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Galileo Galilee - the Great Italian Physic
Mathematics, engineer and astronomer.
He was born in noble, but impoverished
Florentine family. At the age of 20 threw medicine and
Immersed in physics and astronomy.

۞
He made a lot of discoveries as in
Physics and astronomy.
Galileo Galilee created a section of science
About movement - kinematics.
Opened the laws of falling bodies and
Swing pendulum.
Discovered that acceleration of free
Falling bodies does not depend on their mass.
First pointed to existence
Inertia phenomena.
Developed the laws of statics.
Built the first visual tube
For astronomical studies.
Laid the foundations of heaven
Mechanics.

Opened satellites
Jupiter
Sunny spots I.
Phases Venus.
I made sure that
Milky Way
comprises
A huge number
stars.
Proved that
Surface of the Moon
not smooth, and
covered by mountains I.
Ozerates crater.

♦ This fluent list allowed
would rank galilee to the greatest
Astronomers and physicists of all time.

Rare scientists
showed their talents
in different spheres of science
and reached such vertices
Like Galilee.

Galileo was strong and purposeful
man. He passionately defended
Heliocentric Copernicus theory,
despite the cruel persecution
Church. (Colosseum - Symbol of Italy.)

Inquisition.

In January 1632 released
Famous "Dialogue about two
Inquisition.
major systems of the world,
Ptolemaeva and Copernian ", in
which Galiley brilliantly
develops the teachings of N. Copernicus about
The movement of the earth. This is an essay
caused anger of the Inquisition, and through
Several months have been received
Order from Rome on termination
further selling books, then
The requirement of the Inquisition followed
About Galilee Table in Rome. Galilee
officially considered "prisoner
Inquisition. "After four
Interrogations in June 1633. Galilee
Recovered from the teaching of Copernicus. His
It was forbidden to print their
Proceedings, but the work of Galilee is still
Wrapped in light.
And only in 1971. Catholic
The church canceled the decision about
Galilean's condemnation.

Neptune could be open
much earlier than that
Made in 1846 Galle
calculations leverage.
It turns out that
The discoverer Neptune
Could be Galileo Galile!
Great Italian
Astronomer watching Jupiter
and its satellites system 28
December 1612, noted
on sketch and neptune,
the brilliance was on
That moment was
Approximately 8 stars
values.

Even a month later he
fixed in Figure
Two stars who hit
In the field of view of the telescope
scientist, but one of them
Was really
star, and the second "star"
There was Neptune. He is
Watched next night
And on other days. At the expense
This Galilee said: "...
A little further were
Located on one
Lines two stars. They are
Also observed by me
last night, but me
for some reason it seems that they
were a little further friend
from friend…"

By the way, Galilee was not
last of those who
observed Neptune, counting it
star. Planet Neptune
"Watched" John Flemstide in
1690, but by mistake
accepted him for the star
The position of which is O.
fixed in its own
Catalog Stars. The same
The error was allowed by others
For example, Land (17321807), French Astronomer,
which is mostly
Engaged in learning
Positions planets. His
Tables of positions Planet
were very popular in 19
century.

Death of the Great Scientist

In 1637. Galilee
Elephant. Died in Ville
Archeryry, near
Florence. Only in
1737 was
Perforced last
Will of the Scientist: His
dust transported in
Florence I.
solemnly
Ski near S.
Michelangelo.

Chronology.

1564 Galilee was born on February 15 in Pisa.
1579 Training in the monastery of Santa Maria di
Valvaluboz
1583 his first known observation
The oscillations of the pendulum.
Acquaintance with geometry.
1585 Return to the parent house (then in
Florence).
1586 Building hydrostatic scales.
Work on the center of gravity of solid bodies.
1587 The first trip to Rome.
1590 -1591
Work on the move.

Chronology.

1592
1593
1597
1599
1600
1601
1604
1606
Place professor in Padua.
Work on the mechanics.
Work on military fortifications.
Construction of a proportional circulation.
Treatise on heaven or cosmography.
Reflection of acquaintance with Copernation in a letter
Kepler.
Start of living together with Marina Gamba.
The birth of the first daughter, Virginia.
Birth of the second daughter, Libya.
Testing machines for water lifting.
Construction of the thermometer.
Birth of a son Vincenzo.

Chronology.

1609
Study of the laws of fall and throwing.
Reproduction of the design of the visual pipe.
1610 Opening of Jupiter satellites.
Publication of the "Star Bulletin".
Opening Saturn Rings.
Observation of solar spots.
Opening mountains on the moon.
Milky Way permission to
Separate stars.
Court mathematician I.
Philosopher in Florence.
Opening of Venus phases.

Chronology.

1611
The second trip to Rome.
ACCADEMIA DEI Lincei membership.
Acquaintance with Cardinal Barberini (future
Pope
Urban VIII).
Cardinal Bellarming presents information about
Galilee discoveries.
1612 Work on bodies staying in water.
The proposal of the Galilean method
Definitions of longitude
Spanish government.
Preaching Father Lorini
against Galilee.
1613 Article on solar spots.

Chronology.

1614
Daughters Galilee go to the monastery.
Attacks of Kachchini's father on Galilea.
1615 Article Foot Fotoskarini.
Donos Inquisition on Galilee from
Father Lorini.
Third trip to Rome.
1616 The doctrine of tidal phenomena.
Letters of Galilee in protecting Copernation.
Conclusion of 11 skills of Holy
College.
Adventure of Galilee inquisition.
Conclusion Cardinal Bellarmina about bonds
Galilea.
Decree on the prohibition of Copernian teachings.
Departure of Galilee from Rome in June.

Chronology.

1618 Ride Galilee on Bogomol in Loreto.
The work of the father of Grassi about comets.
1619 Vincenzo Galilee received the legal rights of the Son.
1920 Death of Mother Galilee Julia Ammannati Di Pesha.
1621 Member of the Consulate Florentine Academy.
1623 The work of the "Gold Test Welcome" ("Types of Scales").
Cardinal Barberney becomes Pope Urban VIII.
1624 Four trips to Rome.
1628 severe disease.
Place on the Council of two hundred and thereby Florentine
citizenship.
1630 Providing a pension from Kanonikat Pisan
Cathedral
Through Urban VIII.
Fifth trip to Rome to promote receipt
Dialogo printing permissions in Florence.

Chronology.

Printing Dialogo V.
1633 Florence.
Chronology
Eye disease Galilee.
.
The order of the Pope to appear before the inquisition,
Despite the disease, life-threatening.
1633 Sixth trip to Rome in
1634
January - February.
The process in the next months.
Renunciation on June 22.
Stay in Siena.
Since December, link to Archeryry.
1634 Death of Daughter Virginia
1635 (sisters Mary Cheesette).
1635 Publishing Dialogo abroad.
Secret negotiations on the possibility of working in
Amsterdam.
1636 gene. The states of Holland are interested in the method
Galilee.
Definitions of longitude.
1632

Chronology.

dISP.HTML?
Chronology.
1637 Full blindness on the right eye.
1638 blindness on both eyes.
In Leiden, Discorsi goes into the light.
1639 Vincenzo Viviani in Galileo.
1641 Evangelist Torricelli in Galilee.
1642 Death January 8th.
Premises in the Santa Croce Church.
1737 Transfer to Mausoleum in the Church of Santa
Croce I.
Construction of a monument to
Viviani will.
1835 Exclusion Dialogo from Index
Forbidden books.
1979 Rehabilitation of Galilee Pope John
Paul II.

Literature

E. Schmutzer, V. Syutz
Mir Publishing House, 1987
"Galileo Galilei"
Journal "Astronomy"
Astronomical site
"Galaxy"
Publishing House "Word", 1997
"Literature. Schoolboy Directory"

END

Content
Tired of reading?
Literature
Years of life
Biography (start)
Discoveries
1
2
Inquisition
It is interesting
1
2
Biography (end) chronology
1564-1591
1592-1606
1609-1610
1611-1613
1614-1616
1618-1630
1632-1636
1637-1979
Literature
the end

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Presentation of teacher physicists GOU "Sanatorian school - boarding school of Kalininska Saratov region" Vasalyk Marina Viktorovna Galileo Galilee

Galileo Galilee is an Italian physicist, a mechanic, astronomer, a philosopher and mathematician, which has had a significant impact on the science of his time. He was the first to use a telescope to observe the heavenly bodies and made a number of outstanding astronomical discoveries. Galilee is the founder of experimental physics. With its experiments, he convincingly denied the ascent metaphysics of Aristotle and laid the foundation of classical mechanics. During his lifetime, he was known as an active supporter of the heliocentric system of the world, which led Galilee to a serious conflict with the Catholic Church.

Galiley was born in 1564 in the Italian city of Pisa, in the family of akin, but impoverished Nobleman Vincenzo Galileo, composer and butterist. Full name: Galileo di Vincenzo Bonayuti de Galilee. In the family, Vincenzo Galilee and Julia Ammannati was six children, but it was all four to survive: Galileo (senior of children), Virginia's daughters, Libya and the younger son Michelangelo, who later acquired fame as composer-butter. early years

The initial formation of Galilee was received in the nearby Valvalombosis Monastery. The boy loved to learn and became one of the best disciples in the classroom. He wanted to become a priest, but his father was against. According to the compositions of Galilee, it is also possible to conclude that he has a wonderful literary talent. About childhood Galilee knows a bit. From the early years of the boy attracted to art; Throughout his life, he will carry love for music and drawing, which owned perfectly. In mature years, the best artists of Florence were consulted with him in perspective issues and compositions.

In 1581, 17-year-old Galilee at the insistence of the Father entered the University of Pisa to study medicine. He also visited lectures on geometry and very fond of this science. Galiley stayed by a student of incomplete three years. Probably, during these years he met the theory of Copernicus, which in those years was not still officially prohibited. Astronomical problems were then vividly discussed, especially in connection with the calendar reform just conducted. In 1592, Galilee received a place in the prestigious and rich in Paduan University, where he taught astronomy, mechanics and mathematics. During these years, he wrote the treatise "Mechanics", which caused some interest and was reissued in French translation. In early work, as well as in the correspondence, Galilean gave the first sketch of a new general theory of falling the bodies and movement of the pendulum.

The reason for the new stage in the scientific research of Galilea was the appearance of a new star in 1604, called now supernovae. It awakens a universal interest in astronomy, and Galilee performs with a cycle of private lectures. Having learned about the invention in the Holland of the visual pipe, Galiley in 1609 designs his own first telescope and directs it into the sky.

Seen Galileem was so strikingly that even many years later were people who refused to believe in his discoveries and claimed that this is an illusion or obsession. Galileo opened the mountains on the moon, the Milky Way broke up into individual stars, but they particularly struck contemporaries found by 4 satellites of Jupiter. They were called "Galilean satellites."

Io Europe Gamornad Callisto

Galiley continues scientific research in Florence and opens the phases of Venus, stains in the sun, and then the rotation of the sun around the axis. Venus

It was especially indignant to the ill-wishers of the Galilean of its propaganda of the heliocentric system of the world, since the rotation of the Earth contradicted the texts of the Psalms and the episode from the "Book of Jesus Navina", which refers to the immobility of the Earth and the movement of the Sun. In 1611, Galilee, I decided to go to Rome, hoping to convince the Pope that Copernation was fully compatible with Catholicism. Josquin Jawin stops the sun. Rome officially determines heliocentrism as a dangerous heresy. He was able to achieve only assurances that he personally threaten him, but henceforth any support for the "Copernian Yersi" should be discontinued.

The creation of new mechanics in 1624 Galilee published "Letters to Ingoli." In its consideration, Galilee equates the stars to the Sun, indicates a tremendous distance to them, indicates the infinity of the universe. In modern terminology, Galiley proclaimed uniformity of space (lack of the center of the world) and equality of inertial reference systems. If any point of the world can be named its center, then this is the center of appeals of celestial bodies; And in it, as you know, anyone who understands these issues is the sun, and not the Earth.

Conflict with the Catholic Church of Galilee before the court of the Inquisition. At the end of the first interrogation of the accused took under arrest. Galiley spent in the conclusion of only 18 days

Soon after the death of the daughter of Galilee completely lost sight, but continued research. The Galilee content mode did not differ from the prison, and he was constantly threatened with the translation into prison for the slightest violation of the regime. Tito Lessey. Galilee and Viviani

In 1737, Galilee's asheek, as he asked, was transferred to the Basilica of Santa Croce, where on March 17, he was solemnly buried next to Michelangelo. Galileo Galilei died on January 8, 1642, at the 78th year of life, in his bed. Dad Urban banned to bury Galilee in a family-run Basilica Santa Croce in Florence. Buried him in Archeryry without honors, the monument of dad also did not allow.

Galilee studied inertia and free drop in tel. In particular, he noticed that the acceleration of free fall does not depend on the weight of the body, thus refuted by the first assertion of Aristotle. He absolutely suggested that the flight of such a body will be a superposition (overlay) of two "simple movements": a uniform horizontal movement on inertia and an equilibrium vertical fall. Galilei proved that the indicated, as well as any body thrown to the horizon, the body flies on Parabole. The law of mechanics (the law of inertia): in the absence of external forces, the body either rests, or is evenly moving. Galilee published a study of the oscillations of the pendulum and stated that the period of oscillations does not depend on their amplitude. Periods of pendulum oscillations correlate as square roots from its length. In the static Galilei introduced the fundamental concept of the moment of force. Discoveries

In 1609, Galilee independently built his first telescope with a convex lens and concave eyepiece. The pipe gave an approximately three-time increase. Soon he managed to build a telescope, giving an increase of 32 times. It should be noted that the term telescope introduced Galilee Moon to science, like Earth, it has a complex relief - covered in mountains and craters. The ash lights known since ancient times, explained as the result of entering our natural satellite of sunlight, reflected land. Galilee also noted strange "appendages" at Saturn, but the discovery of the ring was prevented by the weakness of the telescope and the ring of the ring, who hip it from the earth's observer. The Milky Way, which looks like a non-equipped eye as a solid radiance, collapsed into individual stars (which confirmed a dedication of a democritus), and a huge number of previously unknown stars became visible.

The theory of probability includes its study on outcomes when throwing playing bones. In his "reasoning about the game in the bone", a fairly complete analysis of this task was held. In the "conversations about two new sciences", he formulated "Galilee's paradox": natural numbers as much as their squares, although most of the numbers are not squares. This pushed further to the study of the nature of infinite sets and their classification; The process of creating the theory of sets ended. Mathematics

Galileo invented: hydrostatic scales to determine the specific weight of solid bodies. Galilee described their design in the "La Bilancetta" treatise. The first thermometer, even without a scale (1592). The proportional circus used in the intensive business (1606). Microscope, poor quality (1612); With its help, Galiley studied insects. She was also engaged in optics, acoustics, theory of color and magnetism, hydrostatic, material resistance, limiting problems. He conducted an experiment to measure the speed of light, which it considered the final (without success). He was the first experimental way measured the air density, which Aristotle considered 1/10 water density; The Galilee Experiment gave a value of 1/400, which is much closer to the true value (about 1/770). Clearly formulated the law of non-profitability of the substance.

Students Borelli, who continued to study the satellites of Jupiter; He one of the first formulated the law of global. The founder of biomechanics. Viviani, the first biographer of Galileo, a talented physicist and mathematician. Cavalieri, the forerunner of mathematical analysis, in the fate of which supporting Galilee played a huge role. Castelli, creator of hydrometry. Torricelli, who became an outstanding physicist and inventor.

In honor of Galilee, Jupiter's "Galilean" satellites opened by them. Crater on the moon (-63º, + 10º). Crater on Mars (6º S.Sh., 27º ZD) Asteroid 697 Galilee. The principle of relativity and conversion of coordinates in classical mechanics. Space Probe NASA "Galileo" (1989-2003). European project "Galileo" satellite navigation system. The unit of acceleration "Gal" (GAL) in the SGS system, equal to 1 cm / s². Scientific entertainment and cognitive TV program Galileo, featured in several countries. In Russia, it is coming from 2007 to the STS. Airport in Pisa. In commemoration of the 400th anniversary of the first observations of Galileo, the UN General Assembly announced 2009 by the year of astronomy.

"And nevertheless, she spins" well-known a legend, according to which, after the dismissed renunciation, Galiley said "and still she spins!". However, there is no evidence. As historians discovered, this myth was launched in appealing in 1757 by journalist Giuseppe Baretti and became widely known in 1761 after the book of Baretti's book into French.

Galilean and the Pisa Tower There is a legend that Galiley dropped objects of different masses from the top of the Pisan Tower and measured the speed of their fall. Galilee really committed such experiments, but they were hardly related to the famous oblique tower in Pisa. Documented that Galilee measured the timing of balls on the inclined plane (1609). It should be taken into account that there were no exact clocks (there was no imperfect water clock and its own pulse for measuring Galile time), so the ball rolling was more convenient for measurements than the fall. At the same time, Galilee checked that the alignment laws obtained by them do not depend on the angle of inclination of the plane, and, therefore, they can be distributed in case of a fall.

In the original language Le Opere di Galileo Galilei. - Firenze: G. Barbero Editore, 1929-1939. This is a classic commented publication of works of Galilee in the original language in 20 volumes (reprinting an earlier collection of 1890-1909), which was called "National Edition" (ITAL. EDIZIONE Nazionale). The main works of Galilee are contained in the first 8 volumes of publication. Volume 1. On Motion (De Motu), about 1590. Volume 2. Mechanic (Le Meccaniche), about 1593. Volume 3. Star Bulletin (Sidereus Nuncius), 1610. Volume 4. Discourts about bodies immersed in water (Discorso intorno Alle Cose, Che Stanno in Su L'Aqua), 1612. Volume 5. Letters of solar spots (Historia E Dimostrazioni intorno Alle Macchie Solari), 1613. Volume 6. Types of work Master (IL Saggiatore), 1623. Volume 7. Dialogue About two systems of the world (Dialogo Sopra I Due Massimi Sistemi Del Mondo, Tolemaico E Copernicano), 1632. Volume 8. Conversations and mathematical evidence of two new sciences (Discorsi E Dimostrazioni Matematiche InTorno a Due Nuove Scienze), 1638. Lettera Al Padre Benedetto Castelli (Castelly correspondence), 1613.

the Famous Italian Physicist, Engineer and Astronomer

There Were Six Children In A Family of Vincenzo Galilei and Giulia Ammannati and He Was The Eldest. Only Four Children of Their Family Survived.

For a Time He Lied in A Shelter of the Monastery in Florence

Galileo Is Often Called The Founder of Modern Science. HE MADE MANY DISCOVERIES IN ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS AND HE BUILT TELESCOPES TO STUDY SPACE.

In 1609 Galileo Constructed His First Telescope. He Used It To Observe The Stars and The Planets. HE SAW THINGS THAT NOBODY HAD EVER SEEN BEFORE. Galileo Discovered That The Moon "S Surface Was Not Smooth and Flat, Like Everyone Thougoht.

In January Discovered 4 Moons Revolving Around The Jupiter. They Were Named After Him, The Galilean Moons.

In 1633 Galileo Was Sentenced to Life Imprisonment

But Because of Poor Health, He Was Under House Arrest

HE SPENT THE LAST YEARS OF HIS LIFE IN FLORENCE, WHERE HE CONTINUED TO WORK ON HIS THEORIES AND EVEN PUBLISHED A FINAL BOOK.

History Tells US That After The Death of The Tooth Was Removed and 3 Fingers, One of Which Is Located in the National Museum of Florence

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B1632 came out the famous "dialogue about the two main systems of the world", in which Galilee defended the heliocentric Copernicus system. The yield of the book was a furious of the clergy, the Inquisition accused Galilee in Yersi and, having arranged the process, made publicly abandon Copernikovsky teaching, and the ban on the "dialogue". After the process in 1633, Galiley was announced by the "prisoner of the Holy Inquisition" and was forced to live first in Rome, and then in Archer Terry near Florence. However, the scientific activities of Galilee did not stop, to his illness (in 1637 Galilei finally lost vision), he completed the work "conversations and mathematical evidence relating to two new industries", which summarized its physical research. B1632 came out the famous "dialogue about the two main systems of the world", in which Galilee defended the heliocentric Copernicus system. The yield of the book was a furious of the clergy, the Inquisition accused Galilee in Yersi and, having arranged the process, made publicly abandon Copernikovsky teaching, and the ban on the "dialogue". After the process in 1633, Galiley was announced by the "prisoner of the Holy Inquisition" and was forced to live first in Rome, and then in Archer Terry near Florence. However, the scientific activities of Galilee did not stop, to his illness (in 1637 Galilei finally lost vision), he completed the work "conversations and mathematical evidence relating to two new industries", which summarized its physical research.

Slide 1.

Galileo Galilei

Italian philosopher, mathematician, physicist, mechanic and astronomer, which has had a significant impact on the science of his time.

Slide 2.

Biography.

Slide 3.

Galilee was born in 1564 in the Italian city of Pisa, in the family of akin, but impoverished nobleman, composer and butterist. In the family of Vincenzo Galilee and Julia Ammannati.

Slide 4.

In 1575, when the family moved to Florence, he was sent to school at the Valvabros monastery, where the "seven arts" was studied, in particular grammar, rhetoric, dialectics, arithmetic, met the works of Latin and Greek writers.

Slide 5.

In 1581 Galileo entered the insistence of his father in the University of Pisa, where medicine was supposed to study. At this time, he first met the physics of Aristotle, with the works of the ancient mathematicians - Euclida and Archimedes.

Slide 6.

Probably, during these years he met with Copernicus theory, which in those years was not still officially prohibited. The astronomy problems were then discussed, especially due to the calendar reform.

Slide 7.

Gwidobaldo del Monte.

The first result of a four-year period of life Galilee was a slight composition of small hydrostatic scales. The work pursued purely practical goals: improved the already known method of hydrostatic weighing, Galilee applied it to determine the density of metals and precious stones. He made several handwritten copies of his work and tried to spread them. This way, he met the famous mathematician of that time - the Marquis Guido Caloto del Monte, the author of the textbook on mechanics.

Slide 8.

Monte immediately appreciated the outstanding abilities of a young scientist and, having occupying a high inspector general of all fortresses and fortifications in the Duchy of Toskan, was able to provide a Galilee important service: on his recommendation in 1589 the latter received a place of professor of mathematics in the University of Pisa, where he had previously been a student.

Slide 9.

Works about movement ..

By the time of stay of Galilee at the Department in Pisa, his work is about movement ... In it, he first leads to arguments against Aristotelian teachings about the fall of tel.

Slide 10.

The reason for the new stage in the scientific research of Galilea was the appearance of a new star in 1604, called now supernovae. This awakens the universal interest in astronomy, and Galilee performs with a cycle of lectures, proving the truth of the Heliocentric model of the world. Having learned about the invention in the Netherlands of the visual pipe, Galilei in 1609 designs his own first telescope (at first - a three-time increase) and directs it into the sky.

Slide 11.

Galilee also noted strange "appendages" at Saturn, but the discovery of the ring was prevented by the weakness of the telescope and the ring of the ring, who hip it from the earth's observer. Half a century later, the Saturn Ring opened and described the Guigens, which was at the disposal of which was a 92-fold telescope.

Slide 12.

Several Galile telescopes gives the Venetian Senate, which as a sign of gratitude appoints him a lifetime professor with a tripled payment. The Galilee's first discoveries described in the composition of the Star Bulletin, published in Florence in 1610.

Slide 13.

Tuscan yard.

The pan-European glory and the need for money pushed Galilee to the destructive, as it turned out later, step: in 1610 he leaves a calm Venice, where he was unavailable for the Inquisition, and moves into Florence. The Duke of Kozimo II Medici, the son of Ferdinand, promised Galilean honorable and profitable place of advisor at the Tuscan yard. The promise he kept maintained that he freed Galilee from everyday trouble and made it possible to marry with a good dowry of his sisters.

Slide 14.

Duties of Galilee at the courtyard of the Duke Kozimo II were needed - training the sons of the Duke and participation in some cases as an adviser and representative of the Tuscan Duke. Galiley continues scientific research and opens the phases of Venus, stains in the sun, and then the rotation of the sun around the axis. Galilee was often their achievements (and often their priority) in a polemical style in a polemical style, which was made a lot of new enemies.

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Conflict with the Catholic Church

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The growth of the influence of Galilee, the independence of his thinking and sharp opposition in relation to the teachings of Aristotle contributed to the formation of an aggressive circle of his opponents consisting of professors-peripatetics and some church figures. The globestations of the Heliocentric system of the world were especially indignited, since the rotation of the Earth contradicted the texts of Psalms 93 and 104, as well as verses from Ecclesiast, where the fixedness of the Earth. In addition, a detailed substantiation of the concept of immobility of the Earth and the refutation of the hypotheses about its rotation was contained in the treatise of Aristotle "On Heaven" and in Almagest Ptolemy.

Slide 17.

In 1611, Galilee, in the haloe of his fame, decided to go to Rome, hoping to convince the Pope that Copernation was fully compatible with Catholicism. He adopted well, elected sixth member of the Scientific Academy of Dei Linchi, meets Pap Pavel V, influential cardinals. Demonstrated by their telescope, the explanations gave carefully and caution. Cardinals have created a whole commission to clarify the question, is not sinner to look at the sky into the pipe, but they came to the conclusion that it is permissible. Osmeliev, Galilee in a letter to his student Abbot Castelli stated that the Sacred Scripture applies only to the salvation of the soul and in scientific matters is not authoritative: "No Scripture has such a forced force, which there is any nature of nature." Moreover, he published this letter and a number of similar, which caused the emergence of denunciations in the inquisition. The last mistake of Galilee was the call for Rome to express the final attitude towards Copernation.

Slide 18.

The irritated success of the Reformation, the Catholic Church decides to strengthen its spiritual monopoly by spreading it to science and, in particular, forboving Copernation. The position of the Church clarifies the letter of influential Cardinal Bellarmino, directed April 12, 1615, the theologian Paolo Antonio Foskarini, the defender of Copernation. The Cartinal explains that the church does not object to the interpretation of Copernation as a convenient mathematical admission, but adopting it as a reality would mean recognition that the former, traditional The interpretation of the biblical text was erroneous. And this, in turn, shakes the authority of the Church.

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It is worth saying that the sun is still in the center of the world - the opinion is ridiculous, false from a philosophical point of view and formally the heretical, as it directly contradicts St. Scripture. To argue that the Earth is not in the center of the world, that it does not stay still and has even daily rotation, there is an opinion as ridiculous, false with a philosophical and sinful from a religious point of view. Pope Pavel V approved this decision. The book of Copernicus was included in the index of forbidden books "before its correction."

Slide 21.

In 1623, a new dad, under the name of Urban VIII, Matteo Barberini was elected, a longtime familiar and a friend of Galilea. Galiley went to Rome, hoping to get the cancellation of the edict of the 1616 year. He adopted with all the honors, was awarded with gifts and flattering words, but did not achieve anything in the main issue. Edict was canceled only two centuries later, in 1818.

Slide 22.

In 1628, the book is ready, and Galile provides its final version of the papal censorship. Two years he is waiting for her decisions, then decides to go to the trick. He adds a preface to the book, where he announces his intelligence of Copernation and transmits the Book of Tuscan censorship, and, for some information, in incomplete and relaxed form. Having received a positive feedback, he forwards him to Rome and finally receives a long-awaited permission.

Slide 23.

In 1632, the book "Dialogue about the two main systems of the world - Ptolemaeva and Copernikova" was published. The book is written in the form of a dialogue between two supporters of Copernicus and Symphability, adherent Aristotle and Ptolemy. There are no copyright conclusions in the book, but the force of arguments speaks for itself. It is significant that the book is not written on the scientist Latin, but on the "folk" Italian. Galilee hoped that the dad would be conducive to his trick, but he was calculated. In total, he himself recklessly sends 30 copies of his book with influential spiritual persons in Rome. It should be noted that shortly before the (1623), Galilei entered the conflict with Jesuits; The defenders in Rome remained little, and those, appreciating the danger of the situation, chose not to interfere.

Slide 24.

In the space-simplicity, the Roman dad found out himself, his arguments, and came into rage. After a few months, the book was banned and seized from the sale, and Galilee was summoned to Rome (despite the plague epidemic) to the court of the Inquisition on suspicion of heresy.

Slide 25.

After unsuccessful attempts to achieve a deferment, he obeyed and arrived in Rome in February 1633. The investigation has stretched from April 21 to 21, 1633.