Monuments on a military theme. Monuments to those killed in the Great Patriotic War. Zakamsk: "eternal" on schedule

75 years ago, on June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War began. The victory in it became the greatest test and the greatest pride for our people. The memory of the fallen soldiers, home front workers and civilians is immortalized in numerous memorials on the territory of our country. Today, you can visit each of these memorials, lay flowers and remember your heroes, who are in every Russian family.

1. Monument-ensemble "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad", Mamayev Kurgan, Volgograd. This is perhaps the most famous memorial dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, majestic and symbolic. It took 8.5 years to build: from 1959 to 1967. Chief architect - Evgeny Vuchetich.

200 steps lead from the foot to the top of the mound. This number was not chosen by chance: that is how many days the Battle of Stalingrad lasted, which put an end to the offensive of the fascist troops. The center of the memorial is the sculpture "The Motherland Calls!" - for many years was the tallest statue in the world: the height is 52 meters. This is 1.5 times the size of the Statue of Liberty in New York. "Motherland" is a unique engineering structure made of iron and concrete, with thin walls (25-30 cm), which maintains balance thanks to surprisingly accurate calculations. In addition to it, the memorial complex includes the Square of those who stood to death, the Hall of Military Glory, the Square of Sorrow, Walls-ruins. When visiting the ruin walls and the Hall of Military Glory, you can hear the voice of the legendary Soviet announcer Yuri Levitan and sound fragments specially recorded for the memorial. In 1965, on the Mamayev Kurgan, a capsule of the participants in the war was laid to the descendants, which should be opened on May 9, 2045, on the day of the centenary of Victory. Since 2014, Mamayev Kurgan has been a candidate for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

2. Museum-reserve "Prokhorovskoe field", Belgorod region, settlement Prokhorovka. On July 12, 1943, the vicinity of the Prokhorovka railway station became the site of the largest tank battle in history.

Aeronautical Federation of Belogorie / belaero.ru

More than 1,500 tanks of the Red Army and the fascist invaders fought in it. This fight turned the tide Battle of Kursk and war in general. In memory of the Prokhorov battle, the Prokhorov Field Museum-Reserve was created. An observation post has been reconstructed here, from which General Pavel Rotmistrov, commander of the 5th Guards Tank Army, issued orders. A memorial sign in the bend of the Psel River was installed in honor of the feat of Senior Lieutenant Pavel Shpetny. All nine people who were part of his platoon, knocking out seven enemy tanks. In 2010, a museum of military glory "The Third Military Field of Russia" was opened in Prokhorovka. The main monument of the memorial is the 59-meter Belfry with a bell that beats three times an hour, recalling the historical role of three military fields: Kulikovsky, Borodinsky and Prokhorovsky. And the architectural dominant of the complex is the temple in the name of the holy supreme apostles Peter and Paul, on the walls of which the names of 7382 soldiers who died in these bloody battles are inscribed

3. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Moscow. The memorial was opened in May 1967 after the burial of the ashes of an unknown soldier who died in the battle for Moscow near the Kremlin wall.

Brian Jeffery Beggerly / flickr.com

The remains were moved from a mass grave at 41 km of the Leningradskoe highway. The monument consists of a tombstone covered with a bronze battle banner, on which lie a soldier's helmet and a laurel branch. And the eternal flame of glory burns in the center. It was brought from the Champ de Mars in 1967. At the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Leonid Brezhnev lit the fire, having received the torch from the hands of the legendary pilot Alexei Maresyev. Nearby is the inscription "Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal." In 1997, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, a guard of honor was established at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. And in 2014, the All-Russian Day of the Unknown Soldier appeared, which is celebrated on December 3.

4. Krivtsov Memorial, Oryol Region ... At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the stronghold of the group of fascist troops was located in the region. In 1942, the Bolkhov operation was carried out, with the bloodiest battle in the Krivtsovo-Chagodaevo-Gorodishche area.

After the offensive, the Soviet troops were able to advance 20 km, but then they stopped. This did not allow the enemy to transfer forces to Stalingrad battle... During the Bolkhov operation, more than 21 thousand soldiers and officers were killed, and more than 47 thousand were injured. The Krivtsov Memorial is located in the "Valley of Death" - this is almost the official name of the valleys of the Oka and Zusha rivers. The memorial ensemble consists of two parts: a monument to the fallen soldiers, in the form of a 15-meter pyramid, and a mourning area with two mass graves, on which the "Eternal Flame of Glory" monument and a 9-meter obelisk are erected.

5. Murmansk "Alyosha" - a monument to the "Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." It was founded in 1969 on the Cape Zeleny Hill, where anti-aircraft batteries were located, which defended the city from air raids.

Murmansk region is the only region where the enemy did not pass more than 30 km from state border... And the fiercest battles took place on the right bank of the Zapadnaya Litsa River, later renamed the Valley of Glory. "Alyosha's" gaze is directed exactly there. There is still no exact data on the number of people killed in the defense of the region. Murmansk "Alyosha" is the tallest monument in Russia after Mamaev Kurgan... Its height together with the pedestal is 42.5 meters. The ensemble of the memorial includes the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the Eternal Flame, a granite stele to the Defenders of the Arctic. At the foot of the monument, two capsules are walled up - one with sea water from the place where the "Tuman" ship was wrecked, the second - with the ground from the Valley of Glory and the area of ​​battles at the Verman line.

6. Rear - to the front, Magnitogorsk. This is the first part of a triptych of monuments, among which "Motherland Calls" in Volgograd and "Liberator Warrior" in Berlin.

As conceived by the authors, the sword, forged by the home front workers in the Urals, raises the Motherland on the Mamayev Kurgan, and already lowers it after the victory of the soldiers in Berlin. The monument is located on a hill, its height is 15 meters. In the center of the monument there are two figures - a warrior and a worker. The worker looks in the direction of the metallurgical plant, and the soldier looks to the west, where the hostilities took place. An eternal flame is installed nearby. The monument was made in Leningrad, and then erected on a fortified hill in Magnitogorsk. Later, on the granite trapeze, the names of the residents of the city were carved, who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in World War II and who died - more than 14 thousand in total.

7. Monument to the Sailor and the Soldier, Sevastopol ... 40-meter monument with a difficult fate. The decision to build a memorial complex at Cape Khrustalny was made back in the 70s of the last century, but the construction began only decades later.

Nanak26 / flickr.com

Construction proceeded slowly, then it was mothballed, since the project was recognized as unsuccessful, and in the late 80s the possibility of dismantling the monument was seriously discussed. Subsequently, the supporters of the monument won, and money was allocated for the restoration, but it was not possible to complete the initially approved project. Now the monument to the Soldier and the Sailor is a must-see for tourist groups, although there are many critics among the locals.

8. Poklonnaya Gora, Moscow. For the first time on the site of the hill between the Setun and Filka rivers, back in 1942, it was proposed to erect a monument to the people's feat of 1812. However, in the difficult conditions of the Great Patriotic War, the project was not implemented.

Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill

Subsequently, a plaque was installed on Poklonnaya Hill promising that a Victory Monument would appear on this site. A park was laid out around it, which also received a similar name. The construction of the memorial began in 1984, and was completed only 11 years later: the complex was inaugurated on May 9, 1995, on the 50th anniversary of the war. The ceremony was attended by the heads of 55 states. On the territory of Victory Park, there are churches of three denominations (Orthodox, a mosque and a synagogue), which symbolize the multinationality of the army of the liberators. The Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War has a unique collection, including 1,500 volumes of the "Book of Memory" and its electronic analogue, which record the fate of Soviet soldiers who defended their country from the Nazis. There is also an exhibition of military equipment on the territory of the park. Well, the center of the monument is the Victory Monument.

9. Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery, St. Petersburg ... This is the largest burial place for the victims of World War II, about 420 thousand residents of besieged Leningrad who died of hunger, cold and disease, 70 thousand soldiers who heroically fought for the northern capital are buried in 186 mass graves.

Taryn / flickr.com

The inauguration of the memorial took place on May 9, 1960. The dominant feature of the ensemble is the monument "Mother Motherland" with a granite stele, on which the epitaph of Olga Berggolts is engraved with the famous line "Nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten." The poetess wrote this poem specifically for the opening of the Piskarevsky memorial. From "Mother-Motherland" there is a 300-meter alley on which red roses are planted. It ends at the Eternal Flame. Here, at the Piskarevskoye cemetery, in the military museum, there is a diary of Tanya Savicheva.

10. Cranes, Saratov. Yuri Menyakin, the creator of the memorial complex in memory of the Saratov people who died in the war, was inspired by the song "Cranes" to the verses of Rasul Gamzatov.

Therefore, the main theme of the monument was light memory and light sadness. A wedge of 12 silvery cranes flying westward symbolizes the souls of the fallen soldiers. In the center of the monument there are three five-pointed stars covered with gold leaf, made by analogy with the highest award of the USSR - Hero Soviet Union... Five flights of stairs lead to the monument, on which cities were knocked out, in the protection and liberation of which Saratov residents took part. The area around the complex is paved with paving stones. It symbolizes the beginning of the war, when soldiers from the parade on Red Square went straight to the front.

Of course, the Great Patriotic War left a huge mark on the history of our Motherland. For 68 years now, we have been annually honoring the memory of those killed on May 9th. We all know that in the vastness of Russia monuments of the Great Patriotic War were built in huge quantities. Below in the article we will consider the most famous of them that are located in the hero cities of Russia: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Murmansk, Tula, Volgograd, Novorossiysk and Smolensk. It was these cities that were most famous for their brave defense during the hostilities of 1941-43.

Let's start with Moscow. All Muscovites will undoubtedly say that the most significant for this city is Poklonnaya Gora, on which Victory Park is located. The park was inaugurated on May 9, 1995 during the Victory Day celebrations. The monuments of the Great Patriotic War located here include exhibitions of military equipment, museums of the Second World War and the Holocaust, a memorial mosque and a synagogue, as well as a temple.In addition to these monuments, there are other minor structures that can be seen throughout Moscow.

Next, let's move on to St. Petersburg. As in the capital, the "Venice of the North" also has a Victory Park, but here it is presented in a double: Primorsky, which is dedicated to naval victories, and Moscow, which is built as a holistic memory of the victory. The first does not stand out in any way, but the latter has a large number of buildings on its territory, which are monuments to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War. Among them stand out where monuments-busts of twice Heroes of Socialist Labor, natives of the city, are built. Also worth noting is the "Rotunda" monument, commemorative crosses and plaques, various sculptures and the "Temporary" chapel. In addition to these parks, it is worth mentioning the Museum-Reserve "Breaking the Siege of Leningrad", as well as the memorial museum "Defense and Siege of Leningrad", in which the entire severity of the battles and the "snatching" of victory from the Nazi invaders are highlighted.

Tula is not particularly replete with monuments, however, it is worth noting the monument to the defenders of Tula in the Great Patriotic War, which is located on the Barrow of Immortality in the city of Efremov, built at the own expense of residents.

Undoubtedly, one of the greatest cities that showed heroic defense and no less heroic counteroffensive is Volgograd. On the most famous hill, where bloody battles took place from September 1942 to January next - Mamayev Kurgan, there is an architectural ensemble of monuments dedicated to the Second World War. It includes perhaps the most famous monument WWII Russia "Motherland Calls!", Which, by the way, is one of 3 squares (Sorrow Square, Heroes Square, Square Standing to Death), Monumental relief, high relief "Memory of Generations", Military cemetery, Walls-ruins. The construction, during which many architects were involved, lasted almost 10 years, from 1959 to 1967.

Next, we will have a quick look at the monuments of the Great Patriotic War in Smolensk. In the Readovka park, there is the Mound of Immortality, which was built by the residents of Smolensk in memory of the soldiers and ordinary people who died during the Second World War. It was inaugurated on September 25, 1970. Not far from the Kurgan you can see the Eternal Flame, and in the park itself there is also where thousands of soldiers are buried. Among other monuments of Smolensk, the monument of the Great Patriotic War "Bayonet" is worthy of mention, which was erected in memory of the soldiers of the legendary 16th Army that defended the city in July 1941.

The connection of people with their past, with their history is memory. One of better ways to perpetuate the memory of an outstanding person or important historical event-. For the vast majority of Russians, one of such events is the Great Patriotic War. Now there are monuments of the Second World War in almost every city, especially in the European part of Russia.

Despite the abundance of memorials and small memorable objects, new ones are still being erected, because after that war there were many “dark spots”, many heroic stories that deserve to be immortalized. If you are interested in WWII monuments, production such structures can be ordered from our company. We guarantee a professional approach, attention to every detail, favorable prices.

How the Fresh Look company works

These memorial structures are a separate category, not just an architectural composition. This is an opportunity to show the respect of current generations for the heroic past of their people, their country, their ancestors. By ordering a book dedicated to the victims of the Second World War, you can perpetuate the memory of an important historical era and its heroes for centuries.

Making and installing new memorial structures is a common practice today. Monuments of the victory of the Second World War are ordered not only state organizations, but also the relatives of the victims, relatives of veterans, just not indifferent people. Monuments are erected at the places of hostilities, at mass graves. The Fresh Look company is a high-class specialist who will approach the execution of the order with all responsibility. Some principles of our work:

• Designers who strive as accurately and vividly to convey the character traits of the heroes of the Second World War, the spirit of the events of that time. All artistic images are intertwined to create certain accents required by the customer.
• Extensive practical experience allows us to successfully fulfill orders of any complexity, creating unique architectural and sculptural compositions. The staff of the company consists of real professionals in stone processing, historians, experts in symbolism.
• Attention to all details - careful selection of materials, determination of the color scheme and dimensions of the structure, the type and location of the inscriptions. We are talking about complex work, which is carried out in strict accordance with the wishes of the customer.

We create memorial complexes of the Great Patriotic War in constant interaction with the client. He can control the manufacturing process, make adjustments at the design stage. All solutions proposed by designers are included in the project only after agreement with the customer. You can choose one of standard options that only needs to be adapted to specific people and events.

Services for the restoration of monuments of the Second World War

Unfortunately, over time, memorials begin to deteriorate, especially if proper regular maintenance is not available. But these are still objects of memory, and you can return them to their original appearance - for this, it is enough to carry out restoration work. Our specialists can carry out the restoration of any monuments of the Second World War, of any design and from any materials. We will return the beauty to the memorial!

To place an order, please contact Fresh Look!

Monuments to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War

National Memorial of Military Glory

By Presidential Decree Russian Federation No. 1297 of November 17, 2009, the memorial architectural ensemble of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was given the status of the National Memorial of Military Glory and is included in the State Code of Especially Valuable Cultural Heritage Sites of the Peoples of the Russian Federation

Unkown soldiers grave

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is a memorial architectural ensemble in Moscow, in the Alexander Garden, near the walls of the Kremlin.

On December 3, 1966, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the defeat of German troops near Moscow, the ashes of an unknown soldier were transferred from a mass grave on the 41st kilometer of Leningradskoye Highway (at the entrance to the city of Zelenograd) and solemnly buried in the Alexander Garden.

On May 8, 1967, a memorial architectural ensemble was opened at the burial site " Unkown soldiers grave" designed by architects D.I.Burdin, V.A.Klimov, Yu.R. Rabaev and sculptor N.V. Tomsky. The eternal flame was lit on the grave by Leonid I. Brezhnev, who received the torch from the Hero of the Soviet Union A.P. Maresyev. A bronze composition is installed on the tombstone - a soldier's helmet and a laurel branch lying on a battle banner. In the center of the memorial there is a niche with the inscription - "Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal" (proposed by S. V. Mikhalkov) made of labradorite with a bronze five-pointed star in center, in the middle of which the eternal flame of glory burns.

To the left of the grave - a wall of crimson quartzite with the inscription: "1941 FALLED FOR THE HOMELAND 1945"; on the right - a granite alley in blocks of dark red porphyry, which contain capsules with the soil of the hero cities: “Stalingrad” (from Mamayev Kurgan) - until September 2004 the inscription read “Volgograd”, “Leningrad” (from the Piskarevsky cemetery), “ Kerch ”(from the defense lines),“ Kiev ”(from the foot of the Obelisk to the participants in the city's defense),“ Minsk ”(from the defense lines),“ Novorossiysk ”(from the defense lines),“ Odessa ”(from the defense lines),“ Sevastopol ” (from Malakhov Kurgan), "Tula" (from the lines of defense), " Brest Fortress"(From the foot of the walls).

From December 12, 1997, in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia, post No. 1 of the guard of honor was moved from the Lenin Mausoleum to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The guard is carried out by the military personnel of the Presidential Regiment. Changing of the guard takes place every hour. In connection with the work on the creation of the National Memorial of Military Glory, the guard of honor was not exhibited from December 16, 2009 to February 19, 2010. Also for this period, the ceremony of laying wreaths and flowers at the memorial was stopped. On December 27, 2009, with military honors, temporarily for the period of reconstruction, the Eternal Flame was moved to Poklonnaya Gora in Victory Park.

On Defender of the Fatherland Day, February 23, 2010, the Eternal Flame was returned to the Kremlin wall.

A new element has appeared in the National Memorial of Military Glory for the 65th anniversary of the Great Victory - a stele in honor of the cities of military glory, which is installed next to the alley of hero cities, near the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

On the days of memory dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, statesmen, veterans, delegations, heads of foreign states and governments lay wreaths and flowers at the "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier".

Eternal flame of memory and glory

Eternal flame- a constantly burning fire, symbolizing the eternal memory of something or someone. Continuous combustion is achieved by supplying gas to a specific spot where a spark is generated. Usually included in the memorial complex. The first eternal flame in the USSR was lit at the monument to the fallen heroes near the village of Pervomaisky, Shchyokinsky district, Tula region on May 9, 1957. In many cities of the former Soviet Union, the Eternal Flame burns in memory of those killed in the Great Patriotic War.

Three Eternal Flames are burning in Moscow: Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, on Poklonnaya Hill, on Transfiguration cemetery.

Eternal flame on Poklonnaya Hill

A still from the NTV channel On April 30, 2010, the second Eternal Flame was lit on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow. It was decided to light a fire on Poklonnaya Hill at the request of the Council of Veterans of the city of Moscow. From December 2009 to February 2010, there was a flame that was transferred from the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier during the reconstruction of the memorial complex near the walls of the Kremlin. Later, the fire was returned to its historical place. In addition, near the Eternal Flame on Poklonnaya Hill, it was decided to create a kind of Post No. 1 for students of cadet corps. Ten times a year, during the days of military glory and major public holidays, young guys will keep watch here. The torch, lit at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Alexander Garden, was carried with honors to the memorial on Poklonnaya Hill. The honor to ignite a new "hearth of Memory" was given to the honorary citizen of Moscow, participant of the battle for Moscow, chairman of the Moscow Council of War, Labor and Law Enforcement Veterans Vladimir Dolgikh, Hero of Russia Colonel Vyacheslav Sivko, member of the Moscow children's public organization "Sodruzhestvo" Nikolai Zimogorov. Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov, who took part in the ceremony, said that the new Eternal Flame would in no way compete with the memorial at the Kremlin wall. On the contrary, they will complement each other.

The eternal flame at the Preobrazhensky cemetery

On April 30, 2010, at the military memorial necropolis of the Preobrazhensky cemetery, a solemn ceremony of lighting the third Fire of memory in Moscow took place. The torch with a particle of the main Eternal Flame of the country at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Alexander Garden arrived at the Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery after lighting the Fire of Memory and Glory on Poklonnaya Hill.

The eternal flame at the Preobrazhensky cemetery was lit because it was the first and only one in Moscow - it was brought here in 1956 from Leningrad, from the Field of Mars. It burned until the pipes were worn out. The fire was lit only on holidays.

The Preobrazhensky necropolis is the largest military memorial in Moscow. Here are buried servicemen who died of wounds in hospitals in Moscow during the Great Patriotic War. Some burials were individual, some were fraternal. 10678 people are buried here. Some mass graves contain up to 20 burials. Nameless people are getting smaller and smaller. There are only graves of 43 soldiers without tablets. In addition to the mass graves, the cemetery contains the graves of 41 Hero of the Soviet Union, 3 Heroes of Russia and 3 full holders of the Order of Glory.

Obelisk commemorating the awarding of the honorary title to Moscow - " Hero city»

Obelisk in commemoration of the awarding of the honorary title to Moscow - Hero City - The Motherland highly appreciated the contribution of Muscovites to the defeat of the enemy: hundreds of thousands of Muscovites were awarded orders and medals, more than 800 of them were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, over 800 thousand people were awarded the medal “For the Valiant labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. ”By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 8, 1965, Moscow was awarded an the title "Hero City" with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

To commemorate the awarding of the honorary title "Hero City" to Moscow, a 40-meter "Obelisk" was erected in the park at the fork of Kutuzovsky Prospekt and Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya Street. "Obelisk" was opened on May 9, 1977. The authors of the monument are architects G. Zakharov, 3. Chernysheva, sculptor A. Shcherbakov.

Clad in gray hewn granite, the Obelisk ends with a five-pointed golden star. On the facade of the monument there is the text of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On conferring the honorary title of" Hero City "to the city of Moscow, made of overlaid gilded bronze letters. Above the text there is a bas-relief Order of Lenin cast in bronze and gilded. Three 4-meter granite figures - a warrior , worker and women workers - flank and close the trapezoidal obelisk in plan. Each figure is located on its own pedestal. The whole structure is raised on a sodden hill with a bypass platform, to which three granite stairs lead. The monument expresses the unity of the front and rear, the greatness and heroism of the glorious defenders of Moscow who defended the capital Soviet state from an enemy invasion.

Monument to the Defenders of the Russian Land

"View photo" The monument to the Defenders of the Russian Land was opened in 1998 at the intersection of Kutuzovsky Prospekt and Minskaya Street. Sculptor A. Bichugov.

The monument embodies the continuity of generations of the defenders of the Motherland: the warrior Ancient Rus with a sword in his hands, a soldier of the Patriotic War with Napoleon and a hero of the Great Patriotic War Monument - Stele of the 1st Guards Moscow-Minsk motorized rifle division The monument was erected in 1976 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the creation of the division and its exploits in the Great Patriotic War. Located on the Square of the Moscow-Minsk Division (intersection of Malaya Filevskaya and Minskaya streets), Minskaya, 13. Architect O.K. Gurulev, artist-architect S.I. Smirnov, sculptor I.P. Kazansky. On the monument there is an inscription "Ploschad MOSCOW-MINSK DIVISION". Below it are the bas-reliefs of the orders that the division was awarded with: Lenin, Red Banner, Suvorov, Kutuzov, and the guards sign. Below are the inscriptions: "The square of the Moscow-Minsk division was named in 1976 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the formation of the 1st Guards proletarian Moscow-Minsk division and its military exploits in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." "The stele was installed by the chiefs of Metrostroy."

Victory Memorial Complex on Poklonnaya Hill

Victory Park (in Moscow) - the memorial complex of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. in the west of Moscow. The memorial complex was opened on May 9, 1995 for the 50th anniversary of the great Victory. Victory Park is bounded from the north by Kutuzovsky Prospekt, from the west by Minskaya Street, from the east by General Ermolov Street, from the south by Fonchenko Brothers Street and residential buildings located near the Moscow-Sortirovochnaya station of Kiev direction Moskovskaya railroad... In the eastern part of the memorial complex there is Poklonnaya Gora, not far from it - the Moscow metro station Pobedy Park .

History of Victory Park. For the first time, it was proposed to build a monument to the people's feat back in 1942 (architect Y. Chernikhovsky). But it was not possible to carry it out in wartime conditions. On February 23, 1958, a memorial granite sign was erected on Poklonnaya Hill with the inscription: "A monument to the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 will be erected here." At the same time, trees were planted around, a park was laid, which was named after Victory. In the 1970s-1980s, 194 million rubles were collected from the subbotniks and personal contributions of citizens for the construction of the monumental monument. Subsequently, funds were allocated by the state and the government of Moscow. A plot of land of 135 hectares was allocated for the entire complex. In the 90s, on the day of the 50th anniversary of Victory, the Victory Memorial Complex was built, opened on May 9, 1995.

Main alley "Years of war"

The main alley "Years of War", located between Victory Square and the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War, consists of five terraces symbolizing the five years of the war. 1418 fountains were erected over five water surfaces - so many days the war lasted and blood shed. In the center of the square there is a stele 141.8 meters high, crowned with the goddess of victory Nika. At the foot of the obelisk, on a granite podium, there is a statue of St. George the Victorious, who hits a snake with a spear - a symbol of the victory of good over evil.

Victory Monument - obelisk on Victory Square in Victory Park on Poklonnaya Gora

Project architect - Zurab Tsereteli, design and calculation - TsNIIPSK, under the direction of B.V. Ostroumov. An obelisk of extra strong steel weighing 1000 tons and 141.8 meters high (10 centimeters for each day of the war), covered with bronze bas-reliefs. At a height of 122 meters, a 25-ton bronze figure of the goddess of victory Nika is attached to the stele. At the foot of the obelisk, on a granite podium, there is a statue of St. George the Victorious, striking a dragon with a spear. The Victory Monument was opened on May 9, 1995 as part of the Victory Memorial Complex.

Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War

The main object of the complex is the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War, founded in 1993 on the initiative of the veterans of the Great Patriotic War. Opened on May 9, 1995 during the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Victory. The building of the museum was built according to the project of a group of architects led by A.T. Polyansky. The general fund of the museum is 50 collections with a volume of more than 50 thousand items.

In front of the museum there is Pobediteley Square, to which the central alley of Victory Park leads from Kutuzovsky Prospect. In the building of the museum there is a Hall of Memory, in which the Books of Memory are located in special showcases - 385 volumes, in which the names of people who died in the war are inscribed; Hall of Fame, six dioramas dedicated to the main events of the war. The museum funds contain genuine items of weapons and military equipment, numismatics, philately and philocardy, household items, a large number of handwritten documentary and photographic materials, materials visual arts telling about the Great Patriotic War, the joint struggle of the countries anti-Hitler coalition against Germany and its allies. The museum contains the Victory Banner, hoisted on April 30, 1945 over the Reichstag in Berlin. Exposition of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

Hall of Memory

Hall of Memory on the ground floor. There is a sculptural group by Lev Kerbel “The Weeping Mother” based on the motif of Michelangelo's “Pieta”. Monument to the victims of the Great Patriotic War. The woman who bowed over the fallen soldier in grief is both the mother mourning her son, and the sister of her brother, and the wife of her husband. This is the face of sadness, morning, you, grief, always experienced in its own way. But the sculpture also has a common meaning for everyone. Five hundred years ago Michelangelo sculpted Pieta out of the gloom - "Christ, taken from the heart, is prostrated on the knees of the Mother of God mourning him." This old, Christian syu-zhet, therefore, the sculpture acquires a new meaning. The Mother of God mourns the fallen soldier, and he is like Christ who sacrificed himself to save people. But that's not all. In the doctrine of Orthodoxy, Russia, Russia is the home of the Mother of God. Hence the well-known concept - Motherland. She grieves for her Savior. In Russian icon painting there is a subject similar to a drink - the Assumption. The apostles and saints on earth mourn the Bo-city; appearing in the radiance of Glory, Christ takes her soul, in the form of a swaddled baby, to heaven. Along the walls in the Hall of Memory there are glass cases, which contain 385 volumes of the Book of Memory with a list of all those who died in the battles for the Motherland and the missing. Information about each of them can also be obtained using the e-book Memory. The military-historical exposition is located along the entire perimeter of the building. The central relic is a table from the Yalta Conference in 1945 at which Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill met.

Hall of Fame

The main one in the Pantheon of Victory Park is the Hall of Fame. At the top of the dome of the Hall of Fame is the Order of Victory. The Hall of Fame is decorated with the sculpture "The Soldier - the Winner" by the sculptor V. Znoba. There are 6 dioramas in the hall, created by famous masters of the Studio of military artists named after M.B. Grekova: "The Soviet counter-offensive near Moscow in December 1941", "Combination of the fronts. Stalingrad ”,“ Blockade of Leningrad ”,“ Kursk Bulge ”,“ Forcing the Dnieper ”,“ Storming Berlin ”. On the marble walls of the hall, 11,717 names of the participants in the war, awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, are carved high awards in the Great Patriotic War.

Monument "Spirit of the Elbe"

Poklonnaya Mountain. Monument "Spirit of the Elbe". Dedicated to the meeting of the allied forces on the Elbe River in April 1945. Installed in 1995 by the Park Pobedy metro station. Types Photo Sights of Moscow. The monument was opened in 1995 in the western part of Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill. Address: Poklonnaya Gora, Victory Park, Metro Park Pobedy. The "Spirit of the Elbe" monument is dedicated to the meeting of the Allied Forces on the Elbe River in April 1945.

Monument to the Missing Persons

In the mighty sculpture "Missing in action", standing on the alley of tankers, there is acute pain and suffering in the appearance of a wounded soldier, and in our hearts there is bitterness and sadness, because feat and death always walk side by side. This monument perfectly conveys the suffering of the soldiers in the war. These heroes, heroes, even because no one knows their names, will not see their faces at the victory parades. The sculptor K. Sokolovsky perfectly conveyed all this in his creation. The Monument to the Missing Persons was opened in 1995.

Monument "Tragedy of Nations"

Monument "Tragedy of Nations" - a monument to prisoners of Nazi concentration camps, installed in 1997. The sculptor is Zurab Tsereteli. The height of the monument is 8 m. It was originally located on Victory Square.

Monument to the Soldiers of the Anti-Hitler Coalition Member Countries

The monument to the Soldiers of the countries participating in the anti-Hitler coalition was solemnly opened on May 9, 2005 on the Partizan Alley. By Mikhail Pereyaslavets. A 20-meter stele of white marble, crowned with the emblem of the United Nations (UN), is located in the center of the Partisans Alley, one of the most beautiful alleys in Victory Park. At the foot of the stele there is a pedestal on which four bronze figures of soldiers of the USSR, USA, Great Britain and France rise.

Monument "Spanish volunteers who fought in the ranks of the Red Army and died in the fight against fascism during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." The monument was erected in 2001 in the western part of Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill. Architect A. Mikhe. Engineer S. I. Vorontsov.

Exhibition of military equipment

File: Voorug pgm.JPG In Victory Park under open air a unique exhibition of military equipment and engineering and fortifications was launched. Here are more than 300 samples of heavy equipment from the USSR and its allies, Germany and its allies who took part in the battles.

See also: Official website: http://www.poklonnayagora.ru/

Monument to the soldiers of the Moscow air defense on the Square of the Defenders of the Sky in Krylatskoye

It was erected in 1995. The authors of the monument, sculptor L.Ye. Kerbel and architect E.G. Rozanov, immortalized the feat of all the heroes of the air defense: pilots and sky scouts, anti-aircraft gunners, fighters of aerostatic barriers. The monument is an expressive and laconic composition: in front is the figure of the Motherland with a baby in her arms, saving our future. As a historical background of the ongoing event, at a distance, 13 meters from this statue, a screen of metal structures in the form of a stylized radar installation with bronze high reliefs rises, on it there are genuine wartime anti-aircraft guns with episodes of the heroic defense of the Moscow sky. Here is an air battle in which our fighter plunged a fascist vulture. Here are the girls in military uniform a balloon is carried along the embankment. All these are pictures of the war years. And on the reverse side of the screen are inscribed the names of the air defense units that defended Moscow from the Nazi aviation.

Monument to the Fallen (Heroes - Defenders of the Motherland) at the cinema "Brest". Address: st. Yartsevskaya, 21. Sculptor Alexander Burganov.

Memorial sign to the underground workers "Young Guard". Installed in the park near the church at the intersection of Molodogvardeyskaya and Yartsevskaya streets.

Molodogvardeyskaya Street is named in memory of the underground heroes of Krasnodon and their immortal feat during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

Monuments those killed in the Great Patriotic War on the territories of enterprises of the Western District

Monument to the workers of the Nogin factory who died during the Great Patriotic War. Installed on the territory of the factory. Address: Vitebskaya street, possession 9. The factory was transferred to Yuzhny administrative District in 2003. Representative offices of various companies are located on the territory of the former factory.

Monument to the workers of MRTZ who died during the Great Patriotic War. Installed on the territory of MRTZ. Address: st. Vereiskaya, 29.

The monument to VILSA workers who died during the Great Patriotic War was opened in 1964. Address: Mozhaisky district of Moscow, st. Gorbunova, 2.

Monument to the workers of the Rublevskaya waterworks who did not return from the battlefields during the Great Patriotic War. Installed on the territory of the Rublevskaya waterworks. Architect Podstavkin P.K.

Memorial to those who fell and died from wounds in the Great Patriotic War at the Kuntsevo cemetery

Memorial at the Mass Grave of the soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic War and died from their wounds. Installed at the initiative of the enterprises of the Kuntsevsky district at the Kuntsevsky cemetery in honor of the 30th anniversary of the Victory in 1975. An eternal flame burns at the memorial. Address: Kuntsevo cemetery (Ryabinovaya st.)

Memorial plaques to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War

Memorial plaque on Artamonov Street, houses number 3 and number 20, named in 1961 in honor of the Hero of the Soviet Union Alexei Alekseevich Artamonov. Students of the school, working on the project "Names of Heroes - Streets of the Western District", discovered an error in the name of the hero on memorial plaque on houses No. 3 and No. 20 on Artamonov Street, with which they turned to the district council. The head of the council, Anatoly Alekseevich Stolpovsky, supported the initiative: it was decided to eliminate the inaccuracy, and the installation of a new plaque in memory of Hero A.A. Artamonov to coincide with the Victory Day. May 9, 2007 new board. The opening ceremony was attended by the hero's relatives - the wife of his son T.I. Artamonova, granddaughter Elena Vyacheslavovna and great-grandson Vasily.

A memorial plaque on Botylev Street in Rublevo was installed on the building of the former school No. 580, where the military unit that defended Moscow was formed. The street is named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Vasily Andreevich Botylev.

Memorial plaque on Bogdanov Street, house 50, named after Marshal of Armored Forces Bogdanov Semyon Ilyich.

A memorial plaque on Bolshaya Ochakovskaya Street, house 33 perpetuates the memory of the Hero of the Soviet Union, partisan Kolesova Elena Fedorovna.

Memorial plaque on Vatutin Street, house number 1, named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Fedorovich Vatutin.

Memorial plaque on Klochkov Street, named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Vasily Georgievich Klochkov.

Memorial plaque on the street Natasha Kovshova, house number 5/2, named in honor of the Hero of the Soviet Union, Red Army sniper Natalya Venediktovna Kovshova.

Memorial plaque on Matrosov Street, house number 1, named after a private of the Red Army, Hero of the Soviet Union, Matrosov Alexander Matveyevich.

Memorial plaque on Marshal Nedelin Street, house 40, named after the Hero of the Soviet Union, Chief Marshal of Artillery Nedelin Mitrofan Ivanovich in 1961.

Memorial plaque on Pivchenkov street, house number 10, named in honor of the Hero of the Soviet Union Vladimir Timofeevich Pivchenkov in 1961.

Memorial plaque on Polosukhina street, house number 4, bldg. 1 named in 1966 in honor of V.I. Polosukhin, Divisional Commander of the 32nd Rifle Division, glorified in the battles of Mozhaisk.

Memorial plaque on Rashchupkina Street, house number 25, named after the tanker, Hero of the Soviet Union, Andrei Ivanovich Rashchupkin, who lived in this house before the war.

Memorial plaque on Aleksey Sviridov Street, house number 1, named in honor of the hero of the Soviet Union Aleksey Andreevich Sviridov in 1965.

Memorial plaque on 8 Tolbukhin Street, named after Marshal - Hero of the Soviet Union Fedor Ivanovich Tolbukhin.

AiF.ru has collected stories of destroyed and forgotten monuments of the Great Patriotic War: extinct "eternal" lights and monuments drowning in debris.

Eternal "eternal" fire

Photo: AiF / Ekaterina Grebenkova

A guard of honor from schoolchildren every weekend and holidays comes to Svoboda Square in the center of Staraya Sarepta - Volgograd district. More than three thousand are buried here Soviet soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War.

An 18-meter-high obelisk was opened here in 1958. And about 14 years ago, the mechanism of the Eternal Flame was arranged, which does not work today.

Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Kuzmina

As explained in the administration of the Krasnoarmeisky district, the eternal flame is lit only at "protocol events" - only a few times a year. The reason is the lack of funding. On such days, and this is May 9, August 23 (the day of the beginning of the most destructive bombing of Stalingrad), February 2 (the defeat of the Nazi troops at Stalingrad), sponsors bring a bottle of liquefied gas to the memorial, which is connected to the "eternal flame". On ordinary days, the obelisk at the mass grave is decorated only with wreaths and fresh flowers.

Zakamsk: "eternal" on schedule

The symbol of the Great Victory in Zakamsk is shown only once a year for several hours. Memorial "Rear to Front" - one of the unspoken symbols of the city - is located in a cozy park, families with children often come here for a walk.

Memorial "Rear - Front" - one of the unspoken symbols of Zakamsk. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov

There are drawings on half of the monuments, rubbish is scattered everywhere. The tiles are cracked in some places. In the extinct Eternal Flame, along with dirty foliage and candy wrappers, lies a plastic bottle.

A plastic bottle is lying in the extinct Eternal Flame. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov

In the municipal budgetary institution"Improvement of the Kirovsky District" said that here the Eternal Flame burns only on Victory Day: from 9 am to 10 pm. On other days, the gas is turned off - they do not find money.

Maintenance of the monument, including restoration, takes place annually according to the schedule. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov

The situation with the monument to the workers and employees of the shipyard who died during the Great Patriotic War is even worse than with the memorial "Rear to Front". The sculpture is owned by the factory, which is supposed to take care of the pedestal, installed in 1975.

Monument to the workers and employees of the shipyard who died during the Great Patriotic War. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov

For 40 years, the monument has never been repaired. The green paint is peeling from all sides. The eternal flame, for which the frame is made in the form of a five-pointed star, has not burned for a long time. There are candy wrappers, cigarette butts and even a gnawed bone nearby.

The eternal flame, made in the shape of a five-pointed star, does not burn. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov

Before the holiday, they promise to bring the monument to its proper form: eliminate defects, tint. On Victory Day, according to tradition, residents of the city will come here. Flowers will be laid at the memorial. Fiery patriotic speeches will again sound from an impromptu stage, a field kitchen will unfold next to the monument. They promise to light the eternal flame. For this purpose, a gas cylinder will be specially brought. But after the holiday, the symbol of eternal memory will be extinguished again - until next year.

Mila's tragedy

Even sadder is the fate of the monument to the girl Mila, which was erected on the Soldier's Field in Volgograd in 1975. In January, a sculpture of a girl with a flower was destroyed by vandals. As established by the investigation, a local resident pushed the monument from the pedestal in order to remove the surface layer of metal from it and hand it over to the collection point.

Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Kuzmina

Mila's sculpture appeared on the Soldier's Field for a reason. Fierce battles were fought in the Gorodishchensky district. A small detachment of Soviet soldiers took up defenses here, having an order to stop the enemy offensive at any cost.

Memorial Soldier's Field. Photo: press service of the government of the Volgograd region

From here before the fight Major Soviet army Dmitry Petrakov wrote a letter to his daughter Mila, the lines of which are engraved on a granite triangle: “My black-eyed Mila! I am sending you a cornflower. Imagine: there is a battle, enemy shells are bursting around, there are craters around and a flower is growing here. And suddenly another explosion - the cornflower was torn off. I picked it up and put it in my tunic pocket. The flower was growing, reaching for the sun, but it was ripped off by a blast wave, and if I had not picked it up, it would have been trampled. This is how the fascists do in the occupied settlements where they kill the guys. Mila! Papa Dima will fight the Nazis until his last breath, so that the Nazis will not treat you the same way as with this flower ... "

Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Kuzmina

Today, instead of cornflowers, weeds grow on the Soldier's field, the asphalt pavement has crumbled and cracked, the symbolic plowshares of the plows with which the field was plowed have rusted. And the mass grave, in which the urn with the ashes of the dead soldiers is buried, is overgrown with thick grass.

The monument to the girl Mila was recently restored. But when the work on the maintenance of the Soldier's Field will be organized is still unknown.

Death Log is buried in garbage

Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Kuzmina

The mass grave, in which the soldiers of the 95th rifle division are buried, together with their commander, is located right on the banks of the Volga. Fierce battles took place here, when the river literally burned, and its waters acquired a blood red color. Today it is not easy to find this obelisk. There are no signs, and not all residents of the Krasnooktyabrsky district know about the existence of the monument.

Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Kuzmina

It was here, in the Glubokaya Balka ravine, that the front line of the division's defense passed. The gully was shot by the Germans all the way to the Volga, the losses were enormous, for which the area got its name - "The Log of Death".

Today the monument is surrounded by rubbish. Broken bricks, fragments, bottles, packages. Judging by the huge garbage bags, residents bring and dump garbage here on purpose, not wanting to bother with waste disposal.

Chelyabinsk: a monument among the kiosks

In Soviet times, schoolchildren knew by heart the names of 23 Chelyabinsk motorists who became Heroes of the Soviet Union and full holders of the Order of Glory. In Chelyabinsk, two monuments were erected to soldiers-motorists. One of them is located on the territory of a liquidated military school, it is hidden from human eyes by a high fence and a strict checkpoint. The school was closed, the monument was “liquidated” along with it.

The second monument to warriors-motorists has always been honored and respected. Here, in the courtyard of Bazhov Street, they took excursions and laid flowers. Today the monument is forgotten, abandoned, crumbling with old age. The place has long been chosen by the owners of retail outlets.

Monument to soldiers-motorists in Chelyabinsk. Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Uvarova

“I was still little. In the 80s, I ran here with her friends to play hide and seek, ”says Elena Kulumbeyeva, a resident of a neighboring house. - In the nineties, the monument miraculously disappeared. Look closely - and he was fenced off, as it were. To get there, you had to try. And everyone has forgotten how so? "

A shopping center has sprung up behind the fence. The monument against its background was completely lost. To get to the monument, you need to walk three hundred meters from the road along the impassable mud at any time of the year. The situation is also aggravated by construction waste: a trailer with workers is located nearby, who now and then bring building materials right here, to the foot of the monument.

Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Uvarova

Near the monument are not wreaths and bouquets of fresh flowers, but an old broken chair and the same antediluvian table. Builders go here for a smoke break.

Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Uvarova

It seems that, apart from them, no one has been interested in the monument for a long time. The red star on the stele burned out long ago and almost merged with the gray concrete. The decoration of the monument crumbles and falls off in pieces. All that was left of the white marble fence were rickety pieces of square tiles. Rusty iron bars stick out around the monument. Once upon a time there was an inscription here: "Nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten."

But the construction of multi-apartment, colorful, bright houses is underway nearby. A stream of buyers is drawn to the shopping complex, who do not even know that on the other side, in a vacant lot, a monument rests just a few meters away.

Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Uvarova

St. Petersburg: the monument behind the hangar

Last winter, in St. Petersburg, one of the members of the Zhivoi Gorod public movement discovered an abandoned monument to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War behind the hangars of the Lenta hypermarket. A cast-iron figure of a soldier, covered with snow, stood in an industrial zone, on the territory of the former plant of lifting transport equipment named after I. Kirov. Next to the blue fence that encloses the industrial zone, there is a stele on which more than five hundred names of the deceased employees of the plant are engraved. The stele says “1941 - 1945. Nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten. Eternal glory heroes. Together with the Fatherland, you all won the Victory. We have kept you in our hearts. "

An abandoned monument to WWII veterans was found behind the hangars of a hypermarket. Photo: Movement "Living City"

Contrary to the inscription, the memory of the heroes who gave their lives for Great Victory, have not saved. These photos were taken almost a year and a half ago - in the winter of 2013. During this time, the blue fence was changed to a concrete one with barbed wire. Now you can't go to the monument at all. To the question of the AiF.ru correspondent, one of the workers of the industrial zone, passing by, answered: “I don’t know any monument. Go away, you can't take pictures here. " Most likely, the monument to the heroes of the war has already been dismantled.

Now you can't get to the monument at all. Photo: AiF / Yana Khvatova