19/3/2007 Air Rubles for Putin's proletariat is closed. The shoals were swimming in the node (young, however, slipped out) - and turned into a catch. Which is already weighed, it is divided and thrown away. For each ton of the agitmasters, the fastener was formed in an expensive costume and with corn from

Can Russia trade on rubles? The topic of the transition of Russia in its international settlements from the dollar and other key currencies on rubles was periodically raised by our economists and politicians. More Soviet Finance Minister (subsequently Prime Minister) Valentin Pavlov

To seriously earn in the war in Afghanistan, as well as in the Great Patriotic War, only senior officers. From Afghan, they exported imported audio video equipment in large numbers and other valuable things.

"Chekists", risking and leaving

According to memories of those who served in Afghan, ordinary and sergeants received each month from 9 to 12 rubles with checks (sometimes 20 rubles). These were not even money, but their equivalent, which was in turnover mainly from the "contingent". On such minor dennaunations, which are a kind of currency, it was possible to acquire only some trifle needed in the soldier's house, like a toothpaste, brushes or threads-needles. However, "grandfathers" were dismissed with "young" and these modest means.

A wounded soldier or a sergeant could count on monetary compensation in the amount of a maximum of 200-300 rubles, depending on the number and nature of injuries. "Knoki" (those who participated in hostilities and whose life was associated with everyday risk) and "specialists" (KGB and GRU instructors) received within 100 rubles. Most of the check currency turned into an environment officers. Checks of the Vespochlorine can be reflected in the 200th Army Mortitory, stationed in Afghanistan, or until 1989 in currency "birchings", where dubious operations with checks brought thousands of income.

Checks faked and changed

A significant part of the salary of officers and ensigns who served in Afghanistan was paid by checks. In terms of the then dollar rate (60 kopecks per dollar), the check cost several times more expensive. Having given his satisfaction with the Soviet military personnel, the state is secretly deceiving them, since when exchanging checks on rubles, the real amount of salary decreased significantly.

In the USSR, there was a black market, where the cost of the Afghan check reached 3.5 rubles. By the end of the Afghan campaign, the senior officers of the Soviet Army could earn up to 500 checks, and this was only part of their contentment. Checks marked with seals with numbers. Their bearers needed to show military tickets, passports and other identity cards to confirm the authenticity of payment documents. Despite these precautions, Afghan checks were constantly faked and born speculators and smugglers.

What could be purchased for a check in Afghanistan

Machinations with checks were affair. The officer who had the amount in the checks corresponding to the fourth part of the "Volga" cost, could buy a car out of turn. At that time it was a serious incentive.

Afghan checks were advantageous from 100 rubles (big money on Soviet standards) to a penny. A penny cost boxes of matches or a non-marked envelope. In Afghans, Cheki said only in Voentorga. In principle, they could be changed on the local currency at the rate of one check to 10-16 Afghani.

The soldiers and sergeants understood a little in this settlement system, and officers and ensigns did money on checks - they speculated them, they were prosed to the Union. In the latter case, customs officers often connected to the matter, which, of course, received their baryrs. Nevertheless, by the time of the conclusion of the Soviet troops from Afghanistan, the check was devalued and the ruble was equivalent.

Who could have exported imported audio video equipment from Afghanistan, carpets and other valuables. On this, too, it was also possible to earn in the USSR in the era of total deficit.

To seriously earn in the war in Afghanistan, as well as in the Great Patriotic War, only senior officers. From Afghan, they exported imported audio video equipment in large numbers and other valuable things.

"Chekists", risking and leaving

According to memories of those who served in Afghan, ordinary and sergeants received each month from 9 to 12 rubles with checks (sometimes 20 rubles). These were not even money, but their equivalent, which was in turnover mainly from the "contingent". On such minor dennaunations, which are a kind of currency, it was possible to acquire only some trifle needed in the soldier's house, like a toothpaste, brushes or threads-needles. However, "grandfathers" were dismissed with "young" and these modest means.

A wounded soldier or a sergeant could count on monetary compensation in the amount of a maximum of 200-300 rubles, depending on the number and nature of injuries. "Knoki" (those who participated in hostilities and whose life was associated with everyday risk) and "specialists" (KGB and GRU instructors) received within 100 rubles. Most of the check currency turned into an environment officers. Checks of the Vespochlorine can be reflected in the 200th Army Mortitory, stationed in Afghanistan, or until 1989 in currency "birchings", where dubious operations with checks brought thousands of income.

Checks faked and changed

A significant part of the salary of officers and ensigns who served in Afghanistan was paid by checks. In terms of the then dollar rate (60 kopecks per dollar), the check cost several times more expensive. Having given his satisfaction with the Soviet military personnel, the state is secretly deceiving them, since when exchanging checks on rubles, the real amount of salary decreased significantly.

In the USSR, there was a black market, where the cost of the Afghan check reached 3.5 rubles. By the end of the Afghan campaign, the senior officers of the Soviet Army could earn up to 500 checks, and this was only part of their contentment. Checks marked with seals with numbers. Their bearers needed to show military tickets, passports and other identity cards to confirm the authenticity of payment documents. Despite these precautions, Afghan checks were constantly faked and born speculators and smugglers.

What could be purchased for a check in Afghanistan

Machinations with checks were affair. The officer who had the amount in the checks corresponding to the fourth part of the "Volga" cost, could buy a car out of turn. At that time it was a serious incentive.

Afghan checks were advantageous from 100 rubles (big money on Soviet standards) to a penny. A penny cost boxes of matches or a non-marked envelope. In Afghans, Cheki said only in Voentorga. In principle, they could be changed on the local currency at the rate of one check to 10-16 Afghani.

The soldiers and sergeants understood a little in this settlement system, and officers and ensigns did money on checks - they speculated them, they were prosed to the Union. In the latter case, customs officers often connected to the matter, which, of course, received their baryrs. Nevertheless, by the time of the conclusion of the Soviet troops from Afghanistan, the check was devalued and the ruble was equivalent.

Who could have exported imported audio video equipment from Afghanistan, carpets and other valuables. On this, too, it was also possible to earn in the USSR in the era of total deficit.

Military labor payment

In Russia, military work has always been paid very poorly. People are far from the army could never imagine how little the work of people wearing epaulets are rewarded. It has always been believed that the military get a lot. However, it is not.

Even before the 1917 revolution, the officers received simply begging content. General Zaisonchkovsky P.A. In his book, "autocravia and the Russian army at the turn of the XIX - XX centuries" leads such data - the lieutenant of the army (senior lieutenant) received 40 rubles in 1913. per month. For comparison, the average salary of the factory worker was 35 rubles, the salary of a qualified worker was from 80 to 200 rubles.

Even worse there was a salary. Without financial assistance from the house, even in the guard soldiers just hungry. The Count Ignatiev in the book "Fifty years in the rank" writes that he, being an officer of the Life Guard Guard of the Sauna Regiment, was forced to spend all his officer salary on the addition of soldiers of his squadron, and live on his own funds (he took place from one of the most notable and rich families of Russia).

In Red, and later the Soviet Army, the situation with the payment of military work was hardly many better. It was believed that the soldier is in full state security and the money to him seems to be not what. In the first years of Soviet power, the main emphasis in the promotion of military work was made on moral factors (gratitude, honorary diplomas, photography against the background of a deployed combat part of the part, enhancing the honor of honor, enhancing the honor of the Honor of Parts, the plates of excellent students of the Red Army, receptions of the distinguished commanders in the Kremlin and etc.).

By the middle of the thirties, the situation changes somewhat. Mathematical incentives are added to moral incentives. The author meets in the festive orders of the defense addict such types of rewards: to award the annual (semi-annual, three-month, monthly, crescent) salary of the monetary content, award a hunting rifle, to reward a private car. However, such encouragements more often concern persons of the highest commanders, polar pilots, test pilots.

During the Great Patriotic War Money and money content has significantly lost their meaning. On the one hand, on the front there was no place to buy something and soldiers, the officers usually sent their money to the rear to their families (the financial document called "cash certificate" actually went, and family members in the local military registration and enlistment office have already received a salary of her husband, father) . But in the rear, this money also did not play a significant role in the life of the families of servicemen. There was enough of any money with an excess to redeem soldering bread on cards and no money was missing to buy anything in a commercial store or on the market. My mother recalled that the money sent monthly by the Father (Major, the commander of the rifle battalion) was enough to buy 3-4 liters of milk or 1-2 loaves of black bread on the market.

With the end of the war, the situation with the financial support of military personnel has improved significantly. In comparison with the meager salary of workers and employees and the complete absence of such a collective farmers, even the salary of an over-pass sergeant seemed very significant. It is in first post-war years And a myth was born about an incredibly high salary of the military Yes, despite the fact that the army is dressed.

Now specific numbers. In 1966-88, the monetary content of the soldiers and sergeants was determined by several tariff discharges for his position. The title from ordinary to the foreman did not affect the amount of money. The soldier received 3 rubles per month (for understanding the size of this amount - a pack of cigarettes "Prima" 14 kopecks, a bottle of vodka 2p.87kop., Baton of bumping bread 22 cop., Kilogram boiled sausage 2p.20kop, beer bottle 37 cop., kilogram potatoes -10 kopecks).

In addition, the soldier was issued per month 80 kopecks. on cigarettes. When serving abroad, the tobacco money was not issued (in return, 12 packs of cigarettes per month were issued), and money allowance Increased twice - 6 rubles. And issued in local currency (for comparison - in Czechoslovakia Bank Krabov 2 rubles, a bottle of beer 17 kopecks, a bottle of Coca-Cola 8 cop., Milk liter 10 kopecks).

Sergeants depended on the position of 8 to 30 rubles. per month.

Cadets of military schools in the first year of 8-50, on the second 10-80, on the following 15-80.

This monetary content was added a reward for qualifications (the so-called admissibility for classity). There was no expert of the 3 class of spending. Specialist of the class 2 has gained added to a salary of 5 rubles, 1 class 10 rubles.

When on vacation and back, on a business trip, and other trips, in return for food solder, the so-called prosputy money was issued in the amount of 1 rub .30 kopecks. for a day. When finding outside of part (where it is impossible for food from military cuisine), in return for a soldering, its value was issued in the amount of 87 kopecks. per day.

Soldiers and sergeants who have jumps with a parachute for each jump received extra money (as the soldiers joked - "for the ... niche pants"). The size of this remuneration to the author is definitely unknown. Soldiers and sergeants divers for each descent to water also received additional reward. Its size depended on the depth of immersion and time of operation under water. For example, diving-deep-fork for each descent to a depth of more than 70 meters received 180 rubles for one descent. There were also allowances for flights to the stratosphere as part of the crews of the aircraft.

In addition to these issued payments, soldiers and sergeant as a promotion for success in combat and political training, it could be obtained by order of the commander of the part of the monetary premium or a valuable gift. However, the size of the premium or the cost of the gift was limited to the amount of 10 rubles. And at the entire regiment (1500 people) financial authorities allocated no more than 200 rubles per year.

Several otherwise paid the work of officers. Money allowance was made from the salary for the title (Lieutenant 50 rubles and about 10 rubles. For each next title), salary for the position (platoon commander 130 rubles and approximately plus for 10-20 rubles for each superior position), allowances for Lead service (10% after the first two years of officer service and then 5% for every next 5 years, but not more than 25%) and the cost of food soldering (fixed 20 rubles). There were still allowances for the service in the remote area (15%), for the service at the Far North, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, the desert, abroad (from 50 to 100%). Moreover, with the service abroad, one salary was issued in local currency, and the second went to the savings book in the USSR with Soviet money. Of all amounts, income tax was held 13%.

Travel to vacation location and back free. Comer trips were paid in the amount of 2 rubles.50 kopecks. per day plus payment of the hotel but not more than 3 rubles70 kopecks. per day. But when traveling with a personnel, no travel was paid. During field exercises, the so-called field money was paid 1 rub. During the day, but for meals from soldiers' cuisine was held from the salary of 87 kopecks. per day. There were surcharges for jumping with a parachute (in the seventies in the ground forces from the number of officers of the regimental link, probably, perhaps, only financiers), for diving descents. For the grave there was no premium.

There were allowances for special conditions of service (work with sources of ionizing radiation, work with poisoning substances and toxic components of rocket fuel, etc.).

In addition to these issued payments, an officer as a promotion for success in combat and political training could be obtained by order of the commander of the part of the monetary premium or a valuable gift. However, the size of the premium or the cost of the gift was limited to the amount of 30 rubles. And at the entire regiment (about 200 officers) financial authorities have allocated no more than 600 rubles per year.

In order for the reader a holistic impression to say that in 1970 in the Far East, the Lieutenant commander of the platoon of the first year of the officer service received 178 rubles. per month. For comparison - a ticket to the Moscow-Khabarovsk plane cost 108 rubles, taxi from Domodedovo Airport to the city of Yaroslavl 78 rubles, lunch (without wine) in the Moscow restaurant 3-5 rubles.

It is impossible in a brief article to state all the features of the monetary content of servicemen, all their categories. Here I did not cover the payment of sailors, pilots.

How military labor is paid now, I just don't want to write. I just say that each ruble, saved to pay for soldiers, officer labor is cast by the people with zinc drawers (cargo 200).

Literature.

1. Zaisonchkovsky P. A. Self-Gajavia and the Russian Army at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. 1881- 1903. Moscow. Military publishing house 1973.
2. Ignatiev A.A. Fifty years in the ranks. Moscow. Military publishing house 1986.
3. Regulations on the financial content of the Soviet Army and the Navy. Order of the USSR MO No. 375-68.
4. Regulations on the passage of military service officers of the Soviet Army and the Navy. Order of the USSR MO No. 200-67.
5. Directory of the officer of the Soviet Army and Navy. Moscow. Military publishing house 1970s.
6. Directory of the Officer of the Soviet Army and the Navy under the law. Moscow. Military publishing house 1976.
7. Order of the GC Navy No. 5-1977 "On Drucial Desk".
8. Order of the USSR No. 105-77 "Regulations on the military economy of the Armed Forces of the USSR.
9. Order of the USSR MO No. 85-84 "Regulations on the material responsibility of military personnel for damage. Caused by the state."
10. Charter of the internal service of the USSR Sun. Moscow Military Publishing House 1965