Saying famous people about the Cossacks. We will shift the word about the Trans-Baikal Cossacks. Van Qiang and Huhhanye

Essays on the history of the Cossacks of Don and the Lower Volga. "The border spawned the Cossacks, and the Cossacks created Russia." L.N. Tolstoy Volgograd region is the cradle of three Cossack troops: Donskoy, Astrakhan and Volzhsky. Each Cossack troops has its own way, their own story, but a lot and in common. The Russian Cossacks played an outstanding role in the formation, territorial expansion, protection and strengthening of the Russian state. For a centuries-old history, the Cossacks did a huge creative work, filled with numerous exploits and victories, as well as adversities and losses that dropped into heroic and tragic fate Russian Cossacks. As a special ethnocultural community, the Cossacks managed to create a unique system of organization and management, which was based on democratic principles of democratic principles. The experience of the Cossack Public Being is great value and worthy of deep and long study. In the chronological sequence, this publication includes the most important historical periods and events of formation, development, decline and the new revival of the ethnocultural generality of the Cossacks within the country and the Volgograd region. Therefore, the presentation of local material is given in close linking with the history of the Russian state. On specific historical events and examples showing an outstanding role of Cossack societies and individual personalities In the ministry of the Fatherland, the military-patriotic traditions of the Cossacks of Don and the Lower Volga, the richest reservoir of the spiritual culture, life and the way of life of the Cossacks from the origin to this day are illuminated. The study of the history of the Cossacks of the native Territory in the time frame of the I part of the essays is designed to ensure the formation of young people, including the Cossack, feelings of patriotism, love for the Fatherland, tolerance, respect for the history and culture of all ethnic groups of Russia, to strengthen friendship and cooperation between the peoples of our country. The publication includes the introduction and eight chapters, as well as a list of references used in the preparation of the benefit and recommended for further study of the history of the Cossacks. After each chapter formulated questions and tasks aimed at securing the material passed, strengthening cognitive activity Pupils by attracting additional sources to study, including archival documentary, Cossack folklore, artwork and live certificates. In all chapters of the publication, the authors sought to pay special attention to personalities, bring them a brief biographical certificate, give an explanation of incomprehensible words and terms, illustrate the presentation of the material with the corresponding cards. The publication is intended primarily for students of young people, as well as for all interested history of the Cossacks. These essays represent the I part covering historic period The origin of the Cossacks of Don and the Lower Volga is notacuated by the events of the I World War. I. Tolstopyatov, K.I.N, Doc., Fall. Worker RSFSR

According to the role of the Cossacks in the life of the Russian state, commander of the royal army, historians, writers, political figures who lived in emigration. The statements are taken from the book "Cossacks. The thoughts of contemporaries about the past, present and the future of the Cossacks ", published by the" Cossack Union "in Paris in 1928.

A. P. Bogaevsky, Don Ataman, Lieutenant-General of the Tsarist Army.

... Personally, I, Natural Don Cossack, with pride I remember the glorious past of the Cossacks relative to me and cheerfully, with a bright hope I think about his future.The phenomenon of exclusively Russian historical life, which was not in any state of the world, - Cossacks from the rivest Wolitsa, boldly fantastic with the militant neighbors, gradually turns into an inseparable part of the Russian state, but with a special, way of life and its customs, and becomes faithful knight Russia.Of course, not all in his past was good. There were times when the Donctions, Urals and other Cossacks are a lot of trouble and trouble delivered to the Russian government ...However, all this did not prevent the Cossacks in the grave days of Russia's life to give it not to protect all their strength.Bright examples of this - the polls (from 17 years) participation in Patriotic War 1812 of the Don Troops, exposing over 50,000 fighters, of which died to 20,000; in Crimean war - 82,000; in Great War - Up to 300,000 people, and the voltage of the Cossack troops in this war was so great that, for example, Kuban, in 1916, was no longer able to expose the Cossacks ...Whatever future power in Russia, Cossack troops will exist. Common sense suggests that the state needs such a healthy, cheerful population accustomed to the order. Cossacks will obey all the new power, which will give order and the opportunity to easily work. It is not going to separate from Russia at all and form its fantastic Cossack republics, as some of our "self-like" dream about it. Cossacks well understand that, in addition to moral grounds, such a department will cause an infinite number of all complications not only in intercourse with Russia, which Cossacks cannot consider someone else's power, but also inside the troops when they have to count on their strength.But at the same time, the ready to serve Russia, as the inseparable part of it, the Cossacks have the right to the internal self-government and the liberation of it from the exceptional guardianship, which manifested itself before the revolution in such, sometimes strange forms, such as the closure of Cossack educational institutions In the 1980s.With his elected circle and elected from their Cossacks Ataman, each army will quickly reach full order and well-being ...

A. I. Denikin, Lieutenant-General of the Tsarist Army

1) In the old days, the Cossacks were a reliable stronghold of Russian state borders on a wild field, in Caucasian tesns, in Siberian expanses and conductor there are Russian power there. Cossack Volnitsa delivered a lot of hassle "Moscow" (central governments) and even entered with her in armed clashes. But this inner inter part, caused, in addition to the causes of socio-economic, non-harmony centralization, from above and unlimited sometimes freedom, does not diminish, however, that important historical grew, which the Cossacks played in the addition of the Russian state.2) In the later history of Russia, the Cossacks are incorporated, established. It lives on the lands of the prisoners, away from the theaters of wars, in conditions of the life of everywhere of the life of the life, firmly established economic defendant and famous welfare. These circumstances did Cossacks less susceptible to revolutionary ideas. After all, and in the old days they risen more puzzled, and not the domain Cossacks. And the Cossacks were honest, not knowing desertion, pollest military serviceBy participating in all wars led by Russia. And in the inner life, it was not the "blind gun in the hands of the government," as the radical public believed, and the conscious state-guardian beginning.3) With the beginning of the revolution, the Cossacks were confused. "To go against the people" it did not want, and the people "Monday". Hence - oscillations, transitions, falls ...4) In these troubled years, the Cossack Massa never also showed the desire for separation from Russia. Cossack Starin did not get along with the communal elements - it's true. Both sides are one in defending state interests, the other - Cossack Valivity, - crossed the boundaries of the required. But only a part of the Cossack Rights was sickly sickly - some delusions, others - selflessly. Such ideas like "Kubans are an independent branch of the Slavic tribe" ... or about the "independent Cossack nation", they were born in the people of mourn head or with a sales conscience and did not have, they cannot have a response in the Cossack mass, conscious of the blood and to the bones of Russian .5) The future of the Cossacks seems to be in this form.The state will release the Cossacks from the carrying of excessive burden, but also does not give them to special privileges against the other sons. This last circumstance is not scary to the Cossacks, since the future of the Russian state is thinking as regional, on the basis of the abstractness of power and wide local autonomy. If on cultural and economic conditions the limits of autonomy will be different, then the Cossacks that inhabit solid territories are entitled to the most favorable conditions of self-government. Within it, no doubt, the Cossacks will freely maintain those forms of power, management, households and life, which are consecrated by the historical tradition and Him with Luba.

N. D. Avksentyev, former Minister of Temporary Government.

... attachment to the forms of their public household, its self-government - the result of the habit of self-government and the ability to appreciate and use it. Attraction to self-organization. Ability, perseverance, resourcefulness and ability to adapt to new conditions, without refusing, however, from its individual or national. Finally, the large, interior love for his small homeland is the Cossack regions, combined with love for the Motherland big - to Russia.I know, of course, about the movement of self-sufficiency among the Cossacks, I know about the disagreements between some groups, and about certain failures in the landing on land. But despite this, for most Cossacks, I consider it true to my characteristic ...

MA Aldanov, Russian Writer.

... the concept of the Cossack and in itself is not quite definitely. If I'm not mistaken, in Russia existed (and exist?) 11 of the Cossack troops - nor in anthropological terms, nor in a service-than-noar, nor even in everyday life they constitute a homogeneous whole.The future of the Cossacks, of course, is closely related to the future of Russia. It does not have to prove it: very rarely strike out from history - century.The excellent feature of the Cossacks, about which you mention and, due to which the Cossacks were called free, is together and the strongest, and weak side ...

N. I. Astrov, public figure.

Cossacks are a peculiar phenomenon of Russian history. This is a kind of effective force who participated in the construction of the Russian state ...But together with the Russian people, as an inseparable part of him, it created his borders, being a border stronghold of the Russian Earth, not only colonimalized his distant outskirts, and, together with the Russian people, created the economic welfare and power of Russia.Whatever cunning conjectures and deserted intricacies in our gloomy days in large and small foreign and, to the shame of our Russian political cuisines, no matter how eager demagogues and traitors to tear the Cossacks from Russia, proclaiming him by the special Cossack people, the creative participation of the Cossacks in The history of Russia is imprinted by blood. And this stamp is forever. Its "fire will not melt, no water" ...The fate of the Cossacks is the fate of the Russian people. And the more closely there will be interaction between them, the stronger the organic and spiritual connection, the sooner this fate will change and will clarify. Moreover, freecarriage will arise in free Russia.Throughout a long history, Cossacks not only served as a state. It fought for his favorite ideals of equality and self-government, which did not exercise in general state orders ...The path to deliverance is not in separatism, not in the dismemberment of Russia and in the implementation began to be true democracy. Under these conditions, the exercise of old covenants will find themselves in the expensive dreams of free Cossacks.

A.F. Kerensky, former chairman of the Provisional Government.

... In the future, internal free and federal Russia will not have any reasons to psychological alienation between the individual household groups of the Russian people.Including Cossacks in the concept of the Russian people, I do not attend the peculiar identity of the Cossack regions. The variety of local political and social entities only enriches the All-Russian culture, multiplies the creative opportunities of the people and the state is fastened.It is quite natural that in the new conditions of free domestic state construction, the Cossacks within its regions will erase the line between themselves and the so-called nonresident. After all, some local estate-military pre-revolutionary "privileges" only covered the exclusive military burrs that carried the Cossacks and who actually cut the economic power of him in the root ...

A. A. Kismetter, a former member of the State Duma, Historian, Professor.

Two conditions seem necessary to ensure that Russian Cossacks amounted to the fruitful element in the process of the internal dispensation of future Russia:

1. 
   Future Russian state power will have to build political unity. Russia is not a suppression of local characteristics of individual regions of the state, but on the development of their internal amateur activities. Therefore, the Cossack region will have to preserve the historically established peculiarity of their lifefall.


2. 
   The Cossacks itself should not be reversed in its environment with two fraught hazardous consequences:

a) the idealization of the whole historical past, in which there were far from the "beginning of equality and fraternity", but also a pronounced social struggle between the upper and lower layers of the Cossacks with all the inevitable consequences of such social dismissal and inequality also affected.

b) the desire to break the historical tradition, which consisted in the fact that the Cossacks always thought of themselves with an integral element of community statehood and its self-propelled self-defense against external enemies; This genuine historical tradition is now distorted by those representatives of the Cossacks, which, in favor of self-sufficient trends and a contrary to the historical truth, nominated the theories that the Cossacks have a special nation, separate from the Russian people.Respect for genuine historical traditions that are not distorted in the coating of biased trends, in conjunction with sober political realism - this is what can serve as the only reliable key to further succeed in the Cossacks, as one of the independent cells of the Russian state body.

General P. P. Scoropadsky, former Hetman of Ukraine.

... Unfortunately, in the spontaneous times, flows are replete with flows pushing to straighten and to destroy the present in the name of the past or the future. These currents, negative inherently give us a victory to the third ... But the formula "independence and the union", which laid in 1918 by the cornerstone of the agreement of independent Ukrainians with the Vereviki Donskoy Donskoy, did not lose its importance. On the contrary. The last and present indicate that all those who want to avoid new shocks, bloodshed and fratricide in the future should be bowed to this formula, for it gives breadth and flexibility for the organic resolution of national, economic, social and political antagonisms on the basics of friendly allocations and thereby Promotes the voltage of energies towards creativity, not destruction.Only this path, directed beyond extremes, can lead to community and elaboration between neighbors ...

P. B. Struve, Academician, public and politician.

For someone in meaningfully peering in the history of Russia - Russia, there is no question of whether the Cossacks have justified their being as special and peculiar strength.Cossack Volnitsa played a twofold role in Russia's history.First, as the only freestyle force in the rest of Russia, as the only free "world" in the Great Russian Sea of \u200b\u200b"worlds".So it was before the liberation of Russia, which began in 1762 and completed on its basis in 1861.Secondly, as the world or worlds are freely organized, their liberty assembled into certain military fraternities among the rest of the free sprayed romance of the Russian people - Cossacks, or, more precisely, the Cossacks were and remain the only phenomenon in Russian political reality. Cossacks are not the essence of the state and at the same time they are not just free community chance and temporarily descended by the historical wind of the dustpieces of the people.In the future, the state construction of the Great Russia of the Cossacks (I deliberately use the multiple number) is stronger than before, I will define, it is necessary to think my state character and at the same time, becoming more self-defined ("autonomous"), it is also brighter to discover its original nature. Wolitsa.How it will happen, no one can say, but all Russian Cossacks and non-zakas, it is necessary to understand and think over the great historical value at the same time the living value of the Cossacks. Cossacks have a great past, but he has the future, and is a great calling in this future.

MM Fedorov, former minister (before the revolution).

... The Cossacks were one of the main towers and conductors of Russian culture, the Russian language, Russian statehood, and in this sense, the historical role is indisputable. Both free, and serve the Cossacks have always carried Russia. The Great Trials of the Great Test Cossacks in their most remained the faithful Russian state idea and defended Russian state unity ...

A. I. Kookin, Russian writer.

Let my eyes do not see the happiness of Russia, but just like it is unshakable I believe in the coming health and renewal of the Great Russia, I believe in the future inseparable connection of the Cossacks with her. For this, the century of general history, common wars, a common religion, common interests, common language. I confess: the boundary, private interests and the question of the shape of the fraternal union are for me in the second plan. I only know that the Cossack will never come to rave about self-peculiarity, prompted by artificial chauvinism and a naught spoon. An old beautiful formula is valuable for me: "We caulate, Belokamena Moscow, and we are the Cossacks, in the quiet Don."For our descendants, the Cossack liberty will be covered. Justice requires to say that the government of pre-revolutionary times was not particularly careful with them, even remembered the former troubles and disturbing years. But the union with a free man is stronger than the union with a man of ancient one ...

A. S. Lukomsky, Lieutenant-General of the Tsarist Army.

Cossacks have blood from the blood, flesh from the flesh of the Russian people. In it, often in exacerbated form is reflected both positive and negative features of the nature of the people who highlighted the Cossacks from their environment.Cossack history There is a history of expanding the Russian state, its strengthening and its construction. Having played an exceptional role in its importance in the expansion of Russia, Cossacks at the same time, in all periods of life of Russia, both with external complications and during the periods of internal resources, almost always a selfless devotion to the general homeland helped overcome the impending disasters and contributed to the strengthening of the central state power.

P. N. Milyukov, former Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Government, Historian, Professor.

... the strength of the "wide beginnings of the absenteeism, fraternity, equality" specified in the "questionnaire". Obviously, these features will have to strengthen and develop in Democratic-Republican Russia. And it is only possible to rejoice that these principles who separate them from the old Russia live in the minds of the Cossacks and make it easier for them to transition to Russia. The "weak" parties of the Cossacks, I think, generally with such parties to communional life. The nature of the class privilege separating the Cossacks from other groups of the population, the insufficient culture of the agricultural mass, which is peculiar to this level of vice enlightenment, which has not passed from the instinct into consciousness, a sense of solidarity, both local and all-Russian, is not threatened by the further existence of the Cossacks, but is subject to Mitigating and eliminating in the situation of the national development, which will be given new Russia.... It is also impossible to subordinate the life interests of the Cossacks party, political trends, whose supporters argue approximately as:- Cossacks have a class, it became, for its existence, a class unit is needed, and therefore the monarchy needs.We will not argue, whether the Cossacks are estimated. But their history is not at all easy. There were Cossacks without monarchs. And there are monarchies without Cossacks. And if the monarchist is able to think state, he must come to the same conclusions that are mandatory for the state-thinking Republican ...

A. P. Bogaevsky, Don Ataman, Lieutenant-General of the Tsarist Army.

... Personally, I, Natural Don Cossack, with pride I remember the glorious past of the Cossacks relative to me and cheerfully, with a bright hope I think about his future.
The phenomenon of exclusively Russian historical life, which was not in any state of the world, - Cossacks from the rivest Wolitsa, boldly fantastic with the militant neighbors, gradually turns into an inseparable part of the Russian state, but with a special, way of life and its customs, and becomes faithful knight Russia.
Of course, not all in his past was good. There were times when the Donctions, Urals and other Cossacks are a lot of trouble and trouble delivered to the Russian government ...
However, all this did not prevent the Cossacks in the grave days of Russia's life to give it not to protect all their strength.
The bright examples of this - the midstock (from 17 years) participation in the Patriotic War of 1812 of the Don Troops, exposing over 50,000 fighters, of which until 20,000 died; In the Crimean War - 82,000; In the Great War - up to 300,000 people, and the tension of the Cossack troops in this war was so great that, for example, Kuban, in 1916, was no longer able to expose Cossacks ...
Whatever future power in Russia, Cossack troops will exist. Common sense suggests that the state needs such a healthy, cheerful population accustomed to the order. Cossacks will obey all the new power, which will give order and the opportunity to easily work. It is not going to separate from Russia at all and form its fantastic Cossack republics, as some of our "self-like" dream about it. Cossacks well understand that, in addition to moral grounds, such a department will cause an infinite number of all complications not only in intercourse with Russia, which Cossacks cannot consider someone else's power, but also inside the troops when they have to count on their strength.
But at the same time, the ready to serve Russia, as the inseparable part of it, the Cossacks have the right to the internal self-government and the release of it from the exceptional guardianship, which manifested itself before the revolution in such, sometimes strange forms, such as the closure of Cossack educational institutions in the 80- x year.
With his elected circle and elected from their Cossacks Ataman, each army will quickly reach full order and well-being ...
____________

A. I. Denikin, Lieutenant-General of the Tsarist Army

1) In the old days, the Cossacks were a reliable stronghold of Russian state borders on a wild field, in Caucasian tesns, in Siberian expanses and conductor there are Russian power there. Cossack Volnitsa delivered a lot of hassle "Moscow" (central governments) and even entered with her in armed clashes. But this inner inter part, caused, in addition to the causes of socio-economic, non-harmony centralization, from above and unlimited sometimes freedom, does not diminish, however, that important historical grew, which the Cossacks played in the addition of the Russian state.
2) In the later history of Russia, the Cossacks are incorporated, established. It lives on the lands of the prisoners, away from the theaters of wars, in conditions of the life of everywhere of the life of the life, firmly established economic defendant and famous welfare. These circumstances did Cossacks less susceptible to revolutionary ideas. After all, and in the old days they risen more puzzled, and not the domain Cossacks. And the Cossacks were honest, not knowing desertion, the livestock military service, participating in all wars under Russia. And in the inner life, it was not the "blind gun in the hands of the government," as the radical public believed, and the conscious state-guardian beginning.
3) With the beginning of the revolution, the Cossacks were confused. "To go against the people" it did not want, and the people "Monday". Hence - oscillations, transitions, falls ...
4) In these troubled years, the Cossack Massa never also showed the desire for separation from Russia. Cossack Starin did not get along with the communal elements - it's true. Both sides are one in defending state interests, the other - Cossack Valivity, - crossed the boundaries of the required. But only a part of the Cossack Rights was sickly sickly - some delusions, others - selflessly. Such ideas like "Kubans are an independent branch of the Slavic tribe" ... or about the "independent Cossack nation", they were born in the people of mourn head or with a sales conscience and did not have, they cannot have a response in the Cossack mass, conscious of the blood and to the bones of Russian .
5) The future of the Cossacks seems to be in this form.
The state will release the Cossacks from the carrying of excessive burden, but also does not give them to special privileges against the other sons. This last circumstance is not scary to the Cossacks, since the future of the Russian state is thought of as regional, on the basis of the dispersal of power and wide local autonomy. If on cultural and economic conditions the limits of autonomy will be different, then the Cossacks that inhabit solid territories are entitled to the most favorable conditions of self-government. Within it, no doubt, the Cossacks will freely maintain those forms of power, management, households and life, which are consecrated by the historical tradition and Him with Luba.
_______________

N. D. Avksentyev, former Minister of Temporary Government.

... attachment to the forms of their public household, its self-government - the result of the habit of self-government and the ability to appreciate and use it. Attraction to self-organization. Ability, perseverance, resourcefulness and ability to adapt to new conditions, without refusing, however, from its individual or national. Finally, the large, interior love for his small homeland is the Cossack regions, combined with love for the Motherland big - to Russia.
I know, of course, about the movement of self-sufficiency among the Cossacks, I know about the disagreements between some groups, and about certain failures in the landing on land. But despite this, for most Cossacks, I consider it true to my characteristic ...
_______________

MA Aldanov, Russian Writer.

... the concept of the Cossack and in itself is not quite definitely. If I'm not mistaken, in Russia existed (and exist?) 11 of the Cossack troops - nor in anthropological terms, nor in a service-than-noar, nor even in everyday life they constitute a homogeneous whole.
The future of the Cossacks, of course, is closely related to the future of Russia. It does not have to prove it: very rarely strike out from history - century.
The excellent feature of the Cossacks, about which you mention and, due to which the Cossacks were called free, is together and the strongest, and weak side ...
______________

N. I. Astrov, public figure.

Cossacks are a peculiar phenomenon of Russian history. This is a kind of effective force who participated in the construction of the Russian state ...
But together with the Russian people, as an inseparable part of him, it created his borders, being a border stronghold of the Russian Earth, not only colonimalized his distant outskirts, and, together with the Russian people, created the economic welfare and power of Russia.
Whatever cunning conjectures and deserted intricacies in our gloomy days in large and small foreign and, to the shame of our Russian political cuisines, no matter how eager demagogues and traitors to tear the Cossacks from Russia, proclaiming him by the special Cossack people, the creative participation of the Cossacks in The history of Russia is imprinted by blood. And this stamp is forever. Its "fire will not melt, no water" ...
The fate of the Cossacks is the fate of the Russian people. And the more closely there will be interaction between them, the stronger the organic and spiritual connection, the sooner this fate will change and will clarify. Moreover, freecarriage will arise in free Russia.
Throughout a long history, Cossacks not only served as a state. It fought for his favorite ideals of equality and self-government, which did not exercise in general state orders ...
The path to deliverance is not in separatism, not in the dismemberment of Russia and in the implementation began to be true democracy. Under these conditions, the exercise of old covenants will find themselves in the expensive dreams of free Cossacks.
_______________

A.F. Kerensky, former chairman of the Provisional Government.

... In the future, internal free and federal Russia will not have any reasons to psychological alienation between the individual household groups of the Russian people.
Including Cossacks in the concept of the Russian people, I do not attend the peculiar identity of the Cossack regions. The variety of local political and social entities only enriches the All-Russian culture, multiplies the creative opportunities of the people and the state is fastened.
It is quite natural that in the new conditions of free domestic state construction, the Cossacks within its regions will erase the line between themselves and the so-called nonresident. After all, some local estate-military pre-revolutionary "privileges" only covered the exclusive military burrs that carried the Cossacks and who actually cut the economic power of him in the root ...
________________

A. A. Kismetter, a former member of the State Duma, Historian, Professor.

Two conditions seem necessary to ensure that Russian Cossacks amounted to the fruitful element in the process of the internal dispensation of future Russia:
Future Russian state power will have to build political unity. Russia is not a suppression of local characteristics of individual regions of the state, but on the development of their internal amateur activities. Therefore, the Cossack region will have to preserve the historically established peculiarity of their lifefall.
The Cossacks itself should not be reversed in its environment with two fraught hazardous consequences:
a) the idealization of the whole historical past, in which there were far from the "beginning of equality and fraternity", but also a pronounced social struggle between the upper and lower layers of the Cossacks with all the inevitable consequences of such social dismissal and inequality also affected.
b) the desire to break the historical tradition, which consisted in the fact that the Cossacks always thought of themselves with an integral element of community statehood and its self-propelled self-defense against external enemies; This genuine historical tradition is now distorted by those representatives of the Cossacks, which, in favor of self-sufficient trends and a contrary to the historical truth, nominated the theories that the Cossacks have a special nation, separate from the Russian people.
Respect for genuine historical traditions that are not distorted in the coating of biased trends, in conjunction with sober political realism - this is what can serve as the only reliable key to further succeed in the Cossacks, as one of the independent cells of the Russian state body.
__________________

General P. P. Scoropadsky, former Hetman of Ukraine.

... Unfortunately, in the spontaneous times, flows are replete with flows pushing to straighten and to destroy the present in the name of the past or the future. These currents, negative inherently give us a victory to the third ... But the formula "independence and the union", which laid in 1918 by the cornerstone of the agreement of independent Ukrainians with the Vereviki Donskoy Donskoy, did not lose its importance. On the contrary. The last and present indicate that all those who want to avoid new shocks, bloodshed and fratricide in the future should be bowed to this formula, for it gives breadth and flexibility for the organic resolution of national, economic, social and political antagonisms on the basics of friendly allocations and thereby Promotes the voltage of energies towards creativity, not destruction.
Only this path, directed beyond extremes, can lead to community and elaboration between neighbors ...
__________________

P. B. Struve, Academician, public and politician.

For someone in meaningfully peering in the history of Russia - Russia, there is no question of whether the Cossacks have justified their being as special and peculiar strength.
Cossack Volnitsa played a twofold role in Russia's history.
First, as the only freestyle force in the rest of Russia, as the only free "world" in the Great Russian Sea of \u200b\u200b"worlds".
So it was before the liberation of Russia, which began in 1762 and completed on its basis in 1861.
Secondly, as the world or worlds are freely organized, their liberty assembled into certain military fraternities among the rest of the free sprayed romance of the Russian people - Cossacks, or, more precisely, the Cossacks were and remain the only phenomenon in Russian political reality. Cossacks are not the essence of the state and at the same time they are not just free community chance and temporarily descended by the historical wind of the dustpieces of the people.
In the future, the state construction of the Great Russia of the Cossacks (I deliberately use the multiple number) is stronger than before, I will define, it is necessary to think my state character and at the same time, becoming more self-defined ("autonomous"), it is also brighter to discover its original nature. Wolitsa.
How it will happen, no one can say, but all Russian Cossacks and non-zakas, it is necessary to understand and think over the great historical value at the same time the living value of the Cossacks. Cossacks have a great past, but he has the future, and is a great calling in this future.
_________________

MM Fedorov, former minister (before the revolution).

... The Cossacks were one of the main towers and conductors of Russian culture, the Russian language, Russian statehood, and in this sense, the historical role is indisputable. Both free, and serve the Cossacks have always carried Russia. The Great Trials of the Great Test Cossacks in their most remained the faithful Russian state idea and defended Russian state unity ...
__________________

A. I. Kookin, Russian writer.

Let my eyes do not see the happiness of Russia, but just like it is unshakable I believe in the coming health and renewal of the Great Russia, I believe in the future inseparable connection of the Cossacks with her. For this, a century of general history, common wars, a common religion, common interests, common language. I confess: the boundary, private interests and the question of the shape of the fraternal union are for me in the second plan. I only know that the Cossack will never come to rave about self-peculiarity, prompted by artificial chauvinism and a naught spoon. An old beautiful formula is valuable for me: "We caulate, Belokamena Moscow, and we are the Cossacks, in the quiet Don."
For our descendants, the Cossack liberty will be covered. Justice requires to say that the government of pre-revolutionary times was not particularly careful with them, even remembered the former troubles and disturbing years. But the union with a free man is stronger than the union with a man of ancient one ...
_________________

A. S. Lukomsky, Lieutenant-General of the Tsarist Army.

Cossacks have blood from the blood, flesh from the flesh of the Russian people. In it, often in exacerbated form is reflected both positive and negative features of the nature of the people who highlighted the Cossacks from their environment.
Cossack history There is a history of expanding the Russian state, its strengthening and its construction. Having played an exceptional role in its importance in the expansion of Russia, Cossacks at the same time, in all periods of life of Russia, both with external complications and during the periods of internal resources, almost always a selfless devotion to the general homeland helped overcome the impending disasters and contributed to the strengthening of the central state power.
__________________

P. N. Milyukov, former Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Government, Historian, Professor.

... the strength of the "wide beginnings of the absenteeism, fraternity, equality" specified in the "questionnaire". Obviously, these features will have to strengthen and develop in Democratic-Republican Russia. And it is only possible to rejoice that these principles who separate them from the old Russia live in the minds of the Cossacks and make it easier for them to transition to Russia. The "weak" parties of the Cossacks, I think, generally with such parties to communional life. The nature of the class privilege separating the Cossacks from other groups of the population, the insufficient culture of the agricultural mass, which is peculiar to this level of vice enlightenment, which has not passed from the instinct into consciousness, a sense of solidarity, both local and all-Russian, is not threatened by the further existence of the Cossacks, but is subject to Mitigating and eliminating in the situation of the national development, which will be given new Russia.
... It is also impossible to subordinate the life interests of the Cossacks party, political trends, whose supporters argue approximately as:
- Cossacks have a class, it became, for its existence, a class unit is needed, and therefore the monarchy needs.
We will not argue, whether the Cossacks are estimated. But their history is not at all easy. There were Cossacks without monarchs. And there are monarchies without Cossacks. And if the monarchist is able to think state, he must come to the same conclusions that are mandatory for the state-thinking Republican ...

The whole history of Russia is made by the Cossacks.
Lev Tolstoy

Don steppe

Alexander Vinokurov

Cossack family - no translation

The steppe by the smell of Donskoy breathed,
Nice spicy and dense;
His ruthless sting
He drove the sun from the height ...

Perekati rope field,
Somewhere trembled Mirage;
The wind looked solo,
Steppe eagle above circled ...

Among Dali Nonzil
Non-vulnerable heat
Stanniki, with an article of ancient Romans,
Sucked up, in Razinsky, cunning ...

Cossack

Alexander Lays.

He was a rider, warrior, plower.
He fought for Russia.
He cut the enemy, not knowing fear.
In three wars, life risked.

About the church remembered about God,
And Verne was his wife.
And here it is, as so many,
Enemies set to the wall.

When him, order for the sake of
To record what how,
They asked: - Who are you, uncle?
He only said: "Cossack."

Cossack Field

Alexander Lays.

I go out in the Cossack field.
Sharite wind on the grass.
How many in the heart of long-standing pain,
The dum is heavy in the head.

Whistle pulling, ringing yes
So far in the ears are standing.
Again mane, checkers, peaks
In the battle of eternal fly.

And deployed lava
Choose blood like then.
The smell of that grass bloody
I remembered forever.

And rider and shirt,
Battle I live.
Ever fly to the attack,
Always fall into the grass.

Where are you, Morda Voronaya,
Plent and strong saddle?
Only God alone and knows -
How many of us here.

Like anyone and cry I -
Do not rose friends.
Oh, you, the joy of the foal,
The share of God's il dog
Field, Polyshko Cossack,
My perpetual thought.

Field, Polyshko Cossack,
My perpetual thought.

Cossacks

Alexander Chenin

Horse and shat, whip, cap,
Yes lampas on the pants.
In the pure field, - in the mortal fight
There was a Cossack as fear of enemies.

Peak to battle, saber in hand
And the avalanche went!
Screams, snacks, moan from flour; -
Horses, people, - where are their own?!

Rage, courage, dexterity, power, -
Everything was preparing for nothing!
Be calm Mother - Russia; -
Life for faith, for the king!

The battle is finished, the horse is all in the wounds,
Hooked himself.
There is a medicine in the herbs of different,
Scars will be, - so what.

Cossacks! Legends, tales.
Ilya Muromets, hero; -
He is the beginning of your glory,
In the embezzlement sometimes.

For the king, and even against
That freedom, then robbery.
But protecting and supporting
There was always a Cossack dashing.
---
Beat and red, beat and white,
Even wanted to be ourselves.
Songs were gone about proud and bold,
Will, freedom, like a rod in the shower.

The storms subsided, the ranks were kept, -
Everyone was recalled in the Soviet country,
Only watched with photos
Licks of grandfathers, which died in the war.

New time and new songs.
Now the Cossack is not with a spear on horse
But preserved by the genus and honor
The image of the defender in our country.

The grain of tradition in everyday life lived,
As a gene pool of our ancient Russia.
Free from the gloss and dust
Become an example; - You really need!

Kazachkam.

Alexander Chenin

Where does all the Cossacks come from
Where in them is such blood?
Life left their own signs
Mustache, Chubi and proudly eyebrow!

Mother sons blessed
Then I waited with the alarm.
Keep the farm tired
As her assistant need

Cossack returned from the campaign,
Walked to distant edges.
Maiden Prince Roda
Drive from there for yourself.

Not long to burn,
Cossack Love has given his own.
And gradually understood
That he became dear to her and Mil.

Family, kids, respect,
Custom, talking all relatives.
And updated the generation
And more beautiful, and stronger.

The Cossack has their own concerns -
Hiking, fees, many days.
And all homework works
And honor to take care of her.

From generation to genera
Cossack proudly nearby.
Break, smart, in full patience,
I prayed to God and waited.

The farm led, did not roll,
Children taught; - All itself.
Soul and heart tried
How to live, if the widow.

Husbands of the war oblique kosila,
Sons were not returned.
And together with her mother - Russia
Scarf throwing further went down.

Calmly peacefully our time
And the genus Cossack became stronger.
Cossacks seed
And she, right, pedestal!

Cossack

Valery Starz

We would take some Paris.
We would be a saber to the attack.
Hey, Musya, not in vain you all tremble
And it was not for nothing that fell on fear.

We would take some Berlin.
It turned out once, however.
Peaks replacing the carabiner,
The cavalry was consisted after the tank.

We would take some Istanbul.
Stun to Lychim Cossack.
Basurman says: "Well, beat!
We only fought under the azov. "

Somewhere behind the seas Washington.
Our horses will be sworn there.
But when we capture them point,
Nobody drives us from there.

We would take something else.
Horses tear the bridle is brazy.
If on fate we are destined to
Cossacks for faith will be worn.

Cossacks

Vladimir Kryakin 2.

Endowed a horse beautiful mane,
Lush tail and two pairs of hoofs.
Who did not see how powerfully, beautiful
Horse on the field Razhatnaya rolling.

The neck will deposit in a rapid jump,
The trembling will pass in overheated land.
From hand, after the Cossacks watched,
How the Cossack raced, sitting in the saddle.

Without horses live in the steppe is impossible,
From the small years, the guy with a saddle.
If suddenly became alarming,
Gun taking, he left his home.

So put the great-grandfather, grandfathers,
Our bow to them until the earth.
Begg with a lover enemy to victory,
The world, the rest of the native brought.

Kuban Cossack

Elena Zhukova-Dzhelenina

He is still a child
Malets, height is not high.
At the horse sits with a pellery.
Accumulate a little slot
It will be a "noble" Cossack.
And dressed in Cossack:
There is Kubank and Bashlyk *,
"Give the guy a checker in hand, -
Following the barn shouting ...
By the fire in the Kuban chore
Heard rocked funny.
Cossacks skillfully the second,
The song in the beat leads small.
Everyone laughs: Cossacks,
And Gutarite, as big.
On fishing, sly deck.
Oh! Battle boy!
Look, Cossack,
Cossacks detachment what!
Namig rushed, post-rail,
Pitch is equal
with them your own.

Soul Cossack

Elena Pankratova 3.

Eh, Cossack soul, free bird,
Above the village, over the steppe spins.
The land is always guarded by the region,
Evil hordes away drive away.
Although his soul is harder than a stone,
Only the word is thin will poured.
In her, the same honor and love settled
Not to betray that she would not succeed.
After all, his soul is marked by God
After all, the soul of the Cossack for the Fatherland!

Cossacks

Elena Sergeevna Safronova

Cossacks - a special tribe,
Where hands hardened by difficulty.
Honor high and valuable time
When the earth is calling and the father's house.
Blood is hot, militant-undoubtedly.
Solves the checker life disease
Blame before God is not shameful
And boldly go to the Cossack circle.
Same memory with pride is kept,
Their roots of age-old deep.
Still stand Russian stitches
Blessed our Cossacks!

Cossack

Elena Sergeevna Safronova

Some say that I am a proud.
Others - Girl at least where.
In my blood is alive Cossack,
My and joy and trouble.
Trouble that the steppe did not see
Did not cut his back on Bakhche.
Trouble - braids did not turn
On the chaste shoulder.
Did not stoke the gold of wheat
Breads fragrant did not bake.
I do not know, in what village
My great-grandmother lived.
Doesn't the view of it,
To the ground stored love.
And knit hot and stubborn
Delivered native blood.
She will show more
When I'm tighter song.
And no one will say about me,
What is not relative, I'm a father to Don.

Dashing Cossacks

Elena Zhukova-Dzhelenina

Lich Cossack has everything from a raid and jerk.
What is the burning passion of such a Cossack!

I go on babe, the vest is full of ...
I see, there are worthwhile, two with a checker in the side.

I will smithfully smile and seem to stumbur.
Both are rapidly pumped up with them.

Ah, eagles you, the Cossacks, on the rise is always easy,
On words are always Lukava, but on the actions of the deck.

How to Garzyut on horseback! I will see them in a dream!
They promised to visit me at once ...

It is not easy to choose the heart of two cute one.
On the daisies they pay ... Let them tell me who?

Kazakhat Cossacks

Igor Scherban

Above the village evening, scarlet sunset color
Dissolved braids willow at the river,
And sing here guys and girls

Ripe gardens here the land is rich,
And the wind pegs are widespread.
Guys and girls and girls grow here and stronger,
Kazakhat, well, which means - the Cossacks!

Fuel lights - windows of each hut
And dancing in the sky stars-moths
Love the edge, the birthplace guys and girls,
Kazakhat, well, which means - the Cossacks!

Cossack

Ilchenko Nikolay 2.

Spilled the sky
Clouds surf.
Where I was where was not
Long path home.
Delera's service -
Do not worry longing,
Native side
Painfully far away.

Eh, Cossack Share -
Saber, yes riding.
Pickles in the field
Sit family bow.
Not sad, momka,
Do not be sad, father,
Chub from under Kubanka -
Life is not the end.

You, enemy devils,
Likha will not forgive.
I'm not afraid of death,
But not looking.
Where baked sash
Horse my battle.
So crushing the evil -
And then peace.

In the fights demon -
Angel by shoulder.
I am a conspiracy -
I do not all.
Sabllu I'll be up
And in the gallop horse.
Friend will cover the back -
Protect me.

Spilled the sky
Clouds surf.
All sadness in Fur,
Bird home ...
-------------------
What's so coil
Painfully sting in the chest? ..
Eh, bad bullet
Cumshot my way ...

Don Cossack!

Irina Krupinsky

He is earthly, he is real
Not empty and not air
And in the actions, there is no false
For me, he is the best

Not romantic, very hard
And in words, not balabol
But clearly understands
What girls are "weak floor"

Not an athlete and not an artist he ...
Does not fly in the clouds
Everything can, not scary with him
He is a simple, Don Cossack!

How to hug, kisses ...
In the head - the dome
Everything, no words extremely clear
He is earthly, he is real !!!

Cossacks and Rus

Nadezhda Veddenyapina

With the Cossacks in Russia everywhere
That in honor and honor, then the circle of opal.
Let's say right, the Cossack of life is not without will.
It would be rush to them in the field with the wind, arguing.

With a checker earlier than with the wife of the Cossacks was crowned
And sometimes in the dawn years with life parted.
Blood hot boils in their Cossack veins,
The Cossack is all over the shoulder, the work of any forces.

True Word to your, honor and oath
And the lands native enemy did not give any inches.
Honor of Russia, as his wife, was protected.
And for their homeland stood their own!

In Russia, the Cossack lives, the debt is performed
And the traditions of fathers honors and observes.
I will reveal the truth, and there is no secret
To be the Cossacks of Russia a lot of long, long years!

Cossacks of Russia

Nadezhda Veddenyapina

Cossacks of Russia is a valor,
Her stronghold, striving for the best share,
Her, forever in the neurotic pride,
Success and inflexible will.

Slanged the path of the Cossacks of Kuban.
From the past times to this day
Count the lands of babies,
How sons take care of her.

In Liphethet, during the thunderstorm
Only calls the depreciation - mother,
Through the Cossacks of Russia
For banners - to save the homeland.

Our great-grandfather saved her more than once,
Grandfathers defended how could
And the fathers of their feat continued
So that we are happy grew.

Nice Cossacks of Kuban,
Motherland decent sons
Colders and warriors of power,
The strength and greatness of the country.

Cossacks

Svetlana Klinushkina-Kutepov

And the Cossack is guessing immediately -
After all, the free spirit is not hiding you in your pocket!
Only two give him orders -
In the sky, God, in the village Ataman!

Let Never leave you faith!
Through the storms, through the year and through the battles
Carry Orthodox shrines
And proud traditions of your own!

After all, the valor is your true property!
And anyone you fight, and live!
Shoulder to the shoulder gets up the Cossack army,
barely fill the frontiers!

You are a salt of the earth, and you will not argue with it!
For you, icons are homeland and honor!
You are the Spirit of Russia, you are her support!
You are the Cossacks! You, thank God, is!

Cossacks

Sergey Melnikov 62.

Chub Curly, Golden
In the wind plays
Horse Bulan under me
Head winds.

Clear I hear the order -
Checkers won guys.
Poured, trot march,
Let's do it.

And avalanche of wellms,
Releaving the Blue
Skapped on the steppe,
Wind overtaking.

Heard friendly - cheers,
Horsepine horses.
When we, friends,
Then invincible.

Well, rabids, bold,
Wound guys.
Behind the saint rus
And native huts.

The enemy has fear
Creek and whistle Cossack.
Nice Russian land
God, went good luck.

After the battle of the Cossacks
The fire will be sneaked
Get down bitter wine
And friends will remember.

Do not be sad, rolling Don.
See, we laugh.
Drill Russian enemies
And come back to you.

"... The whole essence is who all this self-definition needs, of course, disturbing the unity and power of Russia, which is pre-conducting it for long-term internal friction, and then both bloody clashes, in the outcome of which, with enormous inequality in the forces, do not have to doubt ?

I will say directly: not to the Cossack, in its mass, exhausted and humiliated, however, with all Russian people, a handful of convicts and murderers, this self-likeness is needed, hostile to Russia. It is useful to those our neighbors who do not want to see our homeland by mighty and strong. Their dream is weak, powerless Rus, torn by inner gravestones, without the Caucasus, with cropped outbreaks. "

"We do not need, the Cossacks, all this on others, the unkind money inflated" selflessness ". An evil case creates her preachers, inciting hostility to the whole Russian, trying to forget everything in common, which forever connects us with Russia, inventing some fantastic theories about the origin of the Cossacks as if someone else's hostile. "

Often you can hear from self-sufficiency about the grievous life of the Cossacks at the kings. As an example, they sometimes cause Nekrasovsky Cossacks. But it is better to read not the interpretation of the "Cossacks", and the version Self Nekrasovtsy:

« Somehow, at the beginning of August, went to me in the village. Tapenor commander regiments and said:

Can you not. Your Excellency, tell the Cossacks about the Cossack troops, their geographical position, Rosy with Russia?

What?

Yes, among young people, a dream is stubbornly sitting on the creation of a separate generality state, independent of Russia, managed by its Atamans, with its senior Ataman OL advice at the Council of Atamans.

Yes, you yourself, how do you think about it?

We understand that it is impossible ... And only it would be good. Because if this read accourse will continue, Russia will die, and we will die. And so, maybe, the Republic of Cossack and Lesson.

Well, I said.

On August 9, in the agricultural school, in the extensive recreational hall, I appointed a message. Cossacks gathered, more than ever, a lot. I hung the map Russian Empire, I painted on a blackboard with small squares, triangles, lines and points of all eleven Cossack troops, told the story of their education, indicated that only three troops are more or less compact mass: Donskoye, Kuban and Teresk, and the rest are not only separated by each other. From a friend of thousands of versts, but the most Cossack stans are scattered with small plugs among the non-price population. In the Don Troy Cossacks constitute only 60%, in Kuban and less. Under such conditions, it is possible to live Cossacks only in full friendship with Russia, and I don't have to think about any "self-sufficiency". Cossacks dispersed. I walked over to the Umanage group, reasonable, solid Cossacks, Khokhlov.

What should we do, Mr. General, "the same one said me. - Not otherwise, how to disappear to the whole of the Costaxia.

No need to indulge in the old regime, "I said. - Under the sovereign, the emperor lived well. We cared about you and your rights were protected. "

« Upstairs were thoughts to rally. Commissioner of the Interim Government of the Caucasian Army, member of the State Duma V.A. Harlamov was worn with the creation of the South-Eastern Union from the Cossack troops and the Caucasus. Suspicious intellectuals stuck to this idea, Metrotels of Moscow restaurants, who felt power and progress, signed agreements to hold firmly and indispensively, argued about the federation and confederation, it is unclear to understand the most words, and in Novocherkassk, he was already sitting at one table with the honest Caledin, General From cavalry and St. George Cavalier, the Criminal Cossack of Podlekov from the officer's wizard L.-GV. The 6th Donal Majesty of the Battery, yesterday, who worked firewood to the kitchen to his "Panu", pounded his fist on the table and demanded from Ataman recognition of the "Council" authority formed in Stanitsa Kamenskaya.

Kalled shot himself, without making the struggle with the empty chatter. The children, protecting the honor of their fathers, were painted in the protective color of non-partisanity fathers and already "walked down a pitch" in Novocherkassk, the sailors and the Red Guards lead Cossacks in the Soviet faith. "

"With my care, the South-Eastern Union was carried out, the Supreme Circle with the chairman of V.A. Kharlamov, and the Cossacks passed the last positions near the Novorossiysk and the troops of Cossack, and self-sufficient, and not self-sufficient, were erased from the face of the earth.

........................................ ........................................ ...................

Cossacks who dreamed of having their army serve in the Red Soviet Connection and instead of Cossack divisions are listed in the number of cavalry divisions.

Bowl of humiliation of dops to the end.

........................................ ........................................ ....................

The third international man was guaranteed his main job: destroys the Cossacks, without a small four hundred years of serving the support of Russia and its sovereigns. "

Don Ataman, General Krasnov:

"Never a Cossacks were raised against their mother - Russia, they will not rise and now. Talk about the Cossack "self-sufficiency" is to do the case of Kondrai Bulavina, teach Cossacks Bunta, to lead their directly expensive to "... Among the fields of sorrows high, that two: whether the collaps with the crossbar."

Out of Russia, the Cossacks are not to be. "