about the episode described below is collected by us personally, into bending our in Bukhara, in June last year.)
Historic Bulletin, No. 5. 1892

"If anyone offends you, offend him, how he offends us."
Quran, chapter II, verse 190.

The endlessly large alone, which separates us still in everyday, public and religious and moral terms from our nearby neighbors in the distant east. The Quran and Sharia, which make up the only basis for beliefs and the concepts of Muslims of Muslims of Central Asia, are a wall that protects them from the trend and influence of civilization. Limited on our territory, in its nearest use, the sphere of religious shipments and autonomy of the People's Court, Islam-suffochecias find a wide scope for their development on the ground, neighboring us, semi-dependent Khantsi Bukhara, Khiva and their refuge in the language and religion of Afghanistan. State and social system of these countries, religion, life of the people, thermal, customs, legal proceedings and education - all this follows from the two mains began Islam: the Quran and Sharia. These two creations of the Great Muslim Prophet and its closest followers constitute the only two truths to this afternoon, in which the Moometanin of Central Asia believes, with which he lives and from which all his everyday wisdom draws.

Numerous and influential Muslim clergy with all their forces supports the charm of the religious ideas of Islam. Jealously guarding the above millennium back, under their influence, state and social system from any modern innovations, it is a powerful opponent with the new ideas that a wide wave poured into Central Asia from Europe through the open gate of the Turkestan Territory. It seems to fully achieve its goals, because the Muslim world remains, in which the Muslim world remains, stretches to such an extent that even the powerful influence of Russia, in conjunction with the good desire of the rulers of Hangey, it is sometimes impossible to change in their An internal number of one or another condition created by the millennial traditions of Islam.

Strange, almost incredible for our time, an anachronism is these burning foci of religious fanaticism, who have learned ideas and outdated traditions!

We cannot not welcome the noticeable desire to make the ideas of state and public order, education and humanity, which has recently been especially felt in our politics in the distant east lately. Without, doubt, these are just the first attempts to implement the high-imaginary task, which, contrary to the assurances of our rivals of the British, Russia has completely disinterestedly pursues the peoples of Central Asia.

At the same time, it is desirable that the tragic episode gives us below in the history of the reign of Emir Seid-Abdul-Ahahat-Khan, noble motives and the good intentions of which are not subject to doubt.

__________________________

Several years ago, the primary value between the state ranks of the Bukhara Khanate was the name of the Persian Limits of Persian descent, which consisted of the elderly Kush-run Mullah Mehmet Biya (the title of Kush-run, in its inner value in Bukhara Khanate, can be equivalent to We have a minister of foreign affairs and chairman of the State Council. It is associated, at the same time, with the title of Governor Bukhara and the commandant of the Palace of Emir. Higher position in Bukhara "Atalyk" remains unsubstituted since the time of Emir Narr-Ullach, who was at the last time atall of the master of the master of Shahrzyab . (Murza-Shameman-Bukhari, Notes, Ave. 13, p. 60)), his son, the main Bukhara Zyukekchi Muhamed-Sharif-sofa-run (the title of Sofa-run can be equated to the title of State Secretary; Position of the Chief Zyakechka - By the post of Minister of Finance and Head of Kaznaya and the House of Emir.), And grandson, Beka Chargui, Astanakul-Inaka (Beck - Head of the City and Premiate Inituing district of Inac-railing county, equal to the rank of colonel).

This group was considered the strongest and most influential in the country as in its immediate value, as well as confidence and location, which was provided to her by the young Emir Seid-Abdul-Ahahat Khan, associated with the relationship of Kush-run with a sense of gratitude for his old devotion to the house Mangyt (reigning in Bukhara dynasty leads his genus, on the female line, from Tamerlane. (Mypsa-Shamsi-Bukhari, notes, approx. 15, p. 61). On male, it comes from the Uzbek genus Mangyt, from the Branch of Tuk. (Hanikov , Description of the Bukhara Khanate, p. 58). The Mongolov named "Tuk" was determined by the separation of warriors in 100 people. (Marco Polo, Translation of Shemyakina, p. 181)) and to him personally, and with his son's druzness. At the same time, this group was considered to be standing at the head of the most sympathetic Russia party of the Bukhara Sanovnikov, the counterbalances of which was Old Bukhara, Uzbek, party. It goes without saying that this powerful family, as well as everywhere in the East, had numerous relatives, gender and adherents on various steps of the state stairs.

The head and patriarch of this family, Mullah Mehmed-Biy, from the Persian from the town of Karai, the blizzards of Meshad, and the boy was also captured by the Turkmen, and in 1820 they were brought by them for sale in Bukhara.

Here it was bought for several Chervonians to famous Khakima-Kush-run (Khakim-Kush-run played an outstanding role in the history of the Bukhara Khanate of the first quarter of the current century, in an extension of the treacherous type of the Ranzenztor, at the courtyard of Central Asian despots. Associated by all his welfare Emir-Sedu , He poisoned him, wanting to deliver it to the second son, Nasrehu, a convenient case to capture the throne of his father, besides her older brother, Hussein-khan. When the intrigue failed, and this last in 1825 reigned at the Bukhara throne in 1825, after a few months I am poisoning and it. By swearing, then appointed Hussein-Khan to the successors of the younger son of Emir-Seid, Omar-Khan, he will change it to change it and the city of Bukhara in the hands of the rebeling nasre-Ullach, who agrees in the capital of Khanate on March 22nd, 1826 of the year, under the name of the Nar-Uly-Bagadur-Khan-Melik-El Miemenina. This treacherous man was perhaps a decent way for his shameful acts. In 1837, Emir's erected by him The Ullah confiscates all the immemorous wealth to them, and he himself imprisoned, where he was slaughtered in 1840. (Hanikov, History of the Bukhara Khanate, p. 224-230; Burst, Journey to Bukhara, Part 2, p. 382-388 et al.; Vibryry, History Bukhara, Ch. XVIII, p. 136-140)).

At the scenery of this latter under Emir Narullah, in 1840, he, together with his slaves and property, entered the treasury and was ranked in the state of the heir to Seid-Muzafar-Eddin's throne (Emir Seid-Muzafar Eddin was born in 1823, joined On the Bukhara Throne in 1860, died on October 31, 1885.), in which he consisted as a servant. His outstanding ability to pay him attention to Muzafar-Eddin, and, when he was accepted on the throne, in 1860, Mullah Mehmed-Biy was consistently appoints, as Mirshab (police officer), Miraba (head of irrigation) and Serkend (battalion commander) . In the last title, he participated in the battles in Jizzak, Samarkand and Zerabulake, dividing heavy strikes with the power of the rule of Orthodox in Central Asia with his ladies, divided by Russian weapons.

At the end of the war, Mullah Mehmed-Biy was appointed Beck in Shahrzymbze, where he managed to declare himself with a capable, active and energetic administrator, and in 1870, Emir provided him with the rest vacant the position of Kush-run (in this position he was seen and wrote him about him: Vsevolod Cross (visiting Emir Bukhara, Ch. VII, p. 292-296) and Dr. Yavorsky (Travel of the Russian Embassy in Afghanistan and Bukhara Khanty in 1878-1879, t. II, p. 334-336).).).

Kush-run Mullah Mehmed-Biy lived to deep old age, while retaining the vigor of the spirit to the last minute and taking direct participation in the state affairs. His nineteen-year-old stay in power was marked by the deep devotion to the interests of the people and both Emirs, the trust and location of which he used, despite the miscarions and intrigues of the natural buckers who hate him like Schija and Shiita.

The population of the capital respected and loved him. According to the testimony of persons briefly familiar with the state of affairs in Khanate, there has never been heard complaints about oppression, intrigue or injustice on his part.

In 1886, Mullah Mehmed-Biy, together with his family and other slaves in Bukhara Khanate, was released from slavery, forever destroyed by Emir Seid-Abdul Ahahat Khan in his possessions.

Son Mullah-Mehmed-Biya, Muhamed-Sharif sofa-run, taking the position of chief Bukhara Zyakkach, at the courtyard of the deceased Emir Muzafar-Eddin, managed to establish himself with outstanding abilities and special devotion to the reigning dynasty, in particular to Seid-Abdul Akhat- Khan. Between others, the last service provided by him was that he hid from the people the death of Emir Muzafar until Kermine (Cermina City and the district adjacent to him make up the heirs of the Bukhara throne, where they set on the achievement of the majority, managing the district on Bekov's rights. Kermine, located in 80 verses of the railway roadway from Bukhara, at the sole of the Karatau mountain range, is the favorite summer location of Emir Sid-Abdul-Ahat-Xana.) Ceid-Abdul-Ahahat Khan arrived, which prevented unrest in the country. and inevitable in such cases in the east family bar.

At the topics of the young Emir on November 4, 1885, Muhamed-Sharif became his closest personal advisor. In addition, Seid-Abul Ahat instructed him the head of all the delegations of Bukhara with the Russian government.

With this position of things, the whole country and Emir himself looked at Muhamed-Sheriff-sofa-run, as for the future successor to his father Mullah-Mehmed-Biya in the rank of Kush-run.

The younger representative of this outstanding family was the son of Muhamed-Sharif, a twenty-year-old Chargesky Beck Astanakul-Inak (currently the main Bukhara Zyakekchi, AstanaKul Parkanachi). Gifted with remarkably beautiful outdoor, cute and clever, he soon urged the attention of Emir, who introduced him an important post of border chief with Russian possessions of the Chargesky district. In this position, he managed to provide serious services to the Russian government during the construction of a Custinian railway, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Anna 2nd degree.

Under such circumstances, takes this family of 1888, which had a fatal meaning for her.

At that time, I lived in Bukhara Sompom Haib-Nazar, by the origin of the Afghanistan, who occupied the post of Ambodar to Kermine at the emir of Muzafar (Ambar - a collector of filters. In Bukhara Khanna, the annual size of the Salted Earth is determined by spring shoots, which, of course, opens a wide path to The abuse of all kinds of officials of the applied administration.) When Beschy was ruled by the heir to the throne, the current Emir Seid-Abdul-Ahahat Khan. Shortly after the death of Mupafar, Gaib-Nazar was dismissed from the post for taking part of the state-owned incomes of the district entrusted to him. Suspecting the Muhamed-IIRIF-sofa-run of the main culprit of his inconvenience, he looked at his deep hatred and, settling in his house in Bukhara, where he used a reputation with the person with the means, waited only the case to take revenge on his enemy.

Emirs Bukharai tend to study their possessions annually, stopping for some time in the most populated districts as Kermine, Kahsha, Shahrzyab possession and Charges.

During one of those travels Seid-Abdul-Ahahat-Khan in Shahrzymbz, in the spring of 1888, Haid-Kale-run, Brother Haib-Nazar, who served in the Bukhara troops and commodited, for a time, with some order from Shahrzymbz to Bukhara He brought Emir Donos Haib-Nazar to Muhamed-Sharif-sofa-run and on other senior officials remaining in the capital.

This denunciation brought Emir to indignation and caused an order for the arrest of Gaib-Nazar and about the confiscation of his property. The execution of this order was assigned to the emir on the Muhamed-Sharif-sofa run.

On March 21, 1888, at 8 am, Mukhaned Sharif, accompanied by two servants, arrived at the House of Haib-Nazar to declare the will of the Emir and the preparation of the inventory of his property. Going to Mima (Mehman) -Hana (reception room), he handed over Haib-Nazar commanding, adding, for his part, the words of consolation and the promise to apply before the Emir about his forgiveness. Gaib-Nazar silently listened to the sofa run and, when the last ended, he told him that among his property there are valuable things given to him to preserve, which he, above all, wishes to imagine. Then he went out into another room and, after a minute he returned from there with a revolver in his hand, with the words: "Dog, Shiite, Traitor!" He shot him twice in Muhamed-Sharif. This last, already mortally wounded, rushed to him. The struggle was started, discontinued only escaping the crowd, which grabbed and beat the criminal.

The dying put on the arma and took home, but he still found enough strength in himself, to order to free the killer from the hands of furious mobile and deliver it to his apartment, where he placed the room in his next with him, fearing that he would be confused by the people before production Above him consequences.

March 22, in b in the morning, Muhamed-Sharif-sofa-sofa died, despite the medical assistance rendered to him by Dr. Gaifelder, sent to the scene by the builder of the Customer Railway Lieutenant-General Annenkov, who was at this time on official affairs in the vicinity of Bukhara.

The death of this outstanding person sincerely upset not only the Emir and the population of the capital, but also everyone in contact with him, on officials, persons of our Turkestan administration. Bukhara lost in it a capable, energetic administrator, and Russia, sincerely devoted to Russian interests, otherwise who contributed to change to the better state of affairs in Khanate.

Upon learning of the death of Muhamed-Sharif, Emir wrote a depressed High-elderly Kush-run, who, by the way, mentioned that he never looked at the deceased as a servant, but as an older brother, and that now she will try to replace Mulle Mehmed -Bid a lost son.

The honorable old man did not long survive this sad event: he died on November 10, 1889, for 81 years of life.

The son of the deceased Muhamed-Sharif Astanakul-Inak was appointed Emir to the place of his father immediately after his death and in the rank of Parvanachi and the main zyacket is now one of the most devoted and useful servants of Seid-Abdul-Ahahat-Khan.

As for the sofa-run killer, Gaib-Nazar, then, on the command of Emir, he was transferred to the hands of the killed relatives.

You need to know the history of the Bukhara people and those brutal instincts, greed and ambition, which inherent in it, you need to finally take into account that, according to the established custom, death or removal of some state dignitarily in Bukhara Khanate entails a shift from the posts of all His subordinates and replacing them with the defaults of the newly appointed person to explain to themselves the terrible execution that expected a criminal. Without a doubt, she was invented not by one person, but a whole corporation of people who got to drink on the sofa-run killer the fierce that in them was caused by the death of this man who took the chances of success, wealth and honors in the grave, perhaps , not one generation of people close to him and relatives.

This execution, worthy of the times of Caracals and Nero, was as follows: the killer was tied to the tail of a horse and, with a huge coherence of the people, we are thus on the streets, squares and bazaars of the city. Then, he crushed the bones of the hands and legs and still alive were thrown over the city wall, to eat dogs.

The main details of this inhuman execution, as always, were carried out in the extensive Cathedral Square of Bukhara, in view of the majestic buildings of the Moja Mojara Madrasa and Mosque-Calyan, these silent witnesses of so many bloody historical events, starting with the invasion of Genghis Khan and Triumphant Inbars of Timur, to the recent more execution of two innocent guns of English greed and harassment in Central Asia - Koniy and Stoddar (Colonel Stoddard and Capant Ciratory, Commanded by the English Government in Bukhara and Kokan in order to form a coalition from Central Asian Khanate, were captured by Emir Nasre-Ullah and, according to his command, executed in Bukhara, in 1842.).

P. P. Sh.

New Emir Buhar
Magazine "Niva", 1886, №7. Saders: 177-178

After the second capital of Khanate Samarkand was taken, with the gene. Kaufman in 1868 by our troops and they searched the origins of Zaryavshan, who fed Bukhara - Russians own the ability to take water, and this would be the death of the country. On June 2, broken by Russian troops on June 2, 1868, Emir declared himself in humility to the White King and since then Bukhara is in vassal relations to Russia.

After the death of the late Emir Bukhara, Muzaffar-Khan, who followed on October 31st of last year, the ruler of the Bukhara became the eldest son of his Seid-Abdul-Agad Khan (whose portrait is placed here). His brother, Seid-Mansur, is raised in Russia, in Page Sib. The building, and the current Emir Abdul-Agad attended the sacred coronation in Moscow and stayed for a while in St. Petersburg. Seid-Abdul-Agad-Khan now has no more than 27 years old. This is how it describes his one traveler who saw him into bendingly in Bukhara: "Before us stood Seid-Abdul-Agad-Khan himself. Having told two steps to meet us, he reached his hand everywadedly. The view is a handsome man, growing above average, firmly folded. A beautiful swallowed face is chosen by black, medium size by a beard; Small mustache shade thin, vigorously tortured lips. Black and big eyes are very expressive. The look of their oster and insightful. Eyebrow arcs are very characteristic of a slightly relatively apart from the inside of overhead, adjacent to two small longitudinal wrinkles. In general, his face has a serious expression of an inquisitive mind and a strong character. It somehow involuntarily affects a large stock of energy, willpower and perseverance. It is impossible to say that the face it was from the good, in the sense of a soft-grade, although it does not have anything repulsive - on the contrary, it is rather even pretty; You just immediately feel that you deal with a person internally strong, which will not be at odds to achieve the goal. He is not at all inclined to haremnation - he has one legitimate wife. In the life of its atmosphere, he prefers simplicity, even with a somewhat harsh shade, which could also be seen, at least on the situation of his reception. It is said that his favorite occupation is a falcon hunting and the taming of the semi-dogs, hot and evil horses, which he himself carries around. Not little is also engaged in a military case. "

Seid Abdul-Agad-Khan was in Moscow, as we said, at the coronation celebrations of 1883. Upon returning from Moscow, he expressed him in Tashkent, by the way that this trip brought him great benefit that he had a good case to convince the huge forces and means of Russia. Emperor All-Russian Emperor, he does not need any parties to support power.

Mixture. Gifts Emir Bukhara.
Niva, 1893, №3 (2), from 74

Gifts Emir Bukhara, subraided by the Emperor, Soviet Empress and other members of the August home. These gifts are a lot of expensive matters and carpets - works of Bukhara and, in general, the East: doodle fur, golden bowls and dishes with a mobile, belt, covered with precious stones, silver service with a mobile, necklaces with precious stones, canes shrouded in diamonds, Silver enameled lars and many other precious items. Especially stood out: the saber in the golden sheaths with the sovereign sovereigns of the Emperor brilliated by Emper, and the sprinkled with a pearl of an umbrella for the empress, whose handle shrouded with precious stones.

Then the emir is given for gifts to the highest features of 17 horses of various breeds: Tekinskaya, Turkmen, Urathuben and Kungrad. Each of them is saddled by the Turkmen saddle, with gold and silver forgeds stirrups. Dear velvet chapraki embroidered with silks and gold; The bridle, bibs and the finests are richly decorated with a golden set. Some of the horses of very small growth and resemble the breed of our southern steppe horses, but they are all distinguished by remarkable endurance and speed, during the jump as it should be sprinkled. One of the sovereign of the emperor of the stallions, the Tekinsky breed, the redhead with white stockings on all four legs, is considered the best buckle buckle, about which the Bukharians say that "only one wind will catch it up." Horses are not yet given names; All of them are delivered on the main royal stable. For the sovereign of the emperor, there are actual 5 horses: 2 stallions of red masta, tekons, growth 2 ARSHINA and 2 tops, 1 stallion of a karakova, a strong strong horse 2 Arshin and 2 vershs, and a couple of gray stallions of the Bukhara breed, There is about 2 Arshin's growth, all for six years. Empress Empress - 3 Horses: 1 Gray stallion Turkmen, Growth 2 ARSHIN 1 cerebral, a very beautiful elegant horse, and a couple of raven stallions of the Bukhara breed of small growth. One of these stallions are very good in the lava, almost manual and a little trained: gives his leg, puts his head on the shoulder, with wonderful smart eyes. Jesarevich's heir - also 3 horses: 1 Redhead without marks Turkmen, slender, light, like an accurate stallion, 2 Arshin with a little growth, can argue on a race with the teccin, subordinated to the sovereign to the emperor. Tecinta is likely to be called "wind", and this Turkman "Wind"; Then - a pair of stallions of a smaller growth of the Bukhara breed. Great Princess Ksenia and Olga Aleksandrovna were summed up a couple of pans of the stallions of the Bukhara breed of a very kind nruh. Great prince George Alexandrovich - a couple of the raven stallions of the Urathuben breed. On the main stable cost a pair of dark-bored stallions intended for the Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich. Since all horses are extremely hidden, then some of them are likely to bargain in the top three on the village; The roots will be chosen by foreign goods. In addition to these 17 horses, Emir presented in a pair of stallions Grand Princes Vladimir and Alexy Alexandrovichy and Mikhail Nikolaevich.

The throne chair for Emir Bukhara.
Niva, 1893, №33, p. 752, 753.

By request of the Turkestan Governor General, Lizer in St. Petersburg. A throne chair in an old-Russian taste of a gilded tree (Maple) covered with a red plush and a golden galoon decorated. The chair is designed for Emir Bukhara and is very typical of what can be judged by the attached drawing. It is performed according to the drawing of V. Sherezra, Russian workers.

His lordship Bukhara Emir.
Magazine "Motherland". St. Petersburg, 1893. No. 3, p. 88, 91-92, 105-106.

His Majesty's Shipped by the Majesty of the Majorian of the Emperor and now Guest in St. Petersburg His Lightness Bukhara Emir Seid-Abdul-Ahat-Khan is an extremely representative, beautifully folded brunette, with a very expressive face and large, black, like Smin, a salad beard.

Like all the faces of his suite, he wears a motley Bukhara costume, Chalm and a lot of stars. Emir stands at the head of the Bukhar Khanate, which occupies an area of \u200b\u200b31/2 thousand geographical miles, with 11/2 million populations engaged in agriculture and trade. In the Bukhara army 15 thousand people. On November 4, 1885, Emir inherited the throne of his father, being the fourth son, because the elder brother, bribed by the British, rebel against his father, was broken down with the help of Russian troops, escaped and now in India. The sovereign of the emperor in 1883 satisfied the request of the father of the current Emir, Mozafar-Eddin, about the recognition of the heir of Bukhara of our today's guest, Seid-Abdul-Ahata. Emir is married since the 13th years, and from the 18th he has already managed Beschy (district) in Kerman and earned overall love with its justice and accessibility. The prevailing passion of Emir - Horses, and he will hear the best ride in Bukhara.

In Russia, Emir was like the heir of Bukhara, at the coronation celebrations of 1883, high attention and gracious appeal of the sovereign and the royal family, and all the same seen in Russia, deeply smelled into the soul of the future heir to the Bukhara Throne, and at the end of the throne, he first became Transfer our culture to his native country. He destroyed the slaughterhouse, reduced the army to facilitate finance, destroyed underground prisons, torture and brutal executions, made a lot to streamline the supply system and the development of trade in their own country. Extremely alive, active temperament is distinguished by Emir among the Bukharians and causes a deserved tribute to be in them and respect for their chapter.

Together with Emir in St. Petersburg, his ten-year-old son, Seid-Mir-Alim, who was his lordship, from the highest sovereign of the emperor of the enforcement, will determine in one of the St. Petersburg military-educational institutions.

In the retinue there are 7 Sanovnikov, 6 officials, a representative of the Bukhara merchant estate and the masses of the servants. Among the seven Sanovniki Emir includes three generals "Parwali", of which two ministers are Astapa Culbec Parwali and Durban Kumbrg Parwali. Then the Tural-Kul Parwali, Khabarrit-Kulbek-Tonov, Mahalot-Yunas Marahat-Bachi, Haji-Abdul and Murza-Ahati Mushi.

Emir brought with him a lot of valuable material, jewels and horses for gifts, with the cost of all brought, part of which arrived in the summer, is estimated at 2 million rubles.

Bukhara before and now. Historical reference.
Niva, 1893, №4, p. 94, 95.

The comparison of the former state of Bukhara with the current can serve as a decreasing example of the enormous influence of civilization, which it can have a state and life of the state. In the forties of Bukhara, a pure type of Asian despotic kingdom was represented. Any of the loved ones, the suspected suspected suspicion of his control system, was immediately eliminating. Most often, he was concluded in the disgusting underground prisons, very common in Bukhara. In the same way, Emir Seid-Nass-Ulla, the grandfather of the current Emir, reigned at the time. All adherents opposed to him, he eliminated a strong party, and including Kush-run, Gakim-Bai and Ayatsa-Bai. During the reign of Seid-Nussian Ulla Bukhara, he held the central and main place among her Khunni. Therefore, it is quite clear that Russia and England drew attention to it. England wanted by anything to subjugate to its influence of Emir and restore him against Russia. All of her miscarions, however, remained unsuccessful. They even ended very sadly for the diplomatic agents of her, Colonel Shduddar and Conole. Both of them paid their lives for their diplomatic inexperience and partly disregard for the businesses and customs of the local population. They carried out a painful imprisonment and remained alive, thanks to only the intercession of the Russian diplomatic agent Buteneva. Stepdart was forced to go to Islam from fear.

Following the departure of Burenev, Emir Seid-Nassr-Ulla received the news that all English troops in Afghanistan were destroyed. Realizing that now there is nothing to be afraid of England, he ordered June 17, 1842, to betray these two unfortunate British shameful execution on the square. They were delivered there from prison. The first was beheaded Colonel Stepoddar. Then the executioner stopped, knowing that life was promised if he would take Muslim. But Konolly, noticing this, contemptuously said: "Shardard became a Muslim and you still executed him. I am preparing to die. " With these words, he chlorically put his neck executioner, and one blow separated his head from the body.

In 1860, by the death of Emir, he was inherited by his son, Seid-Mozaffar-Eddin Khan. As a guardian of a minor Kokand Khan, in the rank of Tamerlan's successor, suzenoine of other Khunni and, finally, as a jealous of Magometan faith, he joined in 1865 to the Kokandse war against General Chernyeva. War this emir continued with the successors of Chernyaev, generals: Romanovsky in 1865, Kryzhanovsky and mantefelle in 1867, Count Vorontsov-Dashkov in 1867 and Kaufman, in 1886. The victories of them over the Emir led to the conclusion of the world, to break the final military pride of the Bukharians. Since that time, the friendly relations of Russia towards Bukhara begin to establish. Miscelly, Emir was convinced of both in the attenuances of these relationships and the power of our Mother's power. When his eldest son and the heir to Abul-Melin-Kati-Tiura risked against him, wanting to leave him from the throne, Russia, in the face of General Abramov, with his detachment, provided him with an active assistance, - returned to him by the armed force captured by his possession of Shari Siabz, Kitab and Casche. This finally made him lose all faith in false inschedule in England at Russia. After all these events, together, with the wearing on the throne of the current Emir, begins for Bukhara new, bright, peaceful period of her life.

Emir Seid-Abdul-Ahat-Khan entered into the Office of the country, which was in miserable, chaotic state. His energetic character did not give way. The dominant order of things and gave him the strength to the indigenous transformation of his state on the basis of humanity and justice. He drew attention to the reigning bribery, treasury, aggravation of the people with unbearable taxes and serve, terrible injustice in the courts and on other ulcers of the state body. Emir Seid-Mozacity-Eddin, his father, who fully grown with all the troubles in the country, died on October 31, 1885. Since that time, the current emir began, then the young man is 28 years old, rebuild the state on his way. In the first pores, he met the energetic resistance from the previous adherents of his father and clergy. Its sole support was the confidence that Russia will help him in civilizational activities, especially since its activity in Asia has exactly the same character. Firmly verified to Russia, he neglected by all threats on the part of the most influential and nearest persons, he boldly and non-stop went on the path of benefactor reforms. The first order of this kind was the disposal of the abolition of slavery for eternal times in all provinces. From ten thousand, the most part of the Persians, heavy shackles of slavery slept. The second measure was an order to bring the army to the number of 13,000 people, which constitute 13 infantry battalions, 800 people. Artillery with 155 tools, 2,000 irregular riders and 4 kavalry squadrons. Behind these two measures was followed by a reflection order (underground pits and dunctions), where the criminals and victims of the ruler of the rulers were languished, and about backfilling and bookmarking Siha-Garas or Kenne Khan (black well), which served underground bastilia, in which he was writhing from torture unfortunate prisoners. In this regard, the torture was canceled, and the death penalty is significantly limited. In addition, he took a lot of measures to the rise of folk morality by prohibiting the use of opium and other narcotic plants (kuanara-ours) and the cessation of immoral dancing of Bags (boys). Then they created a number of orders for the destruction of bribery and usury, with the threat of perpetrators of punishment and cash fine. Thus, the emir achieved that the population was convinced of the benefit of his innovations and was on his side. Lowing in some order of the state of the state, the emir wished, in 1886, so that Russia would send his special diplomatic agent to Bukhara as a sign of a special grace to him of the Emperor's sovereign. His desire was fulfilled, and the agent was appointed charms, replaced by a well-known researcher of Central Asia P.M. Lestersar.

In this way, Russia's trade relations with Bukhar have faced, and the latter found the selling place for their raw products. In addition, thanks to the laying through the Bukhara of the Custinian Railway, but the whole railway paths arose villages and factory for processing Bukhara wool and silk. At the same time, Bukhara connected to the telegraph network with Russia. All this crossed as closely as possible Russia's attitude towards Bukhara and at the same time made everyone change the closure to Bukhara, as the country of domination of arbitrariness and lawlessness. Bukhara is growing above and above in a number of circumferentially khanations, and under the control of such an energetic and smart monarch, as the current emir, it has all the deposits for future brilliant prosperity.

GB Our colonies. New-Bukhara.
Niva, 1899, №13, p.

Novaya-Bukhara, - Russian settlement in the eastern part of Bukhara Khanate, in 12 versts to Yu.-v. From the city of Bukhara, with the Custinian railway, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Kogan, located at an altitude of 235 meters above the sea, was founded in 1888. Ten years ago, this area was represented by a wild steppe, and at present in New-Bukhara 2,500 inhabitants.

At twelve versts from the Khan capital of Bukhara, along the Karshi tract, laid the lane desert steppe - plain: a tightly saturated salt, the earth is completely blundering. With the cessary of the spring rains, the Solonchak precipitated on the surface surfaces is precipitated and the striking, covers the steppe rigid, grayish-white blossom; The earth takes a deadly pale tone. In such places, there is only a brightly green barley - camels of manna ... The plant is before that unpretentiously and the lives, before that Silen and elastic, his herbaceous stem is that in Bukhara, they can always observe, like from under the plastering recently rebounded building It suddenly makes its way to the light of God gentle, pale green, ugly branches of spines with thin, sharp spikes. Only the mighty strength of this wild plant, creeping bushes of bright greenery, wait for the overwhelming lifeless of the saltchard steppe.

When the Caspian Railway was built, here in 1888, the Bukhara station was opened - and, as the nearest railway point to Bukhara, the station was revived by the influx of people by rail on one side and the tide of the native population - on the other. Station "Bukhara" became a large cargo. From all sides, the whole parties arrive here. Transport and commercial and industrial company have already got the commodity warehouses near the station, open their offices. Deaf Dotolole The terrain revived unusually. The railway buildings were built here, there were somehow Mazanka, they were clouded by the dull shags - temporary dwellings of people. Immediately, in the clumsy mazanka - in a dirty kibitka - a buffet, edible shop, clothing stores, was opened under the fifth canopy, - Miscellaneous trade was reached ...

On June 23, 1888 (according to the Muslim account of the 25th Shaval, the Russian government signed an agreement on the device in the Bukhara Khanate of Russian settlements during railway stations and shipping marins and the Russian Colony of "New Bukhara" was founded in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Kogan . The houses of the Russian Imperial Political Agency in Bukhara were laid here, the residence of which was before in the Khan capital. The Bukhara government has begun to build a living room that gives her owner to its owner. Different entrepreneurs, trade and industrial societies and individuals quickly began to buy land plots in the emerging city and to build. By virtue of a marked contractual agreement, the Earth is sold from the Bukhara government, but the price is about 50 kopecks. (Three Bukou. Tyti) for quad. Salen. Bunding the fortress for ownership is made through the political agency.

By the way, we note that the purchase of areas here was for some time a specially commercial enterprise for other resourceful people: they bought, on choosing, the best places and resold later for the triple price.

In 1890, there were already several transport office, several shops and shops, a post-telegraph office in New-Bukhara; In 1892, an Orthodox church emerged, a parish school was opened and the world court was established, and in 1894 the department of the State Bank was opened and then customs.

Management in the city of Administrative Police. An official for its appointment from the Turkestan Governor General presents a police officer, and administrative, and forensic authorities, and heads urban economy. The annual budget of the city administration in the first years on the basis of the new-Bukhara reached 2,000 rubles, and now exceeds 12 thousand. The main source of urban income is immovable private ownership, trade, industry and verified fishing. More than 300 horses are constantly engaged in remuneration for cargo and easy new-Bukhara report with the Khansky capital. All cabings, in difficulty, earn about 600 rubles per day.

The large branch of the local industry is the transport of various goods coming from Russia to Bukhara and back. There are four transport office of various companies: "Nadezhda", "Caucasus and Mercury", "Eastern Society" and "Russian Society"; These offices have their own branches and agents in Old-Bukhara and other places of Khanate. From Bukhara, it takes mainly cotton, wool, leather, intestine. Five steam factories in New-Bukhara treated cotton; Clean it on special machines (guzlock and gin) from husks and seeds and pressed in a bale to send to Russia. Pone of pressed cotton is equal in terms of one cubic feet - it is so tightly suited. In New-Bukhara, more than a million pounds of cotton, which goes to Moscow, part in Lodz, is treated annually. Many export from here and old cotton (wool), former already in use. Worn and unfit wadded bathrobes, blankets, mattresses, pillows and all sorts of cotton swells give such a material about 50,000 pounds per year. This trash is bought in Bukhara for snots, about 40 kopecks. PUD, and in production it goes on a par with pure cotton. In Lodz, the Factories of Poznansky is distinguished from the old cotton paper (warm matter), and the last garbage is processed in the lowest variety, which is sold in Russia for 25 to 10 k. Behind PUD.

Industry in New-Bukhara is not developed. Despite the benignness of the local grapes and his abundant yields, in the city while the only winery plant of the merchant Bakhtadze, extruding about 7,000 buckets in a year of cheap grape wines. Several small industrialists are highlighted up to 2 thousand buckets of wine with handicraft.

The match factory produces matches in the amount of about 50 thousand rubles, the tobacco factory of great demand for its products has no. Craftsmen serve only for local orders. They bring here from Russia mainly sugar, kerosene, iron, building materials *) manufactory and haberdashery products. The city has several good stores with different goods; Two good numbers with numbers are very decent, quite European. There is a public club, a public library and reading room, typography and binding workshop. On holidays in the parish school, folk readings are conducted with foggy paintings.

The primary element of the population in the city are officials, then agents and clarifiers of different trade and industrial firms, generally the people of the service and probably there is no public life in the city, no motives for social activities. Live - most with good prosperous, but all monotonous and boring. The composition of the population is extremely diverse by nationalities. So, out of 2,500 inhabitants numbered: 545 Russians, 50 Poles, 30 Germans, 10 Greeks, 40 Georgians and Ossetians, 155 Armenian, 115 Kyrgyz, 345 Jews, 345 Persians and 865 Sartov; Of this number of 1,939 men, 284 women and 277 children. A striking difference between the male female floors: almost 7 men falls on one woman.

New-Bukhara spread widely, she stretched along the railway line, against the Bukhara station. This main part of the city, where all state institutions and private institutions, trade and industrial institutions and shops are located, and on the other side of the railway, factories and plants, military barracks and several private houses are located. Immediately, somewhat aimed, seeding for a hundred on the Bukhara highway from the station, the rich Palace of Emir Bukharasky rises, the construction of which cost 300,000 rubles. The palace is built in the Mauritan style, not quite despicable. Rich decorations from alabaster and many columns and turrets give it a very peculiar appearance. An extensive park with a variety of wood species, decorative and fruit spread around the palace.

So far, however, the city has retained the nature of scattering and unfailing. On the space of two quadra. The versts (500 thousand soot.) Discussed on the parties less than a hundred yard places: whole areas lie as a wasteland, without any buildings, and properly broken, straight streets are lost in the empty space. Now there are only 113 houses in the city of large and small. At home almost exclusively brick, one-story, with flat asian roofs; Most are given under the stucco. Raw brick, often used as cheap material, is often used on the construction, but buildings from such material are always cheeses and are not durable; At three to four years, they are already destroyed. Buildings from burnt bricks are also exposed, although not so fast, destructive influence of the Sun. The Sun particles contained in the brick mass are saturated in raw weather atmospheric moisture, which in winter it expands, destroying the brick mass: the brick becomes porous, loose and unstable. The only stone building in the city is the house of the merchant Bakhtadze, built from the Tesan Limestone Stone and worth more than 40 thousand rubles. No more than fifty houses there are well-arranged with good apartments, on the European Federation, where wooden painted floors and walls are plated by wallpaper. A significant part of the houses is poorly arranged: cheap apartments of such houses on brick and earth floors are uncomfortable and not hygienic.

The street in the city during rains and winter is covered in deep mud; The desicna soil turns into a fatty, sticky dirt and forms literally a swamp ... In this dirt, so much salt is covered with a thick white blooming, and it seems as if it fell like snow. The shoes, hanging in mud, hidden, is covered with salt, consisting of needle crystalline. Due to the scattering of houses, sidewalks on other streets and there is no messenger. Some streets are densely attached by trees. Boulevard Street, leading from the station to the city paved stone. On this street in the middle of the city, the city garden is beautifully spread, which, with caring care, is well contained and presents the best decoration of the city in the summer.

Large work is here to breed plants. Played trees on salt soil are not accepted, dying and every year is replaced with new ones, until the land under the trees is free from the saltaway through a thorough breaking and leaching with multiple and abundant flooding with water. Large need tolerates the city in summer, from lack of water for irrigation. The rains in the summer does not happen at all, and the verso spell for 20 on the rejected channel from the Zeravshan River is passed to the city only once a week for two days: in these two days, the citizens use water on a special schedule. Along the city streets held shallow channels, and on the courtyards of households, pools are arranged (sarti-house), connected by pipes with the city canal. During the waters, each homeowner opens the gateway of its tap pipe for a certain hour and kicks the water pool. From the pool water diverges to different yard needs, but it is not suitable for drinking, as it is muddy and dirty. In the most drought, when there is little water, the gateways at the plumbing pipes are locked up on the castle and the keys are located at the city gardener, which heads the pass and the distribution of water supply - so as not to give one much and leave others completely without water.

For lack of water outdoors, dust in the city is terrible, salt-caustic; Thin, like a powder, light, like the fluff, it rises high into the air and stands over a city white cloud. In the summer, the Northeast Wind is almost constantly blowing; Strong gusts are rushed in the form of a hurricane. Then in the houses there is no salvation from dust, as the air permeates the imperceptible wells and during the day in the house everything is covered with a light white rode. But often there are wonderful summer nights. The wind erects in the evening, the temperature decreases sometimes to 160 R, the dust is deposited ... Clean dry air, coolness and a completely cloudless sky ...

The climate in New-Bukhara is hot, extremely dry and sharply changeable. The highest temperature in the summer (by reomuur) +18, lowest +16; winter high +13, lower -16; Average annual -18. Summer is extremely dry, winter raw. Air humidity in summer at noon is equal to 0, at night 25 - 10, and in winter: during the day 65, at night 75 - 80. The average number of days with rains and snow is about 50. The snow is at the end of December, in January and February, but is not Long and quickly melts. The seasons do not differ in characteristic changes: the hot summer is inconspicuously moving into the winter.

Summer heat acts on the human body with a relaxing way: all summer at times they rages heavy fever, in the fall and spring different inflammatory diseases appear: inflammation of the lungs, abdominal typhoid, bronchitis, and so on. But after all, compared to other cities of the Custinian region - in climatic, and in sanitary relationship - a big advantage remains for New Bukhar.

In Bukhara Khanate, except N.-Bukhara, there are two more Russian colonies - New Charges and Kerki on the Amu Darya River.

Article A.G. Hellvetsky is complemented by the site "Library of Khrshid Davron" ("Khurshid Davron Kutubhonasi"

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