Presentation on the topic of the tsunami. The consequences of the tsunami. Signs of the appearance of Tsunami

Topic: Tsunami training questions. Origin and classification of tsunami. The consequences of the tsunami. Prediction of Tsunami and measures to reduce damage from them. Rules of Safe Conduct for Tsunami

Tsunami - giant ocean waves arising from earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and sometimes hitting the shores.

Tsunami epicenters 1. 03/15/1924 2. 08/01/1940 3. 06/01/1964 4. 05/26/1983 5. 07/16/193. Soviet harbor Golden Plastun Small Kama Rudnaya Pier Olga Nakhodok Vladivostok Sosanovo Belkin Tokyo Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Russia Japan

Characteristics of Tsunami waves

The main parameters of the tsunami include: Tsunami speed - the distance that tsunami passes during a certain time; The height of the sea wave is the vertical distance between the comb and the wave sole; The length of the sea wave is the horizontal distance between the two vertices or soles of sea waves; The sea wave period is the time interval between the arrival of two consecutive waves.

Often, before the start of the tsunami, the water retreats from the coastline, exposing the bottom of several kilometers.

Then there is a series of waves with intervals between them 5 - 90 minutes. The first wave usually possesses the highest high, but one of the first ten (main wave).

Tsunami is classified due to the occurrence and intensity.

The destructive strength of the tsunami depends on the speed of the wave, the direction of its movement towards the shore, the contour of the coastline, the relief of the coast, the coastal slope and shelf.

Plated coasts are subject to the greatest exposure to the tsunami. Although, when approaching the common shore, its shock impact decreases, the flooding zone is very large.

Especially dangerous tsunami for towns, cities and structures located on the lowland shores of the ocean, as well as in the tops of the bays and bays, wide open Ocean and wednifically tapering towards sushi.

Divided from the coast action tsunami is not dangerous. Therefore, the courts who have time to leave the harbor and move away far away from the coast (not less than 6-8 km), the effects of the destructive waves are not exposed. However, ships in the ocean over the epicenter of the underwater earthquake causing tsunami may experience fruitry.

Measures to reduce damage from tsunami

The tsunami signal can be warned by the Tsunami, transmitted by sirens, intermittent beeps of enterprises and vehicles. Hearing a signal, turn on the radio, TV (on the local program) and listen to information and instructions. It usually reports the estimated tsunami arrival time and the specific settlements of the coast, which threatens the danger, the procedure and evacuation of the population, movement routes and gathering points. Enter in accordance with the instructions transferred.

Signs of tsunami approximation. Definition. Tsunami. Seismogenic tsunami arising from underwater earthquakes. Due to the occurrence of tsunami are divided into two types. Types and causes of tsunami. Volcanogenic tsunami arise as a result of eruptions of large underwater volcanoes. Scheme of tsunami.

"Seismic waves" - magnitudes, defined in different types of waves, differ in magnitude. Frequent items fall. 6 points. And even not very strong earthquakes are reflected in the terrain. The seismograph consists of a pendulum suspended inside the case on the spring, and the recording device. In loose and water saturated soil on steep slopes, landslides and collaps are often occurring,

"Earthquake" is an outbreak in the form of scattered lights. Earth movement. Goals. Magnid. Definition. The main parameters of earthquakes. The end. Blue glowing of the inner surface of the houses. Earthquake. Measured digital Mercally scale. The epicenter is called the ground surface over the earthquake center.

"Natural natural phenomena" are natural phenomena. Sometimes a person himself is guilty of creating a natural phenomenon. Eruption. Nature surrounding us is a source of life. Natural phenomena. Violations of the right. Technogenic catastrophes. Flooding. Spontaneous. Hurricanes. Natural disaster protection measures. Unexpected, terrible software.

"Tsunami speed" - tsunami can be found on the sea or in the ocean. The causes of the occurrence of the tsunami can be sharp shifts of the bottom with strong earthquakes, large underwater landslides and volcanic eruptions. Tsunami is not associated with winds, storms and hurricanes. How to find out when the tsunami begins? The speed of prostitute tsunami ranges from 50 to 1000 km / h.

"The storms of hurricanes of tornado" - how to act in front of a hurricane, storm, lots. Topic: "Hurricanes Soloral Storms." If the storm is accompanied by a thunderstorm, avoid damage to electrical dischases. In the photo view of a storm with space. Tornado. Introduction There is no long, moving along with the cloud. Storm. Danger in these phenomena. Be careful, bypassing the torn wires.

Total in the subject of 14 presentations

Objectives lesson

• 1. To get acquainted with the variety of earthquakes - fruitry.

2. Explain the causes of the tsunami and destructive consequences of the tsunami.

3. To work out the rules of safe behavior at the tsunami.

• The concept of tsunami.
• Causes of tsunami.
• The main characteristics of the tsunami.
• Agrowing factors tsunami.
• Tsunami protection measures.
• The actions of the population in the threat of tsunami.
• Check yourself.

What is a tsunami?

- This is a generally accepted international scientific term, it happens from the Japanese word, which means " a big wave pouring the bay. " Pronounced "Tsu-We".

"CSU" means the bay, "us" means a wave.

The exact definition of the tsunami sounds so - these are long waves of a catastrophic nature arising mainly as a result of tectonic motion at the bottom of the ocean.

Tsunami is a dangerous natural phenomenon.

The main district where the tsunami occurs is Pacific Ocean . Out of 400 acting today on the land of volcanoes 330 located in the pool of the Pacific Ocean, there is more 80% all earthquakes

How the Tsunami is formed

1 ) The earthquake occurs due to the movement of two plates towards each other. One plate comes under the other, displacing a huge amount of water.

2 ) As the wave approaches the coast, the rising bottom of the ocean pushes it up. Waves are becoming higher.

How and where arise tsunami?

Education of giant waves

A breakthrough of a grilled magma in the ocean

Relief of the earth's crust

Causes of occurrence

• Underwater earthquake (about 85% of all tsunami);
• Landslides (about 7% tsunami);
• Volcanic eruptions (about 5% of all tsunami);
• Human activity;
• Meteor falling;
• Wind.

Signs of the appearance of Tsunami

• Sudden rapid waste of water from the coast and drying of the bottom;
• Earthquake;
• Unusual ice drift and other floating objects;
• Huge spots at the edges of ice and reefs, the formation of flows.

The main characteristics of Tsunami

• Crest - The highest part of the wave.
• Sole - The lowest part of the wave.
• Tsunami speed - The distance that tsunami is held during a certain time.
• Wave height - The distance vertically between the comb and the wave sole.
• Wavelength - The horizontal distance between the two vertices or soles of sea waves.
• Wave period - The time interval between the arrival of two consecutive waves.

Assessment of the Tsunami Power

Tsunamis points

Maximum wave lift height on the shore

Characteristic Tsunami.

Very weak

Low. Can flood flat coast

Average. Flat coasts flooded, light ships are thrown ashore

Strong. Large ships are thrown ashore, coastal buildings and structures are damaged

Very strong. Significant destruction both on the coast and in the depths of sushi on the front up to 400 km

more than 23 m.

Catastrophic. Full devastation of the coast and seaside territories on the front of more than 500 km

Primary striking tsunami factors

• Shock wave;
• Air wave;
• Flood;
• Flooding;
• Hydrodynamic

pressure flow water.

Secondary striking tsunami factors

• Destruction of buildings;
• Emission of ships to the shore;
• Death of people and animals;
• Washing a fertile soil layer;
• Fires;
• Pollution of water sources;
• The spread of infectious diseases;
• Epidemics.

Advanced measures

to protect against tsunami

• creating a system of observation and forecasting;
• prohibition of new construction in hazardous areas;
• transfer objects to safe places;
• construction of waveresses and dams;
• advanced training of routes and evacuation places;
• preparation of the population;
• tree planting.

Tsunami warning system

• The tsunami warning system (SPCs) in the Pacific includes 25 states, including Russia, the coastal areas of which suffer from the effects of the tsunami.
• The warning service of the Tsunami of the Far East is interregional and consists of three regional services: Kamchatka, Sakhalin regions and Primorsky Krai. In the Kamchatka Region, the tsunami warning is carried out by the Tsunami station of Kamchatka Territorial Administration for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring and the Seismic Station of the Institute of Land Physics of the EN Russia.
• The Pacific Center for Warning on Tsunami (TCNC) is located at the US Hawaiian Islands in the city of Honolulu.

Internet system tsunami alerts

Three years later, the fastest system of early tsunami warning system should appear in the world. The world electronic network, as well as a cellular telephone connection will use to send alarm. Moreover, emails, as well as SMS will be sent not only to the addresses of regional services, but also in hotels, individuals: everyone who becomes a subscriber of the system.

Security Rules for Tsunami

• When receiving alarm tsunami, you must immediately leave residential and office space.
• If you are outside the zone of dearness of warning or in hard-to-reach coastal areas, then when creating signs of threats should be remembered that the tsunami waves can reach the coast 15-20 minutes after the start of the earthquake.
• If within 1-2 hours after a strong earthquake, the waves did not hit the shore, then the tsunami, as a rule, no longer threatened.

• Do not return to the shore after the first wave earlier than after 3 hours, since the first wave usually follows others, and the second and third waves achieve the greatest force.
• Ships in coastal waters standing on an open raid or in a wide-rise bay, and even more so at the berths should go to the ocean; Course to keep - perpendicular to the railway line.
• If there is a notification system in your area - wait for the alarm's postal signal.

Remember! Not so scary tsunami as human carelessness and inorganizedness during disaster.

A warning about tsunami can signal "ATTENTION ALL!" transmitted by sirens, intermittent beeps of enterprises and vehicles. Hearing a signal, turn on the radio, TV (on the local program) and listen to information and instructions.

It usually reports the estimated tsunami arrival time and the specific settlements of the coast, which threatens the danger, the procedure and evacuation of the population, movement routes and gathering points.

Enter in accordance with the instructions transferred.

Actions with a sudden parish tsunami on the street

In the sudden arrival of the tsunami on the street run on the elevated places, with their absence, remove for 2-3 km from the coast, stay in a safe place and wait for 2-3 hours.

Actions in advance alert about the tsunam and

Having received a warning about the threat of tsunami, report it to your loved ones, neighbors. Continuing to listen to local radio, get ready for evacuation at the direction of the GOCOs.

Actions if you ended up in a building with a sudden parish tsunami

Climb the top floors

Go to safe place

Close the doors and constipation

Stay in a solid building on the top floor

What should not be done at tsunami

In the threat of tsunami, it is impossible to descend down, look at the exposed bottom, to meet the wave in space with a large number of structures due to the danger of blows about them.

Tsunami chronology

The most ancient tsunami from famous humanity occurred on July 21, 365 AD. In the Mediterranean Sea after the strongest earthquake, which Chinese chronicles have retained "Hungato". Wave Tsunami destroyed the city of Alexandria in Egypt and carried with him the lives of thousands of people

The most famous cases of tsunami

• June 15, 1896. of the year in the field of Sunrik (Japan). This catastrophe entered the Guinness Book of Records as one of the hardest catastrophes associated with the tsunami.

• April 14, 1923. The year in the Kamchatka bay occurred a strong earthquake. After 15-20 minutes after the concussion, the tsunami wave approached the top of the bay.

• September 1, 1923. - Tokio and Kyokogama;
• 1933 - O-Va Honshu;
• 1944 - Japanese chute;
• 1952 - Aleutian chute;
• April 1, 1946. - Hilo (Hawaiian Islands, USA)

• November 5, 1952. – North Kurilsk;
• May 22, 1960. Tsunami again came to Hilo;
• May 23, 1960. - Kamchatka;
• Crescent City (California, United States) - march 1964.

The most famous world cases of tsunami

• Pitkerne Island (Polynesia) - 1972 year ;
• French Riviera (France) october 1979. ;
• June 17, 1998. of the year -Papua New Guinea

• December 26, 2004 - Indian Ocean (O-Vatra, Sri Lanka, East Coast of India, Maldives, Coastal Zone in Somalia in East Africa)

Wave, bearing death ...

Earthquake, which is happening December 26, 2004. year at the coast Indonesia , it was the cause of a giant wave - tsunami. Tsunami claimed life about 300 thousand people And caused huge material damage. According to UN estimates, this the largest natural catastrophe , comprehending humanity for the last 100 years !!!

Indonesia to Tsunami

Indonesia after Tsunami

Tsunami in Kamchatka

About 80% of the strongest earthquakes of the world occur in the pool of the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, the Pacific Coast of Kamchatka and the Commander Islands is most exposed to tsunami .

Tsunami in Kamchatka

• October 17, 1737. - Cape shovel;
• May 18, 1841. - Avachinskaya bay;
• April 14, 1923. - Debic Spit;
• November 14, 1936. – Cape Kamchatsky;

• November 5, 1952. - Building. Olga ;
• May 24, 1960. - ("Chilean" tsunami) M.Shipung
• November 23, 1969. - Lake Pers;
• December 5, 1997. - Kronotsky bay.

1. Tsunami is .......

A) coating the surrounding surface of the water layer;

B) displacement of masses of rocks on the slope under the influence of water flows;

C) gigantic ocean waves arising usually as a result of underwater or island earthquakes;

D) Giant ocean waves arising from the eruption of volcanoes.

2. What depends on the destructive power of the tsunami?

A) from the time of day, year and air temperature;

B) from the velocity of the wave;

C) from the direction of the wave movement in relation to the shore;

D) from the contour of the coastline, the terrain of the coast, the coastal slope and shelf.

3. What are the well-known tsunami factors?

A) the impact effect of the wave;

B) erosion;

C) flood;

D) Aerial wave in the ocean.

4. What needs to be taken with advance alert about the approximation of the tsunami?

A) hide on the roof of the building;

B) turn on the TV, radio and listen to the message and recommendations, strengthen windows and doors of the lower floors, take documents, stockpit and water in hermetic container;

C) transfer valuable things to the upper floors, turn off the water, electricity;

D) Help in a safe place or go to the collection point.

5. What should be done with the sudden arrival of the tsunami, if you can leave the building?

A) follow to the collection point; B) remain in a safe place until all the tsunami waves will be held; C) in the absence of an elevation to remove from the shore on 2-3km; D) climb to an exalted safe place.

6. What needs to be taken with a sudden arrival of the tsunami, if there is no possibility leave the building?

A) hide on the roof of the building; B) hide in the building, if possible on the top floor in a safe place; C) Close the doors to constipation.

Homework

• Chapter 7, pp. 108-120.
• Schemes 12-14, write to the notebook.
• Prepare an abstract about the largest tsunami for the history of mankind.

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- This is a dangerous natural phenomenon, which is sea waves that arise mainly as a result of a shift of up or down extended sections of the seabed with underwater and coastal earthquakes. Tsunamas-free areas of our country are Kumilly, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Pacific Coast. Formed in any place, the tsunami can spread at high speed (up to 1000 km / h) a few thousand kilometers, while the height of the tsunami in the field of occurrence from 0.1 to 5 meters. When the shallow water is reached, the wave height increases sharply, reaching a height from 10 to 50 meters. Huge masses of water emitted ashore lead to the flooding of the terrain, the destruction of buildings and structures, power lines and communications, roads, bridges, berths, as well as the death of people and animals. Before water shaft, an air shock wave is spread. It acts, similarly to an explosive wave, destroying buildings and structures. The tsunami wave may not be the only one. Very often, this is a series of waves, rolling ashore with an interval of 1 hour and more. Possible scales of destruction are determined by the Tsunami range: weak (1-2 points); medium (3 points); Strong (4 points); Destructive (5 points).

Signs of Tsunami

Natural warning signal about the possibility of tsunami is an earthquake. Before the start of the tsunami, as a rule, the water retreats away from the coast, exposing the seabed to hundreds of meters and even a few kilometers. This tump can last from a few minutes to half an hour.

The movement of the waves may be accompanied by thundering sounds that are heard before the tsunami wave approach. Sometimes before the tsunami wave there is a flooding of the coast of water "carpet." It is possible to appear cracks in the ice cover off the coast. The sign of the approaching natural disaster may be a change in the usual behavior of animals that feel danger in advance and strive to move to elevated places.

Warning events

Follow the messages according to the prognosis of the tsunami, remembering their precursors. Remember and explain to members of your family alert signs about the danger of the tsunami installed for your region. Treat the action plan in advance during the tsunami. Get all the members of your family, colleagues and acquaintances knew what to do during the tsunami. Evaluate whether your home or place of work is not located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Tsunami possible. Remember that the most dangerous places are the mouths of rivers, tapering bays, straits. Know the boundaries of the most dangerous zones and the shortest ways to exit secure places. Make a list of documents, property and medicines exported during evacuation. Property and medicines are advisable to put in a special suitcase or backpack. Consider in advance the order of evacuation. Decide where your family members will meet if the tsunami danger signal arrives. During the daily activities of the house and at work, do not clutter the corridors and exits with bulky things, cabinets, bicycles, wheelchairs. Watch all the passages to be free for quick evacuation. Explore the rules of conduct in the event of the danger of tsunami.

Think over the sequence of your actions if you find yourself during the tsunami indoors, in the open area, in water. Prepare a place in your apartment in which in the case of a quick evacuation, put the necessary documents, clothes, personal belongings, two-day stock of non-helped food.

Support public training programs for tsunami, actively participate in the landing of the forest lanes on the coast.

Support the efforts of local authorities to strengthen Bay Bay by Rasolomas and Coast Dam.

What to do during tsunami

When the tsunami danger signal arrives, react immediately. Each minute, use to provide personal security and protect surrounding people. You can have time from a few minutes before half an hour and more, so if you act calmly and thoughtfully, you can increase your chances to protect yourself from the tsunami exposure.

If you are indoors, leave it immediately, after turning off the light and gas, and move to a safe place. By the shortest way to bring over the elevated place with a height of 30-40 m above sea level or quickly move by 2-3 km from the coast. If you are traveling by car, follow in a safe direction, taking along the path of traveling people. If it is impossible to hide in a safe place when there is no time on moving, climb as high as possible on the top floor floors, close the windows and doors. If you can enjoy the most reliable building.

If you will take place in the room, remember that the safest areas are considered to be the most secure zones, in the columns, in the corners formed by capital walls. Remove from yourself nearby objects that may fall, especially glass. If you still turned out to be outdoors, try to climb on a tree or hide in a place that is less susceptible to blow. As a last resort, it is necessary to cling to the trunk of the tree or a solid barrier.

Once in the water, free from shoes and wetted clothes, try to cling to the water floating on the water. Be careful, since the wave can carry large objects and their debris. After the first wave arrival, prepare for a meeting with the second and subsequent waves, and if it is possible, leave the dangerous area. If necessary, reserve the first medical care for victims.

What to do after tsunami

Wait for the passage of the alarm. Go back to your former place after you make sure that there were no high waves for two or three hours.

Entering the house, check its strength, conservation of windows and doors. Make sure there are no cracks in the walls and overlap, there is no bottom of the foundations. Carefully check the presence of gas leaks in the premises, the state of the electrical displacement.
Notify the Commission for Emergency Situations on the state of your home. Actively turn on the team to carry out rescue and other urgent works in damaged buildings, the search for victims and providing them with the necessary assistance.