Presentation on the topic "Inorganic cell substances". Inorganic substances cell Presentation to the lesson on biology (Grade 10) on the topic of inorganic substances Presentation

"Biology" Chemical composition of cells "" - signs of reaction. Cu-came the hemocyanins, hemoglobin synthesis, photosynthesis. Oxygen. Macroelements. Ultramic-elements. Zinc. Answer the questions. Differences of alive and inanimate nature. Lesson plan. C - Social ones of all organic matter. The composition of the human body. Trace elements. Biogenic elements. Chemical composition of the cell.

"The lesson" Chemical composition of the cell "is a protein structure. DNA - double spiral. Replication. Enzymes. Carbohydrates. Elementary composition of the cell. Nucleotide. Molecular level. Types of RNA. Nucleic acids. RNA is a single chain. Inorganic substances. Chemical composition of the cell. Lipids. Hydrogen molecule. Proteins. PH bufferiness. Properties of a protein molecule. Principle of complementarity.

"Inorganic cell substances" - elements included in the cell. Oxygen. 80 chemical elements. Macroelements. The content of chemical compounds in the cell. Ultramic-elements. Magnesium. Trace elements. Chemical composition of the cell. Biogenic elements. Water functions. Contents in different cells.

The "chemical composition of the cell" - water plays an important role in cell life. Calcium oxeline crystals. Monomer. Carbohydrates. Carbon. Trace elements. Polymer. Homeostasis. Part. Camel's ability to endure the heat. Lipids. Functions of carbohydrates. Functions of minerals. Ammonia. Work with terms. Indicate an excess chemical connection. In the cells of what organisms is contained in tens of times more carbohydrates. Water functions in a cage.

"Cell substances" - the role of vitamins in a person's life. Vitamins in vital cells. How and where the ATP is formed. ATP function. Vitamin. Virus value. Disorders associated with a disadvantage or excess of vitamins. Interesting Facts. ATP and other organic cage substances. The structure of viruses. Modern classification of vitamins. Vitamins and vitamin-like substances. Opening viruses. ATP. Micrographs of viruses. The life of viruses.

"Features of the chemical composition of the cell" - the features of the chemical composition of the cell. Oxygen. Dogs. Hydrogen bonds. Types of water. Solution. Abstracts. Metal ions. Groups of chemical elements. Carbon. Chemical cell components. Minerals in a cage. Records in notebook. Water. Water in the body is unevenly distributed. The ratio of organic and inorganic substances in the cell. Chemical cell elements. Cells.

Inorganic substances included in the cell
Author: Nikiforova E.N. Biology teacher, MBOU boarding school №1 Sarov
The purpose of the lesson: consider the features of the structure of the water molecule, properties, the value of water for living organisms. Examine the value of mineral salts in the vital activity of the cell. In o d and water, - You have no taste, nor the color, no smell. Do you enjoy, without knowing what you are ... You are life itself! Antoine de Saint-Exupery from which the amount of water in the cell depends?
The average amount of water in the cells of living organisms - 75 - 85%
The content of water in living organisms: 1. In the cells of the enamel of the teeth - about 10% of the water; 2. In the cells of the developing embryo - more than 90%; 3. In the cells of the brain - 85%; 4. In the body of jellyfish - 98% water molecule - dipole.
+
–
Such simple - complex water. Recall the structure of the water molecule. The scheme of the formation of ties between individual water dipoles. Water properties 1. Water may be in three aggregate hydrophilic states -
Hydrophobic -
water soluble (alcohols, sugar, salt)
insoluble in water (fats, fiber, some proteins)
2. Universal solvent
Substances relative to water 2. It has good thermal conductivity and high heat capacity
One of the main components of the cells. There is a significant role in the exchange. It will substantiate a large role in the thermoregulation of living organisms of the habitat of many organisms.
Value for organisms Mineral salts Mineral salts
in ion state
in solid sight
cations
anions
K +, Ca2 +, Na +, Mg2 +
CL-, HCO3-, H2PO42-, HPO42-
the excitation of nerve cells
The concentration of ions in the cell and the surrounding medium is different. Reducing muscle fibers bufferiness - the ability of the cell to maintain a weakly alkaline response of its contents at a constant level. Mineral salts in solid form. Homework Read the textbook text on page 105 - 107 Create your presentation on the topic studied.

On the topic: Methodical development, presentations and abstracts

the presentation will help with the explanation of the concept of carbohydrates theme "Organic substances included in the cell" ...

The subject of the lesson: "Chemical organization of the cell. Inorganic substances included in the cell ". Lesson. Lesson: study the chemical composition of the cell, reveal the role of inorganic substances.

Organic substances included in the cell. Proteins, structure, functions.

Biology lesson in grade 10 with the use of Singapore learning structures. The lesson was created on the basis of a program for general educational institutions to a set of textbooks created by ...

Chemical elements. In the cell there is an overwhelming number of all the chemical elements (81) in the cell in the cell, the overwhelming number of elements found in the nature of the chemical elements (81) is called structural (or macroselements) \u003d\u003e 99% of the elemental composition of the human body (C, O, N , N, Ca, Mg, Na, K, S, P, F, CL). 12 elements are called structural (or macroelements) \u003d\u003e 99% of the elemental composition of the human body (C, O, N, N, Ca, Mg, Na, K, S, P, F, CL). The main building material is the four elements: C, O, N, N. The main building material is the four elements: C, O, H, N. The remaining elements are in a cell in a small amount by volume and play an important role to maintain its livelihoods. The remaining elements are in a cell in minor in terms of quantities and play an important role to maintain its livelihoods. 99% of the elemental composition of the human body (C, O, N, N, CA, MG, NA, K, S, P, F, CL). 12 elements are called structural (or macroelements) \u003d\u003e 99% of the elemental composition of the human body (C, O, N, N, Ca, Mg, Na, K, S, P, F, CL). The main building material is the four elements: C, O, N, N. The main building material is the four elements: C, O, H, N. The remaining elements are in a cell in a small amount by volume and play an important role to maintain its livelihoods. The remaining elements are in a cell in minor in terms of quantities and play an important role to maintain its livelihoods. "\u003e

Macroelements constitute the bulk of the cell - 99%. Especially high concentration of 4 elements: oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen. Make up the bulk of the cell - 99%. Especially high concentration of 4 elements: oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen. Are in a cell in the form of ions. Macroelements include: calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and chlorine ions. Are in a cell in the form of ions. Macroelements include: calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and chlorine ions.

Macroelements. Calcium ions take part in the regulation of a number of cellular processes, calcium ions take part in the regulation of a number of cellular processes, the concentration of magnesium ions is important for normal ribosomes. The concentration of magnesium ions is important for normal operation of ribosomes. Magnesium is part of chlorophyll and maintains normal mitochondria work. Magnesium is part of chlorophyll and maintains normal mitochondria work.

Macroelements. Potassium and sodium ions are involved in maintaining the constancy of the inner medium of the cell, regulate the osmotic pressure in the cell, ensure the transmission of the nervous impulse. Potassium and sodium ions are involved in maintaining the constancy of the inner medium of the cell, regulate the osmotic pressure in the cell, ensure the transmission of the nervous impulse. Chlorine in the form of anions is involved in the creation of a salt environment of animal organisms (for plants chlorine is a microelegen). Chlorine in the form of anions is involved in the creation of a salt environment of animal organisms (for plants chlorine is a microelegen).

Microelements of trace elements include predominantly heavy metal ions that are part of enzymes. These are elements such as copper, manganese, cobalt, iron, zinc, as well as boron, fluorine, chrome, selenium, aluminum, silicon, molybdenum, iodine and others. These include mainly heavy metal ions, which are part of enzymes. These are elements such as copper, manganese, cobalt, iron, zinc, as well as boron, fluorine, chrome, selenium, aluminum, silicon, molybdenum, iodine and others. Participate in redox reactions participate in oxidative - reducing reactions

UltramicROielements: The concentration in the cell does not exceed 0.000001%. The concentration in the cell does not exceed 0.000001%. Act in the role of enzyme inhibitors. Act in the role of enzyme inhibitors. Ultramicroelements include uranium, radium, gold, mercury, beryllium, cesium, selenium and other rare elements. Ultramicroelements include uranium, radium, gold, mercury, beryllium, cesium, selenium and other rare elements.

The answer to the question: water is an excellent solvent for many substances of a living organism, i.e. Water is a medium in which most chemical reactions associated with the metabolism flows. Water is an excellent solvent for many substances of a living organism, i.e. Water is a medium in which most chemical reactions associated with the metabolism flows. With water exchange, thermoregulation occurs. With water exchange, thermoregulation occurs. With water removed from the cells toxic substances. With water removed from the cells toxic substances.

The role of water in the cage: ensuring the elasticity of the cell. Consequences of the loss of water cage fading leaves, fruit drying; acceleration of chemical reactions due to dissolving substances in water; Ensuring the movement of substances: the flow of most substances into the cell and the removal of them from the cell in the form of solutions; participation in a number of chemical reactions; Participation in the process of heat regulation due to the ability to slow heating and slow cooled.

Mineral salts. In addition to the water, among the inorganic substances, the cells are also contained. Salts are either dissociated or in a solid state. In addition to the water, among the inorganic substances, the cells are also contained. Salts are either dissociated or in a solid state. From the concentration of salts, osmotic pressure in the cell and its buffer properties depend. From the concentration of salts, osmotic pressure in the cell and its buffer properties depend.

Buffer systems are biological fluids. - These are biological fluids of the body. Perform a protective function - contribute to maintaining the constancy pH in the cell. Perform a protective function - contribute to maintaining the constancy pH in the cell.

The buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e out of severe acid is formed with weak acid. + strong acid \u003d\u003e buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from a strong acid "title \u003d" (! lang: mechanism of action of buffer systems. If the cell falls: if the cell falls: + strong acid \u003d\u003e buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from a strong acid is formed Weak acid. + severe acid \u003d\u003e buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from strong acid" class="link_thumb"> 23 !} The mechanism of action of buffer systems. If the cell falls: if the cell falls: + strong acid \u003d\u003e buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from severe acid, weak acid is formed. + severe acid \u003d\u003e buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from a strong acid formed weak acid. The same happens with the grounds. The same happens with the grounds. The buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e out of severe acid is formed with weak acid. + strong acid \u003d\u003e buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from a strong acid "\u003e buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from a strong acid a weak acid is formed. . The same happens with the grounds. "\u003e The buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from a strong acid, weak acid is formed. + strong acid \u003d\u003e buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from a strong acid "title \u003d" (! lang: mechanism of action of buffer systems. If the cell falls: if the cell falls: + strong acid \u003d\u003e buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from a strong acid is formed Weak acid. + severe acid \u003d\u003e buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from strong acid"> title="The mechanism of action of buffer systems. If the cell falls: if the cell falls: + strong acid \u003d\u003e buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from severe acid, weak acid is formed. + severe acid \u003d\u003e buffer system reacts \u003d\u003e from strong acid"> !}

Inorganic cells cells

Topic: "The structure and composition of the cell",

biology 10-11 class

The cell includes approximately 80 chemical elements of the Mendeleev system. All these elements are found in inanimate nature. .

Classification of cell chemical elements

Chemical cell elements

Microelements

Macroelements

Ultramicro -

elements

heavy ions

metals,

included in the composition

enzymes, Gormonov

99% all the masses

concentration

in a cage

0,000001%

cells

O, C, H, N, S, P,

K, Mg, Na, Ca, Fe, Cl.

to be contained in large quantities, in sum make up more 99% masses of a living organism. it oxygen (o), hydrogen (H), carbon (c), nitrogen ( N. ), sulfur ( S. ), phosphorus (F) , sodium (NA) , potassium (K) , chlorine (CL) , calcium (CA) , Magnesium (MG) .

but) H, O, C, N - 98%

• + S, P - Bioelements form organic compounds.

b. ) K, NA, CA, MG, FE, CL - about 2%

• K, na, cl - Permeability of cell membranes, carrying out a nervous impulse.
• P, CA. - Bone fabric formation, bone strength.
• CA. - Provides blood clotting.
• FE. - It is part of hemoglobin.
• MG. - It is part of chlorophyll in plants, in the composition of animal enzymes.

• Part of the elements is contained in organisms in extremely low concentrations (not higher than the thousandth share percent). These are biogenic trace elements. Their functions and the role are very diverse.

• These include predominantly heavy metal ions, which are part of enzymes, hormones and other vital substances. In the body, these elements are contained in very small quantities: from 0.001 to 0.000001%; including such elements bor, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, zinc, vanadium, iodine, bromine, etc.

• Zn. inside insulin - pancreatic hormone, enhances the activity of the germ.
• Cu. provides tissue growth, enters the enzymes.
• I. it is part of thyroxine - thyroid hormone.
• Zn. increases insulin - pancreatic hormone.
• F. enters the enamel of teeth.
• Co. included in vitamin B12
• MN. provides metabolism.
• B. responsible for the growth process.
• Mo. responsible for the use of iron, for fluorine delay in the body.

• The concentration of them does not exceed 0,000001%. The physiological role of the majority of these elements in the organisms of plants, animals and in the cells of bacteria has not yet been established. For it uranium, radium, gold, mercury, beryllium, cesium, selenium and other rare elements.

• Ultramic-elements are less than a bactericidal impact, mercury suppresses the reverse absorption of water in the renal tubules, having an impact on enzymes.
• Some of this group are also selenged, with its lack, cancer develops. The functions of ultramicroelements are still clearly understood.

• With lack calcium osteoporosis is developing (softness, porosity of bones), slowing down the growth of the skeleton. It is necessary to use dairy products.
• With lack magnesium muscular cramps, liquid loss by the organism. Products: vegetables, beans, nuts, milk, fruit.
• With lack chlorine - dry skin. Products: water, cook salt.
• With lack sodium - Headache, weak memory, loss of appetite. Products: tomatoes, apricots, peas, salty salt.
• With lack potassium - Heartmia of heart abbreviations, sudden death with increasing loads. Products - bananas, dried fruits, potatoes, tomatoes, zucchini.

• Phosphorus - External signs of insufficiency are unknown. It is contained in fish, dairy products, walnuts, buckwheat.

• With lack gland anemia develops. It is necessary to consume the liver, meat, green leaves of vegetables.
• With lack fluorine - Destruction of teeth. Products - fish, water.
• With lack zinc - skin damage. Products - meat, marine products.
• With lack iodine the goiter develops. It is necessary to consume persimmune, seafood, iodized salt.

The structure of water molecule.

Water molecule – dipole

The scheme of education of connections between individual dipoles water

• Water determines the physical properties of the cell - its volume, elasticity.
• Many chemical processes proceed only in aqueous solution.
• Water may be in three aggregate states
• Water is a good solvent: many substances come into a cage from the external environment in an aqueous solution, and in the aqueous solution, the exhaust products are derived from the cell.
• Water has a high heat capacity and thermal conductivity.
• Water has a unique property: when it is cooling it from +4 to 0 degrees, it expands. Therefore, ice turns out to be lighter than liquid water and remains on its surface. This is very important for organisms living in aquatic environment.
• Water can be a good lubricant material.

"The properties of water and its biological role"

Properties of water

The role in the vital activity of the cell.

1. The ability to dissolve substances in itself.

-All biochemical reactions proceed in aqueous solutions;

-Fer for transport of various substances (homeostasis);

2. High heat capacity and thermal conductivity.

-Argenition of thermal equilibrium;

Uniform distribution of heat between all parts of the body.

3. High evaporation intensity.

- drives to rapid heat loss,

- Holds from overheating

4. Water system

-Sellification of the shape of the cell.

5. High power tension surface

Provides ascending and downward transport of substances in plants and blood flow in capillaries.

Among the cells of the cell in the first place by weight is water. The water content in different cells varies from 60 to 98%. It depends on the:

1. Type of cells

Bones – 20%

Tooth enamel - 10%

Neuron - 85%

2. Intensity of metabolism .

• in embryo cells

- 90-95%,

• in old organisms

– 60%

High water content in the cell - the most important condition for its activities .

• With the loss of most water, many organisms are dying, and a number of unicellular and even multicellular organisms temporarily lose all signs of life (Anabiosis):

• With the loss of water to 2% body masses (1-1,5 l) it appears thirst, with a loss of 6-8% comes seven
• When lacking 10% hallucinations appear, violated swallowing.
• When water loss in volume 12 % by mass body, man dies.

Water value in a cell

• Water is a good solvent

Water An excellent solvent of polar substances (salts, sugar, simple alcohols). Soluble substances in water are called hydrophilic.

Absolutely non-polar substances like fats or oils water does not dissolve and is not mixed with them, since it cannot form hydrogen bonds with them. Insoluble in water substances are called hydrophobic .

Water value in a cell

2. Transport.

Water provides the movement of substances into a cell, from the cell, as well as inside the cell itself and the body.

3. Metabolic.

Water is a medium for all biochemical reactions in the cell.

a) hydrolysis reactions

b) In the process of photosynthesis, water is an electron donor and a source of hydrogen atoms. It is the source of free oxygen. Photo lights of water - splitting water under the action of light to H + and about 2

Water value in a cell

b) Water is involved in education lubricating liquids (Sinovial in vertebrate joints; pleural in the pleural cavity, pericardial in the window-shaped bag) and mucus (which facilitate the movement of substances by intestines, create a wet medium on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract). It is part of saliva, bile, tears, etc.

Water value in a cell

4. Structural .

a) cell cytoplasm contains from 60 to 95% water. In plants, water determines the cell turgors, and some animals perform reference functions, being a hydrostatic skeleton (Round and ring worms, iglozzhe).

Water value in a cell

5. Heat regulation.

Water has a high specific heat capacity. This property maintains the thermal balance of the body with significant temperature differences in the environment. In addition, water has a high thermal conductivity which allows the body to maintain the same temperature in all its volume .

Mineral salts

in ion state

in solid sight

cations

anions

TO + , CA. 2+ , Na. + , MG. 2+

FROM l. - , HCO. 3 - ,

H. 2 PO. 4 2- , HPO. 4 2-

Substances

Nitrogen compounds

Location and transformation

Phosphorus compounds

Properties

In the cells of plants, ammonium and nitrate ions are restored and included in the synthesis of amino acids. Animal amino acids go to build their own proteins. When eliminating organisms are included in the cycle of substances in the form of free nitrogen.

Particulated in proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and ATP

Fluoro phosphate salts are in the soil, dissolved with root plants and are absorbed. The remains of phosphoric acid during the elimination of organisms are mineralized, forming salts.

Connections of potassium

Included in all membrane structures; Nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, ATP, fabric enzymes (bone)

Calcium compounds

Potassium is contained in all cells in the form of potassium ions, the concentration of which is much higher than in the environment. After dying, returns to the environment in the form of potassium ions.

The "potassium pump" cells contributes to penetration through the membrane. Activates the vital activity of the cell, the excitation and impulses.

Calcium is contained in cells in the form of ions and salt crystals.

Forms an intercellular substance and crystals in plants cells. It is included in the bones, shells, lime skeletons.

Cations in a cage

Essential cations TO + , Na. + , CA. 2+ and etc.

On the outer surface of the membrane always more Na. + than on the inner and less than K. + , than on the inner. These cations provide causability of the cell and carrying out the nervous pulse.

The concentration of ions in the cell and the surrounding medium is different.

reducing muscle fibers

the excitation of nerve cells

Anions in a cage

The most important anions: N. 2 RO 4 - NRO 4 2- NSO 3 -, FROM l. -

Bufferiness - The ability to maintain pH at a certain level.

PH value equal 7,0 correspond to neutral below 7.0 is acidic, above 7.0 is an alkaline solution. In a cage pH \u003d. 7,4.

Ions

Na. + - Sodium

Chief extracellular positive ion. Provides nerve impulses, maintains osmotic pressure in the cell, stimulates the synthesis of hormones

MG. 2+ - Magnesium

The structural component of chlorophyll, activates the formation of many enzymes.

Cl- – chlorine

It is contained in the bones, teeth, activates the synthesis of DNA, the energy exchange of the predominant negative ion in the body of animals. It is a component of gastric juice in the form of hydrochloric acid, activates enzymes

K. + – potassium

The predominant positive ion inside the cell. Conducts the conduct of nerve impulses, an activator of protein synthesis enzymes, photosynthesis processes, plant growth.

CA. 2+ - Calcium

The plants are included in the cage shell. The main component of bones and teeth. Activates the reduction of muscle fibers and blood turning