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Including in part. After a combination "including" comma needed or not? "Including" stands out by commas

08.04.2021

In Russian, the rules are sometimes so flexible that they are difficult to remember. For example, after the phrase "including" a comma need or not? Speaking briefly, there are different options. Somewhere it is needed, and somewhere not.

What is this phrase

According to dictionaries, the phrase "including" is a composite (consisting of several words) composite (associates homogeneous members of the proposal and part of a complex proposal) Union. Refers to the attachment. That is, it brings some additional information to offer, it joins it to the already existing.

The alliances themselves are not allocated by commas, this is not impoverished words. It's all about the information they bring. Usually it is some additional information to tell about something.

This information is called connecting, member of the sentence. As soon as he formed, the Union became subassemble and is being considered now with all the turn. If he stands in the middle or at the end of the sentence, it is allocated (in the middle) or separated (at the end) commas. Less often apply a dash.

Is it necessary after "including" comma: a rule

In the "Academic Directory", paragraph 84, read: "... Affiliate members of the sentence ... stand out by commas." Here often make such a mistake: understanding this phrase as an independent attachment, they put two commas from both sides. Thus, "including" is allocated by commas as an infinitive member of the sentence, being in fact the union.

The error is that the second comma after this union is too early. It should be set after the information attached. The union does the announcement of: now there will be information. Follow these information. And after them you need a comma.

Examples of proper and improper writing

When you need a comma after "including", and when not?

An example of proper writing:

, including.

An example of incorrect writing:

includingabout connecting turns.

Italic was allocated a member of the sentence, which with the help of this union complements the above earlier. It should not be divided by a comma. It should only be highlighted, separating from the previous text. And here the comma is needed.

When the comma puts after turnover

Sometimes after turnover, the comma is also put. This happens when the offer on it does not end and the idea of \u200b\u200bhis first part continues. Then in the turn, starting with the words "including", the comma emits it from both sides, and the turnover is the comma. Example:

In this text, a lot of boring information, including About connecting turnsAnd to understand this is only an academician.

Here, if you throw the turnover, the commas are not needed. The Union "and" will exclude them. But it happens that even if you throw the turnover, the commas are needed. This is required if the thought is explained from the first or second part. Example:

In this text, a lot of boring information, including About connecting turns, to understand that only academician.

An idea of \u200b\u200bthe first part of the sentence is explained.

In this text, a lot of boring information, including About connecting turns

An idea of \u200b\u200bthe second part of the sentence is explained.

It is important to understand that these examples are not related to the state of writing only the Union. They are given in order to show the highlight of turnover with this union. They will also stand out with another union. Example:

In this text, a lot of boring information , namely about the connecting turns, understand that only academician.

Knowing alliances, easy to understand where to put commas.

When the comma does not put

There are cases when they write "including" without commas. Example:

Previously, we ranked the room one hundred, and now - the number one hundred and thirty seven. It is a pity that we moved, I liked including Easy memorization.

Everything is clear here. It can be seen from the context that we are talkative. The meaning of the phrase is different. And the rules are others. This is no longer an union, but a noun "number" in the proposed case. But the example is more comprehensive:

Because of the unrepected parking lot, the field processing has decreased. As we see, fluctuations in the amount of gross product occur including And because of the elimination of the auto repair enterprise.

Neither before nor after including"The comma does not put. Here is also important context. If you throw a union, the meaning of what has been said slightly. That is, it is indicated by the only reason for the fluctuations of the amount of gross product - the elimination of the auto repair enterprise. Because of the standing phrase, it is clear that this reason is not the only one. You can paraphrase it so that the attachment is visible:

For fluctuations in the amount of gross product, certain reasons are influenced including elimination of the auto repair enterprise.

The word "reasons" is complemented by turnover (allocated in italics).

In common speech it may look like this:

It happened including and for your fault.
It happened And in your fault, including.

Classic option:

In what happened, many are to blame including and you.

Here the word "many" is complemented by turnover. It is meant, but not in the previous embodiment. We have an example of the movement of the language. So the majority began to say, these designs (with a missing explanable word) are pronounced by radio, they fly from politicians. Many proposals previously considered invalid structures due to the lack of a generalizing word, now - the norm.

When an erroneous proposal is made

It happens that the proposal itself containing this union is improperly. The rules enshrined that the connecting structure should relate to a specific word. If it is not - there is nothing to attach.

At the meeting of graduates, we remembered including and twins Petrov.

Here is a completely extra union "including", the comma in front of him speaks of an attached turn. But here's just the words you need to supplement, no. Sounds illiterately. You can paraphrase like this:

The meeting of graduates remembered many classmates, including and twins Petrov.

Why do you need to know

To understand where to put a comma, you have not only to schoolchildren, but also adults. Imagine this situation: the graduate wrote a resume and sent to the company where a specialist of his level is required. He was sure that he would take it.

While the competitors sitting in the queue for an interview were worried, he calmly presented himself at a new job place. What was his surprise when the representative of the employer pointed out his summary as the reason for the refusal!

It turned out that, seeking to imagine himself from the best side, the applicant wrote such a phrase:

I happened to develop software products for large companies, thereinnumber, for "A" and "B" And I have a testimony about the successful introduction of one of them.

After the Union "including" the comma stands, but it should stand after turnover (allocated in italics), and not break it. Apparently, the young man was afraid to put a comma in front of "and". In vain.

This is how competent in your field the specialist can overnight become a loser.

Is it worth replacing this phrase

It should be noted that such revs can be attached without unions. For example:

In this text, a lot of boring information .
In this text, a lot of boring information About connecting turns.

In the second case, the union will throw out, but the meaning of this has changed a little. Now from the sentence it follows that boring information contains connecting turns. In the first sentence, this is not the only reason, it is also implied.

Some seek to replace uncomfortable words, write simple sentences to avoid mistakes. Thus, the language is shifted, speech turns. Words are leaving exactly the thoughts. Ultimately, this leads to the dinner of the vocabulary and the inability to explain or prove.

Having understood with alliances, it will be easy to go through literacy test, and colleagues will call only a smile. The best way to increase literacy is reading fiction. She is rich in expressive means, it can be found in it all the techniques necessary for writing texts.

The main thing is not to lower your hands, and everything will turn out!

Members of the proposals that are in the nature of additional information are passable to expand the content of the main statement relate to the category of connecting. They are introduced using individual words, combinations or particles and stand out on a letter of commas.

More information about such words, or rather about specific examples of using some of them, we will talk.

When it is set near the Union "including" comma

Including is a union that is used to clarify or supplement the information by joining a new member of the sentence to the already existing.

The letter should be remembered that the connecting turnover (which includes the Union "including") the comma separates from the rest of the sentence. For example:

Today we have gathered all the guys including Pavlik to discuss the current situation.
They already knew everywhere, including In our town.

And so that the connected member or turnover is considered separate and demanded allocations from two sides with commas, you need to pay attention to the meaning of the statement.

So, in the case when the withdrawal of turns does not distort the structure of the proposal - it can be considered separately:

In all his works, including And in this story, the author is amazingly truthful and restrained (removal of turnover is possible, therefore it is allocated with commas).

But in the case of example: "In all, includinge and in this work the author skillfully transfers reality, "the seizure will break the structure -" in all ... work ", and therefore the turnover is not separated.

Is it raised between the connecting turnover and the union "including" comma

Please note that the Union "Including" is not an introductory word, which means it does not allocate with commas from both sides. Moreover, if before the titled Union, additional unions "A" or "and" are used, then they form a single combination and the comma is not separated:

Everyone got merit and includinge Tolik.
Natasha loved to draw portraits, and including And by memory, but shy to show them to their friends (as you can see, between the unions and a combination of "including" the comma does not put).

But pay attention to another detail - for the proper use of the Union "including", the presence in the proposal of an integer indication is necessary, part of which will be connected with this union. Compare:

How are commasted near the Union "For example"

It is often found on the letter another mistake - an extra comma after the word "for example." In this case, put in several general rules that we now give.

If the word "for example" stands before the connecting turnover, to which it relates, then the entire turn is allocated, not the word:

Some girls eg Tanya, helped in cleaning the class.

If the turnover, including the word "for example," is highlighted by dash or brackets, then after "for example" commas are set:

Some girls ( eg, Tanya) helped in cleaning the class.

If the word "for example" turns out to be behind the connecting member, then in this case, it is allocated to commas on both sides:

Some girls helped class cleaning. Here is Tanya, eg, Washed the desks.

After "for example" may be a colon, in situations where it is after a word with a generalizing value in front of homogeneous members:

Some fruits are dangerous to give suffering allergies, eg: Oranges, pineapples, as well as strawberries and other red berries.

If the mentioned word refers to the entire proposal or to its appropriate part (in the case when it is complex), it is separated from two sides by commas:

And how do you do if eg, will we meet hooligans?

This rule refers to turns, including combinations "in particular" or "for example" and similar to it.

About how empty words stand out

Introductory words help clarify said or emphasize some part of it. They always stand out in oral speech by pauses, and in writing - commas. If such words are positioned at the beginning of the proposals - the punctuation sign is placed after them, and if at the end, in front of them, including the comma needed when the introductory word is in the middle of the sentence. Then it is isolated from two sides.

How stands out on the letter "However"

The word "however" performs both the role of the introductory word and the union or interjections. Therefore, the release of it with commas depends on which role it performs in this proposal and where it is located.

It should be known that it never starts a sentence as an introductory word. If it follows a separate turn, then after "however" the comma is set:

butLooking around, he quickly realized how to be further.

And in the middle of such a turn, it stands out on both sides:

He listened to the story, not quite butInteresting, and diligently smiled.

When using the specified word as interjections, after and before "however", the comma needs:

buthow you grew out during this time!

If "however" is used as the Union at the beginning of the sentence - it is not separated by the comma, and when connected with its help parts of a complex proposal - the comma is placed in front of it:

How are commas with the word "please"

How to stand near the word "please" commas depends largely on the context in which it is used. If it is used as an introductory word, in order to attract the attention of the interlocutor or as a polite treatment, it is allocated by commas for this type of words:

You are welcome, do not remember the flowers on the flower bed.
Tell me you are welcomeHow to get to Ivanova Street?
Sit down, you are welcome.

But there are situations in which the commas are not placed next to the word "please". First, if it is used as a particle with the value "yes", and secondly, if "please" enters the phrase:

How are commasted near the word "therefore"

Reflecting whether there should be a comma to stand before or after the word "so", it is necessary to pay attention to the situation in which this adverb is used. Most often it is used as an analogue of the Union in complex proposals with a causal meaning:

Sky clouded clouds, so All expected rain.
The cup of treacherously leaned so A dark stain appeared on the shirt.
From night hit frost, so The sidewalk was covered with ice crust.

In such situations, it is put before "therefore" comma, as before the union, which connects two parts of a complex proposal.

By the way, this word is often confused with the introductory, highlighting it on a message with commas, but it enters into a group of particles and adverbs that never belong to the introductory words, and therefore do not need mentioned allocation.

Summarize

If you think about how the connecting speeds or introductory words stand out on the letter and whether the comma is set after the word "so", remember the nuances that allow you to accomplish the punctuation marks. For this:

pay attention to the proposal context;
remember that the introductory word, like an attachment, is easily removed from the sentence;
do not forget what words can not act as the introductory;
if the word is still input, apply the rules for allocation of them in the letter;
and when using adverbs, "so" remember for parts of a complex offer.

Composite derivatives are words that are very often forced to think about whether they need a comma and where they need it. It is not an exception and the combination under consideration; Often writing can not confidently say, the expression "including" is allocated with commas or not. The reason for this, in particular, is that these words are often accepted for the introductory, although in reality they are never introductory: they cannot be rearranged or discharged without loss of meaning.

"Including" stands out by commas

In front of the phrase

"Including" is an union, but not quite typical. Unlike other unions that associate homogeneous members or parts of a complex proposal, and also attach the revolutions (for example, comparative), this union only joins the revolutions with the value of clarification, concretization with the allocation of one element of generality. Therefore, before the union, the comma is necessary. At the same time, with the words "including" commas after not put.

This year, schoolchildren are going to travel around the cities of the Golden Ring, including the Great Rostov will visit.
The Literature Program for the 10th grade includes several voluminous works, including Roman-epic L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

The comma is not needed

If the combination of "including" should be immediately after alliances "A" or "and", then it is not separated from them with a comma, that is, the comma is only before the union, and "including" signs not allocated signs.

My classmates, including the famous Gymnast of Olga Samsonov, were often gathered in this cafe for a cup of tea.
He loved sad music, and including the folk guidance songs of the fraternal peoples of neighboring countries.

Including book. Neism. Including, among others, between others.

An outstanding Russian composer P. I. Tchaikovsky is the author of ten operas, including those world famous, as "Eugene Onegin", "Peak Lady", "Iolanta".

It is necessary ... To preserve national cultures, languages, including Russian. (V. Rasputin.)

Training phraseological dictionary. - M.: AST. E. A. Bystrov, A. P. Okuneva, N. M. Shansky. 1997 .

Synonyms:

Watch what is "including" in other dictionaries:

including - (and) ... Orphographic Dictionary

including (and) - Union of connecting turnover with the Union "including" is allocated by the punctuation signs (usually commas). The Union "Including" is not separated by the comma from the unions "A", "and", forming a single combination with them. General comes; Shive ... ... Penctuation Dictionary

Including - The union is used when joining a member of a sentence, which is part of a whole (referred to in the first part of the proposal), corresponding to the meaning: including anyone or anything, including. Explanatory dictionary Efremova. T. F. ... ...

Including - The union is used when joining a member of a sentence, which is part of a whole (which is referred to in the first part of the proposal), corresponding to the meaning: including anyone or anything, including. Explanatory dictionary Efremova. T. F ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language

Including - Among others, between others. It was followed by a lot of guests, including the Korsakov (Pushkin. Arap Peter the Great). Travelers did not lose anything, but everything is resolute, including matches, wet through (V. Arsenyev. In the mountains of Sikhote ... ... Fraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language

including - see the number; Including / (s) in zn. Union. Including attaching. All went, including us ... Dictionary of many expressions

Including (and) - number, a, mn. Numbers, villages, slot, cf. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Swedov. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

including Synonym dictionary

including - NARCH, Number of synonyms: 1 Including (6) ASIS synonyms dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

including - including, not excluding, including page. 0106 p. 0107 p. 0108 p. 0109 p. 0110 ... New explanatory dictionary of the synonyms of the Russian language

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INCLUDING

including e.

soyuz

UPOTR. When joining a member of a sentence, which is part of that whole, which is discussed in the first part of the sentence; including smb., lies, including.

Efremova. Explanatory dictionary Efremova. 2012