The historical basis of the story of Taras Bulba. Real historical events underlying a story. How did the Cossacks have disposed of with a conquered Skarboga? (Gogol-Taras Bulba) How the Cossacks conquered Skarbla Taras Bulba

The old Taras Bulba ridiculed two of his sons, who studied in Kiev Bursa and came home. These were two dozen well done, still looking improved. Their strong healthy faces have not yet concerned the razor. The children were confused by this technique and stood motionless. Finally, the elder said to Taras stopped laughing on them, otherwise he would not look at the fact that before him Batka, and his furious. And the father and his son began to breathe each other Tumaki. Only the wife of Bulba looked at all this and said that the old, right, trigeon. The younger stood aside. His mother hugged him on the question of the Father, why and he does not fool the Batka, asked from his son to fall behind. The bulb ordered not to listen to her mother, as she is - Baba, and give up every gentle-out, because their gentle is a clean field and good horse.

A week later, his father promised to send sons in Zaporizhia to teach their real life. Mother mentally said that the children would not be able to walk and not recognize the parental home, just a week would be able to see them. The bouffer ordered the old woman to stop throwing, because the Cossack is not to mess around with the Baba, and leaving left with Andrei in the Svetlitsa at the table. On the occasion of the arrival of the sons of the Bulba convened the centuries and the entire regimental rank. The guests congratulated and the bouffer and the young men and said that there was no better science for a young man than Zaporizhia Sch. At dinner they spoke about study, and yes about the upcoming trip. In the end, it was decided that they would go to the section not in a week, but tomorrow. The poor old woman-mother could not keep from tears and looked at her children with whom she threatened the ambulance.

The bulb was scary stubborn. It was one of those characters that could appear in the heavy XV century at the semi-coursing corner of Europe, when all Southern Russia, left by his princes, was devastated by the raids of Mongolian predators. Then the Cossacks originated and coincided - a wide, ragged peak of Russian nature. All pores, the transportation was devoted to the Cossacks, which no one has gone to the bill. Instead of the previous goals and small towns, formidable villages, a smoker and oceans associated with the overall danger and hatred against non-Christian predators arose.

The kings of Polish, who walked to the owner of these extensive land, understood the meaning of the Cossacks and the benefits of such a faded guard life. Under their remote power, the hetmans chosen from the Cossack medium were converted by Golishitsa and Kureni in the shelves and the right districts. It was not a building collected army, no one would see him. But in the case of the war at eight days, no more, everyone was on a horse throughout the service. When the campaign ended - the warrior became landpash, fisherman, cooked beer and was a free Cossack. There was no craft he did not know. Russian character received in the Cossacks wide scope, dyed appearance.

Taras was from the number of indigenous, old colonels created for the brave and distinguished rough directness of their own. At that time, the influence of Poland began to affect Russian nobility. Many adopted Polish customs, started luxury houses, magnificent servants, falcons, cute, lunch, yards. The bulb all this was not like. He loved the easiest life of the Cossacks and rebuilded with those comrades who followed these customs, calling them the Hops of Polish Panov.

The bulb considered himself a defender of Orthodoxy and a legitimate order and took himself a rule to take for a saber in three cases: when Polish filing collectors did not respect what the elders stood in front of them in the headers, when they were undelivered over Orthodoxy and, finally, when the enemies were bassurmen or Turks . Now the Bulba kensited herself the thought of how he would lead to two such wonderful sons and present them to the old comrades hardened in battles. He said to his wife, because it will be with the sons to sleep in the yard. The bulb fell apart on the carpet, covered with Baran Tulup and soon chilled. One poor mother who tried to the head of his sons and could not look at them, did not sleep. She hoped that in the morning Taras would change his mind and postponed departure.

At dawn, the bouffer suddenly woke up and jumped. He remembered very well that he ordered yesterday. He ordered his wife to cook to eat, because the path they had to be unclear. While she watched breakfast with tears, Taras gave orders, hired on the stable and chose the decoration for his sons. Disguised instead of Bursatskaya clothing in Cossack's clothes, they were transformed and became unusually good. The bouffer ordered the mother to bless children to fight and observe the faith of Christ, because the mother's prayer on the water and saves on earth. Mother, sobbing, put on sons icons on the neck and then could not speak at all.

The porch stood saddled horses. Damn, the horse of Taras, steadbed, having honed his huge severity, because the bulb was extremely difficult and fat. Mother, seeing that the sons were already sitting on his horses, rushed to a smaller, in whose features there were more tenderness, and a straittle to his aspiring. Two dozen Cossacks took her and carefully attributed to the hut. Young Cossacks drove and held tears, afraid of her father. Having drove, they looked back - the farm went as if in the ground, only two pipes were visible, and the top of the trees were visible. Farewell and childhood, and games, and everything, and that's it! All three riders drove silently. Old Taras thought about what was waiting for him on the sash. Sons were busy with other thoughts.

Both were given on the twelfth year to the Kiev Academy, because then all honorable dignitaries considered it necessary to educate their children, although it was completely forgotten soon. Senior, Ostap, began teaching from the fact that in the very first year fled. He was returned, carved and planted for the book. Four times he buried the letter to the ground, and four times it was bought by a new one, before that, mercilessly by means. Without a doubt, Ostap would run and for the fifth time, if the Father had not swore, he would not see the left of Zaporozhye until he learn at the Academy to all sciences. Ostap after that became with an extraordinary effort to sit at the boring book and soon became one of the best at the Academy. The eldest son of Taras Bulba has always been considered a good friend. He rarely leads to risky enterprises, but was always one of the first. If Burstsky pranks have revealed, he never gave his comrades.

Ostap was severe to other prompting, except for the war and friendly feast. Equal was straightforward. He had kindness in the heart and was touched by tears of the poor mother. Little brother, Andriy, had feelings more lively and developed. He studied, he is more sweeper, without tension, and was inventive to the left. Like the Ostap, it was sculpting the rake, but "his soul was accessible to other feelings." It has long flared up the need of love. In recent years, he rarely was the leader of some Bursatskaya Vatagi, and often wandered on the secluded streets of Kiev. One day Andriy wandered into the street on which local aristocrats lived. He came down, and Brica barely left for him. The young Bursak boiled, grabbed with one hand for the rear wheel and stopped Kolymagu. But here the horses rushed, and Andry fell face in the dirt. Above him rang out. Having lifted his head, he saw the beautiful woman at the window, which did not see before. The young man looked at her absently, otiray dirt, and thought: "Who is she?"

Finally found out that this is a daughter who came to the time of the Kovensky governor. At night, he broke through the frequency into the garden and penetrated her bedroom. The beautiful Polya man could not express the words from fright, but when it saw that this same Bursak, who fell in the dirt in the afternoon, she again mastered laughter. Moreover, Andry was very good. Suddenly a knock on the door rang out. Polyanya ordered his maid, prisoner Tatar, to bring Bursaka from the house. His output was not so happy as the entrance - the lines got from the guard, and from the courtyard, they saved him only fast legs. Then the governor left, and with him and beautiful daughter. That's what Andry thought, swaying in the saddle.

Three days later, the hunter with sons were not far from the place that was the subject of their trip. Cossacks came up with her horses, climbed onto the ferry and after three hours of swimming were already near the island of Khortyza, where they were then sch. Finally, they drove into the suburbs of the sash. The first who caught them to meet, was Zaporozhets, who slept in the middle of the road, spreading his arms and legs. Bulba tears with a horse to admire them.

After that, they began to make a close street, which lived and worked with submasters of all nations. These people fed, shouted and dressed in Sch & supplied her weapon. He herself did not produce anything herself, but only he knew how to walk and fall out of the guns. Finally, Taras and his sons passed this suburb and saw a few csenay covered with turw or felt. Near the buildings there were neither the guard, nor the watch, only lay on the grass and smoked the tubes a few of the Cossacks, indifferently overlooked the granted Cossacks. According to their dark persons it was seen that these people are hardened in battles. Here it is, Schish! So where the will and Cossacks are spilled from all over Ukraine!

The travelers left the square, where it was usually gathered. Now it was a crowd of musicians and sailing a young Zaporozhets. In the thick of the people they began to meet both power, old Cossacks, long-standing familiar Taras. He began to ask them about his fighting comrades, but he learned that many of them died. I poured the head of the old bouffer thought that the kind were the Cossacks.

For about a week, Taras with sons lived on the juicy. Ostap and Andry did little military exercises, because it was believed that the best school for a young Cossack is the experience of the battles themselves, which because of this were unlimited. All other time was given to Gulbe. The work on the sash could be found equally hunters to military life, and to gold cups, rich brocades, ducats and realists. Alone only the adazels of women could not find anything here: even a single woman could not appear in the suburb of the sash.

The brothers seemed strange that many people came to the Sch in, but no one asked who they were, as their name. The coming was to Koshoy, who asked him only two questions: Whether he believes in Christ whether he was going to church, and then forced to cross. The whole of the Sis prayed in one church and was ready to defend it to the last drop of blood, although nothing wanted to hear about post and abstinence. It consisted of schish out of sixty with a burden of Kureni, each of which resembled a separate independent republic. All property was on the hands of Kurennaya Ataman.

The brothers rushed with all the young men in this ragble sea and at the time they forgot everything that had previously worried about the soul. Soon they both became on a good account with others. Although it was not on the science of science, which the Cossack is trying, but Ostap and Andry became noticeable by their successiveness. But the old Taras prepared them another activity, long ago, how to bother to sit on such a brave enterprise, where it would be possible to try his strength to the young knight. He approached Koshoy Ataman and asked where to get roaring? Koshevoy replied that there was no place to get roaring, because they promised the world to Turkish Sultan. The bouffer in retaliation was given several of the most decisive curenest atamans and raised the riot, as a result of which a new cat was chosen, Ataman Kirdyag. The crowd dismissed immediately to drink for the health of a new cat. Finally, the cries and noise began to serve, hops and tired began to overcome strong heads. Cossacks began to fall here, then there - and fell asleep all the gloves.

On the other day, the bulb has already been consulting with the new cat, how to raise the Cossacks to some business. Kirdyaga, the man is smart and cunning, said that it is not possible to swallow an oath, but you can come up with something. After a long speech, Koshevaya suggested to give the opportunity to pull out the young Cossacks who have never been to the real battle, off the coast of Anatolia. When the whole of Schish began to shout that not only the young need to make a campaign, the tricky Ataman and then found a way out, saying that they had no chelov in the right quantity, nor so much ashamed. A little pitchers, the Cossacks decided to obey the prudent Council of Ataman.

At the time when young people began to prepare for the campaign, the ferry approached the coast, from which the torn Cossacks came down. Their appearance showed that they either avoided some kind of troubles, or drank everything to the last penny. These people talked about those disgraces that are worked in Ukraine: that Orthodox churches in the rent from Jigs that Polish Xendases ride on Tarataykov, and the Orthodox Christians are harnessed in them. They also told about the death of hetman and colonels. The crowd was first silent, then stirred up and once spoke, perturbed heard. Caporozhvy rushed at those who were selling immediately, to translate their damned tribe or reverse in the Dnieper. Saved one nankel, who grabbed a bouffer behind the leg and said that he once helped to get out of captivity the late brother of Bulba, Dorosh.

All the Schish began to prepare for the campaign, all the Cossacks stood, respectfully lowering the head, listening to the orders of the Koshoy Ataman. Now it was an unlimited lord, the despot, who had ordered orders, the Cossack, deeply experienced in affairs. It was decided to go around Poland to take revenge for the Ambassador of Cossack Glory.

Soon the entire Polish southwest was made by the prey of fear. The rumors about the approach of the Zaporozhtsev swept through everywhere, and everything that could escape was rising and loosened. The terrible cruelty of the Cossacks made the tremble of everyone from Mala to Great. They did not spare anyone: neither babies, nor women, no monks, nor old people. Fires, sweepings, robbery, murders were their companions all over her way.

The old Taras of anyone was to see how both her sons soon became one of the first on the battlefield. For the month, they seemed to be reborn and became her husbands. The features of the face became terrible and strong. Ostap never confused, did not embarrass in battle. At twenty-two years he was amazingly cool and always soberly could appreciate the danger to evade her. But it didn't mean to evade it to avoid "to avoid", and meant only to find the tool to overcome this danger. The body breathed the body of a young Cossack, and the knights acquired the strength of the lion. Andriy saw in the battle a mad-haired naga and a whistling bullet whistling, a saber glitter, and more than once, the young Cossack with his mad Natius produced such wonders who would not be solved by an experienced calculating warrior.

The army decided to go to the city of Dubno, where, by rumors, there were many treasury and rich inhabitants. The path was overcome for a year and a half. But the inhabitants were ready for siege, the garrison was strong, the breasts, among whom were and wives who threw the heads of the Zaporozhets stones, barrels, hot Var and sand bags. Then the Cossacks surrounded the city so that the inhabitants died from hunger, and they themselves began to empty and burn out fields with unobed bread. But soon the siege began to bother. Koshevoy ordered to double the portion of wine, as often happened in such cases, but the Cossacks still bored with inactivity.

In one of the evenings, Ostap went to his Kurenny, and Andria overwhelmed some kind of stuff on the heart, so he could not fall asleep and looked at the sky for a long time. At this time, someone's emptied, dried face bent over him. At first, Andriy accepted this for the tricks of an unclean spirit, but soon, looking after, he began to recognize familiar features in this emaciated face. Then finally found out the Tatar, the servant of the Poko, the Voivodna daughter. From a woman, he learned that the Punch was here in the city, and starving, like all the defenders of the precipitated fortress. The girl saw Andria from the fortress wall and sent the maid to ask him a bread for a dying mother.

Andriy, who worn by surpassed feelings, grabbed a bag with bread, wanted to take a porridge, but it turned out that it was ate all the Cossacks. Then through the underground move went beyond the Tatar in the city. Andrioo with his conductor passed underground stroke. On the way, Tatarka ate a small piece of bread, and it felt a strong pain in the stomach, dying from food. The woman often stopped. Finally they rested into the rail door. Tatar did not even have the strength to knock on it, Andry did it instead of a woman. The door opened a monk, retreated in the scare at the sight of the Zaporizhia Cossack. Tatarka told him something, and the monk calmed down. They passed through the Catholic church, and Andriy with a semi-open mouth froze in admiration, listening to the organ.

Tatarka jerked him behind the floor of the cafetan, they passed the church and went outside. Everywhere Andriy saw the corpses of the dead from the famine of people. He asked, is it really nothing? It turned out that they ate everything that could eat, even dogs and mice. On the way, they met a person dying from hunger. Andriy gave him the source of bread, but the unfortunate, eating her, immediately died in the torment. Soon they approached the house. Tatar spent it straight to the door of the room of her Mrs. Entering the room, Andriy saw that the girl, during the time they did not see each other, was twice as beautiful. He stood still, feeling in the soul awe of reverent fear. She, too, was amazed by the view of the young Cossack, who appeared in all the Gras and the strength of youthful courage.

Beauty did not know how to thank Andria. At this time, the room entered the datarque with sliced \u200b\u200bbreadcrumbs on the dish. The girl began to eat. Andriy looked at her with pleasure, but suddenly remembered the launched from hunger, who died in his eyes, eating a piece of bread. He shouted that she no longer eaten, otherwise it could die. The girl immediately obeyed him and the look thanked for care.

Who obeying gust, Andry confessed to her in his feelings, promising to give it everything he has, to fulfill her desire. The girl sadly objected that he could not love her, because his duty was with his father and comrades, fighting for the depression. Then Andry said that he didn't need her father nor comrades, she is his depreciation. He ran away and reported that they were saved, because assistance came to the city. But Andry has no longer heard anything, reaching the mouth of the young Pole. And the Cossack died! Died for all Cossack knighthood. Stretch the old Taras Callers of gray hair and curses that hour when he gave himself a shame of such a son.

In Zaporozhye Tabor, at first no one could understand how Polish troops were able to go to the city. It turned out that Pereyaslavsky Kurnie, located in front of the city gate, was drunk dead. Half Corpets from Kureny was interrupted by Poles, another half was captured. Jankel's Tarasu told Taras, which resulted in a deposited city and met Andria there. Andriy moved to the side of the Poles and ordered the nannel to convey the father that he was no longer a father, brother - that he didn't brother him more, but comrades are not comrades. With everyone, he will now fight and free the city from the Cossacks. The bouffer was angry and did not believe you, but Yankel explained that all this because of beauty, daughters of the governor. Pretched old Taras and remembered what kind of power had women over his youngest son. After all, as Yankel said, if a person falls, he does not care that the sole, operated in the water: Try to bend - bent.

In cruel battle under the walls of the besieged city, Andria was not. The bulb again thought, why and hated a beautiful pool, who fascinated his son. Still did not rise the sun, as Cossacks gathered to the Council. It came to the news that during the absence of the Zaporozhtsev, the Tatars were fledged, robbed, they took the whole Skarb, beat and took captive all who remained. In such cases, Zaporozhyev in the custom was chased by the kidnappers, because it is unknown, in which Bazaar could sell prisoners of Cossacks as slaves. But Taras such a development of events has not satisfied. He recalled that in the city there were prisoners of Cossacks, who also had to be saved.

After long reflection and pribios, it was decided to divide into two troops. Part of the Zaporozhtsev, driven by Koshev, headed home to guid the order, and the second part under the authorities of the Colonel Bulba remained under the siege city. The decision was supported, but sadness and longing was overcome combat comrades, because it was unclear how their further fate would be. Bulba, seeing this, ordered the servants to unpack his cherished WHO, in which the kegs of the old cherished wine were kept, long lying at Taras in the cellars.

In the city did not immediately realize that half the Cossacks left. But it soon became clear that the city lacks food to the approaching army, and a causation was taken from the deposited. Half of the bravery was immediately interrupted by the Cossacks, and the second half went with anything. However, Zhida took advantage of the seal and the Jews took advantage and soon everyone learned: who left, and who remained why and for which such actions were taken. The city garrison is priced, and the troops were preparing to give a battle. The bulb understood it on the movement of the enemy troops and began to prepare the Cossacks to battle, and then built them and said in front of them a penetration of what a partnership. This it was a strong impression on the Cossacks.

Meanwhile, the enemy army moved from the city. Polyakov's strength was superior to Cossack, and a deadly fight was started. The Cossacks fought bravely, the heroic fought himself and led the colonel Taras Bulba, the victory was close to. But the gate was discarded, and flew from there by the hussar regiment, the beauty of all the horse regiments. The most beautiful Vityaz rushed ahead, the wildest. On his hand, his scarf was knocked out, flashed with hands of an excellent Pole. Taras So Obomall, seeing that this is his younger son. Taras stopped and looked like Andri, treating the road in front of him, burst the right and left. The bouffer did not suffer and indignant the fact that his son rubs his head her. But Andry did not distinguish anything around him, he saw only the features of the beautiful Pole.

Taras Bulba ordered his Cossacks to lure Andria to the forest. Andriy frightened it, when Holokopthettage enough of his plafhmy on his back. Wrong on the horse of Andry and almost caught up with Holokoptenko, when his horse stopped someone's strong hand. Andry looked around - the front was Taras! He shook his whole body and began pale. Andria's wrath was held, and he saw only a terrible father in front of him. The bouffer asked what to do now. Andry was silent, having filled the eyes. Taras asked whether his son was helped. Andriy was still irresponsible. Following the order of the Father, tears from the horse. Pale, as a canvas, was Andry, and only mouth whispering his name of the beautiful Pole. Father with the words that he himself kills the Son, whom he spoiled himself, shot out of the gun and killed him. Then he stood for a long time and looked at the beautiful body, sorry that because the good Cossack was ...

I left and asked my father, he did not kill Andria. Bulba just nodded. Ostap wanted to betray the body of the Earth, but Taras did not give, saying that Andria's Posterchers will have. They drove up one after another Cossacks and shouted ataman that there was a new beggar lady. Kesened Atamans were killed, and the Cossacks now want to see the boulevard before death. He ordered the left immediate to sit on the horse. But they did not have time to leave the forest, as their enemy forces surrounded them from all sides. Six enemies fell on Osta. The brave fought Ostap, but there were a lot of enemies, and now I saw the old bouffer, as the hands of his son bind.

Taras saved. His faithful comrade Tovkach brought the bulb, the whole and-wounded and chopped sabers, to Schish, where a strong body and the will to life put the old colonel to their feet. There were people who did not give out a bouffer, although his head was appreciated by enemies into a large amount. The bouffer was overcast and sad. He remembered that his son is left in captivity. Taras looked around himself and saw that there was almost no one of his old comrades, and those who were fought with lyhas, and those who went to the battle with Tatars. There were many new people on the sash.

The Cossacks gathered in the meantime to a new maritime expedition. A trip to Malny Asia was successful, huge mining was taken. But it did not please the Taras, remembered the terrible destiny of his left. Finally, he could not stand and decided to find out where Ostap. A week later, Taras was already in Uman's city from his old familiar Yankel. The bulba asked the enterprising Jew to take him to Warsaw, because he needs to see his son's son. Yankel asked if the Bulba knows what two thousand gold give him behind his head. Of course, the bulb knew, so I paid big money for being in Warsaw. And people like Nankel, in order to bring everyone around the finger. An hour later, WHO came from Uman with a brick, at the bottom of which lay, hiding, Taras Bulba.

In Warsaw, the Bulba was among the Jews and began to ask them for help in the salvation of the Son. At his request, all over again answered that it was impossible to do it, and then they said that they need to consult with one wise man. The liquor named Mardohai, who considered the most dodged, promised to help, but could not do anything, because the prisoners protected three thousand troops. True, he agreed with the guard about the opportunity to arrange a date with Ostap. The date did not take place: the former guard was changed, and the Bulba almost gave himself up, Flash during a conversation with a new one. Then Taras ordered the nankel to lead him to the square, where the Ostap will torment. Yankel tried to refuse, said that it was already impossible to help anything, but the bouffer was stubborn. The people in the meantime valil on the execution area from all sides. In the then rude eyelid, the execution was one of the most entertaining spectacles. The crowd, consisted of representatives of all sectors of society, discussed what she had to see. Suddenly everyone gothes over and the voices rang out: "lead! Cossacks!"

Zaporozhtsy walked silently, with some kind of proudness. Their rich daily dress was worn out, they did not look at anyone and did not bow to the people. There was no left in front. All the torment suffered as worthy, and only before the end of the strength left him. He wanted to see a solid husband before his death, who would have comforted his intelligent word. And exclaimed Ostap, referring to the Father, is he herself, he hears him. "I hear!" - rang out among the universal silence, and all the people shuddered. Yankel turned pale, he was fucked with fear to look at Taras, but he was already a trail.

Taras trail found. On the border of Ukraine, a new army rose a hundred twenty thousand Cossacks. They led their young, but Hetman's strong Spirit. The most selected regiment was led by Taras Bulba. In the chronicles, the Battle of Cossacks is described in detail. Polish garrisons fled from the cities liberated by the Zaporozhets. The life of Hetman Pototsky saved only the Russian clergy. Cossack Hetman agreed, leaving the persuasion of priests, let go of Pototsky, taking an oath from him, leave the Christian churches on freedom and not to cause the insults to the Cossack military. Only one colonel did not agree to such a world - Taras Bulba. He knew the price of the oaths of Lyakhov and, predicting the Cossack hetman to the ambulance, gone from the troops, taking his regiment. Soon it happened exactly as predicted the bouffer. The head of Cossack hetman flew from the shoulders along with the heads of many dignitaries.

And in the meantime, the bulb was walked throughout Poland and destroyed her inhabitants with fire and sword, without sparing no one. The Polish government decided to end with him. Pototsky caught up with a bouler and his Cossacks on the shore of the Dniester, in the old fortress they took under rest. The four days of the Cossacks beat, then, when the forces defended themselves on the outcome, solved Taras to break through the Polish ranks. Maybe it would be possible to escape the old Cossack, but his cracker fell out with tobacco, and Taras did not want his cradle to get Lyham. While he was looking for her in the grass, the Poles ran and grabbed him. Lyhah thought for a long time, whatever he is "honor to pay", finally, with the consent of the hetman, decided to burn at the fire.

They pulled it with chains to the tree trunk and began to put the bonfire at the bottom. But not to the fire watched Taras, and in combat comrades. Shouted to go out to the shore, because there were Chelny. The wind submits his words to the rest, but the Bulba himself received a blow to the head on the head. Taras saw the Cossacks jumped right on the horses to the Dniester, and only two did not dare. Polish Colonel, Brother of Beauties, who had stolen poor Andria, wanted to jump after them, but crashed about stones. Bulba, waking up, shouted the Zaporozhetsians to come here in the spring and thoroughly took a walk here. Find more Poles, what is Orthodox faith.

The fire was already climbed over the fire, captured the legs of Taras and spread out the flame on the tree. May there be in the world such lights, flour and such a force that would repulse Russian power! Cossacks floated along the Dniester, rowing and talked about their Ataman.

The historical meaning of the Malorossiysk Cossacks was in the struggle for nationality and faith. This struggle with the Turks, Tatars and Poles hardered a folk nature, gave the Cossacks of Ukraine a line of iron energy, which often delayed and hidden under the tricks of tricks and sinking sulfur, even phlegmaticity and laziness, then suddenly broke out to freedom and accepted the extensive dimensions of the natural strength, not I knew restraining and limits. The life of the Cossacks was difficult: I had to fight and cunning, and by force, I had to be a diplomat and a soldier. That is how this life describes Gogol in Taras. The needs of the time demanded many practical knowledge: each Cossack was supposed to be a landpasher, a hunter, and a cattle breeder, and a gardener, and a doctor, and an artisan. It developed versatility, resourcefulness, enterprise, but did not tie a person to some one particular case. Gogol shows that the constant readiness of the Cossack to go to meet the danger, the uncertainty in tomorrow was indifferent to look into the eyes of death, not to go out his head, but not to be shy and someone else's fate ... (see the image of Taras Bulba.)

Attack of Cossacks in the steppe. Picture F. Rousto, 1881

From the descriptions of Taras Bulba, it can be seen that the family life of the Cossacks was notable and troubledly. Family and home focus were not needed; These attachments were replaced with their spirit of the "partnership", tied them to the free squad of the Lyzarians, who were collected in Zaporizhzhya Schash. Gogol shows that harsh life, full of danger, developed in the harsh hearts of the Cossacks the spirit of removal and, at the same time, the ability to look at all dangers with indifferent calmness, even with humor.

For people, such as Taras Bulba "Saints" in life was a little, Christian faith, the birthplace and a sense of partnership. These few and simple ideals, however, filled the life of the Cossacks meaning, was purified by their existence, made them with "lysi", as they themselves called themselves, justified, in their own eyes, and robbing raids on the Black Sea shores, and cruel violence with Jews and Catholics .

The patriotism of the Cossacks of the Taras Bulba was served unless, he was the main ideal of their life with the ideal harsh and cruel, who donated all other attachments and aspirations (to the family, to a woman, to peaceful classes). Many of these features have been preserved in the soul of Maloros and before the time of Gogol, and in their "evenings", in Vii, he collected all these shredded remnants of the previous feelings, composed of brilliant past, but no longer finding explanations in the present ... in " Tarasa Bouobba "Gogol explained, from where it came from Maloros, this is a lazy indifference, this phlegmology, this humor and stubbornness, all those national traits that are collected and embodied by him in the actors of his heroic story. That in modern life it seemed ridiculous, even caricature, then in historical lighting of the heroic story about Taras acquired serious and deep interest. That is why this story Gogol and the main character of it have a great historical meaning.

OPTION 2
1. Where did the sons of Taras Bulba come from?
A) from Kiev b) from Moscow c) from Kharkov
2. What are the actions according to the laws of Zaporizhzhya Schashchi detected punishment?
A) theft b) deception in maps c) drunkenness
3. What is we talking about? "It was some kind of continuous feast, the ball that began noisy and lost his end."
A) life in SECH b) studies in Bursa c) siege dubna
4. What took with me to Dubna Andri?
A) weapons b) prisoners c) bread
5. About whom from characters Tale is speech in this passage?
And "he also boiled his sin, but with her soul he was available and to others ... He was very good,"
B "Oh! Yes, this will happen with time a good colonel! ... she, she, will be a good colonel, and even such that and the Bat of the Belt will shut up! "
6. Complete the phrase.
And "Stand and did not move! I am ......., I'll kill you! - Taras said ... "
"There were also in other lands ... but there were no such as in Russian land ..."
7. What is the fate of Taras Bulba?
A) was executed c) He headed Zaporizhzhya b) gone for the Dniester
8. Who belongs to the following words?
A) "Do not laugh, do not laugh, Batka! ..how you are me and Batko, and how will you laugh, then, by God, hem, I will not see and I do not respect anyone. "
B) "Let them know everything that means a partnership in the RSA land! Just that I went to die," so no one comes to a TK to die ... "

1. Entry.
but). About the story N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba".
2. The main part.
but). The origin of Taras Bulba.
b). External appearance of the hero.
in). Features of character.
d). Attitude towards his wife, sons.
e). Views on a partnership, love for homeland.
e). Behavior in battle.
g). Death Taras Bulba.
3. Conclusion.
but). Taras Bulba-Popular hero.

1) from Kiev bursa; 2) from the real school; 3) from the guests; 4) from a military campaign
2) What kind of intonation is the author in the meeting stage of Taras and his sons?
1) romantic; 2) lyrical, sad; 3) cheerful, ironic; 4) deleting, joyful
3) What phrase approved your son Taras after their comic battle?
1) "Watch what kind of you are!"
2) "Yes, it beats nice!"
3) "Ah you, such a Syak son!"
4)! Good, son! To her, good! "
4) Where wants to send Taras Bulba to their sons to obtain science?
1) to Kiev Bursa; 2) to relatives; 3) in a military campaign; 4) in Zaporizhia Sch
5) Who ordered to convene Taras on the occasion of the arrival in his sons's native house?
1) all the centurities and the entire regimental chin; 2) close and distant relatives; 3) Mantis; 4) Cossack Ataman with his retinue
6) What basic motifs are based on the basis of N. V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"?
1) the motives of love and friendship; 2) the motives of true patriotism and betrayal; 3) the motives of proud loneliness; 4) the motives of freedom
7) What event does the story ends?
1) The death of Andria; 2) the death of Ostap; 3) Death of Taras Bulba; 4) Returning Taras Bulba home.

The main feature of the artwork on the historical theme is that the author organically combines a story about events that actually had a place, with and author's fiction. The story of N.V.Gogol "Taras Bulba" is somewhat unusual: the historical events in it are not specified, moreover, when reading sometimes it is quite difficult to determine what time the actions are unfolded - in 15, 16 or 17 century. In addition, none of the heroes is a historical face, including Taras himself. Despite this, since the appearance of the work it is counted for epic stories, sometimes called novel. What is the power and scale of "Taras Bulba"?

History of creating a story

The writer's appeal to the topic of the Cossacks was not random. The native of the Poltava province, he from childhood was heard about the heroic feat of the people during the fight against numerous external invaders. Later, when Gogol had already become written, he had a special interest to him brave and loyal homeland, like Taras Bulba. There were a lot of them in the sash. Often the Cossacks became the former fortress peasants - they found the house and comrades here.

N.V. Gogol studied a lot of sources dedicated to this issue, including the manuscript of Ukrainian chronicles, historical studies of Bopopla and Myshetsky. Not satisfied with the read (in his opinion, they contained miserware, which was not enough to understand the soul of the people), Gogol turned to folklore. And the Duma dedicated to the characteristics of the characters, the morals and the life of the Cossacks. They gave the writer a magnificent "living" material, which became an excellent addition to scientific sources, and some plot lines in a revised form were included in the story.

The historical basis of the story

Taras Bulba is a book about free people who inhabited in the 16-17 centuries of the territory of the Dnieper. The center of them was Zaporizhzhya Schish - its name is due to the fact that it has strengthened from all sides by the fence from the fallen trees - interface. It existed its way of life and management. Subjected to frequent attacks from the Poles, the Turks, the Lithuanians of the Cossacks had a very strong, well-trained army. They carried out most of the time in battles and military campaigns, and the mined trophies became the main means of existence. It is not by chance that the Svetlitsa in the house where his wife lived alone, includes numerous signs of the owner's hiking life.

1596 became fatal for the Ukrainian people who was at that time under the rule of Lithuanians and Poles. He adopted the Ulyu on the union of the Pope of the Roman two Christian religions: Orthodox and Catholic. The decision made further complicated the uneasy relationship between the Poles and the Cossacks, which took place in the open military confrontation. This period devoted to Gogol his story.

Image of Zaporizhia Sew

The main school for the upbringing of persistent, courageous warriors was the special way of life and management, and teachers - experienced Cossacks, who have repeatedly showed their valor in battle. One of them was Colonel Taras Bulba. His biography is a story about the formation of a real patriot, for which the interests and freedom of the Fatherland are above all.

Recognized a large republic based on the principles of humanism and equality. Kosheva was chosen by a general solution, usually from among the most worthy. During the battle, the Cossacks had to obey him unconditionally, but in peacetime it was in his duties that Caporozhte's care was taken.

Everything was arranged in the sash to ensure life and military campaigns of its inhabitants: all sorts of workshops and forge worked, livestock. All this will see Ostap and Andry, when Taras Bulba will bring them here.

The story of the short existence of the Zaporizhia republic showed a new way of organizing the lives of people, based on fraternity, unity and liberty, and not at oppressing weak strong.

Home School for Cossack - Martial Brotherhood

On how the formation of young warriors took place, one can judge by the example of the sons of Taras, Ostare and Andria. They graduated from training in Bursa, after which their way was lying in Zaporizhia. Father meets sons after a long separation of not hugs and kisses, but a test on their fists of their strength and skill.

The life of Taras Bulba was unpretentious, as evidenced by the feast in honor of the arrival of sons ("Turning ... Total ram, goat ... Yes, the burners more" - with such words an old Cossack is drawn to his wife) and sleep on the square, in the open sky.

Even the day did not have stayed Ostap and Andry at home, as they went to Schish, where they were waiting for the world's best partnership and glorious feats for their homeland and religion. Their father was convinced that a real school for them could only be part in combat battles.

Zaporozhets

Handing to Sich, Taras and his sons saw picturesquely sleeping in the middle of the Cossack road. He spread out, like a lion, and caused universal admiration. Wide as the sea, harshs, proudly thrown by Chub (they certainly left on a shaved head), a good horse - the real Zaporozhets looked like this. It is not by chance that the main character of the story turns to his sons with a call to immediately change their "demonic" clothes (they came from the bursa in it) to another, worthy Cossack. And they really were immediately transformed into Safian boots, wide sharovar, scarlet Cossacks and lamb hatches. The image was complemented by a Turkish pistol and an acute saber. Admiration and pride caused the well-sacred in the nice stallions of the Father.

The historical basis of the story of Taras Bulba obliges the author to refer to the Cossacks impartially. With all due respect to them and their valor, Gogol truthfully says that sometimes their behavior caused condemnation and misunderstanding. This was a rampant and drunk life, which they led in between battles, excessive cruelty (for the murder of the criminal, buried in the grave along with the victim of alive) and the low cultural level.

Power of a partnership

The main advantage of the Cossacks was that at the time of danger, they could quickly mobilize and make a single army against the enemy. Their dedication, partiotism, courage and loyalty did not have borders. In the story, Taras Bulba himself has proven more than once. The biography of other prominent warriors, among which experienced Tovkach, Kukubenko, Pavel Gubnko, Mosiys Shilo and the young Ostap, also emphasize it.

Well, about the unity and main purpose of the Cossacks, he said in his speech on the eve of the decisive battle of the Bulba: "There is no ultrasound holy partnership!" His speech is the expression of great wisdom and the Holy Faith in the fact that he and his counterparts protect the right thing. At the difficult moment of the word Taras, the Cossacks are printed, remind them of their holy debt to defend their comrades, always remember the faith of Orthodox and devotion to the Motherland. The most terrible for the Cossack was a betrayal: it did not forgive anyone. Taras kills his own son, having learned that because of love for an excellent pool, he preferred personal interests with public. So the bonds of fraternity turned out to be more important than the blood. The fact that this fact corresponded to reality is evidenced by the historical basis of the story.

Taras Bulba - the best representative of the Cossacks

Colonel with a harsh character who has passed a glorious combat path. Nice Ataman and Comrade, who could support encouraging words and give a good advice in a difficult moment. He possessed burning hatred of the enemy, which made Orthodox to faith, and did not regret his own life for the rescue of the Motherland and his fellow in arms. Accustomed to free life, was content with a clean field and was absolutely unpretentious in everyday life. This depicts Gogol of the main character. All his life he spent in battles and always turned out to be in the most dangerous place. Weapons, smoking pipe and a glorious horse of Taras Bulba constituted his main wealth. At the same time, he could joke and shake, was pleased with his life.

The hero disappointed in the younger son experienced great pride for the left. Risching Life, the bulb came to the place of execution, to see him for the last time. And when Ostap, steadily enduring deadly flour, as the last minute called him, he one word, forced to flush the whole area, expressed his pride, approval and support not only to his son, but a friend in spirit, comrades. Until the end of the life, Taras will be sought in his son and revenge for his death. The experienced will add to him cruelty and hatred to the enemy, but will not break his will and the powers of the Spirit.

In the story there is no habitual description of Taras Bulba for the hero, as it is not so important. The main thing is that it has such qualities, thanks to which it was possible to survive at that time.

Taras hyperbolization in the execution scene

The characteristic of the hero complements the description of his death, to a large extent ridiculous. The hero captures, as it leans to pick up the fallen phone - even he does not want to give it to the damned enemy. Here Taras reminds People's Bogcy: a dozen three people could hardly defeat him.

In the last stage, the author describes not pain from the fire, which he was experiencing a hero, and his anxiety for the fate of the fear of felling on the river. At the time of death, he behaves with dignity, remaining the right major principles of the partnership. The main thing, he was confident that life had lived in vain. That was the real Cossack.

The significance of the work today

The historical basis of the story "Taras Bulba" is the liberation struggle of the people with the invaders, which made it hardened on his country and faith. Thanks to such strong spiritualities, people like Taras Bulba, his son and comrades, managed to defend independence and freedom more than once.

The work of N.V. Gogol and its heroes for many became a model of masculinity and patriotism, so it will never lose its relevance and significance.