The most vivid examples of smelting from Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War & NBSP. Men in women's clothing - showed how the soldiers were entertained during World War II, how the soldiers were entertained during World War

Camp of Catherine soldiers. Illustration of Alexander Benua for the publication of "Pictures in Russian History". 1912 Wikimedia Commons

The recruit of the XVIII century after a long road fell into his regiment, which became for young soldiers with his native home - after all, the service in the XVIII century was lifelong. Only since 1793 its term was limited to 25 years. Novobiga took the oath, forever separated him from his former life; He received a hat from the treasury, caftan, raincoat, Camisole with pants, tie, boots, shoes, stockings, booty of shirts and ports.

"Instruction of the Shelf Ring Shelf" 1766 prescribed to teach ordinary "to clean and shave pants, gloves, a digestive and spoil, tie a hat, put a cake and shoe on her boots, put spurs on them, instill braid, put on the uniform, and then stand in the required A soldier's figure, to walk simply and marching ... And when he gets used to, start teaching rifles, equestrian and walking Excitions. " It took a lot of time to teach the Men's son to keep himself to keep himself, "so that the peasant gender habit, evasion, a mustache, whisening, at a conversation, was completely exterminated." The soldiers were to shave, but they were allowed to let go of a mustache; The hair was worn long, to the shoulders, and in the front day they were powdered with flour. In the 1930s, soldiers were ordered to wear bouons and braids.

It was required a lot of time, "so that the peasant gender habit, evasion, a mustache, whisening, when conversation, was completely exterminated."

Coming in the company or squadron, yesterday's men's communities were included in the organization's usual form - the soldier's artel ("So that there was no less than eight people in Cashe"). In the absence of a developed system of supply (and familiar stores and shops), Russian soldiers adapted to ensure themselves with everything necessary. The old-workers were taught newcomers, experienced and skillful purchased an additional provisionant on the artist money, they themselves cleaned the ammunition and sewed uniforms and shirts of the treated cloth and the canvas, rambling to the post hired on earnings. Money from a salaries, earnings and premiums were deducted by the artist, at the head of which the soldiers elected a power and authoritative "consumption", or a rotary headman.

Such a military life device made the Russian army of the XVIII century socially and nationally homogeneous. The sense of communication in battle provided mutual revenue, supported the combat spirit of the soldier. From the very first days, the recruit was inspired that now "he is no longer a peasant, and the soldier who named and its own from all his former titles is prefeeds, differs from them indisputably honor and glorus." Since he, "without sparing his life, provides His fellow citizens defends the Fatherland ... and the appreciation and mercy of the sovereign, gratitude to fellow countrymen and the prayer of the chinners deserves. Recruitors told the history of their regiment with the mention of battles, where this regiment participated, and the names of the heroes and commander. In the army yesterday, the "dim man" stopped being serfs if they were before. The peasant guy became a "sovereign servant" and in the era of constant wars could be sent to Untera and even - if lucky - before the Ober officer. Peter I opened the "Table of Rangs" by Peter I opened the way to get the noble title - thus "entered into people" about a quarter of the infantry officers of the Petrovsky army. For an exemplary service envisaged an increase in the salary, awarding the medal, production in Caprals, sergeants. "The faithful and true servants of the Fatherland" translated from the army to the guard, received medals for battles; For the differences in the service of soldiers, "on the ruble" with a charm of wine pledged.

The long-range edge of the servant who had wondered in the campaigns was broken out of her old life. The folk unrest, consisting of former fortress shelves, were suppressed, and in the XVIII and in the XIX centuries, the soldiers did not feel his peasant. Yes, and in everyday practice, the soldiers got used to live at the expense of the townships. Throughout the XVIII century, the Russian army had no barracks. In peacetime, she was located on a trip to the houses of rural and city inhabitants, who were supposed to provide military premises, bed and firewood. Exemption from this service was a rare privilege.

In the daily practice of soldiers got used to live at the expense of the townships

Fuzilers of infantry regiments 1700-1720 From the book "Historical Description of Clothing and Armament of Russian Troops", 1842

In short days of rest from battles and campaigns, soldiers walked might and main. In 1708, during the gravity of the Northern War, brave dragoons "became permanently in the towns. Wine and beer collected to the sum. And some rank of the shirty drank nememo. Durable such beer, and Torji beat Bumpy sovereign name. And the crumphood was still. Imali for darling dwarfs of shvadron shutters. There were children those mladov and aisle from the bladovin girls yes babam none "Hatas" - served in the Dragoon squadron ("Shkwoodon") noblemen (gentry). These young nobles and did not give the passage to women.. Colonel OUR AND CAVALE DESHEDY Mikhail Fadddeich Chulisov is to suffer from all those who bang, ordered and beat to baute.<…> And those dra-guna daredes, koi from the battles of small extruders, were those who rested and from Kalmyka and the Kummy died with Tatar, dodged with vodka, and then with a neighbor's regiment on the fists fought. De we, Cali, beat and the stomits were deprived, and de you walked and fresh Sveva - Swedes. Fished. And in the far shvadron, Matenno were walking and hit, and the colonels did not know what to do. The sovereign behavior of the most maliciously inhabited and rejuvenated and in Batogi beat on the goats before all FRUNT. And our two from G. Shkwardon also got a dragoon akinfia paint and Ivan Sofiykin. The tops were behind the neck. And in the paint, so from the removal of the tongue fell, then even to the middle of the breasts got, and many were divided and looked around. " "Notes service (diary) Simeon Kurosh, Captain Schwadron Dragunsky, Roslavsky"..

And in peacetime, the time of the troops in any place was perceived by the orders as a real disaster. "He will spread with his wife, ears his daughter ... Eats his chickens, his cattle, takes money from him and beats inener.<…> Every month, the peasants must collect the peasants before leaving the vacation places, interview them about complaints and select subscriptions.<…> If the peasants are unhappy, they will be shed wine, they attack them, and they sign. If, despite all this, they refuse to sign, then they are threatened, and they cum out what they are signed and signed, "the Soldier's behavior was described in the Catherine Time, General Langeron.

The soldier is spreading with his wife, ears his daughter, eats his chickens, his cattle, takes money from him and beats inextane

The officers had the possibility of more refined leisure - especially abroad. "... All other officers of our regiment, not only young, but the elderly, engaged in completely different things and concerns. All of them almost generally a diligent desire to be in Koenigsberg made a completely from another source than mine. They were pretty enough that Koenigsberg is such a city, which is filled with all the fact that the passions of young and in luxury and crucifying the life of their escaped to satisfy and saturate, namely, namely: what was in Ohom, a plurality of restaurants and billiards and other entertainment places; That all anything in it can be taken away, and everything is more like that the female floor in Oyom is too ugrastic and that is in he is an excellent many young women exercising in dishonest needlework and selling honor and chastity for money.
<…> I did not have time and two weeks can still go, like, to my excellent surprise, I heard that I didn't have a single tavern, not a single wine cellar, not a single billiard and a single indecent house, which would be unknown to our officers to our officers, But not only all of them on them on the line, but very many have already brought partly with their mistresses with their own, partly with other local residents a close acquaintance, and some have already cleared to themselves and on their maintenance, and everyone has already been drowned in all luxuries and breakouts. "I remembered the former lieutenant of the infantry archangelgorodsky regiment Andrei Bolotov to stay in the Koenigsberg conquered by Russian troops in 1758.

If the men were allowed in relation to men, then in the "Frunte" from soldiers demanded disciplines. The soldier verses of that era truthfully describe the daily Mashter:

Go to the guard - so grief,
And come home - and twice
In Karaul, we are torment,
And how to change - study! ..
In Karaul, pick up suspenders,
We are waiting for stretching.
Stand straight and pulling
Behind the chips do not chase
Packs and Pinkies
Take the painlinka.

Violators on the "Articula of the Military" were punished, which depended on the degree of misconduct and were determined by the Military Court. For the "sorcerence" there was a burning, for the crust of the icons - the cut off of the head. The most common punishment in the army was "Spiderutyrant", when the offender was carried out with the hands of soldiers tied to the guns between the two ranks, who applied to his back to thick rods. The wrong misconduct was for the first time drove through the entire regiment 6 times, she was reused - 12 times. Strictly asked for the poor content of the weapons, for the deliberate damage it or for "leaving a gun in the field"; For the sale or loss of its uniforms punished sellers and buyers. For a three-time repetition of this, the offense of the perpetrators sentenced to shooting. Conventional crimes were for serving theft, drunkenness and fights. The punishment followed "inattention in the ranks", for "late in operation". Late for the first time "taken will be for the guard or two hours three fuse Fusee - a smooth-bore silica gun. on the shoulder". Arrested for the second time, it was arrested for two days or "six Muskets on the shoulder." Who was late for the third time, he was waiting for the punishment by Spyzruten. For the conversation in the ranks, "deprivation of salary" was assumed. For the negligence carrying of a guard service in peacetime, a soldier was waiting for "serious punishment", and in wartime - the death penalty.

For the "sorcerence" was burned, for the crimping icons - the cutlets of the head

Especially strictly punished for escape. Even in 1705, a decree was released, according to which one of the three captured fugitives of one loan was executed, and the other two referred to the eternal catguard. The execution took place in that shelf, from where the soldier ran. The flight from the army took a wide range, and the government had to publish special appeals to deserters with a promise of forgiveness voluntarily returned. In the 1730s, the position of the soldiers worsened, which led to the increase in the number of fluent, especially among recruits. Increased penalties. Fugitives expected either penalty, or cautious. One of the decrees of the Senate of 1730 says: "Which recruits will go on to run abroad and will be caught, then from the first breeders for fear to execute death, hang; And other people who are not the breeders themselves, repair political death and refer to Siberia to statements. "

An ordinary stood in the soldier's life was to get a salary. It was different and depended on the kind of troops. The less than everyone was paid by the soldiers of the internal garrisons - their salary in the 60s of the XVIII century was 7 rubles. 63 kopecks. in year; And the cavalrymen received most of all - 21 rubles. 88 cop. If we consider that, for example, the horse cost 12 rubles, it was not so little, but the soldiers did not see this money. Something went for debts or in the hands of the rotary marks, something - in the artist. It was also happening that the colonel was assigned to himself and these soldier's pennies, forcing to go to theft and the rest of the officers of the regiment, because they all had to sign expenditure articles.

The remnants of the salary soldiers drove in the Kabaska, where he could "scold all Materno and call himself to the king" or argue: who exactly "shuddered" the sovereign Anna Ioannovna is exactly "shuddering" - with the Duke of Biron or with General Minhich? Supports, as it should, immediately came, and the chatter had to be met by usual in such affairs "immeasurable drunkenness." At best, the case ended the "Schizruten chasing" in the native shelf, in the worst - whip and reference to distant garrisons.

The soldier could argue with whom exactly "shuddy lives" the sovereign Anna Ioannovna - with the Duke of Biron or with General Minhich?

Looking on a garrison service, the young soldier Semen Efremov shared somehow with a colleague: "We pray to God, so that the Turk has risen, then we are out of here." He avoided the punishment only due to the explanation of his desire to the beginning of the war because "while young can survive". Already thinning powder old servisks thought not only about the exploits - among the "substand-venical evidence" in the cases of the secret office were preserved by their conspiracies: "Protect, Lord, to rati and on battle and in every place from the Tatars and from the Rytny faithful and Invalid languages \u200b\u200band from military all weapons ... And I, the slave of my Mikhail, Satvory Sylory. Another melancholy and Mushtra brought like ordinary seeds of Popov, to a terrible blasphemy: the soldier wrote his blood "a walled letter", in which "the devil call himself and his richness was demanding ... so that at all the richness from serving the military service."

And yet the war gave a chance to lucky. A well-known psychology of Suvorov's soldier in his instruction "Science to win" mentioned not only about the speed, onslaught and a bayonet attack, but also about the "holy mining" - and told how in taking a cruel storming under his command of Izmail soldiers "divided gold and silver handfuls " True, so lucky not everyone. Other "Who remained alive - the honor and glory!" - promised the same "science to win."

However, the biggest losses of the army did not carry from the enemy, but from diseases and the absence of doctors and medicines. "Walking during the end of the Sun on the camps, I saw some regimental soldiers who were digging pits for the dead of their meetings, others already buried, and the third completely buried. In the army, very many sick diarrhea and rotten fevers; When the officers leave in the kingdom of the dead, for the koi during their illness, it is better supervised, and for the money they use doctors with their own medicines, then how not to die with soldiers left in the disease for the arbitrariness of fate and for koie for blood or displeased, or Almost in other shelves are not available. Diseases are born from the fact that the army stands in a kara, a four-roller, that a member-nyaeble feces, although a little wind fits, spreads the air a very bad smell that the water is Limanskaya, being used to dawn, quite unhealthy, and vinegar does not share soldiers that The shores are visible the corpses of the dead, the battles in Liman in the three former ones on it "- so described the siege of the Turkish fortress of Ochakov in 1788, the Army official Roman Cebrikov.

Most of the ordinary soldiers' fate: endless marches on the steppe or the mountains in the heat or dirt, bivak and overnight stay in the open sky, long nights on the "winter-apartments" in the peasant rims.

Vladimir Nadezhdin The further the events of the Great Patriotic War go to the history of the Great Patriotic War, the more there are different inaccuracies on them, questionals, and then falsehood, and lies.
Veterans note that in many literary works, television and movies are often distorted, especially when it comes to the details of military life. What was he, how did the soldiers survive in the frost and heat on the front line, between the battles? For these and other questions, the editors asked to answer the veteran of the Great Patriotic War, who passed it from beginning to end, Mikhail Fedorovich Varnotnaya. After the victory, the former senior sergeant of the Red Army and the Lieutenant of the Army worked in the republic in leadership positions was the chairman of the Mogilev Regional Executive Committee and the Deputy Chairman of the State University of the BSSR.

Mikhail Fedorovich, can we talk about any orderliness in the soldier's house during the Great Patriotic War?
- Soldier's life can be divided into several categories associated with where the one or another was located. The biggest burned to people on the forefront - there was no usual wash, shaving, breakfast, lunch or dinner. There is a rash stamp: they say, war war, and lunch on schedule. In fact, such a routine did not exist, and even more so there was no menu.
In this regard, I will give one episode. Before the war, I was a cadet of the first Kiev artillery school, and when the fighting began, we began to nominate us to the front edge of the defense of the Ukrainian capital. We stopped at the halt in the location of some kind of military unit. There was a field kitchen, where something was boiled. Lieutenant approached the new outfit with the creakybuty, asked the cook: "Ivan, what will happen today?" He replied: "Borsch with meat and porridge with meat." Officer Skippel: "What? I have people on earthworks, and you will feed them with a borsch with meat! Look at me - so that there was meat with a borsch! "
But it was only in rare days of war. I must say that then it was decided to not give the enemy to seize the collective farm cattle. He was trying to withdraw, and where it was possible, passed by military units.
A very different way was the situation near Moscow in the winter of 1941-1942, when there were forty-faded frosts. I didn't even even go about some dinner speech. We were coming, they retreated, regrouping forces, and as such a positional war was not, and therefore, it was impossible to even somehow equip life. Usually once a day, the foreman brought thermos with Balanda, which was called simply "food." If this happened in the evening, it was dinner, and in the afternoon, which happened extremely rarely, dinner. Cooked what had enough products, somewhere nearby, so that the enemy could not see the kitchen smoke. And measured each soldier for the scoop in the bowler. Buckka bread cut the two-handed saw, because in the cold he turned into ice. The fighters hid their "soldering" under the sinel, to at least heat a little.
Each soldier at that time was behind the boot with a spoon, as we called it, "Shant tool" - aluminum stamping. But I must say that she served as not only a table appliance, but also a kind of "business card". An explanation of this is: there was a belief that if you wear a Piston in the pussy piston, a soldier's medallion: a small black plastic penalty, in which a note should be labeled with data (surname, name, patronymic, year of birth, from where it is called), - you will definitely kill you . Therefore, most fighters simply did not fill out this sheet, and some even threw the medallion himself. But all its data was scratched on a spoon. And therefore, even now, when search engines find the remains of the soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War, their names are installed in spoons.
During the offensive, a dry bucks - crackers or galley, canned food, but they really appeared in the diet, when the Americans announced the entry into the war and began to provide assistance to the Soviet Union. The dream of any soldier, by the way, were fragrant swake sausages in banks.
- Did it really issued "front hundred grams"?
- Alcohol was given only on the front line. How did it happen? A foreman came with a bidon, and there was some kind of turbid liquid of light coffee-colored. A bowler poured to the department, and then everyone was measured with a cap from a 76 mm projectile: he was unscrewed before the shot, freeing the fuse. It was 100 or 50 grams and what fortress, no one knew. I drank, "climbing" the sleeve, that's the whole "booze." In addition, from the front of the front, this alcohol-containing liquid reached the forefront through many, as they say, intermediaries, therefore, its volume, and "degrees" decreased.
- Often in films show that the military unit is located in a village, where living conditions are more or less human: you can wash, even go to the bath, sleep on the bed ...
- This could only be in relation to the headquarters, located at some distance from the front line. And on the most advanced condition were completely different - the most severe.
- And how were the warriors are dressed?
- We were lucky in this sense. The brigade in which I served, was formed in Siberia, and God forbid all such equipment that we had. We had felt boots, ordinary and bikers, thin and warm underwear, cotton sharovars, and more cotton pants, gymnasters, quilted tank, chinel, handmake, winter hat and mittens from dog fur. And when we arrived at Moscow, they saw other parts: the soldiers were badly dressed, many, especially wounded, frozen.
- But how long could it be withstanding in the cold even in such as the fighters of your part, clothes? Where did you sleep?
- A person can even move the most extreme conditions. They slept most often in the forest: you will disturb the fir branches, you will make a bed of them, too, you also touch these paws and lay on the night. Of course, frostbite happened: I still makes itself felt fruitous finger: they had to guide the gun.
- But what about the notorious "strawberries in three tights", "beats the fire in the closestry"?
- For the whole war, I only truncated straws three times. The first is during the re-formation of a brigade in the rear near Moscow. The second - after the hospital, when we, recovering, again taught the military case under the city of Pugachev Kuibyshev region. And the third one - when I had the opportunity to serve as partisans of the army of the people, formed from the local population and fled from the German captivity of the fighters of the Red Army. All Polish officers served in the First Polish Division, formed in the USSR and took part in the battles under the place of Lenino in the Gorcetic district of the Mogilev region. After appropriate preparation of 11 officers of the Polish troops and I (Radist) were discarded on parachutes into the deep rear of the Germans to strengthen the teams of partisan detachments operating in the Lodz region, Czestochowa, Radomsko, Petrikov. Then, indeed, especially in winter, the dugouts were rummaged, was made from the barrels of the stove, instead of the beds in the ground, the lands were digged, who stuck with a noodle. But such dugouts were a very unsafe place: if a shell fell, everyone died there was there. When they were fighting under Stalingrad, then the ravine-beams were used as defensive structures, in which the caves were digging, where they spent the night.
- But, probably, parts and units were not always on the front line, they were changed on fresh troops?
- There was no such army, there was no such thing in the rear only in the case when almost nothing remained, except for her number, banner and handful of fighters. Then the connections and parts were directed to re-form. And in the Germans, Americans and the British the principle of shifts was applied. Moreover, soldiers gave holidays to travel home. We have from the whole 5 millionth army, and today I can say this very seriously, just for special merit a few received holidays.
"There are famous words songs from the movie" Shield and Sword ":" Which month did not shoot the gymnaster, which a month did not unbuild the belts. " Is it really so really?
- Under Moscow, we went to the offensive on December 5, 1941, and only on April 30, 1942, our brigade was bred for re-formation, because almost nothing left. All this time we were on the front line and about any bath, no matter how changing the speech could not go. There was no place to do this and once. I can only give one example when I had to "wash", - forced. It was when the homeland of P.I. Tchaikovsky is the city of Klin. I saw on the ice river river to the village of Hayen. And since we were on horseback guns, I thought: you need to take and feed the horse. And although frost reached 40 degrees, I, having passed only a few meters on ice, fell into the water. It is good that we had 3-meter shompol-banners for cleaning cannon stems. Comrades extended me to such a pole and pulled out from the river. The water immediately frozen on me, and it is clear that it was necessary to stand somewhere. Save me the house of the great composer, which burned. I've committed to him, undressed, and began to warm clothes and dry clothes. Everything ended safely, only broke, dried, mittens from dog fur. Only I managed to dress and run out of the house, as his roof collapsed.
- But if it did not work out the elementary rules of hygiene, then, probably, the danger of infectious diseases arose ...
- there was a problem of assuming, especially in the warm season. But in the troops, sanitary services worked quite effectively. There were special "bridal" - cars with closed bodies-van. There was loaded outfit and processed hot air. But it was done in the rear. And on the front, we burned the bonfire so as not to break the masking rules, filmed underwear and brought it closer to fire. The lice only crackled, burning! I want to note that even in such harsh conditions, the unusual of life in the troops was not a rapid typhus, which usually tolerate the lice.
- And when the troops began to wear in a wicker, for the supply of which in the USSR, as stated, in Mongolia they were allowed under the knife almost all sheep?
- They tell a lot about them, but in fact such uniforms received very few. In the newspaper "Folk Volya" in nine rooms published notes of some Ilya Kopyl, in which the alleged "truth" about the war is described. He writes: What kind of partisan movement could we talk about in Belarus? They say, these were the Moscow organizations of the NKVD, which were discharged from aircraft in chic white shuthes. They organized sabotage against the Nazis, hid after that in the forests, and they suffered from such "provocations" the local civilians, with whom the angry Germans were painted - up to burning the villages.
Moreover, this author, by the way, who served all his life in the Soviet Army, is true, already in peacetime, it insists that there was no Great Patriotic War in Belarus that Germany in collusion with the Soviet Union attacked Belarus. And the struggle on its territory went between the "Moscow partisans" and policemen. This is absurd, because the BSSR was an integral part of the USSR! It turns out, our republic itself attacked himself?!
It turns out that this person, being in the ranks of the USSR Armed Forces, and then Russia, he wore a stone for the soul and decided to pseudo-oxide, only when he received a high retirement from the state: she was twice as much as I had a veteran of war, and in Further Chairman of the Mogilev Regional Executive Committee and the Deputy Chairman of the State Dummy of the BSSR.
Personal memories of the war of this with permission to say the author are reduced to the fact that it, then the boy, "good" invaders treated chocolate.
War veterans protested against this publication, putting a picket at the building of the "People's Will", and demanded a response from the heads of the newspaper, but the chief editor of the newspaper I.Sercedich explained this freedom of speech and press. A shame!
It should be understood that the youngest veterans, which, during the Great Patriotic War, called for the front, - 1927 of birth, and they are already 83 years old. It will take a maximum of 10 years, and the immediate participants of the war will not remain. Who will protect the truth about the struggle of our people with the Hitler's expansion? Therefore, I believe that the Republic needs a law in the republic, which would protect the memory of the war from the encroachment of various kinds of falsifiers. After all, the incitement of the national retail is punished! Why remain unpunished sabotage against the foundations of our people themselves - his history?! Why are the ideological vertical silent, the Ministry of Defense?
And if you return to those, just say, inhuman conditions in which we had to fight, then only our people could withstand all these tests, no French, Englishmans or Americans could transfer such tights and make a decisive contribution to the defeat of the brown plague.

The network has previously prohibited photos of British soldiers of the Second World War. Military personnel in skirts, dresses and stockings during the pantomime productions managed to fix the English photographer John Tophemu.

Topham's photos did during work in the exploration of the Air Force. The British Ministry of Information has banned them. The government was afraid that such images could destroy the image of a brutal British soldier, writes Daily Mail.

The pantomime was popular in the army way to remove stress and entertain. And for prisoners of war in Nazi camps - to support the morale.

Pantomime performances had a huge success. The actors rehearsed 6 hours a day for several months to learn their roles. Act in the pantomime was responsible.

In photographs, soldiers make each other makeup, run on the stairs in the lungs of women's dresses and having fun on stage. Photographer managed to capture the moment when the speech troupe interrupted the alarm and soldiers in dresses, stockings and military helmets rushed to the weapon to protect their positions.

The theme of the history of the Great Patriotic War is multifaceted. For many years, the war was described from the point of view of political leadership, the state of the fronts in the ratio with the "live strength" and technology. The role of a separate person in war was covered as part of a giant mechanism. It was especially emphasized on the ability of the Soviet warrior to fulfill the order of the commander at all costs, readiness to die for their homeland. The existing image of the war was questioned during the times of Khrushchev "thaw". It was then that the memories of the participants of the war, the notes of military correspondents, front-line letters, diaries were published, the sources that are less susceptible to exposure. "Hard topics" rose in them, "white spots" were revealed. The subject of a person in war was prompted to the fore. Since this topic is extensive and diverse, disclose it within the same article is not possible.

Based on front letters, memories, diary records, as well as unpublished sources, the authors will still try to illuminate some problems of the front life of the period of the Patriotic War of 1941-1945. As soldiers lived at the front, in what conditions fought, as he was dressed, that he eaten, what he was engaged in short respite between the battles - all these questions are important, it was precisely the decision of these household problems a lot of victory over the enemy. At the initial stage of the war, the soldiers wore a gymnaster with a disconnected collar, with special lining in the area of \u200b\u200bthe elbow. Usually these linings were made from tarpaulin. The gymnaster was rushed with a pants having the same tarp lining in the knee area. On the legs - boots and windings. They were the main grief of soldiers, especially infantry, as it was this kind of troops in them. They were uncomfortable, fragile and heavy. This type of shoe was caused by the cost savings. After publication in 1939, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Covenant "The USSR Army increased to 5.5 million people in two years. It was impossible to shore all in the boots.

They saved on the skin, shoe shoes from the same krza 2. Until 1943, the indispensable attribute of the infantryman was a rolling pin through the left shoulder. This is a chinel that was rolling for mobility and put on her so that the soldiers did not feel inconvenience when shooting. In other cases, the roller brought a lot of trouble. If in the summer, when moving the infantry attacked German aviation, then from behind the rolling soldiers were visible on earth. Because of it, it was impossible to escape in a field or shelter. And in the opposite, she was simply dumped under his feet - it would not be turned with her. The Red Army soldiers had three types of uniforms: a casual, guard and weekend, each of which had two options - summer and winter. In the period from 1935 to 1941, numerous minor changes were introduced into the clothes of Red Army.

The field uniform of the 1935 sample was made from the matter of various shades of protective color. The main distinguishing element was a gymnastrog, which, in the picture, the same for soldiers, resembled Russian peasant shirt. The gymnasters were also summer and winter. Summer uniform sewed from cotton fabric lighter color, and winter - from wool fabric, which was distinguished by a more rich, dark color. The officers were rejected by a wide leather belt with a brass buckle, decorated with a five-pointed star. The soldiers wore a simpler belt with an open buckle. In the field conditions, soldiers and officers could wear two types of gymnastrock: everyday and output. The output gymnasts were often called Frenc. The second major element of uniforms were sharovars, also called Galifa. Soldier's sharovari had a rhombic form reinforcing stripes on the knees. As shoes, the officers wore high leather boots, and soldiers - shoes with windings or kizzy boots. In winter, the servicemen wore chinel from a brown-gray cloth. The same soldier's and officer coins, nevertheless, differed in quality. In the Red Army, several types of hats were used. Most of the parts were broken, which had a winter and summer version. However, at the end of the 30th anniversary of the summer log

everywhere was supplanted by the pilot. Officers in the summer wore caps. In parts deployed in Central Asia and the Far East, instead of the pilots were widespread Panama. In 1936, a new sample helmet came to equip the Red Army. In 1940, noticeable changes made in the design of the helmets. The officers wore caps everywhere, the cap was an attribute of officers. Tankists wore a special helmet made of leather or tarpaulin. In the summer, we used a more easy version of the helmet, and in the winter they put on a helmet with a fur lining. Equipment of Soviet soldiers was strict and simple. Were common was the tarpaulin of the sample of 1938. However, the real storms were not all, so after the beginning of the war, many soldiers threw gas masks and used gas-mask bags as a storage. According to the charter, every soldier armed with a rifle should have had two leather cartridge bags. In the bag it was possible to store four clips for the rifle of the MOSIAN system - 20 cartridges. The cartridge bags were worn on the belt, one on the side.

The officers used a small bag that was made of or from the tarpaulin. There were several types of such bags, some of them were worn over her shoulder, some were suspended to the belt belt. From above, the bag was located a small tablet. Some officers wore large leather tablets that were suspended on the waist belt under the left hand. In 1943, the Red Army adopted a new uniform, radically distinguished from those used until then. The system of distinction signs has changed. The new gymnastrock was very much like that was used in the royal army and had a rack collar, fastening two buttons. The main distinguishing feature of the new uniform has become epaulets. Two types of pursuit were envisaged: Field and Casual. Field epaulets were made of protective color fabric. On the chains near the buttons wearing a small gold or silver badge, designating the bodies of troops. The officers wore a fodder with a black leather chipper. The color of the chain in the cap depended on the kind of troops. In winter, the generals and colonels of the Red Army were supposed to wear dads, and the rest of the officers received ordinary ruins. The rank of sergeants and foreman was determined by the number and width of the skirts on the shoulder.

Entrontation pursuit had the colors of the kind of troops. From the small arms in the early years of the war, the legendary "Trejlineta", the three-line rifle of Mosina sample 1891 was enjoyed, the three-year rifle of Mosina. But, for example, SVT-40 rifle did not like because of its capriciousness and strong return. Interesting information about the life and life of soldiers contains such sources of information as memories, front-line diaries and letters, less susceptible to ideological influence. For example, traditionally it was believed that the soldiers lived in dugouts and dot. This is not entirely true, most of the soldiers were located in the trenches, trenches or simply in the near future I do not regret it. In Dothah, it was always very cold at that time, there were no autonomous heating and autonomous gas supply systems that we now use, for example, for giving heating and therefore soldiers preferred to sleep in the trenches, threw on the bottom of the branches and stretching the cloak tent on the bottom.

The soldier's nutrition was unaccompliant "soup yes." This proverb accurately characterizes the soldier's packs of the first months of war and, of course, the best friend of the Sukha's soldier, a favorite delicacy especially on hiking conditions, for example, on battle march. Also, the soldier's life in the meek periods of rest is impossible to imagine without the music of songs and books that gave birth to a good mood and raised the vigor of the Spirit. But still, the most important role in the victory over the fascism was played by the psychology of the Russian soldier, able to cope with any household difficulties, overcome fear, survive and defeat. During the war, the treatment of patients consisted of various ointments, the Demyanovich method was also common, according to which Donaga, the sore patients rubbed into the body - from top to bottom - a solution of hyposulfite, and then hydrochloric acid.

It feels pressure on the skin, similar to rubbing wet sand. After the treatment of the patient, it may still have 3-5 days to feel itching, as a reaction on the killed ticks. At the same time, many fighters for war have time to overcome the tens of times. In general, washing in the bath and the passage of sanitary processing as "old men" and arriving in terms of replenishment, they were mainly located in the second echelon, that is, without taking direct participation in the battles. And the washing in the bath most often was timed to spring and autumn. In the summer, the fighters had the opportunity to swim in rivers, streams, collect rainwater. In winter, it was not always possible not only to find a ready-made bath, built by the local population, but also to build temporary. When one of the heroes-Smesstsev in the famous Roman of Bogomolov "The moment of truth (in August 1944)" pours out before an unexpected transition to another place just cooked praise - this is a typical case for front-line life. Advanced parties were sometimes so frequent that not only military fortifications, but also household premises were often left shortly after their construction. In the morning, Germans were in the bath, Day - Magyars, and in the evening they are. The soldier's life can be divided into several categories associated with where the one or another was located. The biggest burden fell out to people on the forefront, there was no usual wash, shaving, breakfast, lunch or dinner.

There is a rash stamp: they say, war war, and lunch on schedule. In fact, such a routine did not exist, and even more so there was no menu. I must say that then it was decided to not give the enemy to seize the collective farm cattle. He was trying to withdraw, and where it was possible, passed by military units. A very different way was the situation near Moscow in the winter of 1941-1942, when there were forty-faded frosts. I didn't even even go about some dinner speech. The soldiers came, they retired, they were regriguered forces, and as such a positional war was not, and therefore, it was impossible to even somehow equip life. Usually once a day, the foreman brought thermos with Balanda, which was called simply "food." If this happened in the evening, it was dinner, and in the afternoon, which happened extremely rarely, lunch. Cooked what had enough products, somewhere nearby, so that the enemy could not see the kitchen smoke. And measured each soldier for the scoop in the bowler. Buckka bread cut the two-handed saw, because in the cold he turned into ice. The fighters hid their "soldering" under the sinel, to at least heat a little. Each soldier at that time was behind the boot with a spoon, as we called it, the "Shant tool" aluminum stamping.

She served as not only a table appliance, but also was a kind of "business card". This explanation is: there was a belief that if you wear a soldier's medallion in the pussy purse piston: a small black plastic penalty, which should be a note with the data (surname, name, patronymic, year of birth, from where it is called), then you will definitely kill you. Therefore, most fighters simply did not fill out this sheet, and some even threw the medallion himself. But all its data was scratched on a spoon. And therefore, even now, when search engines find the remains of the soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War, their names are installed in spoons. During the offensive, a dry buckle of crackers or galley, canned food, but they really appeared in the diet, when the Americans announced the entry into the war and began to provide assistance to the Soviet Union.

The dream of any soldier, by the way, were fragrant swake sausages in banks. The alcohol was given only on the front line. How did it happen? A foreman came with a bidon, and there was some kind of turbid liquid of light coffee-colored. A bowler poured to the department, and then everyone was measured with a cap from a 76 mm projectile: he was unscrewed before the shot, freeing the fuse. It was 100 or 50 grams and what fortress, no one knew. I drank, "climbing" the sleeve, that's the whole "booze." In addition, from the front of the front, this alcohol-containing liquid reached the forefront through many, as they say, intermediaries, therefore, its volume, and "degrees" decreased. In movies, it is often shown that the military unit is located in a village, where living conditions are more or less human: you can wash, even go to the bath, sleep on the bed ... But this could only be in relation to the headquarters located at some distance from the front line.

And on the most advanced condition were completely different as the most severe. Soviet brigades that have formed in Siberia had a good equipment: boots, ordinary and bikers, thin and warm linen, cotton balls, and more cotton pants, gymnasters, quilted tank rack, chinel, graft, winter hat and mittens made of dog fur. A person can even transfer the most extreme conditions. Soldiers slept, most often, in the forest: you will disturb the fir branches, you will make the bed from them, too, you also touch these paws and lay down for the night. Of course, frostbite happened. In our army, the rear was displayed only when almost nothing remained, except for her room, banner and a handful of fighters. Then the connections and parts were directed to re-form. And in the Germans, Americans and the British used the principle of shifts: parts and units were not always on the front line, they were changed on fresh troops. Moreover, soldiers gave holidays to travel home.

In the Red Army from the entire 5 millionth army - only for special merit a few received leave. There was a problem of assuming, especially in the warm season. But in the troops, sanitary services worked quite effectively. There were special "bridal" machines with closed bodies-van. There was loaded outfit and processed hot air. But it was done in the rear. And the bonfire was burned on the front soldiers so as not to break the masking rules, filmed underwear and brought it closer to fire. The lice only crackled, burning! I would like to note that even in such harsh conditions, the unusual of life in the troops there was no rapid typhus, which usually tolerate the lice. Interesting facts: 1) a special place occupied the use of alcohol by the personnel. Almost immediately after the start of the war, the alcohol was officially legalized at the highest state level and included in the daily supply of personnel.

The soldiers considered vodka not only as a means of psychological unloading, but also as an indispensable medicine in the conditions of Russian frosts. Without it it was impossible, especially in winter; Bombing, art robes, tank attacks so acted on the psyche that only vodka was saved. 2) a lot mean for fighters at the front of the letters from the house. Not all the soldiers received them, and then, listening to reading letters sent by comrades, everyone experienced as his own. In response, they wrote mainly on the conditions of front-line life, leisure, non-good soldiers' entertainment, friends and commander. 3) visited the front and moments of rest. Sound guitar or harmony. But the real holiday was the arrival of artistic amateur. And there was no more thankward viewer than a soldier who might have happened in a few hours to go to death. It was difficult for a person in war, it's hard to look at how the killed comrade falls nearby, it is difficult to dig graves with hundreds. But our people lived and survived this war. The unassumature of the Soviet soldier, his heroism did a victory closer every day.

Literature.

1. Abdulin MG 160 pages from a soldier diary. - M.: Young Guard, 1985.

2. Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985.

3. Gribachev N.M. When you become a soldier ... / N.M. Gribachev. - M.: DOSAAF USSR, 1967.

4. Lebonesev A.Z., Mukhin Yu.I. Fathers-commanders. - M.: Yauza, Eksmo, 2004. - 225 p.

5. Lipatov P. Uniforms of the Red Army and Wehrmacht. - M.: Publishing House "Technique - Youth", 1995.

6. Sinitsyn A.M. Mortar assistance front / A.M. Sinitsyn. - M.: Milivdat, 1985. - 319 p.

7. Krenov M.M., Konovalov I.F., Devenyuk N.V., TEROVKIN M.A. Military clothing of the Armed Forces of the USSR and Russia (1917-1990s). - M.: Milivdat, 1999.

I.S. Ivanov

By nature, the German nation is very different from all others. They consider themselves highly educated people for whom order and system above all. As for the German fascists, headed by the Fuhrer Hitler, who wanted to seize the whole world, including the Soviet Union, then it is worth saying that they only read their nation and considered it the best of all others. In the days of the Great Patriotic War, the Nazis besides the burning of cities, and the destruction of Soviet soldiers, they found the time to entertain themselves, but not always humane.

The Great Patriotic War He moved many events that left their indelible mark in the history of mankind. Active fighting took place constantly, only the locations of the dislocation and the military changed. In addition to the defeasions, bombing and fights of the Red Army soldiers and the fascist invaders, at the moments when the explosions were silent, the soldiers had the opportunity to move, fill their strength, to eat and entertain. Yes, and in such a heavy for all the time soldiers who constantly went next to death, saw how they killed their colleagues and just friends, knew how to rest, abstract, sing military songs, write poems about warAnd just laugh from interesting stories.

But not all entertainment were harmless, because every understanding of mercy is different. For example, germans Throughout World War II, they showed themselves with brutal murderers who do not spare anyone on their way. According to many historical facts and testimony of the elderly, who themselves witnessed the terrible segment of time, it can be stated that all the actions of the Nazis were not so forced, many actions were made from their personal initiative. Murders and bullying over many people have become a kind of fun and the game. The fascists felt their power over other people, and for self-affirmation committed all the most brutal crimes that were not punished.

It is known that at the captured territories, enemy troops took peaceful residents to the hostage and covered their bodies, and after that they were executed. People killed in gas chambers and burned in crematoriums, which at that time worked without interruptions. The punishers did not spare anyone. The executioners were shot, hung and burned alive of young children, women, old people and received pleasure from it. As it is possible inexplicable until today's days and is unknown, whether all these brutal historical riddles will ever be solved. One way to entertain German fascists was rape of women and little girls. Moreover, it was often done collectively and very brutally.

Photos of the Times of the Great Patriotic War show that the Germans were engaged in hunting, and very proud of their trophies. Probably, the hunting and fishing was for the fascists only entertainment, since they fed them an order of magnitude better than Soviet soldiers. Especially the Nazis loved to hunt on a large beast, on boars, bears and deer. Germans Also loved to drink well, drop and sing. Since they are extraordinary people, then the classes came up with the corresponding, which is clearly shown in many pictures. The German fascists undressed, and were taken away from civilians, strollers, and posed with them. Also nazisloved to pose with ammunition that the glorious Soviet people destroyed.

However, in addition to all the most terrible, there is an opinion that not all German invaders were cruel and merciless. Documented a lot of indications that the Germans even helped some families and old men who lived during the occupation of Soviet territories.

Anyway, there will never be a good attitude towards the fascists. Such bloody measures there is no forgiveness.