Right holder illustration Ria Novosti. Image Caption. Semyon Tymoshenko and Georgy Zhukov knew everyone, but took secrets in the grave

Until the very beginning of the war and in the first hours after him, Joseph Stalin did not believe in the possibility of the German attack.

The fact that the Germans cross the border and bomb the Soviet cities, he learned about 4 am on June 22 from the head of the General Staff George Zhukov.

According to Zhukovsky "memories and reflections", the leader did not respond to the heard, but only heavily breathed into the tube, and after a long pause, he was limited to the fact that Zhukov and the People's Commissar of Defense Semenu Tymoshenko go to the Kremlin's meeting.

In the prepared, but not spoken speech at the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU in May 1956, Zhukov argued that Stalin had banned the fire on the enemy.

At the same time, Stalin in May-June secretly transferred to the western border of 939 echelons with troops and technicians, under the guise of educational fees called 801 thousand reservists from stock, and on June 19, the secret order reorganized the border military districts into the fronts, which was always done exclusively a few days before The start of hostilities.

"The transfer of troops was planned with the calculation of the concentration from June 1 to July 10, 1941. The disposal of the arrangement of the fork was influenced by the offensive nature of the planned actions," said the published Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in 1992 by the collective monograph "1941 - lessons and conclusions."

There is a legitimate question: what is the reason for the tragedy on June 22? Usually called "errors" and "miscalculations" of the Soviet leadership. But with attentive consideration, some of them are not naive misconceptions, but a consequence of thoughtful measures to prepare a proactive impact and subsequent offensive actions, Vladimir Danilov, historian

"Suddenness was, but only tactical. Ahead of us Hitler!" - stated in the 1970s Vyacheslav Molotov writer Ivan Stadnieku.

"The trouble was not in the absence of plans we were - the plans were!" And the fact that a suddenly changed setting did not allow them to perform, "Alexander Vasilevsky reported in the article written to the 20th anniversary of the victory, but seen the light only at the beginning of 90. -H.

Not "Motion Rezun", and the President of the Academy of Military Sciences General Army Mahmoud Gareev said: "If the plans of defensive operations were, then there would be a group of forces and funds, the management and echelonization of material reserves would be built in a different way. But this Not done in the border military districts. "

"The main miscalculation of Stalin and his wines was not that the country was not prepared for defense (she did not prepare for her), but in the fact that it was not possible to accurately determine the moment. A proactive blow to our Fatherland Millions of lives and perhaps He would have led to the same political results to which the country was broken, hungry, lost the color of the nation, came in 1945, "said the director of the Institute of History of Ran Academician Andrei Sakharov.

Clearly conscious of the inevitability of the collision with Germany, the leadership of the USSR before June 22, 1941 did not see himself in the role of the victim, did not guess with the dying heart, "they will not attack - they will not attack," and it worked hard to start the war in a favorable moment and spend her "Malaya Blood in someone else's territory. " With this, according to most researchers. The difference in detail, dates and, mainly, in moral estimates.

Right holder illustration Ria Novosti. Image Caption. The war was killed unexpectedly, although the premonition of Vital in the air

In this tragic day, on the eve and immediately after him, amazing things were going on, not laid down in the logic of preparation for defense, nor in the logic of preparation for the offensive.

It is not, based on documents and evidence of the participants of the events of the explanation, and it is unlikely to appear. There are only more or less believable guesses and versions.

Son Stalina

At about midnight, on June 22, having consistent and allowing Tymoshenko and Zhukov to send a contradictory document to the border districts for their signatures, known as the "Directive No. 1", the leader left the Kremlin to the nearby country.

When Zhukov called a message about the attack, the guard said that Stalin was sleeping and did not say to wake himself, so the head of the General Staff had to shrink on him.

The widespread belief that the USSR was waiting for the attacks of the enemy, and only then planned the offensive, it would not take into account that in this case the strategic initiative would be given to the opponent's hands, and Soviet troops were put in the obviously unfavorable conditions Mikhail Meltejukhov, a historian

Saturday June 21 passed in incredible tension. With the border flow, there were reports that the approaching roar of motors comes with the German side.

After at 13:00, German soldiers read the order of the Fuhrer, two or three Communist's Delets were overpowered by the Bug to warn Kamaraden: today at night it will begin. By the way, another mystery is that it is not known to us about these people who would have to become in the USSR and the GDR Heroes.

Stalin spent a day in the Kremlin in the Society of Tymoshenko, Zhukov, Molotov, Beria, Malenkov and Mehlis, analyzing the incoming information and discussing how to be.

Suppose he doubtedly in the data obtained and did not take concrete steps. But as you could lie to bed, without waiting for the junction when the account was going on the clock? Moreover, the person who had the habit even on the everyday calm atmosphere to work until dawn and sleep before lunch?

Plan and Directive

In the headquarters of the Soviet troops in the Western direction before the divisions, there were included detailed and clear covert plans that were kept in the "red packages" and were subject to execution on obtaining an appropriate order of the defense addict.

Cover plans differ from strategic military plans. This is a set of measures to ensure mobilization, concentration and deployment of the main forces in the event of a threat of a proactive strike of the enemy (a personnel of fortifications, anticipation of artillery on tan hazard directions, lifting parts of aviation and air defense, intelligence activation).

The introduction of a cover plan is not a war, but fighting alarm.

During the two-hour meeting, started at 20:50 June 21, Stalin did not allow Tymoshenko and Zhukov to make this necessary and obvious step.

Directive completely knocked troops on the border of Konstantin Pleshakov, historian

In exchange, the famous "Directive number 1" was sent to the border districts, in which, in particular, it was said: "During the 22nd and 23 June, the sudden attack of the Germans is possible. The task of our troops is not to succumb to any provocative actions [...] at the same time be in Full combat readiness to meet a possible blow [...] of other events without a special order not to hold. "

How can I "meet a blow," without conducting events provided for by the cover plan? How to distinguish provocation from the attack?

Belated mobilization

Incredibly, but the fact: Universal mobilization in the USSR was not declared on the day of the start of war, but only on June 23, despite the fact that every hour of delay gave the enemy additional advantages.

The relevant telegram of the Commissar of Defense entered the central telegraph at 16:40 June 22, although from an early morning a more relevant task of the leadership of the state, perhaps, was not.

At the same time, a short, total of three proposals, text written by a dry stationery, did not contain a word about the treacherous attack, the protection of the Motherland and the Holy Duty, as if it was about a routine appeal.

Theatrical concert evening

The command of the Western Special Military District (by that time in fact of the Western Front), headed by the Army General Dmitry Pavlov held Saturday evening in the Minsk House of Officers at the Operette Presentation "Wedding in Malinovka".

Memoir literature confirms that the phenomenon was massive and widespread. It is difficult to assume that large commanders in that atmosphere are familiar together to have fun without indication.

There are numerous evidence of the abolition of 20-21 of the previously given orders to increase combat readiness, an unexpected announcement of the weekend days, sending aircraft artillery to educational fees.

The anti-aircraft divisions of the 4th Army and the 6th mechanized Corps of the Western OWO met the war on the landfill 120 km east of Minsk.

Order of the troops on the expulsion of artillery on the polygons and other ridiculous in that setting of the instructions caused the complete bewilderment of Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky

"On Sunday, a weekend was announced on Sunday. Everyone was delighted: they didn't reste three months. In the evening on Saturday, the command, pilots and technicians went to families," recalled the former pilot of the 13th bombarding airlock Pavel Tsupko.

The commander of one of the three OPOVO APPOVIATIA Nikolay Belov on June 20 received an order of the commander of the District Air Force to bring a division into combat readiness, cancel vacation and dismissal, dispersed the technique, and at 16:00 on June 21 he followed his abolition.

"Stalin sought the state itself and the behavior of the border districts themselves to make it clear that we have calmness, if not carelessness. As a result, we, instead of changing disinformation actions, introduce an aggressor to delusion about the combat readiness of our troops, really reduced it to extremely low Degree, "the former head of the operative department of the 13th Army headquarters Sergey Ivanov was perplexed.

Ill-fated regiment

But the most incredible story happened in the 122nd fighter airlock, covered Grodno.

On Friday, on Friday, high ranks from Moscow and Minsk came to the part, and at 6 pm on Saturday, an order was announced on Saturday: to remove the I-16 from fighters and send weapons and ammumbers to the warehouse.

Right holder illustration Ria Novosti. Image Caption. To reinstall the machine guns on the I-16, was required for several hours

The order was so wild and inexplicable that the pilots spoke about treason, but they were forced to silenced.

Needless to say, the next morning the 122th air strike was completely defeated.

The grouping of the Soviet Air Force in the West direction numbered 111 airlocks, including 52 fighter. Why exactly this attracted such attention?

What happened?

"Stalin, contrary to obvious facts, believed that this was not a war, but the provocation of individual undisciplined parts of the German army," said Nikita Khrushchev in the report at the XX Congress of the CPSU.

The obsessive idea of \u200b\u200bsome provocation, apparently, really attended Stalin's mind. He developed it in the "Directive No. 1", and on the first after the beginning of the invasion of the meeting in the Kremlin, which opened at 05:45 June 22. Until 06:30, he did not give permission to open a retaliatory fire, while Molotov did not report that Germany officially declared the War of the USSR.

Now the late St. Petersburg historian Igor Bunly argued that a few days before the start of the war, Hitler sent Stalin a secret personal message with the warning that some English generals could try to provoke a conflict between the USSR and Germany.

Stalin allegedly noticedly noticed Beria that we might, so it is impossible, we were convulsed in our army.

True, detect the document in Germanic or Soviet archives failed.

The Israeli researcher Gabriel Gorodetsky explains the actions of Stalin by panic fear and the desire at any cost not to give Hitler a reason for aggression.

Stalin really drove every thought, but not about the war (he did not think about anything else), but that Hitler at the very last moment will be able to beat him Mark Solonin, historian

"Stalin driven away any idea of \u200b\u200bwar, he lost his initiative and was practically paralyzed," said Gorodetsky.

Opponents object that Stalin was not afraid in November 1940, Molotov's mouth hard to demand Finland from Berlin, South Bukovina and the base in Dardanelles, and at the beginning of April 1941 to conclude whisker Hitler and at the same time did not have a practical sense agreement with Yugoslavia.

The demonstration of defensive preparations provoke a potential enemy cannot be provoked, but you can get once again to think about it.

"Having dealing with a dangerous enemy, it should probably show him, first of all, his willingness to dissolve. If we demonstrated our true power to Hitler, he would have refrained from the War from the USSR at that time," said a crowded stabyst Sergey Ivanov, subsequently served before the army general.

According to Alexander Osokina, Stalin, on the contrary, intentionally pushed Germany to attack to appear in the eyes of the world the victim of aggression and get American help.

Critics indicate that the game in this case came out painfully dangerous, Lend-Liz did not have in the eyes of Stalin of self-sufficient importance, and Roosevelt was guided by the Khlebadov principle "Who started?", But the interests of US National Security.

Shoot the first

Another hypothesis was put forward by historians Kestetut Nokornetsky and Mark Solonin.

In the first three weeks of June, Tymoshenko and Zhukov met with Stalin seven times.

According to Zhukov, they called upon to immediately lead the troops into some incomprehensible "state of complete readiness for war" (preparation and so carried out continuously and at the limit of forces), and, in the opinion of a number of modern researchers - to cause a proactive blow, without waiting for the completion of strategic deployment .

True is an amazing fiction, because the fiction should be kept within the probability, and the truth is not Mark Twain

Riskornetsky and Solonin believe that in the face of the apparent aggressive intentions of Berlin, Stalin was kept to the military.

Presumably at the meeting on June 18 with the participation of Tymoshenko, Zhukov, Molotova and Malenkov was decided to start a preventive war not ever, and on June 22, in the longest day of the day. Only not at dawn, but later.

War with Finland preceded. According to the researchers, the war with Germany also had to begin with provocations - a few bought "Junkers" and "Dorney" on Grodno. Per hour, when residents are breakfast and go to the streets and rest in the parks after the labor week.

The propaganda effect would be deafening, and Stalin could well donate in the highest interests of several dozens of civilians.

The version is quite logical explaining almost everything.

And Stalin's failure to believe that the Germans will hit almost simultaneously (such matches simply never happens, and that Hitler intends to do in the following days, no matter).

And the beginning of mobilization on Monday (the decree was prepared in advance, and they did not get concerned in the confusion of the first morning of the war).

In the field two wills Russian saying

And the disarmament of the fighters based undergruna (so that someone from the "vultures" were not shot down over the Soviet territory).

Proerous grace made even more blatant fascist cunning. Bombs were to fall into a peaceful Soviet city among a complete well-being. Contrary to generally accepted opinion, the demonstration was not addressed to the Germans, but to their citizens.

It becomes clear and reluctance of Stalin to lubricate the effect, before entering the cover of the cover.

Unfortunately for the USSR, aggression was real.

However, it is only a hypothesis that the authors themselves emphasize.

Less than all Stalin and Beria

The question issued in the title of this article is discussed for decades, but to this day there is no honest, accurate and complete answer. However, for many people, he is obvious: Of course, Joseph Vissarionovich and Lavrentini Pavlovich are primarily responsible for the tragic principle of the Great Patriotic War. However, the following are facts, without taking into account, in my deep conviction, an objective analysis of the then situation is impossible.

I will begin with the memories of the former commander of the Aviation of the Naval Marshal Aviation Aviation A. E. Golovanov (title, by the way, directly repeats the name of one of the sections of the book). He writes that in June 1941, the commander of a separate 212nd long-term bombardment regiment, subordinates directly by Moscow, arrived from Smolensk to Minsk to represent the commander of the Air Force of the Western Special Military District I. I. Koktsu and then the commander himself of the registration of D. G. Pavlov. During the conversation with Golovanov Pavlov, he contacted HF with Stalin. And he began to ask General Questions to which the commander of the district answered the following: "No, Comrade Stalin, this is not true! I just returned with defensive frontiers. There is no concentration of German troops on the border, and my intelligence officers work well. I'll check again, but I think it is just a provocation ... "

At the end of the conversation, Pavlov threw Golovanov: "Not in the spirit of the owner. Some sampling tries to prove it that the Germans focus the troops on our border. "

Alarm messages

Today it is not possible to accurately establish who was this "bastard", but there is every reason to believe that I had in mind the People's Commissar of the USSR L. P. Beria. And this is why ... On February 3, 1941, the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from the People's Commissariat of the Interior was allocated a separate People's Commissariat of State Security, headed by Vsevolod Merkulov. On the same day, Beria was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, leaving the head of the NKVD. But now he did not lead foreign intelligence, since it was conducted by the NKGB. At the same time, the mission of the internal affairs was still subject to border troops, who had their own intelligence. In its agents, the "cream of society" was not listed, but she was helped by simple train machines, lubricants, arrogers, modest nights and residents of the pricultone towns ...

They collected information as ants, and she, concentrated together, gave the most objective picture of what is happening. The result of the work of this "ant intelligence" was reflected in the notes of Beria Stalin, three of which are given below in the extractions of the 1995 seventures of Hitler at Stalin's Table, published jointly by the FSB of the Russian Federation, the CVR of the Russian Federation and the Moscow City Association of Archives. Selecting text in bold everywhere my everywhere.

So ... The first note is addressed immediately to Stalin, Molotov and the addict of the defense of Tymoshenko:

Top secret

From April 1 to April 19, 1941, the following data on the arrival of German troops in items adjacent to the state border in Eastern Prussia and Governor-General were released on the Soviet-German border of the NKVD of the USSR on the Soviet-German border.

In the border strip of the Klaipeda region:

Two infantry divisions arrived, Infantry Regiment, Cavescadron, Artillery Division, Tank Battalion and Rota Scaffolding.

In the area of \u200b\u200bSuwalki Lykk:

Profit up to two motomerechdivisias, four infantry and two cavalry regiments, tank and sperm battalions.

To the area of \u200b\u200bMichnets-Ostrogenka:

Profit up to four infantry and one artillery regiments, a tank battalion and a battalion of motorcyclists.

To the Island-Mazowieski Island - Malkyn Gorna:

One infantry and one cavalry shelves arrived, up to two artillery divisions and rings of tanks.

To the Biala Podlaska area:

One infantry regiment arrived, two sapper battalions, cavecadron, catchers and artillery battery.

To the area of \u200b\u200bVloda-Sakhovok:

Profit up to three infantry, one cavalry and two artillery regiments.

To the area of \u200b\u200bthe hill:

Profit up to three infantry, four artillery and one motorized regiments, cavcription and a sperm battalion. There are more than five hundred cars focused.

To the area of \u200b\u200bHruborev:

Profit up to four infantry, one artillery and one motorized shelves and cavras.

Tomashov:

The headquarters arrived, up to three infantry divisions and to three hundred tanks.

Pshevorsk-Yaroslav:

Profit before the infantry division, over an artillery regiment and up to two cava ...

The concentration of the German troops near the border occurred by small units, to the battalion, squadron, batteries, and often at night.

In the same areas where the troops arrived, a large number of ammunition, fuel and artificial anti-tank obstacles were delivered ...

For the period from April 1 to April 19, German aircraft violated 43 times a state border, performing intelligence flights over our territory to a depth of 200 km. "

"... In the areas of Tomashov and Lezajsk, two army groups focused. In these areas, the headquarters of two armies were identified: the headquarters of the 16th army in the town hung ... and the headquarters of the army in the foil ultrasound ... whose commander is General Reichena (requires clarification).

On May 25, from Warsaw ... marked the transfer of troops of all kinds. The movement of troops takes place mostly at night.

On May 17, a group of pilots arrived in Terespol, and a hundred aircraft was delivered at the aerodrome in the plane (near Terespol) ...

The generals of the German army produce reconnecting near the border: On May 11, General Reichenau - in the area of \u200b\u200bthe town of Ulguwek ... May 18 - General with a group of officers - in the Belzhets district ... May 23, General with a group of officers ... in the Radymno area.

In many items near the border, pontoons, tarpaulin and inflatable boats are concentrated. The largest number of them are noted in the directions for Brest and Lviv ... "

"The Border Councils of the NKVD of the Ukrainian and Moldavian SSR (our No. 1798 / b from June 2, s.) The following data was produced:

On the Soviet-German border

May 20 p. G. In Bialo-Podlaska ... The location of the headquarters of the infantry division, the 313th and 314th infantry regiments, the personal regiment of Marshal Geering and the headquarters of the tank joint was noted.

In the Janov-Podlaski district, 33 km north-west of Brest, pontoons and parts for twenty wooden bridges are concentrated ...

In the Soviet-Hungarian border

In the town of Brustura ... there were two Hungarian infantry regiments and in the Husta area - German tank and motorized parts.

According to the Soviet-Romanian border ...

During May 21-24, from Bucharest, the Soviet-Romanian border followed: through Art. Pashkana - 12 echelons of German infantry with tanks; through art. Craiova - two echelon with tanks; on art. Three echelon infantry arrived Duraneneishti and Art. Borschov two echelon with heavy tanks and cars.

At the airfield in the area of \u200b\u200bBouze ... noted up to 250 German aircraft ...

The general headquarters of the Red Army is informed. "

Beria and in the remaining after the beginning of the war, the climbent was directed to Stalin accumulating data as they were mined by the NKVD border troops agent. By June 18-19, 1941, it was clear to them: the account of peacetime is going if not for hours, then on days!

But maybe I am mistaken? After all, a genuine visa of Stalin is known for the specialization of the People's Commissar Completion by V. N. Merkulov No. 2279 / m dated June 16, 1941, which contains information received from the "senior" (Schulze-Bozyen) and "Corsican" (Arvid Harnak). I quote on the collection of documents "Lubyanka. Stalin and NKVD-NKGB-GUKR "Smered". 1939 - March 1946 ":" Tov. Merkulov. Maybe send your "source" from the headquarters of GERM. Aviation to the ebic mother. This is not a "source", and disinformer. I. Art. ".

This visa is now often leading as an argument against Stalin, losing sight that he shares the informants and expresses distrust only to one of them - from the headquarters of Luftwaffe - "Starshine" (Schulze-Boyzen), but not "Corsicans" (Harnaka). Whether Stalin had for this reason, let the reader himself judge.

Although Harro Schulze-Boyzen was an honest agent, his report dated June 16 looks unpervently because the date of the TASS report is confused (not June 14, and on June 6, second-priorities of the raids of German aviation are named secondary Svirkaya HPP, Moscow plants, "Separate parts for aircraft, as well as auto repair (?) Workshops." Of course, Stalin had every reason to doubt the conscientiousness of such "information".

However, by imposing a visa, Stalin then (information from the collection of documents "The Secrets of Hitler on the Table in Stalin") caused V. N. Merkulov to him and the head of foreign intelligence P. M. Fitin. The conversation was carried out mainly with the second. Stalin was interested in the smallest details about the sources. After Fitin explained why intelligence trusts "Corsicans" and "German", Stalin said: "Go, all specify, once again recheck this information and report me."

Here are two facts, not knowing which, make up a loyal look at the then events are simply impossible.

There is a book "I am a fighter" of Major General Aviation Hero of the Soviet Union Georgy Nefedovich Zakharov. Before the war, he commanded the 43rd fighter air traffic in the Western Special Military District in the rank of Colonel. He had the experience of fighting in Spain (6 aircraft personally shot down and 4 - in the group) and in China (3 personally shot down).

This is what he writes (a quote is extensive, but here every phrase is important): "... somewhere in the middle of the last pre-war week - it was either seventeenth, or the eighteenth of June forty-first year - I received an order to flee the commander of the Western Special Military District Over the western border. The length of the route was four hundred kilometers, and to fly to the north to fly to Belostok.

I flew to U-2 with the storming of the 43rd fighter air traffic police Major Rumyantsev. The border areas of the west of the state border were clogged with troops. In the villages, on the farms, in the groves stood poorly disguised, or even not disguised tanks, armored vehicles, guns. Motorcycles, cars - apparently, shryryali, and cargo - Cars. Somewhere in the depths of the huge territory, the movement was born, which here, at our most border, slowed down, resting in her ... and ready to overlapping through it.

The number of troops recorded by us on the eye, which did not leave me any other options for reflection, besides the only one: the war is nearing.

All I have seen during the flight, layered on my former military experience, and the conclusion that I did for myself can be formulated in four words: "From day to day."

We flew to little more than three hours. I often suggested a plane on any suitable platform (allotment everywhere. - S. B.), which could seem random if the border guard immediately did not fit the plane. The border guard arose silently, silently took under the visor (that is, he knew in advance that our aircraft would soon sit down! - S. B.) and waited a few minutes while I wrote a report on the wing. Having received a report, the border guard disappeared, and we rose again into the air and, passing 30-50 kilometers, again sat down. And I wrote the report again, and the other border guard was silently waiting for and then, I trumping, silently disappeared. By evening, we flew to Bialystok and landed in the location of Sergey Black Division ... "

By the way ... Zakharov reports that the Commander of the District Air Force General Copets led him after the report to the commander district. Next, a reimbat quotation: "D. G. Pavlov looked at me as if he saw for the first time. I had a sense of dissatisfaction, when at the end of my message he, smiling, asked, and not exaggerate if I. The intonation of the commander frankly replaced the word "exaggerating" to "panic" - he obviously did not take everything that I said ... Withver those we left. "

As you can see, the information of Marshal Golovanov is reliably confirmed by General Zakharov. And we all say that Stalin de "did not believe Pavlov's warnings."

Zakharov, as I understand it, I sincerely remember when he flew on the task of General Kopts - 17 or 18 June? But most likely he flew on June 18. In any case, no later ... and flew over the task of Stalin, although he himself, of course, did not know how Kopets did not know.

We think about: why, if the task of Zakharov gave the commander of the Aviation Zapovo, that is, a person from the Office of the Commissar Defense of Tymoshenko, the border guards from the People's Commissariat of the Internal Affairs of the People's Commissar of Beria took the border guards from Zakharov? And they took silently, without asking questions: who, they say, are you so and what do you want?

Why was there no questions? How come?! In a tense border atmosphere, the boundary itself produces an incomprehensible plane, and the border outfit is not interested in: what, in fact, the pilot is needed here?

This could be in one case: when on the border under each, figuratively speaking, the bush was waiting for this plane.

Why did he wait for him? Who was needed and even real-time the information of Zakharov? Who could give an order that joined the efforts of the subordinates of Tymoshenko and Beria? Only Stalin. But why was it necessary to Stalin? The correct answer is to take into account the second that I drive a little later is one. It was one of the elements of the strategic probe of Hitler's intentions conducted personally by Stalin no later than June 18, 1941.

Imagine once again the situation of that summer ...

Stalin receives information about the smallest war from illegal immigrants and legal adjustment residents of Merkulov from the NKGB, from General Golikov's illegal from GRA General Staff, from military attache and diplomatic channels. But all this can be a strategic provocation of the West, which seems in the collision of the USSR and Germany their own salvation.

However, there is a border reservoir created by Beria, and here it is not only possible to believe in its information, but also necessary. This integral information from such an extensive peripheral intelligence network is that it can only be reliable. And this information proves the proximity of the war. But how to check everything finally?

The ideal option is to ask Hitler himself about his genuine intentions. Not the environment of the Fuhrera, but his own, because the Führer is more unexpected even for the environment changed the deadlines for the implementation of his own orders!

Here we come to the second (chronologically, perhaps the first) key fact of the last pre-war week. Stalin June 18 addresses Hitler about the urgency in Berlin Molotov for mutual consultations.

Information about this proposal of Stalin Hitler is found in the diary of the Chief of the General Staff of the Ground Forces of Reich Franz Halder. On the 579th second volume page, among other records on June 20, 1941, there is the following phrase: "Molotov wanted 18.6 to talk with the Führer." One phrase ... But it reliably fixes the fact of the proposal of Stalin Hitler about the urgent visit of Molotov to Berlin and completely turns the whole picture of the last pre-war days. Fully!

Hitler in a meeting with Molotov refuses. Even if he began to pull with the answer, it would be for Stalin proof of the proof of the war. But Hitler immediately refused.

After the refusal of Hitler, it was not necessary to be Stalin to do the same conclusion that Colonel Zakharov was made: "From day to day."

And Stalin entrusts the defense addict to ensure urgent and efficient air reconnaissance of the cross-border zone. And emphasizes that intelligence must be carried out by an experienced high-level aviation commander. Perhaps he gave such a task to the Russian Air Force of the RKKE Zhigarev, visited Stalin's office from 0.45 to 1.50 17 (actually, already 18) June 1941, and he called in Minsk Coppie.

On the other hand, Stalin instructs Beria to provide immediate and without interference to the transfer of information collected by this experienced aviator ...

On the eve

Realizing that Hitler decided to war in Russia, Stalin immediately (that is, no later than the evening on June 18) began to give the appropriate orders to the drug addict.

Here, the chronology is very important not that by day, but even by the hour. For example, it is often - as the proof of the alleged "blindness" of Stalin - it is reported that on June 13, S. K. Tymoshenko asked him permission to lead to combat readiness and deploy the first echelons by cover plans. But permission has not been received.

Yes, June 13, so, it is necessary to believe, and it was. Stalin, realizing that the country is not yet ready for a serious war, did not want to give Hitler a single occasion to her. It is known that Hitler was very displeased with the fact that Stalin could not provoke. Therefore, on June 13, Stalin could still fluctuate - whether it is time to take all possible measures to deploy troops. Therefore, Stalin began its own probe, since the TASS statement of June 14, which most likely after the conversation with Tymoshenko he wrote.

But then followed by the above-described band, which completely changed the position of Stalin no later than in the evening of June 18, 1941. Accordingly, all post-war descriptions of the last pre-war week should be considered fundamentally distorted!

Marshal Vasilevsky, for example, later stated that "... it was necessary to feel free to step over the threshold", but "Stalin did not decrease on it." However, the events of June 19, 1941 in Kiev and Minsk (as well as in Odessa) prove that by the evening of June 18, 1941, Stalin decided. Today it is known that on June 19, 1941, the management of the Western and Kiev special districts were transformed into front-line. This is confirmed documented, confirmed in memoirs. Thus, Marshal of Artillery N. D. Yakovlev, before the war of the Kiev OU commander of the Kiev OU, recalled that by June 19, "I have already completed the delivery of his successor and spread out with now former colleagues. On the go, because the headquarters of the district and his management these days just received a decree on redeployment to Ternopil and hastily coagulated work in Kiev. "

Actually, in 1976, in the book of Andreeva and I. Vakurova, General Kirponos, issued by the politicization of Ukraine, can be read: "... In the afternoon, on June 19, from the People's Commissar of Defense, the order of the district headquarters were ordered to the city of Ternopil "

In Ternopil in the building of the former headquarters of the 44th rifle division, the front-line team point of the general of KirPonos was deployed. FCP General Pavlova at that time unfolded in the area of \u200b\u200bBaranovichi.

Could Tymoshenko and Zhukov give an order about it without a direct sanction of Stalin? And could these actions be taken without reinforcing them with the sanction of Stalin to strengthen combat readiness?

But why did the war begun from a strategic failure? Is it not time, I repeat, answer this question is fully and honest? So that everything is not left behind the brackets, as mentioned above.

Line Ukk I. L. Andreeva, O. V. Volobueva. History (6-10)

General history

Russian history

June 22: Chronology of the events of the first day of the Great Patriotic War

On June 22, 1941, the Soviet Union was unexpected, without declaring war, the attack of Nazi Germany. The Great Patriotic War began, the cruel war of the Soviet people with the troops of the Wehrmacht. This day will forever remain the day of memory and grief for all the dead. Today we remember how the events of the first day of that terrible war have chronologically developed.

Peaceful June 41st The first summer month in 1941 was very warm. People spent their weekends as usual: walked with children in the parks, went to the movies, watched performances in theaters. On the eve, on Saturday, the 21st graduation in high school students passed on Saturdays ... But in the evening of this day, the first alarming leading to lead: about nine o'clock in the evening, the German soldier Efreitor Alfred Liskov swam the Bug River and surrendered to the Soviet border guards of the 90th border detachment. Anti-Fascist by convictions, he warned the Soviet command about the preparing attack, which he himself found out some a few hours ago. Alfred even called the exact time of the beginning of the fighting: 4 am, June 22.

On the eve of the war June 22 at 02: 30-03: 00 hours Ambassador of Germany in the USSR Friedrich-Werner von der Schulenburg in the office of the USSR Foreign Affairs office V. M. Molotova made a statement by accusing the Soviet Government in conducting hostile policies of the USSR in relation to Germany, as well as in The fact that the Union "illegally focused on the border with Germany all his troops and led them to complete combat readiness." "The Führer ordered the German armed forces to confront this threat to all means of their disposal" - such were the final words of Schulenburg. At about the same time (04:00 in the morning), the USSR Ambassador in Germany received an official note about the announcement of the war from the German Minister of Foreign Affairs of Joachim von Ribbentrop. It was a belated procedure, by the time the war has already begun ...

Technological cards of lessons are designed in accordance with the textbook "History of Russia. The beginning of the XX is the beginning of the XXI century. Grade 10" O. V. Volobueva, S. P. Karpacheva, P. N. Romanova, Requirements of secondary general education and historical and cultural standard. The manual provides the course of the course, the sequence of studying of educational material has been determined, the planned subject, meta-conductive, personal learning results, the types of educational and cognitive activity of students, as well as the forms of control are reflected. The manual will help the teacher to organize the educational process and will significantly reduce the time to prepare for the lesson. The materials of the benefits are approximate (1 lesson - 1 academic hour), the teacher can complement them at its discretion, based on the tasks set, the level of training of students and taking into account the school component.

3 hours 15 minutes At this time, the German artillery opened fire throughout the Soviet-German border line, at the same time hundreds of aircraft struck strikes on military and civilian objects. Many peaceful cities were hit under the blow of German aviation, among them - Murmansk, Riga, Minsk, Smolensk, Kiev, etc. Already at 03:17, the first news from Sevastopol on the beginning of the bombing of the city of German Aviation was obtained at the General Staff of the Red Army: 06 Chief of Staff of the Black Sea Fleet Council Admiral Ivan Eliseev gave an order to open fire on the controls on the aircraft to opponents who violated the USSR airspace and approaching the country's southern borders.

Belostok-Minsk battle The combat operations started from dawn in the central section of the Soviet-German front were the name of the Belostok-Minsk battle, which a week later ended for the Soviet army by a heavy defeat and loss of the city of Minsk. The news about the beginning of the war turned out to be a complete surprise for the Soviet leadership and caused obvious confusion. Soviet troops lacked either experience or organization to effectively resist the well-coherent German car. Tank counterdashers of our army, applied on June 22, also did not bring significant success.

The workbook is part of the UMC on the history of Russia I.L. Andreeva, L.M. Lyashenko, O.V. Volobuev et al. And corresponds to the GEF of the main general education and the historical and cultural standard. The structure of the working notebook corresponds to the structure of the textbook for the 10th grade Authoro O.V. Volobueva, S.P. Karpacheva, P.N. Romanova. The notebook contains a variety of tasks: tests, compilation of the essay, work with a historical card, correlation of dates and events, etc. and adapted to the training of students to Ogte and the EGE. Special marks are noted tasks aimed at creating meta-delta skills (planning activities, allocate various signs, compare, classifying, to establish causal relationships, transform information, etc.) and personal qualities of students.

Image from Site. myTravelBook.org.

Defense of the Brest Fortress At the same morning (05:00), the Germans hit the hurricane fire of artillery to the Brest Fortress. In the first minutes of the attack of the troops of the Wehrmacht, the Soviet soldiers suffered heavy losses. After the end of art preparation, the Germans moved into an active offensive, and only infantry compounds were to storm the fortress, without the participation of tanks and heavy equipment. At the tick of the fortress was given at about 8 hours. The defenders of the fortress held it for almost a month: the redarmers divided into individual detachments were chosen off the attack and successfully kept defense. But after the involvement of German aviation, the resistance of the Soviet soldiers began to weaken and the Germans managed to finally suppress him.

Speech by Molotov At noon on the radio, the historical speech of the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs V.M. Molotova. It was then that the whole country learned about the German attack on the Soviet Union. During this speech, Molotov first called the war with Germany "the Great Patriotic War". Turning to the Soviet people, he utters his famous phrase: "Our business is right. The enemy will be broken. Victory will be ours!". I.V. Stalin made a similar appeal only in July, after the military-political situation of the war began.

The end of the day In the evening of June 22, the depth of promotion of German troops was from 20 to 70 km. Almost all over the entire state border line, the German troops managed to break through Soviet defense and destroy the management system for troops. Wehrmacht's troops were inspired by such rapid successes on the very first day of the war. It seemed to them that they were overpowering the Soviet Union without much difficulties. Before the Red Army, there was a more difficult task to regroup and prevent further promotion of the Germans to the capital - Moscow. Ahead were another 1417 days of war ...

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The workshop is intended for the organization of independent educational and cognitive activities of high school students when studying the course of the history of Russia (grade 10). It can also be used to organize training activities at the lesson in the framework of the basic course of history, as a course on the selection, lesson systems under the profile level of study of the subject, additional classes in preparation for the exam. This manual contributes to the expansion of the content of the content of the base historical course, the creation of conditions for studying by students of certain research skills of working with a historical source, improving the skills to formulate its own argumental position.

June 21, 1941, 13:00. German troops receive the Dortmund code signal confirming that the invasion starts the next day.

Commander of the 2nd Tank Group of the Center for Army Center Geinz Guderian He writes in his diary: "Careful observation of the Russians convinced me that they are not suspected of our intentions. In the courtyard of the Brest fortress, which was viewed from our observation points, they spent the sounds of Karaulov under the sounds of the orchestra. Coastal fortifications along the Western Bug were not busy with Russian troops. "

21:00. The fighters of the 90th border detachment of the Social Comferdence detained the German soldier, crossed the border river Bug climb. The rank is aimed at the headquarters of the town of Vladimir-Volynsky.

23:00. German mine chargers who were in Finnish ports began to minimize the exit from the Gulf of Finland. At the same time, Finnish submarines began to produce mines off the coast of Estonia.

June 22, 1941, 0:30. The rank is delivered to Vladimir-Volynsky. At the interrogation of soldiers called Alfred Liskov, Military personnel of the 221st regiment of the 15th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht. He said that at dawn on June 22, the German army will go to the offensive throughout the Soviet-German border. Information is transferred to the upstream command.

At the same time, the transfer of Directive No. 1 of the Defense People's Commissariat for parts of Western military districts begins. "During June 22 - 23, 1941, there is a sudden attack of the Germans on the fronts of the LVA, Pribovovo, Zavodovo, Coo, ODO. The attack may begin with provocative actions, "said the directive. - "The task of our troops is not to succumb to any provocative actions that can cause major complications."

Parts were prescribed to lead to combat readiness, secretly take firepoints of fortified areas at the state border, aviation dispersed on field airfields.

To bring the Directive to military units before starting hostilities, as a result, the measures specified in it are not implemented.

Mobilization. Columns of fighters move to the front. Photo: RIA Novosti

"I realized that this Germans opened fire on our territory"

1:00. The commandants of the 90th frontier sections report the head of the detachment by Major Bychkovsky: "Nothing suspicious on the adjacent side is not selected, everything is calm."

3:05 . A group of 14 German bombers JU-88 resets 28 magnetic mines from the Kronstadt raid.

3:07. The Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Vice-Admiral Oktyabrsky reports the Chief of General Staff General Zhukov: "The system of [air surveillance, alert and communications] of the fleet reports about the approach from the sea of \u200b\u200ba large number of unknown aircraft; The fleet is in full combat readiness. "

3:10. UNKB in the Lviv region has a telephone message in the NKGB of the Ukrainian SSR, information obtained during the interrogation of the Alfred Liskov's deferment.

From the memories of the chief of the 90th border of the Major Bychkovsky: "Without ending the interrogation of a soldier, heard a strong artillery fire in the direction of Ustilug (the first commandanttry). I realized that these Germans opened fire in our territory, which was confirmed by the interrogated soldier. Immediately began to call the commandant, but the connection was broken ... "

3:30. Head of the headquarters of the Western District General Klimovskyshe reports on the tax of enemy aviation on the city of Belarus: Brest, Grodno, Lida, Kobrin, Slonim, Baranavichy and others.

3:33. The chief of staff of the Kiev District, General Perkarev reports to the airborne tax on the city of Ukraine, including Kiev.

3:40. Commander of the Baltic Military District General Kuznetsov Reports on raids by enemy aviation in Riga, Schauliai, Vilnius, Kaunas and other cities.

"The enemy flaw is repulsed. Attempt to strike on our ships

3:42. Head of the General Staff Zhukov calls Stalin I. Reports the beginning of Germany fighting. Stalin orders Tymoshenko And Zhukov arrive in the Kremlin, where the emergency meeting of the Politburo convenes.

3:45. The 1st frontier of the 86th of the August border detachment is attacked by a reconnaissance-sabotage group of the enemy. Personal formation under command Alexandra Sivachev, enhancing the battle, destroys the attackers.

4:00. The Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Vice-Admiral Oktyabrsky reports Zhukov: "The enemy falling off. Attempting to strike on our ships is Torn. But in Sevastopol there is a destruction. "

4:05. The heads of the 86th of the August Border Council, including the 1st border guard of Senior Lieutenant Sivachev, are subjected to a powerful artillery shelling, after which a German offensive begins. Border guards, devoid of communication with the command, come into battle with superior enemy forces.

4:10. Western and Baltic special military districts report on the start of the hostilities of the German troops in the land plots.

4:15. Nazis open massive artillery fire in the Brest Fortress. As a result, warehouses were destroyed, the connection was broken, there is a large number of killed and wounded.

4:25. The 45th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht begins an offensive to the Brest Fortress.

The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Residents of the capital June 22, 1941 during the announcement on the Radio Government Report on the perfidious attack of fascist Germany to the Soviet Union. Photo: RIA Novosti

"Protection of non-individual countries, but to ensure the security of Europe"

4:30. The Kremlin begins a meeting of the Politburo Members. Stalin expresses doubt that what happened is the beginning of the war and does not exclude the version of the German provocation. The drug defense of Tymoshenko and Zhukov insist: this is a war.

4:55. In the Brest Fortress, the Hitlerians manage to capture almost half of the territory. Further progress is stopped by a sudden counterattack of redarmeys.

5:00. German Ambassador to the USSR Graph von Schulenburg presents the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Molotov "Note of the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Soviet government", which says: "The German government cannot indispensively relates to a serious threat on the eastern border, so the Führer gave orders to the German armed forces to take this threat to all means." An hour after the actual start of hostilities, Germany de Jura declares the war to the Soviet Union.

5:30. In German Radio ReichSmin Propaganda Goebbels. Reads appeal Adolf Hitler To the German people in connection with the beginning of the war against the Soviet Union: "Now the hour has come when the Jewish-Anglo-Saxon warstores of war and also the Jewish lords of the Bolshevik Center in Moscow are needed to oppose this conspiracy and the Jewish lords of the Bolshevik Center in Moscow ... At the moment, the greatest advantage of troops is carried out Which I saw the world ... The task of this front is no longer the protection of individual countries, but ensuring the safety of Europe and thereby salvation of all. "

7:00. Foreign Reichs Minister Ribbentropstarting a press conference, which announces the start of hostilities against the USSR: "The German army invaded the territory of the Bolshevik Russia!"

"The city burns, why don't you pass anything on the radio?"

7:15. Stalin approves the Directive on the reflection of the attack of Hitler's Germany: "The troops with all their forces and means to fall into the enemy forces and destroy them in areas where they violated the Soviet border." The transfer of "Directive No. 2" due to violation by the saboteurs of operation of communication lines in Western districts. In Moscow, there is no clear picture of what is happening in the combat zone.

9:30. It was decided that at noon, with the appeal to the Soviet people in connection with the beginning of the war, the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of Molotov will speak.

10:00. From the memories of the speaker Yuri Levitana: "Call from Minsk:" enemy aircraft over the city, "call from Kaunas:" The city is burning, why don't you pass anything on the radio? "," Over Kiev enemy aircraft. " Female crying, excitement: "War really? .." Nevertheless, no official posts before 12:00 Moscow time is not transmitted.

10:30. From the report of the headquarters of the 45th German division about the battles on the territory of the Brest Fortress: "Russians are fiercely resisting, especially behind our attackers. In the Citadel, the enemy organized defense by infantry parts with the support of 35-40 tanks and armored cars. The fire of enemy snipers led to great losses among officers and non-Officers. "

11:00. Baltic, Western and Kiev special military districts are transformed into northwest, Western and South-West fronts.

"The enemy will be broken. Victory will be ours"

12:00. The People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov reads the appeal to citizens of the Soviet Union: "Today at 4 o'clock in the morning, without presenting any claims to the Soviet Union, without declaring the war, German troops attacked our country, attacked our borders in many places and subjected to bombing Our cities - Zhytomyr, Kiev, Sevastopol, Kaunas and some others, more than two hundred people were killed and injured. The raids of enemy aircraft and the artillery shelling were also committed from the Romanian and Finland territory ... Now that the attack on the Soviet Union has already been made, the Soviet government provides orders to our troops - to beat off the robbery attack and expel the German troops from our homeland ... The government calls you, citizens and Citizens of the Soviet Union, even closer to rally their ranks around our glorious Bolshevik party, around our Soviet government, around our great leader, Comrade Stalin.

Our business is right. The enemy will be broken. Victory will be ours" .

12:30. Advanced German parts break into the Belarusian city of Grodno.

13:00. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issues a decree "On Mobilization of Military Racheled ..."
"On the basis of Article 49 of the Point" O "of the Constitution of the USSR, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Council of the USSR announces mobilization on the territory of military districts - the Leningrad, Baltic special, Western special, Kiev special, Odessa, Kharkov, Oryvsky, Moscow, Arkhangelsk, Ural, Siberian, Volga, North -Cava and Transcaucasian.

Militibilities are subject to military-bred, born from 1905 to 1918 inclusive. The first day of mobilization is considered June 23, 1941. " Despite the fact that the first day of mobilization is named on June 23, calling points under the military commissocarters are beginning to work by the middle of the day on June 22.

13:30. The head of the General Staff General of Zhukov flies to Kiev as a representative of the newly created headset rate on the South-West Front.

Photo: RIA Novosti

14:00. The Brest Fortress is completely surrounded by German troops. Soviet parts blocked in the Citadel continue to provide fierce resistance.

14:05. Foreign Minister Italy Galeazo Chiano Declares: "In view of the current situation, due to the fact that Germany declared War of the USSR, Italy, as the Ally of Germany and as a member of the Triple Covenant, also announces the war to the Soviet Union from the moment the German troops joined the Soviet territory."

14:10. The 1st frontier of Alexander Sivacheva leads a fight for more than 10 hours. We had only small arms and grenades border guards destroyed up to 60 nazis and burned three tanks. The wounded head of the outpost continued to command the battle.

15:00. From the notes of the Commander of the Army Group of Feldmarshal boc Background: "Question, whether the Russian systematic departures carry out, while remains open. Currently, there is plenty of evidence as "for" and "against" this.

It is surprising that anywhere is not noticeable to any significant work of their artillery. Strong artillery fire is conducted only in the north-west of Grodno, where the VIII Army Corps comes. Apparently, our air force has an overwhelming superiority over Russian aviation. "

Of the 485 attacked border crossing, no one moved without an order

16:00. After a 12-hour battle, the Nazis occupy the positions of the 1st frontier. It became possible only after all the border guards were killed, defending it. The head of the head Alexander Sivachev was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War I degree.

The feat of the head of the senior lieutenant Sivachev became one of the hundreds committed by border guards in the first hours and days of war. The state border of the USSR from Barentsheva to the Black Sea on June 22, 1941 was protected by 666 border stamps, 485 of them were attacked on the very first day of the war. None of the 485 making attacked on June 22 did not move without an order.

The Hitler's command was set to break the resistance of border guards, 20 minutes. 257 Soviet border guard kept defense from several hours to one day. Over one day - 20, more than two days - 16, over three days - 20, more than four and five days - 43, from seven to nine days - 4, over eleven days - 51, over twelve days - 55, over 15 days - 51 Zastava. Up to two months, 45 stamped.

The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Leningrad workers are listening to a message about the attack of fascist Germany to the Soviet Union. Photo: RIA Novosti

Of the 19,600 border guards who met the Nazis on June 22 in the direction of the main strike of the Army Group "Center", in the first days of the war more than 16,000 were killed.

17:00. Hitler's units manage to take the southwestern part of the Brest Fortress, the North-East remained under the control of the Soviet troops. Stubborn battles for the fortress will continue for another week.

"Church of Christ blesses all Orthodox to protect the sacred borders of our Motherland"

18:00. Patriarchal location, Metropolitan, Moscow and Kolomensky Sergius, drawn by a message to believers: "Favoring robbers attacked our homeland. Pouring any contracts and promises, they suddenly hit us, and here the blood of civilians is already irrigated by their native land ... Our Orthodox Church has always shared the fate of the people. Together with him, she was tried, and comforted his successes. She will not leave the people of their own and now ... Church of Christ blesses all Orthodox to defend the sacred borders of our Motherland. "

19:00. From the notes of the Chief of the General Staff of the Land Forces of the Wehrmacht General Colonel Franz Galder: "All army, except for the 11th army of the Army Group" South "in Romania, transferred to the offensive according to plan. The offensive of our troops, apparently, appeared for the enemy on the entire front with complete tactical suddenness. Border bridges through the Bug and other rivers are captured by our troops without a fight and in complete safety. On the complete surprise of our offensive for the enemy shows the fact that the parts were captured by surprise in a barrack location, the aircraft stood on the airfields coated with tarpaulo, and the advanced parts suddenly attacked by our troops were requested by the command that they would do ... the command of the Air Force reported, With this day, 850 opponent aircraft, including entire squadrons of bomber, which, rising to the air without covering fighters, were attacked by our fighters and destroyed. "

20:00. Directive No. 3 of the Defense People's Commissariat of Defense, prescribing the Soviet troops to proceed with the task of defeating Hitler's troops in the USSR with further advancement to the enemy's territory. The directive prescribed to outcome on June 24 to master the Polish city of Lublin.

Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. June 22, 1941 Nurses provide assistance to the first wounded after the air raid of the fascists under Chisinau. Photo: RIA Novosti

"We must provide Russia and the Russian people all the help, which we can only"

21:00. Summary of the Chief Command of the Red Army for June 22: "With a dawn on June 22, 1941, regular troops of the German army attacked our border parts at the front from the Baltic to the Black Sea and drove away by them during the first half of the day. In the afternoon, German troops met with the advanced parts of the field troops of the Red Army. After the fierce fighting, the opponent was removed with big losses. Only in the Grodno and Christopolian directions, the enemy managed to achieve minor tactical success and take the place of Calvaria, standing and Ceghanovets (the first two 15 km and the last 10 km from the border).

Aviation of the enemy attacked a number of our airfields and settlements, but everywhere I met a decisive rebuff of our fighters and anti-aircraft artillery, who caused the big losses to the enemy. We are shot down 65 opponent aircraft. "

23:00. Appeal of Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill To the British people in connection with the attack of Germany in the USSR: "At 4 o'clock, this morning, Hitler attacked Russia. All of its usual treachery formalities were observed with a scrupulous accuracy ... Suddenly, without the announcement of war, even without an ultimatum, the German bombs fell from the sky to Russian cities, the German troops broke the Russian borders, and the hour later the Ambassador of Germany, which was literally the on the eve of generously crushed his assurances In friendship and almost union, inflicted a visit to the Russian Foreign Minister and stated that Russia and Germany are in a state of war ...

No one has been a more resistant opponent of communism over the past 25 years than me. I will not take back not a single word about him. But all this pale in front of the spectacle, unfolding now.

Past, with his crimes, madness and tragedies, retreats. I see Russian soldiers as they stand on the border of their native land and protect the fields that their fathers plow from time immemorial. I see how they guard their homes; Their mother and wives pray, oh, yes, because at such a time everyone prayes to preserve their loved ones, about the return of the breadwinner, the patron, his defenders ...

We have to provide Russia and the Russian people all the help, which only we can. We must call all our friends and allies in all parts of the world to adhere to a similar course and conduct it as fast and steadily, as we will do it, to the very end. "

June 22 came to an end. Ahead were another 1417 days of the terrible war in the history of mankind.

In the memory of our people, this day will not be as ordinary summer day, but as the day of the very terrible and bloody war in the history of the country and in world history.
Real photos of June 1941.

The Defense Hero of the Brest Fortress Commander of the 44th Rifle Regiment of the 42nd Rifle Division Major Peter Mikhailovich Gavrilov (1900 - 1979).

P.M. Gavrilov from June 22 to July 23, 1941 led the defense of the Eastern Fort of the Brest Fortress. He managed to rally around himself all the surviving fighters and commanders of different parts and divisions, close the most vulnerable places for the breakthrough of the enemy. Until June 30, the Fort garrison rendered organized resistance, steadily reflecting the countless attacks of the enemy and not giving it to break into the fort. After applying the enemy, air bombs of high power and the destruction of them part of the buildings of Fort Germans managed to break into the fort and assign most of his defenders.

From the beginning of July, Major Gavrilov with the surviving fighters moved to tactics of sudden pickles and attacks on the enemy. On July 23, 1941, a serious injury was received from the explosion of a projectile in the caasemate and was captured in an unconscious state. The years of war spent in Hitler's concentration camps Hammelburg and Revenisburg, having experienced all the horrors of captivity. Released by Soviet troops in May 1945 in the Mauthausen concentration camp. It was a special test and was restored in military rank. But at the same time, it was excluded from the party due to the loss of partbilet and stay in captivity, which played a negative role in his future fate. Since the fall of 1945, the head of the Soviet camp for Japanese prisoners of war in Siberia on the construction of the Abakan Taishet railway. In June 1946, fired to the reserve.

In 1955, finally found his wife and son, with which he broke up under bombs in the first hour of war. In 1956, the book was published S.S. Smirnova "Brest Fortress" based on the actual material. This event has favorably affected the fate of Gavrilov. He was restored in the party and it was presented to the highest award of the country.

On January 30, 1957, for the exemplary fulfillment of military debt during the defense of the Brest Fortress in 1941 and the courage and heroism Gavrilov Peter Mikhailovich was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the "Golden Star" medal.

City of Molotovsk at the hour of the announcement of war. Place of shooting: Molotovsk. Shooting time: 06/22/1941. Posted by: B. Koshkin

View of the White Sea Avenue of Molotovsk (now Severodvinsk Arkhangelsk region) at an hour of declaration of war. A depreciation of people in front of the city house of the Soviets can be seen, where they recorded the first volunteers. The photo is made from the house number 17 of the Belomorsky Avenue.

Sunday morning on June 22, 1941, a Komsomolsk and youth cross took place in Molotovsk. At noon, V. Molotov was speaking at noon, in which he officially reported a treacherous attack of Germany. Speech was repeated several times. Some time later, the decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which announced the mobilization of the military-rich 1905-1918 births of the Arkhangelsk Military District and introduced a martial law in the Arkhangelsk region. By evening, a mobilization point was deployed in Molotovsk. In the first three days of his work, 318 volunteers arrived in addition to military-cancer.

The city was laid in just five years before the start of the war, but his contribution to the general victory was significant. Over 14 thousand Morotovsk gone to the front, over 3.5 thousand fell on the battlefields. The city was formed by the 296th Spare Ski Regiment, the 13th separate ski brigade, 169th Classic Rifle Brigade. In Molotovsk, the port of strategic appointment on receiving convoy with Land Liza acted. In the city, 741 thousand rubles were collected on the Arkhangelsk Kolkhoznika tank column, 150 thousand rubles for the Molotovsky Worker Avaskadril, 3350 thousand rubles for two monetary lotteries, the loan was implemented by 1740 thousand rubles for February 1942 Cash and 2,600 thousand bonds to the Defense Fund. By October 1, 1941, Molotovna received 9920 things to be sent to the front, a massive character had to send gifts to the Fighters of the Red Army. The city has three evacuity hospitals of the Karelian Front (No. 2522, 4870 and 4871). In the winter of 1942, a part of the team of the Leningrad Theater named after Leninsky Komsomol was arrived at the "road of life" to the city, over 300 people were accepted. Throughout the war, Molotovsky Plant No. 402 built large hunters for submarines of the project 122a, completed submarines of the type "M" and "C", repaired Soviet and foreign vessels, released 122 262 armor-piercing projectiles, 44,375 fugasal airbabs, 2027 sets of sea trawls .

Source: Severodvinsky urban museum.

Senior nurse of the surgical department of the Hospital of the Brest Fortress Praskovya Leontievna Tkachev with wives and children of the RKKE commanders surrounded by German soldiers. The shooting time: 25-26.06.1941.

Soviet floating T-38 tanks, broken in the Brest Fortress. Place of shooting: Brest, Belarus, USSR. Shooting time: June-July 1941

In the forefront, the 1937 release machine with a bronorcupus and the tower of production of the Ordzhonikidze Podolsky plant. In the second plan, another tank T-38. Tanks are located on the territory of the Citadel next to the White Palace. There was also a combat technique of the 75th separate intelligence battalion of the 6th rifle division of the 28th Rifle Corps of the 4th Army of the Western Front, which was on the shore of the Mukhaver River fork.

German firepoints in the Brest Fortress. Shooting time: 06/22/1941

After the failure of the sudden seizure of the Brest Fortress, the Germans had to be painful. The photo is done on the North or South Island.

The record of volunteers in the Red Army in the Oktyabrsky Railoint Committee of Moscow. The duty officer of the October Railoincomat P.N. Gromov reads the statement of volunteer M.M. Grigorieva.

Place of shooting: Moscow. Shooting time: 06/23/1941.

Soviet light Tank BT-7, destroyed on June 23, 1941 during the battle in the area of \u200b\u200bAlitus. Place of shooting: Lithuania, USSR. Shooting time: June-July 1941.

Machine from the 5th tank division of the 3rd mechanized building of the 11th army of the North-West Front. In the second plan, a baked German tank pz.kpfw. IV AUSF. E of the 7th Tank Division of the 39th Motorized Housing of the 3rd Tank Group General Gota.

Commander of the 185th Fighter Airport Senior Lieutenant Viktor Petrovich Mironov (1918-1943) at the fighter I-16.

V.P. Mironov in the Red Army since 1937. After graduation in 1939, Borisoglebsky Waoul was sent to the 145th IAP. Participant of the Soviet-Finnish war.

Member of the Great Patriotic War from the first days.
By September 1941, the commander of the 195th IAP, the senior lieutenant of Mironov made 127 combat departures, in 25 air battles personally hit 5 enemy aircraft. Bombing assault strikes caused a large damage to the alive strength and technique of the enemy.
June 6, 1942 awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
From November 1942 - as part of the 609th IAP, commander of the 2nd AE. Until February 1943, 356 combat departures made 10 enemy aircraft personally and 15 - in the group.

The fighters and commanders of the Red Army examine the captured German tank Flammpanzer II. Shooting time: July-August 1941. Author: George Petrusov

Fighters and commanders of the Red Army examine the captured flamethrower tank Flammpanzer II in the west direction. On the tumor shelf there is a flue grenade launchers. By June 22, 1941, the Flamempanzer II flamete tanks were equipped with the 100th and 101th Flameless Tank Battalions of the Wehrmacht.

Hero of the Soviet Union Senior Lieutenant Mikhail Petrovich Galkin (02/12/1917 - 21.07.1942).

Born on the hospital Kochka Chelyabinsk region, in the family of the worker. He graduated from Ravefak, worked as a mechanic. Since 1936 in the ranks of the Red Army. In 1937 he graduated from the Voroshilovgrad Military Aviation School of Pilotov. Member of the Soviet-Finnish War 1939 - 1940. Made 82 combat departures. In May 1940, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star.

Since 1941, Lieutenant M. P. Galkin in the existing army. Faced on the southern, southwestern and Volkhov fronts. By August 1941 he served as part of the 4th IAP, flew to I-153 and I-16. In early August 1941, he was seriously injured in the Crimean Isthmus in one of the air bonds. By August 1941, the Commander of the 4th Fighter Aviation Regiment (20th Mixed Aviation Division, 9th Army, South Front) Lieutenant M. P. Galkin committed 58 combat departures, spent 18 air battles, hit 5 opponent aircraft.

From February to July 1942, he fought in the 283rd JEP, where he flew to Yak-7. In January 1942, sent to Novosibirsk to instructors. March 27, 1942 for the courage and military valor, shown in battles with enemies, awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. From June 1942, he fought at the Volkhov Front to the composition of the 283rd JEP, where he flew to Yak-7. She won a few more victories.

July 21, 1942 he died in airship in the area of \u200b\u200bKirishi. He was buried in a brotherly grave in the village of Urban-type Bogoshchi Kirish district of the Leningrad Region.
Awarded orders: Lenin, Red Banner, Red Star. His name is named street and secondary school in the city of Plast of Chelyabinsk region. In the city of Plast on the Alley of the Heroes and the village of Urban-type BUST.

Soviet heavy tank KV-2 from the 6th Tank Regiment of the 3rd Tank Division of the 1st Mechanized Corps of the North-West Front, baked on July 5, 1941 in battle for the city of the island. Place of shooting: Pskov region. Shooting time: June-August 1941.

June 1941, Serial No. B-4754. In the preserved acts to write-off about the tank KV-2 №4754 said the following: "The tank was bent - the caterpillar is interrupted, which fell. The side of the transmission breaks and damaged controls and onboard frictions are damaged, the tank movement was impossible. Since the baked and burning tanks scored a pass part of the bridge, the departure was impossible in view of the tank control and filled the caterpillar, and the tank was not able to turn around. The battalion commander gave orders to leave the tank, and himself remained in the car to remove the tank. The further fate of Captain Rusanova is still not known, the rest of the crew returned to the part. The battlefield immediately was occupied by the enemy and the evacuation of the remaining car from the battlefield was impossible. "

Crew Tank: Commander Machine Captain Rusanov, mechanic-driver of the living glands, commander of the guns of Osipov, a radist of wolf, charging Hansevich.

Commander of the 1st squadron of the 6th Guards Fighter Airport Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet Mikhail Vasilyevich Avdeyev (09/15/1913 - 06/22/1979) next to its Yak-1 fighter. Shooting time: 1942. Author: Nikolay Asin

From June 1941, he took part in the battles of the Great Patriotic War. The war was carried out in the 8th fighter airlock, which in April 1942 was renamed the 6th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment. At first, I was deputy commander of the squadron, from January 1942 he became a commander of the squadron and from April 1943 to November 1944 commanded the regiment. By June 1942, Mikhail Avdeev made more three hundred combat departures, in 63 air battles shot down 9 enemy aircraft, as well as a significant damage of opponent's troops by assault blows.

Decree No. 858 of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 14, 1942 for the exemplary fulfillment of military assignments of the command at the front of the fight against the German-fascist invaders and the courage and heroism of the guard captain Avdeev Mikhail Vasilyevich was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and Medals " Golden Star".

Thined Soviet Crawler Tractor Stz-5-Nati in the forest. Behind the tractor stands an abandoned heavy tank KV-2 release of May - June 1941 from one of the tank divisions of the 7th mechanized building of the Western Front.

Place of shooting: Belarus, USSR
Shooting time: summer 1941.

Squadron commander of the 788th Fighter Aviation Regiment FFA Captain Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozlov (1917 - 2005).

In June-September 1941 N.A. Kozlov - Deputy Commander of Aviation Squadrils of the 162nd Fighter Aviation Regiment. He fought on Western (June 1941) and Bryansk (August-September 1941) fronts. Participated in defensive battles in Belarus and in the Bryansk direction. On September 24, 1941, the German bomber Yu-88 shot down the shifter of his fighter MiG-3. During Taran, it was seriously injured in the left foot, landed on a parachute. Until December 1941 was healing in the hospital in the city of Ulyanovsk.

In February-July 1942 - Deputy Commander of Aviation Squadrilles of the 439th Fighter Aviation Regiment Air Defense, in July-September 1942 - Commander of Aviation Squadrilles of the 788th Fighter Aviation Regiment Air Defense. He fought as part of the Stalingrad PVA (April-September 1942). Carried out the air cover of military facilities of the cities of Stalingrad (now Volgograd), participated in the Battle of Stalingrad. On May 25, 1942, a second taran was held in the city of Morozovsk (Rostov region) by knocking down the German bomber Yu-88. Made a forced landing on his MiG-3 fighter and was easily wounded. Several days spent in the hospital in Stalingrad.

In October 1942 - September 1943 - the commander of the Avia Suskadrili of the 910th Fighter Aviation Regiment of Air Defense. He fought as part of Voronezh-Borisoglebsky (October 1942 - June 1943) and Voronezh (June-July 1943) of air defense regions, Western FRONT air defense (July-September 1943). I carried out the air cover of the railway nodes in the Voronezh region, participated in the Kursk battle.

For courage and heroism, shown in battles with fascist invaders, a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 14, 1943, Captain Kozlov Nikolay Alexandrovich was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the "Golden Star" medal.

From August 1943 - Commander of the 907th Fighter Aviation Regiment Air Defense. He fought as part of the Western (August 1943 - April 1944) and Northern (April-October 1944) FRONTS air defense. He carried out the air cover of the front-line communications during the battle for the Dnieper, the liberation of the Robre Bank of Ukraine, Korsun-Shevchenkovskaya, Belarusian and Berlin operations.

In total, during the war, 520 combat flights were made on fighters I-16, MiG-3, Yak-1, Yak-7B and La-5, in 127 air battles hit personally 19 and as part of a group of 3 opponent aircraft.

Soviet tanks kV-2 and T-34, stuck during overcoming the Maidan's stream. Place of shooting: Lviv region, Ukraine. Shooting time: 06/25/1941. Author: Aloiz Beck (Alois Beck)

The heavy tank KV-2 and the average tank T-34 of the 1940 sample with a gun of L-11 from, presumably, the 16th Tank Regiment of the 8th Tank Division of the 4th Mechanized Hospital of the Red Army, and then baked on June 23, 1941 in Time to overcome the Creek Maidansky. Tanks led the fight in the village of Sla Old Maidan Radekhovsky district of the Lviv region of Ukraine.

German soldiers consider the Soviet tank KV-2, stuck in the Maidan's stream. Place of shooting: Lviv region, Ukraine. Shooting time: 23-29.06.1941

A heavy tank of KV-2 from, presumably, the 16th tank regiment of the 8th tank division of the 4th mechanized Hospital of the Red Army, stuck, and then hit on June 23, 1941 during the overcoming of the Maidan's stream. Tanks led the fight in the village of Sla Old Maidan Radekhovsky district of the Lviv region of Ukraine. It can be seen that the car was under the fire of anti-tank artillery.

Commander of the 2nd Guards Aviation Unit of the Air Force of the Northern Fleet Senior Lieutenant Vladimir Pavlovich Pokrovsky (1918 - 1998).

V.P. The Pokrovsky participant in the Great Patriotic War since June 1941, first in the composition of the 72th mixed, since October 1941 - as part of the 78th Fighter Aviation Services of the Northern Fleet, and then - again the 72th mixed (then the 2nd Guards mixed) Aviamol. On December 26, 1942, a German fighter was shot down when defending the Union Conv, but he himself was shot down. He was thrown on the parachute and was saved from the waters of the Kola bay by the Allies sailors. To May 1943 V.P. Pokrovsky made 350 combat departures, spent 60 air bonds, personally hit 13 aircraft and in the group - 6 enemy aircraft.

For the exemplary execution of the tasks of the command at the front of the fight against the German invaders and the bravery and heroism, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 24, 1943, the guard of the Captain Pokrovsky Vladimir Pavlovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Golden Star Medal.

From the summer of 1943 - the commander of the educational squadron at the courses of the commanders of the Union of the Navy Air Force.

German soldier poses on the T-34 tank shot on the road in Dubno district

Tank T-34 Tank with gun L-11 of October 1940. Factory number 682-35. The tank belonged to the 12th tank division of the 8th mechanized corps of the 26th Army of the South-Western Front. It fell in the Dubno area, perhaps south-east entrance to Dubno. According to the right side of the right board, the tank fell by the soldiers of the 111st infantry division and the shelf "Herman Gering". Presumably, the tank was bent on June 29, 1941.

Soviet Middle Tank T-34 with a gun L-11 of October 1940, hit by the road in the South-Eastern entrance to Dubno. Factory number tank - 682-35. The car belonged to the 12th tank division of the 8th mechanized corps of the 26th Army of the South-Western Front. According to the autograph on the right side, the tank fell by the Soldiers of the 111st Infantry Division and the German Gering Regiment. Perhaps the tank was bent on June 29, 1941. In the second plan, on the right in the picture, the baked T-26 tank is visible. With this angle, another tank T-26 is visible. The same car in another perspective with the dead tanker.

The Soviet Tank T-34 and the deceased Soviet tankman next to him. Tank T-34 Tank with gun L-11 of October 1940. Factory number 682-35. The tank belonged to the 12th tank division of the 8th mechanized corps of the 26th Army of the South-Western Front. It fell in the Dubno area, perhaps south-east entrance to Dubno. According to the autograph on the right side, hesitated by the Soldiers of the 111st Infantry Division and the German Gering Regiment. Perhaps the tank was bent on June 29, 1941. In the middle of the road lies the hatch mechanic-driver.

Hero of the Soviet Union The pilot of the 3rd squadron of the 158th Fighter Aviation Avian FFA Jr. Lieutenant Mikhail Petrovich Zhukov (1917-1943) posing photographer at his fighter I-16.

MP From October 1940, the head of the shelf from October 1940, the first military departure made on June 22, 1941 on June 29, 1941. In its third battle, the Bombarder of Junkers Yu-88 destroyed the shot.

He fought in the sky of Leningrad, accompanied transport aircraft, covered the ports in Lake Ladoga, Volkhovskaya HPP. Was injured. At the end of 1941, mastered the P-40E fighter.

January 12, 1943 M.P. Zhukov (by that time, the senior lieutenant, the commander of the 158th IAP) died in an air combat in the village of Moscow Dubrovka. A total of 286 combat departures made 66 air fighting, hit 9 enemy aircraft personally and 5 in the group.

Leningraders on the Avenue of October 25 (currently Nevsky Prospect) at the Skipped Showcase of the Eliseevsky Store (the official name "Gastronome No. 1" Central "). Author: Anatoly Garanin.

On the boards are housed "TASS windows", first appeared in Leningrad in the windows of the Gastronoma on June 24, 1941.

Hero of the Soviet Union Captain Aleksey Nikolaevich Katrich (1917 - 2004).

A.N. Katrich in 1938 graduated from the Chuguev Military Aviation School of Pilots. He served in the Air Force by the pilot of a fighter airlock (in the Moscow Military District). Member of the Great Patriotic War: In June 1941 - June 1942 - pilot, Deputy Commander and Commander Aviation Squadrilles of the 27th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Moscow Air Floor Zone). He participated in the defense of Moscow, the protection of the city and the rear communications of the Western Front from the raids of enemy bombers. On August 11, 1941, the aircraft reconnaissance of the opponent Dornier DO-215 was shot down in Air Bar, after which it was safely landed on his airfield.

For courage and heroism, shown in battles, decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 28, 1941, Lieutenant Katrich Alexei Nikolayevich was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the "Golden Star" medal.

In June 1942 - October 1943, Katrich is the commander of the Avia Suskadrili of the 12th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment of Air Defense. He fought as part of the Moscow and Western FRONTs of air defense. He participated in the protection of Moscow and the rear communications of the Western Front from the raids of enemy bombers. In total, during the war, 258 combat departures on the fighters MiG-3, Yak-1 and Yak-9, were shot down in 27 air battles personally 5 and as part of a group of 9 enemy aircraft (M.Yu. Bykov in their research indicates 5 personal and 7 group victories). In November 1943 - January 1946 - the navigator of the 12th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment of Air Defense, until 1944 carried combat duty in the Moscow Air Defense system.
Captain Lieutenant Gurin commanded the squadrid destroyer "Rading" in marine campaigns on the wiring and security of coneds, raid operations for ports and communications of the enemy. Under his command, the destroyer completed 21 combat moves in 1941 and more than 30 in 1942. The crew of the destroyer fulfilled 6 artillery shooting on the enemy's troops on the coast, 4 productions of mine barriers, participated in the wiring 26 convoys, Skilled German submarine "U-585" (March 30, 1942, District O. Kildin), together with a group of Soviet and British ships I beat off the attack of the group of German destroyers on the convoy guarded by them (in this battle one destroyer the enemy was sweeping), hit 6 German aircraft.

In October 1942, A.I. Gurin was appointed commander of the 2nd division of the brigade of the destroyer destroyers of the Northern Fleet. From September 1944 to October 1945, he commanded the 1st division of the destroyers of the Squadron of the Northern Fleet. During the Petsamo-Kirkines, the operation personally headed the division when performing combat missions on artillery support for the two marine assaults and when the forces of the Karelian Front along the coast of the Barents Sea. Captain 1st rank (09/12/1944).

Division of the destroyers under the command of the captain of the 1st Rank Gurina A.I. The allied convoys escorted, carried out tasks to support the positions of our troops, fired the bases and led the search for ships and king the enemy. To May 1945 A.I. Gurin produced over 100 different combat exits in the sea, passed 79 370 nautical miles.

The title of the Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Medal "Golden Star" by the captain of the 1st rank of Gurine Anton Iosifovich was assigned by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 8, 1945.

A group of the Red Army teams who died on June 29-30, 1941 during the battle with the units of the German 29th Infantry Division at the village of Ozernitsa, the north of the Selva - Slonim's route. Place of shooting: Slonimsky district, Belarus, USSR. Shooting time: 29-30.06.1941.

In the second plan, a padded T-34 tank was visible from the composition of the 6th mechanized hull. In this battle, the headquarters of the 6th mechanized corps appeared in the ambush.

Sergeant Gabriel Ivanovich Zagozny (1901 born, right) at the Maxim machine gun. Shooting time: 1941.

Gabriel Ivanovich Zanoznyova was called in the Red Army on June 26, 1941. Fought in the West and Southwestern fronts. September 23, 1941 was contused and captured. Released in February 1944 and enrolled in the 230th reserve regiment, since July 1944 - the commander of calculating the Maxim machine gun of the 12th shock-storm rifle battalion of the 1st shock-storm rifle regiment of the 53rd army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front . Then served as part of the 310th Guards Rifle Shelf.

Sannaster of the 369th Separate Marine Battalion Chief Starmin E.I. Mikhailova in the area of \u200b\u200bKerch

Sanningor of the 369th Separate Marine Battalion of the Danube Military Flotilla Chief Starmin Ekaterina Illarionna Mikhailova (Dömin) (r. 1925).

In the Red Army from June 1941 (he added two years to his 15 years). In the battles under Gzhatsky, he received a difficult wound in the leg. He was treated in hospitals in the Urals and Baku. After recovery from January 1942 he served in the Military Sanitary Board "Red Moskva", sent by the wounded from Stalingrad to Krasnovodsk. There she was awarded the title of the main elder, for the exemplary service a sign "Excellent of the Navy" was awarded. Among the volunteers was enrolled by a sanitary instructor in the 369th semic infantry battalion. The battalion was part of the Azov, and then the Danube military fleets. With this battalion, who later received the honorary name "Kerchensky Krasnoznaya", Mikhailov with battles held around the waters and shores of the Caucasus and the Crimea, Azov and Black Seas, Dniester and Danube, with a liberation mission - on the ground of Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and Austria. Together with the fighters of the battalion entered into battle, the enemy filmed a counterattack, endured the wounded in the battlefield, provided them with first aid. Three times was injured.

On August 22, 1944, when forceing Dniester Liman, as part of the landing, the main sentence of E.I. Mikhailov One of the first reached the shore, provided the first assistance to the seventeen heavily wounded sailors, suppressed the fire of a large-caliber machine gun, threw the Dzot grenades and destroyed over ten nazis. December 4, 1944 E.I. Mikhailov in the landing operation to seize the port of Prakhovo and the Fortress of Ilok (Yugoslavia), being wounded, continued to provide medical care to fighters and, saving their lives, 5 enemy soldiers destroyed from the machine. After recovery, returned to the system. As part of the 369th Marine Battalion, she fought for the Imperial Bridge in the Austrian capital Vienna. Here she celebrated victory on May 9, 1945.

E.I. Mikhailova is the only woman who served in the intelligence of marines. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, two orders of the Red Banner, the orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees, medals, including the courage medal and Florence Plantneyale medal.

By the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the main sentence of E.I. Mikhailova appeared in August and December 1944, but the award did not take place.
Decree of the President of the USSR dated May 5, 1990, Demyina (Mikhailovoy) Catherine Illarionna was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the "Golden Star" medal (No. 11608).