GSC command of the Russian Air Force on the development of military aviation. Day of the Air Force RF. Dossier Communions Military Air Force

((Direct))

N and the next day, June 8, 1941, the wave of arrests was overwhelmed by the highest echelon of military leadership. Ya. V. Smeutkevich, born in 1902, a member of the WCP (b) since 1918, Lieutenant General of Aviation, in 1939-1940 - the Glavkom of the Air Force of the Red Army, then - General Inspector Inspector of the RKKK, Assistant Head of the General Staff on the Air Force. An outstanding pilot fighter and commander, he fought in the sky of Spain and Halhin-goal, for exceptional courage and skill was twice awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union (In the USSR, before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, only five people received this title).

On June 9, 1941, A. D. Lokhotionov, 1893 years of birth, headquarters-captain of the old Russian army, Member of the WCP (b) since 1921, Colonel-General. In 1937-1940, he is the head of the RKKA Air Force, the Deputy Commissar of the USSR Defense, a member of the Central Committee of the CPP (b), a member of the Main Military Council. The last post in front of the arrest is the commander of the Baltic Special Military District (until February 1941, then "at the disposal of NPO"). He was awarded two orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Star.

On June 17, 1941, K. M. Gusev, born in 1906, a member of the VKP (b) since 1930, Lieutenant-General Aviation, Commander of the Belarusian Air Force, then the Far Eastern Front Air Force.

On June 19, 1941, P. A. Alekseev, 1888 born, member of the WCP (b) since 1920, Lieutenant-General Aviation, Head of the Main Directorate of the Aviation Suppliation of the Red Army, then Assistant Head of the Privolzhsky Air Force.

Defeat

At dawn on June 22, 1941, well-known events began, but they did not stop in any way and did not even slow down the repression flywheel.

"RESULTS great workconducted by security officers for incomplete two months, amazing imagination "

A few days after the start of the war (the exact date is still unknown), hero was arrested by the Hero of the Soviet Union, Deputy Commissar of Defense for Combat Training Troops (before that - the head General Staff Red Army) General of the Army K. A. Meretkov. On the evening of June 21, the Politburo decision was appointed a representative of the High Command on the Northern Front and in the morning of June 22 went to Leningrad. On June 23, Meretkov was included in the list of "regular advisers of the High Command rate" along with such trusted people of Stalin, like Molotov, Beria, Shaposhnikov, Zhdanov, Malenkov, Mehlis. On the same day, on June 23, 1941, Meretskov was suddenly caused to Moscow and arrested (according to one of the versions - right in the receptionist Stalin).

A story with sudden arrest and even more mysterious liberation (in early September 1941) Metskova is one of the most "dark spots" in the chronicles of the war. Today, exactly two documents directly relating to the "case" of Meretkov. Both of these documents were published in the "Labor" newspaper (No. 230 dated December 14, 2001).

The first "document" you have to consider the message of the leadership of the Central Archive of the FSB that the investigative case of K. A. Metskova was destroyed. That is how it is not lost, not classified, but destroyed. Why? For materials about the arrest of the Chief of the General Staff and the Deputy Commissar of Defense, there was no place in the closet? The second document is a letter with which Meretkov himself turned to Stalin on August 28, 1941. The letter is, which in common logic should have been destroyed along with the allegedly destroyed "case", was not miraculously destroyed ... The arrest of Metskova in time coincided with the wave of arrests of the leadership of the Soviet Air Force, but this coincidence may be quite random. In my book "On 25 June", I expressed and tried (in the framework of the existing, extremely scarce source base) to justify the hypothesis, in accordance with which Meretskov fell victim to intrigue (possibly the operations of the German special services), the result of which was the massive challenge of Soviet aviation to Finland ( June 25, 1941) and subsequent disconnection of the 2nd Soviet finnish war.

On June 24, 1941, P. V. Rchergov was arrested, born in 1911, Lieutenant-General Aviation. Fighter-fighter levers became 20 years old. In October 1936, as part of the first group of Soviet pilots, he arrived in Spain, until February 1937, the Squadron of the Biplan H-15, who was commanded by the levers, shot down (more precisely, he stood off) 40 aircraft aviation of fascists. On December 31, 1936, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded brave pilot and talented commander. From Spain, the levers falls into China, where the commander of the entire Soviet air group is fighting against Japanese invaders. On March 8, 1938, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, and in April, the commander of the Aviation of the Primorskaya Group of a special red-known Far Eastern Army was appointed. For the successful leadership of the Air Force in battles, Lake Hasan in 1938 was awarded the second Order of the Red Banner. In the same year, the levers adopted in the party by the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) without passing the candidate experience. During the Finnish war, he commanded the Air Force of the 9th Army - the fourth war and the third Order of the Red Banner. Since June 1940, the Deputy, and from August 1940 - the head of the RKKA Air Force.

On June 26, 1941, A. P. ions arrested, 1894 years of birth, Member of the WCP (b) since 1938, Major General Aviation, Commander of the Air Force of the North-Western Front (Baltic OIO).

On June 27, 1941, P. S. Volodin was arrested, 1900 of birth, Major General Aviation. The first time Volodin (at that time - the head of the headquarters of the 1st Red Banner Army) was arrested in 1938, then within the framework of the "Berievsky thaw" released to the will in 1939. From April 11, 1941 and on the day of arrest, the head of the headquarters of the RKKA Air Force.

On the same day, on June 27, 1941, I. I. Proskurov was arrested, born in 1907, a member of the WCP (b) since 1927, Lieutenant-General Aviation. List of General Sekzarov was unusual even by the standards of that incredible time. In 1931, from the last course of the Kharkiv Institute of Electrification, the Benefits is called into the Red Army, where he graduated flight school And he became the commander of the crew of a heavy bombarder. The bridges then serves as a pilot-instructor of the elite aircraft academy. Zhukovsky, commander of the bombarding squadron. Among the first miscarriages arrived in Spain, where he fights with Francists behind the helm. In 1937 he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After Spain, the commander of the aviation army of a special purpose of the Far Eastern Front. Awarded the Order Lenin, two orders of the Red Banner. On April 14, 1939, the military pilot and the aviation commander becomes the head of intelligence management and - according to his position - Deputy Commissar of Defense. On July 27, 1941 (exactly 11 months before the arrest), Proskur returns again to the aircraft, commanded the Air Force of the Far Eastern Front, and later appointed by the assistant commission of the Master Commission for Aviation of Far Action.

On the same day, on June 27, 1941, E. S. Ptuhin arrested, born in 1902, a member of the WCP (b) since 1918, Lieutenant General Aviation, Commander of the South-Western Front Air Force (Kiev OIO). He graduated from military aviasychhat in 1929, a fighter pilot, a commander of fighter airbject. In Spain, the Counselor of the Republican Air Force, after returning to the Soviet Union in 1938, it is appointed by the commander of the Leningrad Air Force. During the Finnish war, the commander of the Basic Air Force, the North-Western Front. Hero of the Soviet Union, was awarded two orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner and the Order of the Red Star. In January 1941, Ptuhhin was appointed Head of the Main Department of the Red Army Air Defense, and then the Commander of the Kiev Special Military District Air Force.

On June 28, 1941, F. K. Arzhenukhin was arrested, born in 1902, a member of the CPP (b) since 1922, Lieutenant-General Aviation. In 1927 he graduated from the Borisoglebsk School of Military pilots, in 1931 - the improvement courses of the Nachsostav at the Air Force Academy. The commander of the aircadron, the Senior Inspector for the Air Force Inspectorate, the head of the 4th bombardment aircraft. Assistant military attache in Spain, in 1938-1940 - Head of the BCC Air Force, then the head of the Military Academy of the Command and North Air Force of the Air Force. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner.

On July 8, 1941, A. I. Tayursky, 1900 of Birth, a member of the WCP (b) since 1926, Major General Aviation. The Deputy Commander of the Western Front Air Force (Western OIO), after the death of the Commander of the FRONT FRONT joined its duties.

On July 12, 1941, N. A. Laskin, 1894, Birth, Non-partisan, Major General Aviation, Head of the South-West Front, Headquarters.

The first (and hasty) view of the arrests made after June 22 could be related to the investigation of the causes and the search for those responsible in the defeat of Soviet aviation, but in the above-mentioned "accusatory certificate" of Beria dated January 29, 1942, the events of the war were not even mentioned! Commanders of the Western District Air Force (ions, Ptuhhin, Tayursky, Laskin) - exactly, like aviation generals, arrested until June 22, are "expanded by the testimony" shot in 1937-1938 Belov, Uritsky, Bergoltz, Kolavich. They are imputed to the guilt "participation in the Rospectrocyst Conspiracy" and even "espionage" in favor of almost already non-existent France. They were recruited into spies who in 1938, and who (Pthukhin) and in 1935 ...

Prostrated fate

By the way, the fate of the commander of the Air Force of the Kiev Special Military District Ptukhin was apparently solved before the German invasion. Aviation Marshal A. A. Novikov (at that time - the commander of the Air Force of the Leningrad Military District) writes in his memoirs:

"... On June 20, I was unexpectedly at the orders of the Marshal of the Soviet Union, S. K. Tymoshenko called me to Moscow. On Saturday, I returned to Leningrad and immediately called the addict. General Zlobin, who consisted of the addict for special instructions, reported that I was translated in Kiev. Naturally, I immediately thought about General E. S. Ptukhin and inquired, where to translate it. My question was left unanswered. Zlobin somehow jumped and after a short pause replied that the question about Ptukhin was not yet resolved, but I should have a march at 9 am on June 23, and hung up ... "

Very unclear and in the circumstances of the death of the commander of the Western Front of General Major I. I. Kopts. According to the generally accepted version, the copper shot himself in his office in the evening of June 22, 1941. The documents of the Western Front, who studied by me, silently indicate that the front Air Force commander has really changed: on the morning of June 22, the documents sign the copper, and on the night of June 22nd to 23 June - others, quickly replacing each other's faces. However, there is no document that the new commander has taken into account the duties, there is no way as there are also the slightest references to where the previous one. All this is very strange: according to the well-known statutory standards, even the departure of the commander in the next vacation and the appointment of temporarily executing is issued by a written order.

In the traditional version (suicide caused by the psychological breakdown from the defeat of the front aircraft) does not fit the most important thing in such a matter - the properties of the person of the deceased. Hero of the Soviet Union, the Kavaler of the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner, the participant of two wars (Spanish and Finnish) 34-year-old General Ivan Kopets was not a "former pilot-fighter." Until the last day, he remained a flying pilot. Marshal Skripko in his memoirs with some disapproval notes that the commander of the districts of the district spent most of the time at the airfields, for which he did not come to ZIS, and flew to the fighter I-16. Yes, and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union commander of the squadron I. I. Kopets received not as a gift "For the anniversary", but for the personal courage, manifested in the sky of Madrid.

For a person with such a biography and such character, it would be much natural to reduce the scores with life - if such an intention actually arose - in the air, in the cockpit of a combat aircraft, taking several enemies with him. The fighter aircraft in the personal disposal of the Commander of the Air Force was. German aircraft in the sky over Belorussia were plentifully, they themselves flew to Minsk. Everything becomes in place, assuming that in the afternoon of June 22, 1941, the front team arrived. People come with "hot hearts", "Friends of the people". In this case, the only way to evade the "investigation" and the wrong trial remained only a bullet in the temple.

It does not fit into the version of the suicide of General Kopts and one episode described in the diary of P. K. Ponomarenko (the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus, in the first days of the war - a member of the Western Front of the Western Front). In this document (published under the editors of the famous Russian historian V. Mind in the Minsk magazine "Neman" Nos. 7, 8 for 2008) there is such an entry: in the middle of the day 23 (twenty-third!) June in the telephone conversation with Ponomarenko, Stalin tells him : "Yes, I almost forgot. Smushkevich showed that Copet was a German spy. Commander Aviation appointed his deputy. Take care of its qualities. Tell me Pavlov ... "

If this is true and in the afternoon of June 23, neither the commander of the front of Pavlov, nor a member of the Military Council of the ZF Ponomarenko still did not know anything about the "suicide" of the Commander of the Front Air Force, allegedly occurred during the day earlier, it was most likely no suicide. There was arrest and / or murder during detention. Of course, the final conclusions are still early, historians remain hoped for the fact that the "case" of General I. Kopts, the place in archival storage facilities of the NKVD-KGB-FSB was found ...

In addition to two pardon ...

The results of the great work carried out by security officers for incomplete two months are striking the imagination. Were arrested:

• deputy Commissar of Defense, the Former Chief of the RKKKA General Staff (Meretsk);
• arms People's Commissar (Vacation);
• commissar of ammunition (Sergeev);
• three former Commanders of the Red Army Air Force (Lokokionov, Smushkevich, Levers);
• head of the Main Department of the USSR Air Defense (Stern);
• assistant Commander of the Air Force for Aviation of Far Action (Proskurov);
• head of the RKKA Air Force Headquarters and its deputy (Volodin and Yusupov);
• commander of the Far Eastern Front Air Force (Gusev);
• deputy Commander of the Air Force of Leningrad Po (Levin);
• commander of the Air Force of the North-West Front (ions);
• commander of the Western Front Air Force (Tayursky);
• commander of the Air Force and Head of the South-West Front Air Force (Ptuhin and Laskin);
• commander of the Moscow Air Force VO (Pumpur);
• assistant Commander of the Air Force of Orlovsky in (mines);
• assistant Commander of the Privolzhsky Air Force (Alekseev);
• head of the Military Academy of the Command and Navigator of the Air Force (Argenshin);
• head of the Ministry of Air Force (Filin);
• head of the NIP of Aviation Arms (Shevchenko).

The list, of course, is far from complete. It does not even include all those who were named above. But there were still dozens of other commanders, engineers, managers who were arrested and killed in the framework of the Aviators' Business. And at the same time, a grandiose case about the "anti-Soviet conspiracy" was unwound in the main artillery department of the Red Army (the deputy head of the management of Major General G. K. Savchenko and his deputies, many artillery designers were arrested and shot.

Nobody knows why, but Stalin pardoned two doomed: Vanchenkova and Meretkova. July 20 straight from the prison chamber on workplace We returned the vanchenow. Chairman of GKO Stalin independently wrote paper of such content:

"GKo certifies that Comrade Vannikov Boris Lvovich was temporarily subjected to arrest by the NKVD bodies, as it was clearly clarified, by misunderstanding, which is considered to be completely rehabilitated. T. Vacanchikov Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) and SNK of the USSR was appointed deputy addict of weapons and, by order, GKO should immediately begin work as a deputy addict of weapons. "

A little later, Wannikova was prescribed by the Commissar of the USSR ammunition. He served as the owner faithfully, and when it was time to create for the Comrade Stalin "Ammunition" of an unprecedented destructive force - atomic, and then hydrogen bomb, I was instructed by Vanshikov, who had previously arrested by the NKVD bodies, "how this is clarified now, by misunderstanding." The vanship coped with the task, brought the case to the test of the "ammunition" with a capacity of 50 megaton and became three times the hero of the Socratrud.

Metskova was released in early September 1941 and directly from the prison cell in the same rank of the army general and again as a representative of the representative sent to the Karelian Front. Large (and small) success This front under the command of the former deputy addict did not achieve. Perhaps because the health and forces of Meretkov were irretrievably undermined. According to the common historical legend, the caring Stalin even allowed to be injecting to the general torture to the general torture. Khrushchev writes in his memoirs: "When I saw Metskova for the last time, it was no longer Meretkov, but his shadow. Previously, he was a young general, physically strong, strong man, and now he barely walked ... "

All the others who were not tortured during the "investigation" and lived to the sentence, shot. On October 28, after the evacuation of the Central Apparatus of the NKVD from Moscow in Kuibyshev on the outskirts of the "spare capital", Lokokionov, Stern, Arzhenhukhina, River, Smushkevich, Proskurov, Savchenko, Volodin were shot at the outskirts. The fate of the largest group of arrested was decided on January 29, 1942, Stalin personally drawn on the reporting note by the NKVD Beria's report: "Shooting all named on the list." On February 13, 1942, the Special Council of the NKVD of the USSR issued the will of the "leader" by a decision on the death sentence. Young, thirty and forty-male generals who recorded in the Bolshevik-Leninist Party at the age of 18-20, shot on February 23, 1942. On the day of the Red Army.

***

Since then, many-many years have passed. In Kuibyshev at the site of the Singing section of the NKVD, the park appeared. Gagarin Children's Park. At the beginning of the "restructuring" at the place of the future monument, the heroes of martyrs set a memorial stone. Invited relatives, speeches. Now there is a modest, almost imperceptible monument because of the trees. True, the grass there will be a good, high and beautiful. With wildflowers.

The most desirable candidate - Colonel-General Surovikin

At the position of Commander-in-law of the Russian Federation, after Tuesday, Colonel-General Viktor Bondarev was released, according to the sources of "MK", \u200b\u200bthree main candidates are considered: Commander of the Space Forces, Colonel-General Alexander Golovko, Deputy Head of the General Staff, Chairman of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Defense General - Pilatenant Igor Makushev, as well as the commander of the troops of the Eastern Military District, Colonel-General Sergey Surovikin.

Candidate for the post of chief committee of the CCS of the Russian Federation Sergey Surovikin. Photo: 42msd.livejournal

At the moment, Team-General Pavel Kuralenko is temporarily temporarily acting, First Deputy Commanded Deputy CCS. His, according to MK, is also considered as a successor. However, the main candidate is still considered, oddly enough, it is Sergey Surovikin.

If his appointment takes place, it will become a real sensation: the general-official general - the head of the VKS - this has not yet been in history modern Russia. However, it should be borne in mind that Surovikin is considered one of the most experienced and combat generals. He commanded not only the district, but also by our military group in Syria, where the experience of managing heterogeneous forces was also combined, when cosmic forces and air defense facilities, and aviation, and various ground structures were combined in a single integrated system.

And then I would like to recall that such appointments - when the commander is prescribed to a non-core family or the type of troops, it is usually suggested that in this structure it is necessary to restore order. And this should do it a person who is not burdened by official and friendly connections in this way or the form of troops and capable of experienced problems there is a fresh, unleasible look.

So, in 1987, after a loud history with a span and landing of the German fan pilot, Matias Rusta on Red Square, large organizing events were held in the army. Then the Commander of the Army, Ivan Moiseevich, is appointed Commander of the air defense of the air defense. He was remembered as a person engaged in the arrangement of military towns throughout the country, which turned out to be very useful for air defense servicemen, although it was not directly related to the tasks of combat training.

But now, when the tasks of combat training are in priority, the candidacy for the post of Commander-in-law VKS, according to our sources, is considered exclusively with these positions. And here about other candidates for this position also speak as exclusively well-deserved military leaders.

Lieutenant-General Igor Makushev was held all the ladded steps of the career ladder - from a simple fighter pilot to the deputy commander of the air army. In 1985, he graduated from the Chernigov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots, and in 2006 - the Academy of General Staff. He is a Sniper pilot and has a raid over 3000 hours. Many people remember at the press conferences of the Military Office in 2014, where he represented the materials of the Ministry of Defense associated with the death of Malaysian Boeing 777 over the Donbass.

Another candidate in Glavashoma - Colonel-General Alexander Golovko - also graduated from the Academy of General Staff in 2003. The service was held in positions from the department of the department, the head of the station, commander of the company, the head of the department, the head of the department at the main center of testing and management of space means named after GS Titov to the commander of the Space Forces.

Bondarev Viktor Nikolayevich - commander of the 899 Guards Orsha twice the red-known Order of Suvorov 3rd degree of assault aviation regiment named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky 105th Mixed Aviation Division of the 16th Army Air Force and Air Defense, Colonel.

Born on December 7, 1959 in the village of Novobogoroditsky, now Petropavlovsky district of the Voronezh region. Russian. In 1977 he graduated high School in Novobogoroditsky.

From August 1977 - in the Air Forces of the USSR. In 1981 he graduated from the Borisoglebsk Higher Military Aviation School of Pilotchikov named after V.P. Chkalova. From 1981 he served in the 44th educational aviation regiment, which provided educational process Barnaul Higher Military Aviation School of Pilteers (Calmanca Station of the Altai Territory): A pilot instructor, senior pilot, link commander. In 1989, aimed at studying the Academy.

In 1992 he graduated from the Team Faculty of the Yu.A. Air Academy Gagarin. Since 1992, he served in the Borisoglebsk training center for the preparation of a flying lineup: Senior Navigator, squadron commander. Then he served as a commander of the assault aviation squadron, deputy commander, and from September 1996 to October 2000 - the commander of the 899th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment of the 105th Mixed Aviation Division of the 16th Army Air Force and Air Definition, stationed at the military airfield of Busturlinovka in Voronezh Areas.

Participant of hostilities in the North Caucasus region during the first and second Chechen wars. In the first Chechen war made over 100 combat departures. In December 1994, during the storming of the positions of Dudayevsev, the flight of one of the shelters of the shelf was shot down from the ground. Then V.N. Bondarev was suppressed by the anti-aircraft agents of militants and until the rescue helicopter arrives with the fire from the sky, the militants distilled the militants from the landing place of the pilot. During the second Chechen war, over 300 combat departures against illegal armed gangster formations were performed.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 709DSP dated April 21, 2000 for courage and heroism, manifested in the performance of military debt in conditions conjugate with risk for life, Colonel Bondarev Viktor Nikolayevich Awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation.

From November 2000 to 2002 - Deputy Commander of the 105th Mixed Aviation Division of the 16th Army Air Force and Air Defense (City of Voronezh). In 2004 he graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Since June 2004 - Commander of the 105th Mixed Aviation Division. Since May 2006 - Deputy Commander, and since June 2008 - Commander of the 14th Army Air Force and Air Defense (Novosibirsk).

From July 17, 2009 - Deputy Commander-in-Chief, from July 15, 2011 - Head of the Main Staff - First Deputy Commander-in-Chief, and from May 6, 2012 to August 1, 2015 - Commander-in-Chief of the Military air forces Russian Federation. From August 1, 2015 to September 26, 2017, the Commander-in-Chief of the Aircraft Forces of the Russian Federation.

Lighted aircraft L-29, MiG-21, SU-25 and others. It has a total tax over 3000 hours. Was allowed to flights during the day and at night, in any meteo conditions. May 9, 2015 during the aviation part of the military parade in Moscow to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War Pilotted the aircraft Tu-160.

September 26, 2017 released from office and fired with military service. Prior to this, on September 19, 2017, a member of the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation was appointed as a representative from the executive body of state authority of the Kirov region. September 27, 2017 approved as Chairman of the Committee of the Council of Defense and Security.

Lives and works in Moscow.

Military titles:
Major General (2005);
Lieutenant-General (9.08.2012);
Colonel-General (11.08.2014).

Awarded the orders of "For merit to the Fatherland" of the 4th degree (2016), courage (4.01.1995), "For the service of the motherland in Armed Forces USSR »3rd degree (1984), medals, including a medal of the Order" For Merit Before Fatherland "of the 2nd degree with swords (6.01.1995), as well as orders and medals of foreign countries.

Honored military pilot of the Russian Federation (2010).

Candidate of Technical Sciences.

Intended for the protection of centers, regions of the country (administrative, industrial and economic), groups of troops and important objects from the strikes of the enemy from air and space, ensuring the actions of the ground forces and the application of the opponent's aircraft, land and marine groupings, its administrative and political and Military-economic centers.

The main tasks of the Air Force in modern conditions are:

• an opening of the start of the air enemy attack;
• alert headquarters of the Armed Forces, headquarters of military districts, fleets, organs civil Defense On the beginning of the opponent's air attack;
• conquest and retention of domination in the air;
• covering troops and rear objects from aerial reconnaissance, blows from air and space;
• aircraft support for the land forces and fleet forces;
• defeat objects of the military-economic potential of the enemy;
• violation of military and state administration of the enemy;
• the defeat of rocket-nuclear, anti-aircraft and aviation groups of the enemy and its reserves, as well as air and sea assaults;
• defeat of the enemy's shipping groups in the sea, the ocean, on the naval bases, in ports and content points;
• emaching of military equipment and landing for troops;
• transportation by air troops and military equipment;
• maintaining strategic, operational and tactical air intelligence;
• control over the use of airspace in the border strip.

IN peaceful time Military air forces perform the tasks of protecting the state border of Russia in airspace, notify the flights of foreign intelligence apparatus in the border strip.

Air Force include the Air Army of the Supreme Communist Party of the Strategic Appointment and the Supreme Command of Military Transport Aviation; Moscow District Air Force and Air Defense; Army Air Force and Air Defense: Separate Air Force and Air Defense Corps.

The composition of the Air Force includes the following kind of troops (Fig. 1):

• aviation (the kind of aviation is bombarding, assault, fighter, anti-air defense, intelligence, transport and special);
• anti-aircraft rocket troops;
• radiotechnical troops;
• special troops;
• parts and rear institutions.

Bomber aviation It has long-term (strategic) and front-line (tactical) bombers of various types. It is intended to defeat the groups of troops, the destruction of important military, energy facilities and communications nodes mainly in the strategic and operational depth of the opponent's defense. The bomber can carry bombs of various calibers, both ordinary and nuclear, as well as controlled air-surface rockets.

Assault Aviation It is intended for aviation support for troops, lesions of the living force and objects mainly at the front edge, in the tactical and nearest operational depth of the enemy, as well as the combat control of the enemy's aircraft in the air.

Fig. 1. The structure of the Air Force

One of the basic requirements for the attack aircraft is a high accuracy of lesion of ground objects. Armament: large-caliber guns, bombs, jet shells.

Fighter aviation Air defense is the main maneuverable power of the air defense system and is intended to cover the most important directions and objects from the opponent's air attack. It is able to destroy the enemy on the maximum range from the defendant objects.

Air defense aircraft aircraft, combat helicopters, special and transport aircraft and helicopters consist of fighter-fighter aircraft.

Intelligence Aviation It is intended for airborne intelligence of the enemy, terrain and weather, can destroy the hidden objects of the enemy.

Intelligence flights can also be performed by bomber, fighter-bombarding, assault and fighter aircraft. To do this, they are specially equipped with day and night photography photographic equipment at various scales, radio and radar stations with high resolution, heat-controlling, sound recorder and television apparatus, magnetometers.

Intelligence aviation is divided into aviation of tactical, operational and strategic intelligence.

Transport aviation It is intended for transportation of troops, military equipment, weapons, ammunition, fuel, food, landing of air assaults, evacuation of wounded, patients, etc.

Special aviation Designed for long-range radar detection and guidance, refueling aircraft in the air, maintaining radio-electronic struggle, radiation, chemical and biological protection, ensuring management and communication, meteorological and technical support, saving crews that endure disaster, evacuation of the wounded and patients.

Anti-aircraft rocket troops Designed to protect the most important objects of the country and grouping of troops from the blows of the air enemy.

They constitute the basic fire force of the air defense system (air defense) and armed with anti-aircraft missile complexes and anti-aircraft missile systems for various purposes with large firing power and high accuracy of the enemy air attack.

Radiotechnical troops - The main source of information about the air opponent and are intended to maintain its radar intelligence, controlling the flights of its aviation and compliance with aircraft of all the agencies of the use of airspace.

They issue information about the start of the air attack, combat information for anti-aircraft rocket forces and air defense aviation, as well as information for controlling compounds, parts and units of air defense.

Radiotechnical troops are armed with radar stations and radar complexes capable of at any time of the year and day, regardless of meteorological conditions and interference, detect not only air, but also surface targets.

Communication Parts and Divisions Designed to deploy and operate communication systems in order to ensure control of troops in all types of combat activities.

Parts and units of the radio electronic struggle Designed for interference with onboard radar, bombing, bombing, communications and radio navigation of the enemy air attack.

Parts and units of communication and radio engineeringdesigned to ensure the management of aviation parts and units, aircraft, take-off and planting aircraft and helicopters.

Parts and units of engineering troops, as well as Parts and units of radiation, chemical and biological protectiondesigned to perform the most complex tasks of engineering and chemical support, respectively.

In service with Air Force, the Tu-160 aircraft (Fig. 2), Tu-22MZ, TU-95MS, SU-24, Su-34, MiG-29, MiG-27, MiG-31 of different modifications are consisting (Fig. 3), Su -25, SU-27, SU-39 (Fig. 4), MiG-25R, SU-24MP, A-50 (Fig. 5), An-12, An-22, An-26, An-124, Il -76, IL-78; Mi-8 helicopters, Mi-24, Mi-17, Mi-26, Ka-31, Ka-52 (Fig. 6), Ka-62; Anti-aircraft missile systems C-200, C-300, C-300PM (Fig. 7), C-400 "Triumph", radar stations and opponent complexes, "Sky-y", "Gam- Ma de" , Gamma-C1, Casta-2.

Fig. 2. Strategic supersonic tu-160 bomber rocket-bomber: wingspan - 35.6 / 55.7 m; Length - 54.1 m; Height - 13.1 m; Maximum takeoff mass - 275 tons; Maximum combat load - 45 t; Cruising speed - 960 km / h; range - 7300 km; ceiling - 18000 m; Armament - rockets, bombs (including nuclear); Crew - 4 people

Fig. 3. Multi-purpose fighter MiG-31F / FZ: wing span - 13.46 m; Length - 22.67 m; Height - 6.15 m; Maximum takeoff mass - 50,000 kg; Cruising speed - 2450 km / h; range - 3000 km; Action combat radius - 650 km; ceiling - 20,000 m; Armament - 23-mm six-power gun (260 ammunition, rapidity - 8000 shots / min); battle load - 9000 kg (ur, bombs); Crew - 2 people

Fig. 4. Stormware Su-39: wing span - 14.52 m; Length - 15.33 m; Height - 5.2 m; Maximum speed at the Earth - 2450 km / h; range - 1850 km; ceiling - 18,000 m; Armament - 30 mm gun; Combat load - 4500 kg (PTRT from the Ptur. PCR, NUR, R. Bombs - Ordinary, Involve, Cassette, Nuclear)

Fig. 5. Far radar detection and control of A-50: wing span - 50.5 m; Length - 46.59 m; height - 14.8 m; Mass normal takeoff - 190,000 kg; Maximum cruising speed - 800 km / h; range - 7500 km; ceiling - 12000 m; Object detection range: Air - 240 km, surface - 380 km; Crew - 5 people + 10 people tactical calculation

Fig. 6. Warm shock helicopter Ka-52 "Alligator": diameter of the carrier screw - 14.50 m; The length with rotating screws is 15.90 m; Maximum weight - 10,400 kg; ceiling - 5500 m; range - 520 km; Armament - 30-mm gun with a 100-chained ammunition; combat load - 2000 kg on 4 suspension nodes (Ptti, unified containers with machine-gun and cannon weapons, Nur, UR); Crew - 2 people

Fig. 7. Anti-aircraft missile system C-300-PM: affected targets - aircraft, winged and tactical missiles of all types; The lesion zone is a distance of 5-150 km, the height is 0.025-28 km; the number of simultaneously affected goals is up to 6; The number of simultaneously inspired missiles on target - 12; The time of readiness for combat work with march - 5 min

The Ukrainian Air Force was created in 2004, which was then united by military forces and air defense troops. If we talk about the number of the Air Force, then today it is only 45,200 people, but it concerns the presence of combat vehicles, they are numbered only 210 combat aircraft and about 50 cargo. In 2016, the Ukrainian Army replenished its combat reserve thanks to the partner investments of other countries, including the United States and European countries.

After the collapse of the USSR occurred, Ukraine remained with a big dowry. Many experts suggest that the airframe that remained in Ukraine was modern. A country that at that time only claimed the title of regional powers, could have been completely protected with such a technique. It is even confidently to say that in the state initially had a technique, which would not carefully come in handy, for example, this is the Tu-160 and Tu-22, in Ukraine there were approximately 80 units after decay.

How were air force created?

For the first time on the creation of the Air Force, the decision was made on March 17, 1992, at that time the air force management team was only formed, and it was all in the city of Vinnitsa on the basis of the 24th Army. In the history of statehood, only four air armies were registered, which included 10 divisions, 50 aviation regiments, 11 wonderful squadrines, and, of course, institutions for learning a military case. The commander of the Air Force of Ukraine was chosen later, whose subordination was 600 parts, 2,200 units of transport of various purposes, as well as 121,000 military.

Armament of the Air Force

Initially, air forces consisted of three armies, which included 1,100 combat aircraft of various purposes:

• In service there were fighters that managed two divisions of eight regiments. From the technology, MiG 23, in the amount of 80 aircraft, MIG 29 - 220 units of equipment and Su-27, which were totaling only 40 units.
• Armament of the Ukrainian Air Force consisted of two divisions of five regiments with front bombers, the number of which was 150 aircraft of this species, also had far aviationBut it was listed in another division of three regiments.

• In Ukraine, intelligence aviation was granted great importance, so there were three regiments and 87 units of equipment.

It should be noted that the whole technique went to Ukraine after the collapse of the USSR, after which the Air Force had to worry about the best times, since from the most powerful army The Air Force in Europe remained little of the strength that was previously, but with all this, the army still exists.

Structure of the Air Force

The Air Force of Ukraine has their own structure:

• First of all, there is an aviation, which consists of tactical and transport.
• The contrary defense with anti-aircraft troops and radio engineering specialized units is also a special place.
• ATTENTION AND SPECIAL TAILS.

It is this structure that ensures the security of the state in the direction of the country's air force.

What is the tactical aviation?

Tactical aircraft includes several areas where various Air Force Airplanes are present.

Bombarding aircraft is the basis of the air force, as its main direction is to destroy the grouping of troops in their bases, and it is precisely with the help of this technique that the military industrial facilities of enemies can be destroyed and enter the tactical objects.

The assault aviation is also the basis of security, since the purpose of using these troops is to penetrate the enemy rear into the destruction of military equipment and units.

Fighter aviation is perfect for the fight against the enemy in the air and can easily hit aircraft, helicopters, UAV and even some winged rockets.

Intelligence Aviation is used to collect information at the opponent's base.

RAB aviation is radioactive protection in airspace.

Why do you need transport aviation and anti-air defense?

The Air Force of Ukraine has at their disposal and transport aviation. Of course, it is not developed at such a high level as tactical, but is considered to be a mandatory addition. The fact is that transport aviation allows the troops to land, carry servicemen and provide them with different material products from the air. As for the air defense, everything is extremely simple, with the help of anti-aircraft missile and radio engineering troops there is an opportunity to protect themselves from an air attack.

What is the essence of the special aircraft troops?

Role special forces In Ukraine, quite large. It is important to remember that military units, specialized divisions, engineering troops of chemical and biological protection - all this is also included in the Ukrainian Air Force. The number of their large and it is here that there are specialized parts for material, technical, medical support, as well as the press bodies of the military industry.

Command of the Air Force

In the entire history of the formation of the Air Force of Ukraine, the composition of the command changed only a few times:

• Colonel Toropchin Anatoly Yakovlevich, who stayed in this post for only three years, was the first air force commander of the Air Force, from 2004 to 2007.
• Rusnak Ivan Stepanovich came to replace the Toropchin, who has spent the rank of commander from 2007 to 2010.
• Next, the commander became the wrong Colonel-General Onishchenko Sergei Ivanovich, in this position he stayed until 2012.
• Baydak Yuri Avramovich, control of the Air Force Army from 2012 to 2015, became the next receiver.

• Now the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force is Drozdov Sergey Semenovich, who took over this position in 2015.

What is the formation of the Air Force

To date, something defined about the composition of the Air Force of Ukraine is difficult, since many facts for a number of reasons are classified, but there are data on divisions that exist until today:

1. Air command "West".
2. Air Force Center.
3. Air Force "South".

All these commands are located in such cities of Ukraine as Vinnitsa, Kharkov, Nikolaev, Kiev and Odessa.

What is the aircraft in service today?

Today in Ukraine there are not so many military equipment as it was after the collapse of the USSR. The state of the Air Force of Ukraine is deplorable, and the weapon, which is available, has long been outdated or requires careful repair. Consider the main types of aircraft that are currently in Ukraine:

1. Air Force consists of only one CAPP.
2. Su-27 today is in the number of 20 cars.
3. MiG-29 is in the amount of 80 cars.
4. Su-24 - 22 cars.
5. Su-24MR is only 11 cars.
6. Su-25 is in the amount of 14 cars.

During the armed conflict in the Donbas, Ukraine suffered losses in aircraft, therefore it will be more correct to assume that the above number has changed a bit.

Sale of aviation equipment in Ukraine

Ukraine not only has aviation, but there are all possibilities for producing aircraft, and then export them to other countries. To date, there are a number of aircraft, helicopters and UAVs, which were removed from weapons from the Air Force of Ukraine. The amount of such equipment is growing every day, as additional material assistance is required to maintain the state's army, as a rule, are sold far from the worst samples, and a technique that has no such great wear. Of course, additional income is good, but it must be remembered that the country's defense capability is also significantly reduced. The largest transactions for the sale of aircraft can be considered:

1. For sale Algeria almost 30 Mi-24 helicopters, this transaction took place in 1999.
2. In 2000, Ukraine sold 6 MiG-27 Sri Lanka, the aircraft were in excellent condition, since not only inspection passed, but also complete re-equipment.
3. In 2001, 17 Mi-24 and Mi-8 helicopters went to Macedonia.
4. The largest export of technology was performed in 2012, when 231 military aircraft and a helicopter were sold. Among this technique were completely new exhibits, all other aircraft were in service with the Air Force.

What changes will be in the Air Force in 2017?

In 2017, Ukraine plans to increase his fighting opportunities, while the main part of funds should enroll that the aviation began to develop. It is planned not only to purchase new combat vehicles, but also to repair those that are already in service. The program includes upgrading and repair 60 aircraft and helicopters. Special attention is planned to be paid to radio engineering troops, for this it will be necessary to purchase special techniques for communicating and providing radio engineering. According to the reports of last year, it is possible to say that the armament of the Air Force of Ukraine has already been replenished. The photo of the SU-25 aircraft vehicles is even on the Internet, while it is indicated that modernized combat vehicles were able to get a new provision that allows not only to keep defense, but also to use specially installed protection against infrared homing missiles. Su-25 can also boast satellite navigation, air signal system, as well as modern meters.

Saying that the military air forces of Ukraine will change for the better, because today the state has no money to carry out modernization and improve the equipment, while Ukraine does not even have money to keep the technique that already available at the proper level. If some purchases of new cars will be made, they will not be quite high quality, most likely it will be aircraftspurchased in China, and, as you know, that technique is significantly inferior in its quality even by European counterparts. Specialists from Ukraine are very carefully monitored by all new products and are trying to find partners with whom it would be possible to work together on new projects in the field of aviation. The little potential in this direction in the state has, for example, there are "Antonov" and "Motor Sich" enterprises, which help to upgrade outdated techniques. How will it all be in the future, you can only assume, but so far there are no big changes in the prospects, and the economic situation that develops now, on the contrary, exacerbates the possibility of replenishing military potential.