Project on history on the topic Okrichnina. The beginning and development of Okrichnina. Main events

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Signatures for slides:

Official Ivan ι V Grozny. Maou "Lyceum №36" Fedorova I.A.

Periods of government of Ivan ι V: 1) Reforms of the elected Rada. (40-50 Gg.16V.) 2) Oprichnina (1565-1572).

Plan: 1) The concepts of "Okrichnina and Ochrichniki". 2) Causes of Officials. 3) Oprichnin tasks. 4) Chronicle of Officials. 5) the system of government during the Official period. 6) Results and consequences of oprichnin. 7) The end of the golitite dynasty.

The concept of "Okrichnina". Officient - "except." 1) Okrichnina - hereditary land possession of women from the Grand-Magnife family. 2) Okrichnina - hereditary land ownership of Ivan ι V Grozny. 3) Oprichnina - Ivan's policy ι V in 1565-1572, accompanied by terror.

Oprichnik - a man consisting in the ranks of the oprichny troops, that is, the Guard created by Ivan Grozny as part of its political reform in 1565. Scrapper Late term. In the time of Ivan the Terrible Ochrichnikov called "sovereign people."

On the eve of the Officials. Already during the first stage of the Livonian war, the king reproached his governor in insufficiently decisive actions. He found that "the boyars do not recognize his authority in military matters." In 1563, the king is changing Prince Kurbsky, which gives the intelligence officers of the king in Livonia and participates in the offensive actions of the Poles and Lithuanians. Treason Kurbsky strengthens Ivan Vasilyevich in thought that there is a boyars plot against him, the boyars not only wish to stop the war, but also plot to kill him and put on the throne of Prince Vladimir Andreyevich Staritsky, cousin Ivan the Terrible. And that the Metropolitan and Boyarskaya Duma stand up for optical and impede him, the Russian self-container, to punish movements, therefore emergency measures are required.

Correspondence of Grozny with Kurbansky. Kurbsky: "The king should look for a good and useful advice not only at advisers, but also in nationwide people, since the gift of the Spirit is not given by wealth external, but also by the rule of mental." Grozny: "Your Scripture is accepted and read ... The snake poison is under your tongue, and therefore, although your letter is filled with honey and honeycombs, but it tastes pretty wormwood ... In the blindness of your malice, you are not able to see the truth ... whether it is not afraid of mind Do not want to be under the authority of your slaves?

Cause: The desire of Ivan ι V to unlimited personal power. Tasks: 1) the establishment of an unlimited power of the king. 2) The fight against the independence of the aristocracy. 3) the elimination of fragmentation residues.

Chronicle of Officials: December 1564-February1565- Departure of Ivan to Alexandrovskaya Slobodi. "On December 3, 1564 surprised and frightened to the extremes of Muscovites ... From the gate of the Kremlin, an endless train from the carriage was crashing in this frosty morning, the Tsar with the queen Mary Temryukovna ... left their residence.

Section of the country at the "Okrichnin" and "Zemshchina". Boyar execution in Moscow. 1566 -1568 - Mass repressions. Executed 500 people. Metropolitan Philip condemns an oprichnin and leaves the Metropolitan department.

Philipp was the chromyshnikov in the Assumption Monastery. - How long will you shed the blood of the faithful people of Christians without guilt? Think about the fact that although God raised you in the world, and he imposes with you for innocent blood, spilled your hands.

Chronicle of Officials: 1569 -1570 - wave executions. Spraul over V. Staritsky. 1570 - Hike to Novgorod. 1570 - execution I. Viscovatoy. 1571 - DEVTLET - Hire. 1572 - New campaign Devlet - Hire. 1572 - Association of Okrichnina and the Zellow. July 30, 1572- Battle at the village of Young (commanded the troops of Vorotinsky). 1575 -1576 - Board of Simeon Bekbulatovich. 1576 - Return of Ivan ι V for the throne.

5) the system of government during the Official period. Official area Territory: Pomeranian counties, land of stroganov in the Urals, a number of Slobod in Moscow. Capital: Alexandrovskaya Sloboda. Territory: lands not included in the Ochrichnin. Moscow the capital. Ivan ι V Officer Duma. Official orders are Officon Treasury. Officer army. Head of Government - I. Tequito. Zemskaya Boyarskaya Duma. Zemskie orders. Zemskaya treasury. Zemsky army.

Results and consequences. A classroom monarchy from 48 members of the Boyar Duma 19 was executed. Destroyed the country's economy. Rasked - 48% of yards. Reducing pasta lands. Novgorod loses its merchant. The flight of the population in Siberia. 1581 - Introduction of "Reserved years." 1581-1592 Census of the applied population. Violated the recruitment systems of the noble militia. 9,000 nobles are evicted from the courtyards near Moscow for the resettlement of oprichnikov

Reducing the population. 22,000 people were destroyed by the synod. Flight of the population from cities. Cities are distributed by serfs. Destruction of boyars. Distribution of noble land tenure. Setting relationships. The formation of a despotic state. The centralization process has been completed. Eliminated the lots.

Historians about Okrichnin: All the dark, the stale atmosphere of the Middle Ages was penetrated by the cult of violence, disregard for the dignity and life of a person, all sorts of superstitions. Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich was not something exceptional in the long strip of medieval rulers - tyranans. (1572 - Warfolomeev night-made out of 30,000 people). The mass terror carried out in the Russian state in 1567-1570, created a situation that turned universal fear and suspicion into the most important element of public life. In the end, Ivan Grozny became the victim of fear. He lived on the whole Officon, he lived by the recovery in Sloboda and did not drive anywhere and did not go anywhere as under guard. (Skynnikov R.G. SERVICE terror).

7) The end of the golitite dynasty. The sons of Ivan the Terrible Fedor (1584-1598) Dmitry died in Uglich in 1591 and Wang killed by the Father in 1581.

Test: 1) Kurbsky, Adashev, Sylvester were: 1) Rada's elected members. 2) members of the Semiboyarschin 3) representatives of the boyars aristocracy. 4) representatives of the serving class. 2) The convening of Zemsky cathedral began: 1) Ivan 4. 2) Ivan 3 3) Mikhail Romanov 4) Boris Godunov.

3) with the creation in the 16th century, Russia became: 1) the estate - representative monarchy 2) of the constitutional monarchy. 3) the evening republic 4) the absolute monarchy. 4) orders called: 1) central controls 2) decrees sent to the king. 3) decisions of the Zemsky Cathedral. 4) Order of the Boyar Duma.

5) Favorites Rada -This: 1) Members of the Boyar Duma. 2) Managers of Ochrichnikov detachments. 3) the deliberative body under Ivan Grozny 4) approximated to Ivan the Terrible clergy. 6) Oprichnin contributed: 1) to strengthen the military forces of the state. 2) the completion of the association of Russian lands. 3) strengthening the personal power of the king. 4) strengthening the role of Zemsky cathedrals. 7) The territory of Russia, not included in Grozny in Okrichnin, was called: 1) Zemstnaya, 2) Posad, 3) Sloboda, 4) Tsar

8) accused Grozny in Tiranda, sought to achieve the right of the boyar "to participate" in the management of the state: 1) Kurbsky 2) Macarius 3) Vickened 4) Adashev 9) "Decisions on the reserves of the years" meant: 1) the final execution of serfdom 2) Establishment of one for The whole country is the transition of peasants. 3) provision of free transition peasants. 4) the prohibition of the transition of peasants from one landowner to another in Yuryev day.

10) Livonian war ended in: 1) 1583 2) 1552 3) 1585 4) 1598 11) The result of the Foreign Policy of Grozny was: 1) the development of the Far East 2) the accession of Central Asia 3) the conquest of the Volga region and Western Siberia. 4) conquest of the exit to the Black Sea. 12) The Pokrovsky Cathedral was built in Moscow in memory: 1) Victory on the Kulikov field. 2) the wedding of Grozny to the kingdom 3) Taking Kazan. 4) Nevsky battle.

13) After the death of Vasily 3, Ivan was turned out to be on the throne 4. This happened: 1) 1530, 2) 1533, 3) 1538, 4) 1540. 14) partially held back (a) Grozny's anger: 1) Elena Glinskaya, 2) Kurbsky, 3) Makariya, 4) Sylvester 15) that from the named was the cause of the Livonian War: 1) The desire of Rossi to go to the Baltic Sea 2) the desire of Rossi to enter the Baltic Sea 2) Black Sea. 3) The desire of the speech by compulcilate to plant for the throne of the Kingdom of Vladislav. 4) the desire of the Livonian Order to master the Moscow principality.

Tasks: 1) Call at least 3 provisions that reveal the content of the Obrica Policy of Ivan the Terrible. 2) Compare the reforms of the elected Rada and Okrichnin. Specify 2 common features, 3 differences. 3) Explain the point of view: the main goal of Okrichnin was the struggle of Ivan the Terrible with a disaster - an opponent of the centralization of the state. Official policy was aimed at suppressing any opposition.

4) How do you think why the main strike of the Ochrichniki applied in Tver and Novgorod? 5) Why did the first blow come to know the birth? 6) Compare Ivan 3 and Ivan's epoch 4. Employed that they are united and what they differ. 7) Give the characteristic of the identity of Ivan 4. 8) After the death of E.Glinskaya, the struggle of the Boyarian grouping for power began. Why in Russia established "boyars government. Name at least 2 reasons. What consequences it led. Specify at least 3 consequences.

Literature: 1) Alekseev S.I. History of Russia in schemes and tables. M., 2011. 2) Gevurkov. Thematic history control. M., 2002.

Links Ivan IV Grozny Grand Prince "All Russia" (from 1533 http://mailchern.narod.ru/news... file: Nevervas N.V. Okrichniki. JPG Officer Ivan IV. Http://www.russlawa.info/ Post / ... Okrichnina. http://pagehistory.ru/glava-6-... Ivan the Terrible and Son His Ivan on November 16, 1581

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Lesson Plan 1. Place the Selected Rada. 2. Rapt the king with approximate. 3. Costers and Officials. 4. Shipping to Novgorod and the struggle with the Crimea. 5. The suites are Okrichnin. Menu

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3 Slide

4 Slide

3. Reviving Kazan Khanate refers to the XV century of the XVI century XVII century XVIII century menu

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4. What a item was called to accommodate military detachments, fortified by a wooden hedge in the form of vertical pointed pillars hollow Ostrog Monastery Kremlin Menu

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1. Place the elected glad. The desire of the king to go to the shores of the Baltika was not-satisfied even in the elected Rada. In 1559, he was in front of the truce, but later recalled this to his associates. He began to seek the causes of danger in "treason". Ivan did not forgive Rada and the fact that during his illness in 1553, I wanted to give the throne to Vladimir Andreevich Staritsky. Sylvester and young Ivan Grozny. Miniature 17th century Menu

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1. Place the elected glad. After recovery, the king became suspicious and cruel. He-bodies immediate cut-ice reforms, members of Rada advocated their gradual conducts. The existences were aggravated and because of the unsuccessful Adashev advice in the Ho de Livonian war. In 1560, King Anastasia's wife died. According to Mos-Kve, the rumor is "worn" to Sylvester and Adashev. I.groznaya in front of the frontal place after the death of Anastasia's wife. Miniature 16 V. Menu

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2. Rapt the king with approximate. Zemsky Cathedral sent Adashev to prison, where he soon died, and Sylvester was exiled to Solovki, where he soon died. In 1563 G. Imer Metropolitan Makariya, holding back Tsar. The Metropolitan-Athanasi rose to the side of Boyar, but it was just untied the Tsa-Ryu hands. A.vasnetsov. Moscow dungeon. Menu

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2. Rapt the king with approximate. Boyar, escaped from the Tsar-Snove, fled abroad. Andrei Kurb-sky, who fled to Litu Wu, called on the Terrible to stop execution. In response message, the king declared the advances to protect the neat-wounded royal authority and soon started to eliminate independence Boyar. I.grozny on the throne. German engraving.1725 Menu

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3. Costers and Officials. In K.1564, the sir unexpectedly left for Alexandrov Slaf Bodov. In N.1565, he sent 2 messages to Moscow. In the first he blamed the boyar and the clergy in the "treason" and declared the leaving the throne. In the second-high He kept himself a defender of "black" people from the boyars-whom the arbitrariness. The provision of returning Ivan demand-shaft to provide him with the right to execute "Change-Cove" at its discretion. N. Svortsov. Trip I.Grozny on Bogomol. Menu

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3. Costers and Officials. The country was established a new procedure for the management-Oprichnina. The state of the state was divided into OP-Richnin, managed by Grozny and the Zemshchyan, her Veda-Lee boyars. The Okrichniyniki became Alexandrova Sloboda. There was an uglonary army of They were resettled from one part of the country to another. Alexandrova Sloboda. Menu

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3. Costers and Officials. Terror caused discontent in the country. In 1566, in from-vet to the petition about the abolition of Okrichnina, all of her Av-Torahs were executed. Mitropolitan of Athanasius in protest folded from himself San.Not Metropolitan-Fi-Lipp, also condemned the king and was execution. In 1569, Groznya was dealt with his cousin V.A. Staritsky-Last specific prince of yours in Russia was liquidated. N. Rosrev. Concent Metropolitan Philip Menu

Municipal State Unitary Enterprise Correzing Secondary School

Project on:

« Officer Ivan Grozny»

7th grade

Leader: Maskova Yu.N.,

history teacher and social studies

School phone: 88424177555

2016 - 2017 accounting

Introduction

II.. Home resource

Causes of administration of oprichnin.

The beginning and development of Okrichnina. Main events.

The end of the Okrichnin and the results of Ovrichnina Ivan the Terrible.

III.Conclusions.

IVConclusion.

V..Bibliography.

Introduction

Subject Officer Ivan the Terrible.

This topic attracted me to his relevance Because Oprichnina is an important period in the history of the Russian state, denoting acute contradictions between the king and his environment. Oprichnina became the time to choose the further path of Russia's development: either autocracy, when the power of the monarch is not limited to anything, or the Board in which the king cannot accept any decisions on external and domestic and duma approval.

In addition, the Ochrichnina should not be considered as a unifying share in the same way as it is not worth identifying the strengthening of the king's self-leveling with the state centralization, the cause of which was damaged during the years of Okrichnina. Sacrifice to one element - full of autocrat - other, no less important - a qualified state apparatus and the unity of legislation were brought. The king of the king of the fight against the specific old old one was not the best, because it divided the country and the people, settled in the souls of people fear and disbelief in the state order, gave birth to a sense of permissiveness, cruelty and hypocrisy in the medium of subjects.

Purpose: explore the progress of the Okrichnina.

Z. adachi :

View resources on this topic.

Hypothesis: Oprichnina led to chaos and full anarchy. In addition, terror and ruin, which arranged Ochrichniki, led to the fact that the economic crisis began in the country.

Thing work - Okrichnina Ivan Grozny.

Practical significance This study is to use this material on class hours, additional information in the lessons of the history of the middle ages.

Research methods :

Search for reliable sources of information with the help of documents, books, the use of computer technologies;

Stages of the project:

Preparatory: - The choice of the theme and its concretization (relevance - the definition of goals and the wording of tasks).

Search and Research: - Appeal to parents with a request to engage in the project's work; - Correction of deadlines and graphs - conducting search and research activities.

Translation and forced: - Work on the presentation - Project registration - Project Prevention

Project refinement, taking into account comments and suggestions: - Writing a project protection scenario - preparation for project publication. 5. Transcluding: Project Protection.

Chapter 1.Causes of administration of oprichnina.

Oprichnina is the state policy of terror that reigned in Russia at the end of the 16th century at the Board of Ivan 4.

The essence of Okrichnina consisted of rejection of property among citizens in favor of the state. According to the command of the sovereign, special lands were distinguished, which were used exclusively for the royal needs and the needs of the royal yard. These territories were their own management, and they were closed for ordinary citizens. All territories were selected from landowners with threats and strength.

The word "Okrichnina" comes from the ancient Russian word "to give", which means "special". Also, Okrichnina was called that part of the state, which has already moved into the sole use of the king and its subjects, as well as the Ochrichnikov (members of the Secret Police of the Soviet).

The number of oprichnin (royal suite) was about a thousand people.

King Ivan 4 Grozny was famous for its harsh moral and military campaigns. The emergence of oprichnina is largely due to the Livonian war.

In 1558, he began the Livonian war for the right to master the Baltic coast, however, the course of the war was not the way that I would like the sovereign. Ivan has repeatedly reproached his governor because they act is not strong enough, and the boyars do not honor the king for authority in military issues. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that in 1563, one of Ivan's military leaders betrayed him, thereby increasingly undermining the confidence of the king to his retinue.

Ivan 4 begins to suspect the existence of a conspiracy of the governor with the boyars against his royal power. He believes that his surroundings dreams of stopping the war, to overthrow the sovereign and put the prince of Vladimir Staritsky in his place. All this makes Ivan to create a new environment, which would be able to protect him and show all who will go against the king. Thus, crypts were created - the special soldiers of the sovereign - and the Policy Policy (Terror) was established.

Chapter 2.The beginning and development of Okrichnina. Main events.

Okrichnikov followed everywhere for the king and had to protect him, but it happened that these warriors were abused by their powers and committed terror, punishing innocent. The king looked at all this through his fingers and always justified his chicks in any disputes. As a result of the dedication of the oprichniki, very soon they began to hate not only ordinary people, but also a boyar. All the most terrible executions and acts committed during the reign of Ivan Grozny were committed by his oprichniki.

Ivan 4 leaves for Alexander Slobod, where he creates a secluded settlement along with his ovirks. From there, the king regularly performs towards Moscow in order to shout and execute those whom he considers to be a traitor. Almost everyone who tried to prevent Ivan in his lawlessness soon died.

In 1569, Ivan begins to suspect that intrigues fly in Novgorod and there is a conspiracy against him. Having collected a huge army, Ivan is moving to the city and in 1570 reaches Novgorod. After the king gets into the lair, as he believes, the traitors, his ghosts begin their terror - they rob in the inhabitants, kill innocent people, harness at home. According to data, every day passed mass beats of people, 500-600 people.

The next stop of the cruel king and his oprichnikov became Pskov. Despite the fact that the king initially planned also to make races over the inhabitants, were executed as a result of only some of the Pskovicians, their property was confiscated.

After Pskov, the Terrible goes back to Moscow again to find the accomplices of Novgorod treason and make a reprisal over them.

In the 1570-1571 in Moscow, a huge number of people flew in Moscow from the hand of the king and his oprichnikov. I did not gentle the king of anyone, even his own approximate, as a result, about 200 people were executed, among which the most noble people. A large number of people remained alive, but strongly suffered. Moscow executions are considered an apogee of the terror of Okrichnin.

Chapter 3.End and Official Results.

The starting system began to fall apart in 1571, when the Crimean Khan Devlet-Gary was attacked on Russia. Okrichniki, accustomed to live due to the robbery of their own citizens, turned out to be useless warriors and simply did not appear on the battlefield. It was this that forced the king to cancel Okrichnin and introduce the land, which was not different. There are information that the king's retinue continued to exist in virtually unchanged form until his death, replacing only the name from the "Ochrichnikov" to the "courtyard".

The results of the Oprichnina 1565-1572 were deplorable. Despite the fact that Oprichnina thought as a means of unity of the state and the purpose of Osrichnina Ivan the Terrible was the defense and destruction of feudal fragmentation, it led only to chaos and a complete anarchy.

In addition, terror and ruin, which arranged Ochrichniki, led to the fact that the economic crisis began in the country. Feudals lost their lands, the peasants did not want to work, the people remained without money and did not believe in the justice of his sovereign. The country was mired in chaos, Okrichnina divided the country into several scattered parts.

Conclusions.

1. Ivan 4 begins to suspect the existence of a conspiracy of the governor with boyars against his royal power. He believes that his surroundings dreams of stopping the war, to overthrow the sovereign and put the prince of Vladimir Staritsky in his place. All this makes Ivan to create a new environment, which would be able to protect him and show all who will go against the king. Thus, crypts were created - the special soldiers of the sovereign - and the Policy Policy (Terror) was established.

2. Ivan 4 leaves to the Alexander Slobod, where it creates a secluded settlement along with its ovirktniki. From there, the king regularly performs towards Moscow in order to shout and execute those whom he considers to be a traitor. Almost everyone who tried to prevent Ivan in his lawlessness soon died.

3. Official results of 1565-1572 were deplorable. Despite the fact that Oprichnina thought as a means of unity of the state and the purpose of Osrichnina Ivan the Terrible was the defense and destruction of feudal fragmentation, it led only to chaos and a complete anarchy. In addition, terror and ruin, which arranged Ochrichniki, led to the fact that the economic crisis began in the country. Feudals lost their lands, the peasants did not want to work, the people remained without money and did not believe in the justice of his sovereign. The country was mired in chaos, Okrichnina divided the country into several scattered parts.

Conclusion.

Oprichnina was a large-scale conflict within the dominant classes, which was caused by Ivan Grozny. Oprichnina resulted in the forced centralization of the country, undertaken without sufficient socio-economic grounds, when the power masks its weakness of the "subsystem" of total fear, and therefore degenerated into a massive terror.

Brutal repressions against the boyars "treason" led to huge ruins. Many prominent boyars and nobles died during the execution or in the Kazan link. As a result, the Boyarskaya Tip in the government, which was the political and economic support of the king and Russia, was almost completely destroyed.

The huge costs of the content of the Ochrichnikov and the maintenance of the Livonian War, severe defeats imposed on the land, the plundering or confiscation of church property led to the ruin of the country and the devastation of the state treasury.

During the punitive campaign to Novgorod, the Ochrichniki caused great damage to the North-Western cities that belonged to the number of the largest economic and cultural centers of Russia. The local trade and industrial population was robbed to the thread, and the trade of Novgorod and Pskov and the countries of Western Europe were undermined for a long time.

However, the oprichny army showed its weakness in the fight against the external enemy - Tatars. The Crimean invasion caused unprecedented devastation to the southern regions of the country. Tatars have ruined 36 cities south of Oka, captured the big herds of horses.

Tsar Ivan justified the introduction of an oprichny need to eradicate the wrongness of boyars-rulers, the abuse of judges. In fact, Okrichnina led to unheard of arbitrariness. The most widely called political affairs served as the most extensive field of Okrichnin abuse. The scrapper could grab the land for the collar and, recalling to the court, complain that he displays him and all the Okrichnin. In such cases, the plaintiff, as a rule, received the property of the land, and the arrested was waiting for the prison and fell.

The country ruined the plague and hunger, the roads were full of starving, they did not have time to bury the dead in the cities. Among all these disasters, the Ochrichniki created their abominations, the people were killed with impunity and robbed people.

In total, over the years of the Okrichnina were killed from 3.5 thousand to 6 thousand boyars, their children and even grandchildren. N.M. Karamzin wrote: "Moscow Chainlane in fear. Blood flowed in the dungeon, in the monasteries of the wounded victims. " Ivan the Terrible with rage wrapped the ax at all who was a carrier at least some independence and freedom.

Officer undertaking, eliminating the finally feudal fragmentation of Russia, destroying the residues of the specific system, led to the economic and social crisis, massive ruins of the people, especially the peasantry. The boyars and nobles expanded the barbecue, increased the lifts, seeking to restore the destroyed victobs and estates. The peasants fled to the outskirts of the country where the Cossacks developed. In 1581, Ivan Grozny introduced the commandment (ban) on the right of the peasants to move from one feudal to another even for two weeks from Yuryev and installed "Reserved Summer", it was another step towards the legal creast of the peasants - years, when they were prohibited at all Any movement of citizens and peasants. Additional burden brought defeat in the Livonian war and Tatar raids.

Bibliography.

http://historykratko.com/oprichnina-ivana-groznogo.

Russian history. 7th grade. Studies. For general education. Organizations. At 2 h. 1 N.M. Arsentev, A.A. Danilov, I.V. Kurukin, A.Ya. Tokarev.

Presentation on the topic "Officer Ivan ιV Grozny" on history in PowerPoint format. In this presentation for schoolchildren, the reasons, challenges, the results of the original, conducted by Ivan Grozny. Presentation by: Fedorova I.A.

Fragments from the presentation

The concept of "Okrichnina".

• Officient - "except."
• 1) Okrichnina - hereditary land possession of women from the Grand-Magnife family.
• 2) Oprichnina - hereditary land ownership of Ivan ιV Grozny.
• 3) Oprichnina - Ivan's policy ιv in 1565-1572, accompanied by terror.

Oprichnik - A man consisting in the ranks of the Okrichny troops, that is, the Guard created by Ivan Grozny as part of his political reform in 1565. Scrapper Late term. In the time of Ivan the Terrible Ochrichnikov called "sovereign people."

On the eve of the Officials.

• Already during the first stage of the Livonian war, the king reproached his governor in insufficiently decisive actions. He found that "the boyars do not recognize his authority in military matters."
• In 1563, the king is changing Prince Kurbsky, which gives the intelligence officers of the king in Livonia and participates in the offensive actions of the Poles and Lithuanians.
• Treason Kurbsky strengthens Ivan Vasilyevich in thought that there is a boyars plot against him, the boyars not only wish to stop the war, but also plot to kill him and put on the throne of Prince Vladimir Andreyevich Staritsky, cousin Ivan the Terrible. And that the Metropolitan and Boyarskaya Duma stand up for optical and impede him, the Russian self-container, to punish movements, therefore emergency measures are required.

Correspondence of Grozny with Kurbansky.

• Kurbsky: "The king should look for a good and useful advice not only at advisers, but also in nationwide people, since the gift of the Spirit is not given by wealth external, but also by the rule of mental."
• Grozny: "Your Scripture is accepted and read ... The snake poison is under your tongue, and therefore, although your letter is filled with honey and honeycombs, but it tastes pretty wormwood ... In the blindness of your malice, you are not able to see the truth ... whether it is not afraid of mind Do not want to be under the authority of your slaves?

Chronicle of Officials:

• December 1564-February1565- Departure Ivan to Alexander Sloboda.
• "On December 3, 1564 surprised and frightened to the extremes of Muscovites ... From the gate of the Kremlin, an endless train from the carriage was crashing in this frosty morning, the Tsar with the queen Mary Temryukovna ... left their residence.
• Section of the country at the "Okrichnin" and "Zemshchina".
• Boyar execution in Moscow.
• 1566 -1568 - Mass repressions. Executed 500 people. Metropolitan Philip condemns an oprichnin and leaves the Metropolitan department.
• 1569 -1570 - wave executions. Spraul over V. Staritsky.
• 1570 - Hike to Novgorod.
• 1570 - execution I. Viscovatoy.
• 1571 - DEVTLET - Hire.
• 1572 - New campaign Devlet - Hire.
• 1572 - Association of Okrichnina and the Zellow.
• July 30, 1572- Battle at the village of Young (commanded the troops of Vorotinsky).
• 1575 -1576 - Board of Simeon Bekbulatovich.
• 1576 - Return of Ivan ιv for the throne.

Historians about Okrichnin:

• All the dark, the stale atmosphere of the Middle Ages was penetrated by the cult of violence, disregard for the dignity and life of a person, all sorts of superstitions. Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich was not something exceptional in the long strip of medieval rulers - tyranans. (1572 - Warfolomeev night-made out of 30,000 people).
• The mass terror carried out in the Russian state in 1567-1570, created a situation that turned universal fear and suspicion into the most important element of public life. In the end, Ivan Grozny became the victim of fear. He lived on the whole Officon, he lived by the recovery in Sloboda and did not drive anywhere and did not go anywhere as under guard. (Skynnikov R.G. SERVICE terror).