How to find a challenging offer related supervisory bond. Types of subordination in phrases and suggestions. A29. Types and speech styles

The verification relationship is such a relationship between parts of a complex proposal or phrase, in which one part is managing, and the second it obeys it. Based on this, we will analyze the views of the verbulence in the phrase and in the proposal. For clarity, each of the cases will be considered on the example.

Types of verification in phrases

There are only three of them. This is coordination, management and adjoining.

Coordination

The genus, the number and case of the main word in this type of communication is consistent with the dependent word.

Examples: Beautiful flower, another world, ninth day.

As we see, this type of communication is characteristic of phrases, where the noun is the main word, and the adjective, sacrament or sequence is numerical - dependent. Also as a dependent word can be a mature pronoun, for example, in the phrase "our souls". The view of the subordination link here will be coordination.

Control

The main word in the management puts the secondary dependence with the assistance of the case. The combination of speech parts here can be quite a variety of: verb and noun, sacrament or adherence and noun, noun and noun, numerical and noun.

Examples: Sit on a bench, who know the truth, entering the room, the bowl of clay, ten sailors.

In the tasks of GIA and EGE, students often face a task to change the type of phrase from the management in agreement or vice versa. Without silent in the material, the graduate may be mistaken. In fact, the task is pretty simple. For this, it is enough to know the types of verification and be able to apply them.

The classic version of the task is a connection of two nouns. For example, "Porridge from corn." The verification word needs to be remade into adjective. Then the "Corn Porridge" comes out, respectively, no other types of verification relationships, except for approval, are not suitable here. Even, everything is done correctly.

If you need to change the connection from the coordination into management, then we change the adjective on the nouns and put it in a certain case in relation to the main word. So, from the "strawberry cocktail" it turns out a "cocktail of strawberries".

Adjoint

In this case, the main word is associated with dependent solely in meaning. This connection has among themselves the verb and the adverb, the verb and the verbality, the verb and the verb, the verb and the adequate or adefinary comparative degree.

Examples: "Smile happily", "says sobbing", "I can swim", "be smarter", "it became worse."

It is simple to identify this relationship: the dependent word does not have and cannot have a case and kind. It may be infinitive, verbality, comparative degrees of adjective and adverb.

We looked at all types of verification in phrases. We now turn to a complex proposal.

Communication in the proposal

Types of verification in a complex proposal can be allocated in the presence of several apparent. They are connected to the main proposal in different ways. For this reason, it can be noted that the verification relationship, the types of which we will disassemble, can be expressed by various ways depending on the nature of subordination.

Consistent submission

At the same time, the type of communication is applied to each other sequentially. Such a proposal scheme resembles a matryoshka.

Example. I asked the guitar from a friend who helped me to arrange an idea where we played Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.

The basis of the main offer here "I asked." The apparent, entering into a subordinate link, has the basis "which helped to arrange". From this proposal, another pressing, subordinate to him - "We played Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson."

Parallel submission

This is such a kind of complex proposal, in which several apparent subordinate to one main proposal, but at the same time it is different.

Example. In that park, where in the spring lilac flowers blooms, I walked with a friend, whose image seemed to you cute.

The main offer sounds like this: "In that Park I walked with a friend." It is built into the apparent "where in the spring lilac lilac flowers". It obeys the phrase "in that Park." I ask him a question "In what?". The other is the apparent - "whose image seemed to you Mile" - built from the word "familiar." We ask the question of "what?".

Thus, we see that the appendages are connected by a subordinate link with one main proposal, but at the same time with different parts.

Uniform submission

Puttinglements with homogeneous subordination are associated with one main proposal. They belong to one word and answer the same question.

Example. They guessed that their act would have the consequences, which is better to leave the idea and allow everything to be as it is.

The main offer - "They guessed." I ask him the question "What?". Both attachments respond to this question. In the same way, both the first and the second appling is associated with the main proposal with the help of the "guess". From this we conclude that the proposal with homogeneous submission.

All the above examples relate to proposals, where there is a supervisory connection, the types of which we disassembled. This information will be needed to anyone who is going to take exams in the Russian language, especially the GIA and EGE, where there are a number of tasks for testing such knowledge. It is important to remember that without understanding, how the phrases and suggestions are built, it is impossible to fully master the competent speech. It is necessary to know anyone who wants to learn to write without mistakes.

Among the proposals 3-10, find a complex offer with inhomogeneous (parallel) subordinate toaders. Write the number of this offer.

(3) Something closed in Fedor. (4) was empty in the head. (5) In the lessons when he was raised, he got up, confused, who does not know what to say, and the guys have already begun to crouch over him, immediately inventing his nicknames of sullen burver. (6) But Fedor seemed to have heard it. (7) His body seemed to lose the ability to feel, and the soul feel. (8) After the lessons, he sat down on the bus and drove to the old district.

(9) In one of these arrings, the excavator, who loaded crushed stone in the dump truck, shouted Fedor:

- (10) Hey, boyfriend! Clean your pigeon!

Correct answer: 5

Comment:

A complex proposal with an inhomogeneous (parallel) subordinate toaders should be first complex, that is, to have subordinate unions; Secondly, it is necessary that the apparent answers to different questions are precisely the main feature of parallel subordination; Thirdly, the foundations should be at least three.

All these conditions are the proposal 5.

[In lessons, (when his raised), he got up, confused, not knowing], (that to tell), And the guys have already begun to crouch over him, right here, inventing the nickname of the griter.

The brackets highlighted simple proposals in the composition of the complex (SPP), italics the base.

What you need to know:
In a complex proposal, it may be not one apparent, but two, three, four or more. Candidates are associated not only with the main part of the sentence, but also among themselves. This relationship may be different in nature:

Uniform submission

Submission is considered homogeneous, and the apparent - homogeneous under two conditions:

1. If the apparent belongs to the whole main sentence or to the same word.
2. Are apparent one type.

Example:She knew that girls with caution were looking at the closed door of the room, which they feel connected ... (Y. Herman).

[- \u003d], (what - \u003d), (what \u003d -) ...

Submitting union (or the allied word) in the second of homogeneous appendages may be absent, but it is easy to restore on the first pressing, for example: he was no longer scared, although the thunder cracked still and (although) Lightning has stacked all the sky (A. Chekhov). Pay attention to the absence of a comma between two apparent: it is not, since the apparent homogeneous and connected by the Union I.

[\u003d], (although - \u003d) and ((although) - \u003d).

Inhomogeneous (parallel) submission

If only one thing is performed from two conditions of homogeneous submission, and the other is not, then we are dealing with inhomogeneous (parallel) subordination.
Thus, the apparent under inhomogeneous subordination is either relating to one one, but at the same time are apparent type of different types, of any, being apparent of the same type (usually these are apparent definitions) relate to different words.

Example: When we got up, it was impossible to understand what time (A. Chekhov).

(When - \u003d), [then \u003d], (which is).

Consistent submission

With a consistent submission, pressing proposals are associated with each other as if on a chain: the first appropriate refers to the main proposal (this is the apparent I degree), the second apprehensible refers to the first (appropriate II degree), the third to the second (apparent III degree), etc.

Example:There was a wonderful July day, one of those days that happen when the weather was set for a long time (I. Turgenev).

[\u003d -], (which \u003d), (when - \u003d).

With a consistent submission, there is a host of two subordinate unions or a subordinate union and an allied word (which if that when, which is why, etc.). In such cases, the second apparent turns out to be inside the first.

It happened so that when we were driving, there was not the slightest zyby (M. Privine).

[\u003d], (which, (when - \u003d), \u003d)

Combined submission

In a complex proposal with a large number of appropriate, combined submission (homogeneous and parallel, homogeneous and consistent, consistent and parallel; homogeneous, consistent and parallel).

Example:In the evening, the storm was played out so that it was impossible to hear, whether the wind was buzzing or thunder (I. Goncharov) (consistent and homogeneous submission)

[- \u003d], (what \u003d), (\u003d whether -) or (\u003d -).

(consistent and homogeneous submission).

Example: To go ahead, more often look back, otherwise you will forget where you go and where you need to go (L. Andreev).

(To \u003d), [\u003d], (otherwise - \u003d), (from where - \u003d) and (where \u003d).

(Uniform, parallel and consistent submission).

Complex proposals with different types of communication - this is complex sentences that consist not less than from three simple sentences interconnected by writing, supervising and non-union bond.

To understand the meaning of such complex structures, it is important to understand how simple proposals in them are grouped together.

Often complex proposals with different types of communication membership in two or more parts (blocks) connected by writing unions or non-union; And each part of the structure represents either a complex proposal, or a simple.

For example:

1) [Peacon i]: [With my friend there is no], (with whom I would have stored the separation), (who could shake the hand from the heart and wish funny many years) (A. Pushkin).

This is a complex proposal with different types of communication: non-union and supervisory, consists of two parts (blocks) associated non-union; The second part reveals the reason why it is said in the first; I part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II is a complex proposal with two apparent determinants, with homogeneous coen.

2) [Pereulok.was all in the gardens], and [the fences grew lindenwho have gone now, with the moon, a wide shadow], (so fencesand goalon one side completely drowned in the dotters) (A. Chekhov).

This is a complex proposal with different types of communication: writing and supervisory, consists of two parts connected by the writing connecting union and, relationships between parts are enumerable; I part of the structure is a simple sentence; IIRIC science is a complex proposal with the appendage; The apparent depends on the main thing, joins the Union so that.

In a complex sentence, there may be proposals with various types of allia and non-union.

These include:

1) an essay and submission.

For example: The sun has rolled out, and the night followed the day without a gap, as it can usually happen in the south (Lermontov).

(And - compounding union, as - subordinate union.)

Scheme of this proposal:

2) an essay and non-union relationship.

For example: The sun has long been a long time, but the forest has not yet had time to get sick: Gorlinchy murmured near, cuckoo crooked in the remote (Bunin).

(But - compositive union.)

Scheme of this proposal:

3) submission and non-union bond.

For example: When he woke up, the sun was already boated; Kurgan obscured him(Chekhov).

(When - subordinate union.)

Scheme of this proposal:

4) an essay, submission and non-union relationship.

For example: The garden was spacious and only oaks grew; They only began to disperse recently, so now the whole garden with his pop, tables and swings was visible through the young folia.

(And - compounds, so - subordinate to the Union.)

Scheme of this proposal:

In challenging proposals with writing and supervisory connections, the compound and subordination union may be nearby.

For example: The whole day was the beautiful weather, but when we walked to Odessa, I went heavy rain.

(But - the compounds of the union, when - subordaneous union.)

Scheme of this proposal:

Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of communication

In order to properly arrange the punctuation marks in complex proposals with different types of communication, it is necessary to highlight simple sentences, determine the type of communication between them and choose the corresponding punctuation sign.

As a rule, there is a comma between simple proposals in the composition of complex with different types of communication.

For example: [In the morning, trees were covered with luxurious insteim] , and [so two hours went on] , [Then frost disappeared] , [The sun closed] , and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully , With a drop of the day and abnormal lunar twilights in the evening].

Sometimes two, three and simpler offers most closely associated with each other in meaning and can be separated from other parts of a complex sentence Spin point . Most often, the point with the comma is at the place of the non-union connection.

For example: (When he woke up), [already boiled the sun] ; [Kurgan flashed him with him]. (Offer is complex, with different types of communication: with the non-union and union bond.)

At the place of the non-union between simple sentences as part of a complex possible also comma , dash and colon which are put according to the rules for the alignment of punctuation marks in the non-union complex proposal.

For example: [Already long ago Sun] , but[More Forest did not have time to get squeeze] : [Gorylinki murmured near] , [Cuckoo cuckoo in the remote]. (Offer is complex, with different types of communication: with the non-union and union bond.)

[Lion Tolstoy saw a broken burdock] – and [lightning flared] : [The idea of \u200b\u200bthe amazing story about Haji Murate appeared] (Paust.). (Compass is complex, with different types of communication: writing and non-union.)

In complex syntactic structures that fall on large logical-syntactic blocks, which themselves are complex proposals or in which one of the blocks turns out to be a complex proposal, punctuation marks indicating the relationships of blocks, while maintaining the internal signs set on its own own syntactic basis.

For example: [Bushes, trees, even stump me here so well acquaint], (that a wild cutting down I became like a garden) : [Each bush, every pine, church climbed], and [they all became mine], and [it's like I planted them], [this is my own garden] (Arrived.) - At the junction of blocks there is a colon; [Yesterday Waldshnep stuck his nose in this foliage], (to get a worm from under her) ; [At this time we came], and [he was forced to take off, without dropping with the beak, a layer of foliage of the old aspen) (Enter.) - At the stake of blocks there is a point with a comma.

Special difficulties cause putting punctuation signs at writing and supervocating Unions (or writing union and the union word). Their punctuation decoration is subject to the laws of registration of proposals with writing, supervisory and non-union bond. However, there are also special attention to special attention to special attention, in which several unions turn out to be nearby.

In such cases, the comma between the unions is placed if the second part of the double union should not be followed then so but (In this case, the apparent offer can be omitted). In other cases, the comma between the two unions is not put.

For example: Winter came out, and , When the first frosts hit, it was hard in the forest. - Winter came out, and when the first frosts hit, it was hard to live in the forest.

You can call me but , If you do not call today, tomorrow we will leave. - You can call me, but if you do not call today, tomorrow we will go away.

I think that , If you try, you will succeed. - I think that if you try, then you will succeed.

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with different types of communication

Difference Scheme of Complex Offer with Different Communications

1. Determine the type of proposal for the purpose of the statement (narrative, questioning, prompting).

2. Specify the type of offer on emotional color (exclamation or non-visible).

3. Determine (by grammatical basics) the number of simple proposals, find their borders.

4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of communication between them (non-union or writing).

5. Give the characteristic of each part (block) in structure (simple or complex offer).

6. Create a proposal scheme.

Sample discretion of a complex sentence with different types of communication

[Suddenly diluted thick fog], [as if it separated the wall is heme from the rest of the world], and, (so as not to get lost), [ i I decided

There is such a thing in linguistics as a supervisory connection. In Russian, the supervisory connection is in phrases and in suggestions. This occurs in speech constantly. But what is the verification of the phrase and supply?

In contact with

To begin with, consider what the verification relationship means. It connects independent (significant) words and phrases through the fact that one part is the main one, and the other - dependent. Check it is very easy. From the main part, you can ask a question to dependent. Such a connection is determined by meaning, and grammatically. For example, a beautiful flower, where from the word "flower" you can ask a question "What?" By the way "beautiful" and determine that the adjective dependent is here.

Types of verification in phrases

Coordination

Rod, the number and case form of the dependent part are fully consistent with the main part, that is, it is likened to her. From the main word you can ask questions "What?" And "Whose?" (These issues may vary depending on the form).

When coordinating the main thing always performs the noun, and dependent may be:

1. Adjectives: Blue Sea, Clear image, bright light.
2. Ordinal numerals: first place, (for) tenth floor, hundredth film.
3. Communion: A writing man running a kitten, a jumping ball.
4. Pretty pronouns (except for them, it, it): Our hearts, my treasure.

Coordination as well it happens complete and incomplete. In the first case, the dependent word in all forms is likened to the main thing, and in the second case - only partially. But the incomplete form concerns only exceptions and the spacious. An example of incomplete (or partial) agreement is the case when the word denoting a profession (as we know, many such words are in male form, but a person himself can be a woman), has a certain adjective, but in another childhood (our doctor).

Control

When controlling the dependent word is changing under the influence of the main thing only by case, one word "manages" to others. The phrase with control can be: verb + noun, verbality + noun, sacrament + noun, two nouns or quantitative numerical + noun. it happens two types of control: With a pretext, when there is a pretext, or without an excuse. When managing the dependent word, the question of an indirect case is given or a circumstant question (where, where, from where), since the word can be responsible at the same time for two questions.

Examples: Smoking a cigarette, living in the house, toy cat, six players, throwing studies, writing books.

Adjoint

In this case, the type of communication is one part "adjoins" to another. In other words, such phrases determined only in meaningSince both parts retain all their forms. The main sign of the adjoining - the dependent word is an immutable part of the speech (the infinitive of the verb, the leadingness, the adverb, pronouncing it, is it).

The main difference from management and coordination is the "independence" of parts and dependence on each other only in meaning. The adjoining is the connection of two nouns, if they denote the name (Lake Baikal, Country Russia, Volga River). You can ask a detailed question (not to be confused with management!): What to do what to do that making what you do and whose (his, her, of them).

Examples: His jacket, planet Earth, live well, ride without stopping, grew quickly.

Phrases that do not have a subordination

• Word and service part of speech (near the house).
• Composite words (brighter).
• The words united by the Union "and".
• Phraseologism.
• Verb and subject.

Communication in sentences

In the sentences, too, there is a supervisory connection, but this concerns not difficult suggestions. A complex proposal is different from the complex the fact that both parts cannot be broken. If they are used separately, the proposal will lose sense, while parts of a complex proposal can be quite eaten And on the letter to divide the point.

Separate the types of verification in such sentences are only if several are several. For example: he told me that he would only go to the place where he was sent. Here we see one major offer and two dependent.

• sequential;
• parallel;
• uniform.

Consistent The proposal can be determined if the main part is a question for the apparent, and from this pressing - to another pressing. For example: I bought a sweater (what?), Which I was sewed in the atelier (in what?), Which is far from my house.

For parallel The form of the subordination to all pressures are given questions from the main part, but from different words. Thus, a sort of "parallel" is obtained. In such cases, usually the main part is between the dependent. (Example: When a call rang in school, I talked with a new classmate, who recently moved to us in class).

For uniform Type The dependent proposals belong to the same word in the main part. (For example: Today I went to walk in the park, in which there are usually very few people and where I forgot the sweater).

Communication in the sentence - This is the way to give the proposal of meaningfulness, the completeness of thought, as well as logical, lexical and syntactic usefulness. There are two types of communication in the proposal - writing and supervisory.

Writing communicationin a sentence, this is a compound of elements independent of each other in a sentence: homogeneous members in simple or simple proposals in the composition of the complex.

Communication In a sentence, this is a compound of elements depending on each other: words in phrases, sentences or simple suggestions in the composition of complex.

How to determine the type of communication in the sentence?

First of all, it is necessary to discard the grammatical foundation, as it is always associated with the faugible, it is also worth excluding the introductory words.

Example. I wanted to go out, but the door was locked.

Complex proposal with two independent parts, complex. Based on this, in this sentence used compound connection.

I wanted to go out, because the room was very wedged air.

A complex proposal in which is observed communication - One sentence indicates the reason why it is said in another. Offer complex.

Types of verification.

Exists three types of subordination:

Coordination- This is a kind of connection when the dependent and main word (a noun or other part of speech in the role of noun) is like to each other in the way, among the case. The most simple examples of matching are in phrases: starky rain, funny me, invisible someone, random passerby, whirling "zy".

As dependent words With the alignment, any variable parts of speech can be applied: adjectives, pronouns (assignatory, definitive, index, negative, indefinite) and ordinal numerals.

No money, a cheerful storytellor, your sister, first oncoming.

Control- type of communication in which main word Requires a special form of the dependent word. Paddy form In this case, due to certain morphological norms in Russian. The main feature of the presence of management in the phrase or proposal is to use the pretext, although there is a free-consistent form of management. In the presence of control, the dependent word will always be responsible for indirect cases.

Look at the moon, admire the moon, sign in receipt, sign documents, forget about problems, forget the formula.