What is zno in school. Who knows what is bad? Minimum passing score

In the last years, five secondary education system in Ukraine goes to another level and has undergone a number of cardinal changes. One of the main directions of its reform is the creation of a system of external single testing, which should ensure the possibility of objective comparison of the level of training in schools throughout the country.

External independent testing (UKR. "Zovnіshnє inequaliable Testuvannya", ZNO) is exams for admission to higher educational institutions in Ukraine. Since 2008, the certificate is obligatory for admission to the university. Initially, doubling was held during school yearAnd test results could be counted as graduation school exams. But since 2010, it is measured after graduation evenings, so students have to pass and exams in school, and the tests know.

Over the country, it goes around at the same time, without a break, in the form of written testing. Requirements and conditions for all its participants are the same. Any attempt to violate the testing regulations may result in cancellation of the results. Therefore, it is necessary to treat it extremely serious, because the future of applicant will be dependent on its result to some extent.

In order to take part in testing, you must first register. Registration is usually held in February. In order to register, it is necessary to prepare the required materials and documents ( full list which are shown on the website of the Ukrainian Quality Quality Assessment Center http://www.testportal.gov.ua/) and send them to the expiration of the registration term to the Regional Center. Not later than three weeks, the applicant will receive a response or certificate and registration card, or refusal to register with the reasons. In the latter case, you need to fix them and send documents to register.

The most difficult at the registration stage may be the choice of items that will have to pass. It should be borne in mind that the number of objects that a graduate can give should not exceed four. In addition, you can choose only one of the foreign languages.

The choice of items depends on the specialty on which the receipt is planned. There were cases when a graduate handed over to those subjects that knew best, and then could not submit documents to the selected university, since the certificate did not indicate those disciplines. Therefore, in order to avoid such an unpleasant situation, it should be clarified in advance on the websites of relevant universities / institutions required disciplines.

In 2012, the list of accessible disciplines contains:

• biology
• mathematics
• geography
• history of Ukraine
• russian language
• the World History
• ukrainian language and literature
• physics
• chemistry
• foreign Languages \u200b\u200b(English, German, French, Spanish)

The schedule of holding, as well as testing programs for all disciplines available on the Utsoko website http://www.testportal.gov.ua/. There you can also ask an emerging question regarding the organization and conduct of external estimation.

Finally, on the day of holding, it is necessary to come at the appointed time to the test point, and is better slightly in advance. After all, the lateness can cause an unaccepting to the test. Be sure to do with it, it is necessary to have a document, on the basis of which registration was carried out (the birth certificate or passport). Also do not forget the certificate, the pass invitation and two handles with black paste. The fulfillment of these requirements will provide an opportunity to be admitted to the passage of the test.

An important issue is to prepare for testing. As always, there are several options:

Economy, it is independently; Preparatory courses in universities; Tutor assistance.

Those parents whose family budget is not ready for an additional financial burden, you will have to make a choice in favor of self-preparation. There is nothing terrible in this, since the future applicants do not require something supernatural and leaving outside school program. First, on the official website of Utsoko, as well as the portal of Osvita (http://ru.osvita.ua/test/training/), you can find programs according to which test tasks are drawn up, as well as a list of recommended textbooks and benefits. There you can find examples of tests over the past years with answers. Secondly, you can acquire benefits for the preparation for zno in bookstores. However, it should be noted that not all of the authors have an idea about the specifics of testing tasks, so you should navigate the list of recommended benefits. Thirdly, to check their knowledge and determining the level of preparation you can pass online tests. Links to some of these services can be found on the Ivita portal (http://ru.osvita.ua/test/zno_online/). In addition, you can pay attention to the site "Sno online tests" (http://zno.fizika.kiev.ua/)

True, most experts claim that in the case of self-preparation to know the applicant may lose sight key points And skip some important details associated with test tasks.

Preparatory courses at universities require high costs, but still have their advantages. As a rule, on the site of everyone prestigious university There are necessary information on training courses for zno. The kit on the Ksus usually takes place in September-October, and training starts in October-November. A good motivation of the choice of this type of preparation in the past (2011) year was additional 20 rating points after graduation. The right to take advantage of this bonus had only those applicants who, at the end of the courses (at least 3 months of study), entered the same university for natural and mathematical and engineering specialty. In this (2012) year it is planned to maintain such a bonus.

When choosing a tutor, it is necessary to pay attention to its experience and the level of preparation. There are many teachers on the Internet, as well as those who wanted to earn up students offer their services, but still it is worth listening to the advice of acquaintances who have such experience, or to search for a good review candidacy.

Finance, the following financial picture turned out to be summarized at the cost of preparation.

Preparatory courses at higher educational institutions will cost 500-3,000 UAH for the entire course, depending on the university and the region. Private training courses can cost about 2000 - 3500 UAH. The tutor will on average take away from 50 to 150 per hour depending on the experience and region. Self learning will require payment of the Internet, notebooks and pens.

Cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from epithelial cells, i.e. Cells covering and lining almost all of our organs and fabrics. When cancer is cancer, normal epithelial cells of the body are transformed into tumor cells that begin to multiply uncontrollably, which leads to the emergence of malignant neoplasms.

What provokes this process? There are hundreds of reasons that increase the risk to cause a malignant tumor. The specific weight of the character's nature in the development of cancer is from 30 to 35%, smoking - 30% (i.e. 2 cases of three are due to these factors), infectious (viral) agents - 17%, alcohol - 4%, environmental pollution - 2%, burdened heredity - 2%. The influence of these factors should be assessed in aggregate. About 80% of cases are associated with the impact of harmful environmental factors and lifestyle. Individual prevention of cancer of each person is knowledge and compliance practical recommendations In order to reduce cancer risk.

1. Do not smoke; If you smoke - stop. If you can't quit smoking, then do not smoke in the presence of non-smoking.TOvenia determines at least 80% of lung cancer. Chemical and physical carcinogenic factors are most intensively acting on light smokers, however, they are able to fall into the gastrointestinal tract and affect the entire organism. Each pack of cigarettes gives a radiation irradiation dose, commensurate with a dose of one picture on a digital fluorograf. Tobacco smoke present in environment And coming from smokers, contributes to the so-called "passive smoking" that have a harmful effect on people inhaling it. Passive smoking increases the risk of lung cancer.

2. Try to avoid obesity. The fight against obesity and overweight, as well as maintaining physical activity is best starting at a young age. However, if you begin to follow a healthy lifestyle and at a later age, the positive effect will also be noticeable.

3. Be moving and active, try to engage in physical education every day. The protective effect of physical activity regarding the risk of cancer development is enhanced with an increase in the level of activity. Although such recommendations must be observed taking into account the overall health of health.

4. Increase daily consumption and variety of vegetables and fruits. Limit food consumption containing animal fats. The low incidence of some types of malignant tumors in the southern regions of Europe is associated with lower consumption of meat and animal fats and a higher consumption of fish, seafood, vegetables, fruits, grain.

5. Limit the amount of alcohol consumed. The use of alcoholic beverages increases the risk of oral cancer, pharynx, larynx, as well as esophagus.

6. Try to avoid excess solar exposure. It is especially important to protect children and adolescents from the sun. People who have a tendency to sunny burnsshould apply protective measures throughout your life. Skin cancer is preferably found among people with light skin. The main thing external reason Skin cancer is the effect of the Sun, namely the ultraviolet part of its spectrum. The melanoma of the skin is the most malignant and one of the often metastatic tumors, which quickly leading to death. The risk of skin melanoma is associated with intermittent intense exposure to the sun. An example of intensive intermittent solar exposure is excessive sunbathing. The best protection from the sun is to find outside the zone of its direct rays. Especially in the period between 11 o'clock in the morning and 3 hours of the day, since the action of ultraviolet rays at this time is the maximum. This should be taken into account when planning the past air pasting, especially children.

7. Strictly observe measures to prevent the effects of substances about which it is known that they can cause the development of a malignant tumor. Follow all health safety instructions and follow safety measures when working with such substances. Science knows a large number chemical substanceswhich can be carcinogenic (that is, they can cause the development of malignant tumors). These include aromatic carbohydrates (benzpiren, benzanttracene), aromatic amines (aniline dyes - naphthylamine), nitrogen compounds, pesticides (herbicides, insecticides), mineral fertilizers, asbestos, etc. The source of the majority of carcinogens in the environment are emissions of industrial industries. Through contaminated soil, water, carcinogens can enter the skin into the lungs, and with food - into the inner medium of the body and provoke the development of the tumor. Of the physical factors, special attention deserve of various types Radiation.

The basis for the prevention of cancer is the previously identification and timely treatment of patients. The main task of the prevention of malignant tumors is reduced to the active identification and treatment of patients with prematubolic diseases and identifying cancer patients at an early stage. To one of the most active methods Early diagnosis and prevention of malignant tumors should be attributed primarily by preventive medical examinations of the population. In detail the history of the disease, attention to the complaints of the patient, completeness of the examination, literacy in assessing the results of the survey conducted, the examination of patients with prematubic diseases, constant oncological alertness, established suprosvevelopment - these are the main components of the early diagnosis of malignant tumors. Unfortunately, malignant tumors in the early stages do not have specific symptoms. It is important to know about some common features and symptoms of cancer. It must be remembered that the presence of some of them does not necessarily mean the presence of a tumor.

You may need to consult a doctor if you:

-inexplicable weight loss. Unmotivated weight loss by 4- 5 kg can be the first sign of cancer, especially pancreatic cancer, stomach, esophagus, lung;

-long-term body temperature. Increasing body temperature often happens when cancer and most often with a common process. Less often an increase in temperature may be an early sign of cancer, for example, with lymphogranulomatosis;

-increased fatigue. Increased fatigue can be an important symptom as the disease progressing. However, fatigue, weakness may occur at an early stage, especially if the cancer causes chronic loss of blood, which is found in the colon or stomach cancer;

-pain.The pain may be an early sign of several tumors, such as bones or eggs. But most often the pain is a symptom of a common process;

-skin changes. In addition to skin tumors, some types of cancer internal organs can cause visible skin signs in the form of skin darling (hyperpigmentation), yellowing (jaundice), redness (erythema), itching or excess hair growth;

-chair disorders or bladder functions: Chronic constipation or diarrhea, which can be a manifestation of a tumor of a large intestine. Pain when urinating, the presence of blood in the urine, the appearance of a more frequent or rare urination can be a manifestation of bladder cancer or prostate gland. These changes should urgently inform the doctor;

-non-wound or ulcer. Malignant skin tumors can bleed and resemble a wound or ulcer. A long-term ulcer in the mouth may be a mouth cancer, especially those who smoke, chew tobacco or often use alcohol. Ulcers on sexual member or in the vagina can be both signs of infection, and signs of cancer and therefore should be examined;

-unusual bleeding or selection. Bleeding may appear against the background of early or running cancer. Blood in sputum can be a sign of lung cancer. Blood in Kale - a sign of a rectal cancer or a colon. The cervical cancer and cancer of the uterus itself can lead to bleeding from the genital tract. Blood in the urinal sign of possible bladder cancer or kidney. The discharge of blood from the nipple may be a sign of breast cancer;

-seal or tumor formation in breast or other parts of the body. Many tumors can be contacted through the skin, especially in the breast, testicles, lymph nodes and soft tissues of the body.

-violation of digestion and swallowing. Although these symptoms may occur under different states, they at the same time may indicate the presence of esophageal, stomach cancer, pharynges;

-change wart or mole. You should alert any change - a change in color, size, shape, boundaries. Skin focus may be melanoma, which, with early diagnosis, is well treatable;

Timely appeal to the doctor is the key to the timely diagnosis and the key to successful treatment.

In general, summing up the said, such advice on cancer prevention can be given:

1.What to do?Pass prophylactic inspections. In a timely manner to see the doctor about any diseases and violations of health. To strictly implement the recommendations of doctors for examination and treatment of diseases, first of all those that may be prepubrase. Current screening methods that have been widely used with mass preventive inspections of the population include fluorography, mammography, cytological examination, reaction to hidden blood in feces. According to the existing provisions, all persons over 40 should be annually subjected to fluorographic studies of the chest organs. When detecting pathological shadows on fluorograms or changes in the mediastum, a series of fluorograms in different phases of respiration should be carried out, as well as the use of special X-ray research techniques.

2.What not to do?All the rest. First of all - to get rid of harmful habits, abandon smoking, excessive alcohol consumption.

Live healthy and full-fledged life!

Ensure - this is "Sovnіshnє inequalized ontsіnyvnya", or in Russian "external independent estimation". Initially, it was tried on students of the first courses of universities, and since 2003 began to gradually implement in schools.

What is zno in school?

External certification is called the name ZNO and includes a totality of tests in several different subjects. Knowing is an analogue of the Russian EGE, consisting of several exams necessary for admission to the institute. In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Education, it is held in the 11th grade. If a graduate did not pass at least one subject, he will not be able to enter a higher educational institution.

Trial - not to "write off" or "high." The specific subject is essentially in any way. Is that approximately worse or better comparing the transition table.

The testers themselves for the fact that those who graduated from school were mainly in individual cabinets, and the turnout among them was essentially worse than the average. After all, in an honest battle on entrance exams (or, especially, at the Olympics) the author would take any of these faculties. And if the usual exams take, it was also Ukrainian. And about stereometer in mathematics everything is correctly written. There is a small inaccuracy: 384 points needed to Kibfak in KNU (I know exactly how a classmate had 384.5 and was afraid to fly.

Modern schoolchildren often do not cope with stress dependent on school testing, what to talk about independent ... How can all this fit in each family? It is quite difficult, especially difficult for families where the low degree of parental confidence in children, and children to parents. I can only calm down a bit because it is written because of the midbug, the tasks are not astronomical complexity, but they require at least minimal experience in their decision and the level of it is recognized on the subject.

Do not hope to hope to disciple that we went to school not for knowledge, but for entertainment. The one who wishes to enter the technical university is taking place in physics.

In 2016, the Ministry of Education decided to check whether it makes sense to pass around according to a foreign language. Studies began to be carried out in the metropolitan region and Lviv. Ukrainian literature and language is not replaced by anything. The third item is chosen, based on the requirements of the University or Institute, whose student wants to become a graduate.

Pupils do not have to take disciplines twice - at the end and upon admission. Innovations ZNO 2018 in Ukraine will affect children that finish the fourth and nine-graders that are going to learn in a lyceum or college on the selected profile. Students who do not have international qualifications will submit a foreign language and a subject in specialty.

But the whole focus is that the current scale was invented specifically to avoid absolute assessment of knowledge and go to relative.

Knowing is testing that studies 11 class.

External independent testing in chemistry, biology, physics was carried out only for graduates of schools of the Kharkiv region. Testing in the Ukrainian language took place on April 21, in chemistry, physics and biology - April 26, in mathematics and history - April 28. The main test sessions will be held in June (from 2 to 23). Each graduate school must pass on the Ukrainian language and literature and the choice of mathematics or history.

Zno - malignant neoplasm.

5. The hyperdiagnosis index is known - the number of unconfirmed diagnoses per 100 cases for the first time in the life of the established diagnosis is known. Characterizes the quality of diagnostics.

Now in Ukraine the Institute of Significant (External independent testing) And all graduates of 11 classes are trembling with thought about this test. Also tremble their parents. Why is the thrill so universal?

Too many factors are uncomfortable and inspired by anxiety.

Let's start the listing, perhaps not as important for each reading, but undoubtedly present.

1. Do not prepare for testing at school.

The program, for example, in mathematics is very saturated, the clock for its at least minimal development is not enough. So elements of the theory of probability, combinatorics, mathematical statistics are studied in the 11th grade about 5 hours, i.e. For 5 lessons, it is necessary not only to master the basic concepts, but also learn to solve problems. For an adult, it is somewhat ridiculous. The same story and the rest of the subjects. And each year they are every year school course More. Due to such a material density, the only reserve is to write all the works of independent, test in test form so that the children are not afraid of these "A, B, B, D, D, choose the right answer."

In addition, the construction of the tests themselves know every year is revised and, it seems that people who have never seen living children and do not know how and what is taught in real Ukrainian schools.

2. The exams do not know how to pass.

Cancel in the school exams, they remained only in 9 and 11th grade as test work (DPA - DPA PІDSUMKO ATEBACIA). Modern schoolchildren often do not cope with stress dependent on the school checking knowledge, what to talk about independent ...

3. School - Maternal team.

Functions and the real position of the school is a replacement of a family in part of maternal guardianship. Mom always takes his child as he is, even if he annoyed her strongly and grieves, tolerates all his antics, encourages success. The same and modern school is also engaged, some oppression of teachers in terms of "cannot be given a low level estimates", despite the fact that all estimates modern system Evaluations are considered positive and clearly described in the criteria, which cost. Hence the cooking indulgence to write off (let the children write anything)

The above factors described lead to the thrill, and sometimes to panic. After all, it really will have to be gone in an unfamiliar school, with unfamiliar aunt, who will not let write off, will take away phones, shoot one by one, will not help and do not sympathize, the computer will be checked for which the sympathy and favor of unknown as a category. Against the background of the complete absence of the maternal effect, the child does not have a minimal experience to cope with stressful situations and poorly prepared in terms of knowledge, skills and skills (although now they persistently refer to their competence, which further complicates the situation. After all, competence implies the opportunity to freely use knowledge, skills and skills in non-standard situations). The causes of trembling are obvious.

4. The teenager is not a robot, he is also a man with his gaze on life that can get tired and nervous.

In this regard, each of the parents is trying to help his offspring, who hires tutors in three-four subjects, who records the courses in order to tighten on the subject, to give confidence. And here another unlimited thing appears - the fatigue of a teenager who really wants to walk with his comrades, and the load at school is great, the teachers are customized, like their own parents, blackmail "you will do, to write to you, and so on, you need to think about you Everything is for you, and you ... "The thrill is intensifying, the schoolboy taking off in terms of what is happening with him (it grows, develops, looking for his place in the team of peers) and the requirements of society, which personifies teachers and parents (you need to think about The future), breaks, screaming, scandalite, resists, or begins to hurt.

How can all this fit in each family? It is quite difficult, especially difficult for families where the low degree of parental confidence in children, and children to parents. The path of solutions everyone chooses himself, each family copes with this in its own way. Give advice - meaningless.

I can only calm down a bit because it is written because of the midbug, the tasks are not astronomical complexity, but they require at least minimal experience in their decision and the level of it is recognized on the subject.

In addition, when checking a computer, the redistribution of points occurs, depending on how the test is written throughout Ukraine, pushing out from the maximum number of scored points. Those. If the maximum is diagnosed from 200 points only 170, it will be that 200, the level of other works looks quite decent.

If you have questions about the topic under discussion, please contact

Implementation B. educational system Ukraine of the national examination in the format is not very pleasant news for graduates. However, it is sooner or later to be used to any changes, so today graduates already perceive such a state of affairs as a given. Moreover, they try to take exam tests as much as possible.

For eleven graders, knowledge certification is not just a procedure necessary to obtain documents on the end of the school, but also the key to open the door to the future of a high-class specialist. Certificates with scallers are obligatory at submission of applications to the universities of the country, and the weighty amount earned by "points" is a guarantee that the applicant will become a budget order student and will receive a scholarship.

Naturally, for this you need to work well and devote the last school year by preparing for the examination. Successfulness of the delivery is known to have a direct dependence on how much time you give self-preparation, visiting rehearsals and preparatory courses. In addition, it is necessary to prepare for tests psychologically, and for this you need to well-navigate in the regulations knowing and in advance to know about possible change in the ticket structure!

What can change in gno 2019?

Even the most minor changes in the procedure can be an unpleasant surprise if you find out too late. What to talk about the cardinal changes, which initiate the main examination department of Ukraine! Of course, we will draw conclusions about specific innovations at the beginning of the new school year, when the Commissions will approve all the provisions and instructions, after which they will publish them on the official website Knob. However, thanks to the speeches of officials and their statements in the media, today we can predict the introduction of a number of innovations into the educational life of Ukraine.

1. Reducing the timing for admission

This innovation still passes the discussion stage. The fact is that earlier certificates could be used for three years - for example, if you have passed ZNO in 2016, they could count on the received score in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Later certificates in English, Spanish, German and french languages were made one-year. Since 2018, they act in abbreviated mode, since the procedure for certification of foreign languages \u200b\u200bhas been radically changed in this educational period.

Today, experts from the main body to control the quality of knowledge lead active discussions on this issue. Some perform that from 2019 all certificates become annual. Others say that after the final approval of the structure and content of tickets, for the examination session, it will be possible to make all certificates with reusable, so that the opportunity to act without repeated exams is from those who, for example, missed the year due to illness or decided after exams serve in the army.

2. Adaptation Significant for disabled children with vision

Representatives of the quality center of knowledge say that by 2019 the general Ukrainian exams will be finally adapted for children who are vision disabled people. For them, materials will be printed using braille font. So far, only lager-in-fonts are used to test such students, but they are not very convenient for the guys who taught items on textbooks and benefits for blind and visually impaired.

In addition, children with disabilities will be allowed to write tests longer (up to three hours), and for guys with disabilities, they promise to increase the comfort of the audience for the examination.

Since 2019, tickets for visually impaired will begin to publish Brül's font.

3. Two-level foreign language exam

Since 2018, since 2018, students have to take French, English, Spanish and German on the basis of a new examination approach - now the ticket will include the tasks of two levels of complexity (B1 and B2 on a pan-European classification). However, in the educational department they are called otherwise - tasks of academic and profile levels.

Innovations in the field of foreign languages \u200b\u200bhave been brewing for a long time - back in 2017, graduates of several schools of the Kiev, Odessa and Lviv regions were invited to undergo a trial test, on the basis of which the knowledge assessment center made conclusions about the feasibility of disseminating such practices to the whole territory of Ukraine. Another innovation in this way - the inclusion of part in the ticket with auditation (that is, checking how successfully graduates captured the skill of an understanding of foreign speech by hearing).

Also in the media slipping information that since 2019 is killed by foreign languages May include mandatory graduates. Now it is passed only by those who studied in a profile class (in this case, the mark goes to the state care column in graduation school documents), as well as schoolchildren who are required to enter the university for the selected specialty, a certificate with foreign languages.

4. Cancel ZNO in Russian

It should be remembered that recently this item is excluded from the list of variable knowing - now the exam is immediately passing. If you wanted to pass this item - urgently change plans.

5. Minimum passing score

Recall that a couple of years ago, it was not possible to say that it was simply impossible - the certificates were issued absolutely to everyone who appeared on this type of total certification. New approach It assumes that the student must gain at least a certain minimum points to get a level at the "satisfactory" level. To date, the minimum scores on the disciplines look like this:

• ukrainian language and literature - 24 test points out of 104;
• history of Ukraine - 27 test points out of 94;
• mathematics - 11 test points from 62;
• biology - 23 test scores from 76;
• geography - 27 test points from 92;
• chemistry and physics - minimum of 17 test points from 80;
• english, French, Spanish, German languages \u200b\u200b- 14 points out of 56 possible.

6. Ability to check knowledge on a test dough

The cost of writing test tests Knowing every year becomes more and more

Every year, the cost of participation in test tests is slightly rising. For example, if in 2017 it was possible to hand over a trial zno, paying a contribution of 120 hryvnia, then in 2018 it was 129-137 hryvnia. The price of demo-zno depends on the region of residence of graduates. For example, the less than everyone is paid by eleventh graders from educational institutions Such areas like Zhytomyr, Sumy, Poltava, Khmelnitskaya, Kharkov and Vinnitsa, and the increased cost is approved for the Odessa, Dnipro and Kiev regions of the country.

To say how the amount of the fee for a test test in 2019 will change until it seems possible. Based on the practice of past years, this increase can express 10-20 hryvnians. Recording to demo tests usually begins on January 10 and ends with the last January day, and the trial themselves are killed for a month and a half to the date on which the main exam is appointed.

Items Snow-2019

The conversation about innovation in tickets can only be held after the next session know. After examining the work of graduates of 2017/2018, the Commission will be able to draw conclusions about the need for additional edits and changes. So far we can say that recent years have become a period of relative "clutter" - tickets on subjects, for the most part, are already worked out, so revolutionary changes in their structure occur quite rarely. For a general understanding of the situation, we briefly analyze the tickets of the last sample.

ZNO in Ukrainian language and literature

Examination work, as before, includes 58 tasks, for solving 180 minutes. All tasks are distributed into three parts:

• part 1 - tasks checking knowledge and skills in the Ukrainian language (there are 33);
• part 2 - tasks from this section will be checked how well the student knows ukrainian literature (they are 24);
• part 3 - In this section, the graduate will have to write an essay.

Part of the tasks (namely - №1-№23, №29-№33 and №58) is particularly important, since points for it are transferred to the marks for the final school certificate.

Sign in mathematics

The exam lasts 180 minutes, during which they have to break her head over 33 tasks. They can be fairly simple - in the form of small test tasks with response options, tasks for conformity setting between two sets of elements or a brief response record. The last three tasks are the most complex. They need to be painted as much as possible, arguing the decision of the decision, drawing a schedule or building geometric shape. Please note that the tasks number 1-№28 and №31-№32 are particularly important - the amount of points for them is translated and fixed as a mark in the school certificate.

Points received for testing will affect the estimates in the school certificate

Ensure by history

One of the most voluminous tickets among all subject knowing - it contains as many as 60 tasks! Tests are proportionally distributed into two parts (30 pieces), one of which is devoted to the history of Ukraine since the beginning of the 20th century and at our day, and the second - historical events From ancient times and until the end of the 19th century. At the same time, it should be noted that time for history is not so much - only 150 minutes. Tasks №1-№23, №24-№26 and №27-№30 have a separate value - on the basis of points received for these issues, students will put out the final marks in the certificates.

Sign in physics

This ticket contains only 34 tests and tasks that are allocated 180 minutes. This exam suggests three types of tasks:

• tests with the only correct answer;
• work with logic pairs;
• tasks that will need to briefly paint to give a right answer.

The results of the test are not only the basis for issuing certificates for receipt, but also translated into a 12-point scale for the attestation mark.

Sign in biology

The biological test includes 50 tasks, and they must be solved in 120 minutes. However, the tasks in this are not very complex - some of them are represented by simple tests with the only correct answer, others are to create connections between two columns of elements, and the last part involves the choice of three answers from the options provided. The entire test is taken into account both in certification points, and when placing a mark for a school certificate.

Sign in geography

Pupils who choose this subject will have to cope with 58 tests in 150 minutes. All tasks are presented in the form of tests with one or three answers from the proposed list or tasks with logical pairs and a short response. All points are translated into two scales - the score is set for one, and on the other - the mark on the 12-point system for the certificate.

Sign in foreign languages

In 2019, Ukrainian schoolchildren will not only be read and write in a foreign language, but also to perceive him on rumor in part

This exam has been changed many times, so you should carefully examine its structure and content. A new sample consists of four parts, each of which will check certain language skills and skills. The main elements of the examination work are:

• Audition - Recent innovation from the center of measuring the quality of knowledge, which will deliver a lot of difficulties to single-graders. Alas, little at what school is taught to perceive foreign speech by ear. Pupils of ordinary schools will be enough to show whether they can choose from all the audio information necessary information - for example, evaluating the correctness of statements. But the representatives of linguistic classes will have to show much more skills - for hearing it is necessary to perceive not just the meaning of the text, but also separate facts in the form of names, names of rivers, lakes, cities, dates, instructions, etc. At the same time, the developers of tests included in them a very diverse subject - from family, hobbies, professions and rest before traveling, holidays, tourism and even the role of Ukraine in the global community;
• Reading - Eleven-graders who taught a foreign language within the framework of the school program, will need to show how well they know how to search for information and understand the meaning of read fragments. Linguistic classes will demonstrate how successfully they were taught to understand the context and the overall idea of \u200b\u200bthe text. Here the disciples will be offered to work with newspaper articles, personal correspondence, recipes, and even instructions that are usually printed on the packaging of goods;
• Foreign Language Application Skills - in this part of the ticket, graduates will work with texts (up to 450 words for ordinary schoolchildren, up to 550 - for profile classes), showing the analytical analysis skills;
• Letter - Only one thing, but it will be a very difficult task in which you will need to fill out the questionnaire, write a letter or invitation (for ordinary schoolchildren), and for graduates of linguists this task is complicated by the requirement to write extensively, reinforcing their words with the facts and arguments.

Please note that in the new zno tasks much more than it was in old versions - 59 instead of 43. The attestation mark takes into account points for tasks No. 1-№32 and No. 49-№59.

Feed certificates to universities

As already mentioned, certificates are known for admission to the Institute or University. Be careful - in 2018, the number of applications that can be submitted to the university will once again decrease! If in 2017 in the rules of admission appeared figure 9, then in 2018 the Ministry of Education permits the applicants to submit only 7 applications by selecting 4 specialty.

Points obtained for knowing your position in the lists of applicants

It is possible that in 2019 another wave of abbreviations will occur. The ability to write many applications leads to what they disappear budget places - Now they are distributed addressed to each of the applicants having a higher position in the overall rating. When the applicant brings originals to one of the specified universities, the rest of the places he occupied, remain unfilled, since now the lists of entering up do not rise.

However, this news concerns only those who claim to budget - contract soldiers can write more applications. Separately remind parents and students that all documents are now accepted by universities only in electronic format - personal presence in reception Commission Not required from you.

Knowing for incoming in the magistracy

The last few years knows the test not only for eleventh graders, but also bachelors. Now before entering the magistracy, it will be necessary to take not just qualifying exams before the commission representing the department of the department, but to undergo a general Ukrainian test. Since 2017, the testing of this sound touched the bachelors entering the magistracy in the specialty "right" since 2018 new norm There will be more than those who have become a graduate of "international law".

In the same year, they decided to conduct an experimental zno for foreign languages. Serve English, French, Spanish or German will be able to those who are going to continue studying on master's program specialties presented in such knowledge branches as " Humanitarian sciences"(Except philologists)," behavioral and social sciences "," journalism "," right "," International relationships"And" service sphere ".

Soon it will have to donate not only senior schoolchildren, but also bachelor

So far, individual universities will take part in the experiment, but since 2019, in foreign languages \u200b\u200bfor future masters, they promise to make mandatory for future masters! The exception is most likely to act only for those who have certification documents of the international sample, and at the level corresponding to the category B2.

Knowing for graduates of colleges and vocational schools

Another change affected the guys produced from college or vocational school. Since 2018, they have to be treated by the Ukrainian language. In 2019, most likely, another item will add, and in 2020 - will oblige graduates of these educational institutions Conduct the assessment of knowledge in the form of the way for three academic disciplines. So far, in the center of the assessment of knowledge decide, in what order to introduce new items. It is only known that as a result, the set will look like this: Ukrainian, mathematics and history.

This news has become not the most pleasant surprise for those who specially left after the 9th grade from school to avoid the need to take external testing. After graduation graduates, graduates could file applications for 2-3 hours of universities, and as opening Test Downt the domestic university exam. It is possible that over time, it will be not only for colleges and vocational schools for colleges to receive a certificate, but also will be used when entering universities, replacing a comprehensive professional exam.