Expressive reading in elementary school. Expressive reading: what it is, skills, rules

The phrase "expressive reading" began to be actively used in the middle of the 19th century and implied the skill of the artistic word and the discipline of teaching this skill to children. Expressive reading represents the mastery of displaying in the word feelings and reflections, which are filled with highly artistic work, showing an individual assessment by the performer of the author's work.

Expressive reading means reciting from memory or reading from a book while adhering to the principles of literary pronunciation. At the same time, the figurative and ideological essence of the work is most fully expressed. Expressive reading is used as a language teaching technique.

Reading is characterized by four criteria:

• Fluency is speed of reading. Determines the perception (comprehension) of the read text. Fluency is usually measured by the number of words or characters read per minute.
• Correctness implies unhurried reproduction without altering the essence of a literary composition.
• Consciousness is an understanding of the author's idea, comprehending the artistic methods with the help of which the idea is embodied, understanding one's own attitude to the work.
• The expressiveness of reading is formed during analysis literary work.

To read the text expressively means to find a way through oral speech to truthfully and accurately convey the intentions and feelings inherent in the composition. Such a means of transmission is intonation.

Intonation represents the interaction of the components of oral speech (tempo, sound, stress, rhythm, pauses). The components support each other. The interaction between them is generated by the content and emotions of the text, the goal that the author sets for the reader.

Characteristics of the principles of teaching expressive reading

The principle of expressive reading is comprehension of the artistic essence and design of the composition. It is important to identify the extent to which the text is clear to the audience. To make reading effective will help the awareness of the task, the goal that is pursued when reading. The success of the transmission of a work largely depends on the beauty, literacy, and brightness of the reader's speech. Content allows you to accurately identify which means to use when transmitting text.

Expressive reading implies persistent, time-consuming work on the means of conveying the idea, feelings and content of the work. Correct breathing, distinctness of pronunciation of sounds, skills of correct transmission of emotions through speech are important.

Expressive reading involves the use of means of brightness, such as:

• Intonation.
• Logical stress.
• Pause.
• Pace.
• The height and strength of the voice.

Intonation

The significance of intonation and its elements when reading is very high, therefore, when forming speech expressiveness, special attention should be paid to the development of intonation brightness.

Intonation components:

• The strength that manifests itself in stress and determines the dynamics of oral speech.
• The direction that predetermines the melody of speech and is shown in the following of the voice over sounds with different heights.
• The hue or timbre that determines the emotional coloring.
• The speed, which is expressed in the continuous sound of speech and pauses. Determines the rhythm and tempo of speech.

The recitation of literary work by a teacher, a student and an actor is different, since the conditions of expressiveness are different for them. The actor is fluent in the voice and other means, and also has the opportunity to thoroughly prepare for reading. Other requirements are imposed on the student. By watching the video of the speeches of professional readers, you can learn to read a work with the correct intonation coloring.

Principles of expressive reading

Expressive reading rules are a set of guidelines that help students quickly and effectively develop literary reading skills in schoolchildren. The reading memo is aimed at developing a culture of handling the book, contains recommendations on the preparation and correct reading.

The lesson of expressive reading should arouse interest in literary creativity, foster love for the figurative word.

Tips for Parents to Build Your Child's Reading Interest

• You should purchase books for your child that are colorfully designed with fascinating content.
• It is not the length of the reading that is important, but the frequency. That is, it is better to read many times for 15 minutes than once for an hour and a half. The mode of reading for a child is preferable sparing - read three lines, rested.
• To form the habit of communicating with a book, you need to read to your child every day.
• The read work should be discussed with the family, and the child should be told about the author.
• Remembering the work, you need to change the text a little, this will help to understand whether the child remembered the content well.
• Advise your child about the works of your childhood, share your impressions about them.
• Buy books by authors you like the child, create his own library.

Many years later, already in adulthood, the child's books will be associated with loved ones and dear people, with the warmth of their home.

Memo to parents

• Reading is the entrance to the world of knowledge, it is a guarantee of the child's progress in school.
• A child will love books only through the combined efforts of the school and family.
• Familiarize yourself with the essential requirements for expressive, fluent, mindful reading.
• A recommendation list will help you find books for your child.
• The own children's library will allow you to exchange books with friends, which will increase your interest in reading.

Knowledge of the works of children's literature and the work of children's writers and poets makes it easier for parents to choose books for their child. Such knowledge is also an irreplaceable part of the professionalism and competence of a teacher or educator, a specialist working with children.

The discipline "Children's literature with a workshop on expressive reading" is called upon to acquaint parents and teachers with the works of literary creativity of children's poets and writers. The purpose of the subject is to improve the skills of analyzing children's literary works, the importance of literary reading in the formation of a child's personality is considered.

The structure of the discipline "Children's literature with a workshop on expressive reading" is a historical, chronological way of presenting material on literature for children. It also includes a logical expressive reading workshop.

Student Reading Guide

Memo # 1: Reading Rules

• It is necessary to devote at least a quarter of an hour a day to reading, sitting comfortably, preferably not lying down.
• If you read with the TV or music on, it will be difficult to understand what the text is about. Therefore, you should turn off the TV, music, remove all distracting objects.
• There is no need to rush while reading and focus on time, otherwise the meaning of the text or poem will remain incomprehensible and slip away.
• It is necessary to take breaks, pauses, physical education minutes.
• It is necessary to analyze the actions and deeds of the heroes of the work, draw conclusions for yourself. Discuss what you read with your friends.
• Mark the point at which reading was interrupted by placing a bookmark between the pages.
• Entertaining and interesting information can be written out in a notebook. It will come in handy in the future.

Memo # 2: Expressive Reading

Expressive reading is impossible without understanding the meaning of the content of the work.

• Adhere to the correct tempo and rhythm when reading. Haste is not needed here.
• Diction - pronunciation should be intelligible, loud, distinct.
• Be sure to pause if punctuation marks are encountered.
• With the help of logical stress, highlight the key words of a literary work.
• Poems or text, when reading, should have an emotional connotation.
• Comprehension of the content is imperative readable poem or prose.

Memo number 3: Working with the book correctly

The ability to work correctly with a book, to process information from printed sources, is of exceptional importance for high school students. Inability to act with a book will affect school performance, as homework and class work will be time-consuming. This state of affairs will lead to the fact that the student will be tired, while the ability to assimilate knowledge will decrease.

• It is necessary to develop the skills of correct, fluent, meaningful reading.
• Expressive reading. Read the text or poems, determine the main idea of ​​the creation, find individual elements in the content and their semantic significance, read again.
• Determine the chronological order of actions of a literary work.
• Extracurricular activities involve keeping a diary of read works, using a list of books recommended by the teacher, the skill of writing data about a work from the title page.

Expressive recitation of a poem

Poetry is the best way for the child to understand the essence of expressive reading. When a good reader recites a long-familiar verse or text, listeners begin to understand it in a new way. They are imbued with the mood of the person speaking the words.

Actors, thanks to their talent, knowledge and professional skills, recite poetry, captivating the audience. By carefully watching the videos of performances of famous artists, you can borrow interesting techniques for reading poetry and prose.

A literature lesson at school is designed to arouse interest in the artistic, figurative word, to foster love for the book. Expressive reading is an important skill that allows you to convey to the audience the idea of ​​a work, its ideological content. To reveal the subtlest nuances of feelings, experiences of sensations of the heroes artistic text or poetry. Finding a way to get into the very heart of the listeners by reading the text will help the video of speeches of professional readers.

Expressive poetry reading by children preschool age

Consultation for parents. Learn poetry with preschool children

Marina Medvedeva, music director of the highest qualification category, MBDOU "Combined Kindergarten No. 2 -" Luchiki ", Sovetsky District, Tula

Description of the material. This material is addressed to parents and teachers who work with preschool children. The reason for writing the article was the contradiction between the capabilities of children and the frequent cases of inexpressive reading of poetry in this age group, as well as the importance of developing intonational expressiveness in preschoolers.
"Read poems to children, let their ear become accustomed to the harmony of the Russian word, their hearts be filled with a sense of the graceful, let poetry act on them in the same way as music." V.G.Belinsky
How differently people read poetry! One is monotonous, sluggish. Another is highlighting the features of the poetic meter. The third is loud, emotional and unnatural. But with pleasure we listen to the one who reads the way he speaks in life, with lively expressiveness, clear speech, experiencing the emotions affected by this work.
Can a child be taught this? Yes, you can.
At the same time, by reading and memorizing poetry with kids, we solve the following tasks:
- strengthening of memory;
- development of clear diction, mastering the means of intonation expressiveness: timbre, tempo, register, intonation, rhythm, dynamics, pitch pattern, size, accentuation (highlighting certain elements in a word or in a phrase);
- development creativity child;
- broadening one's horizons;
- education of moral qualities (love for loved ones, caring for animals, respect for nature, toys, etc.).
Here are some tips to help you develop your child in this direction.
How to choose the right poem to memorize?
1. The poem must be accessible.
1) First of all, to close and understandable children in terms of content.
2) The younger the child's age, the shorter the line and the poem itself. For children 2 years old, two or four lines are enough, 3-4 years old - one or two quatrains, 5-7 years old - up to five quatrains, depending on the child's interest and the level of memory development.
3) A poem for kids should be dynamic (mostly actions), without descriptive moments, with short lines, a simple rhythm. Older preschoolers are able to perceive metaphors, comparisons, small descriptions, but still dynamism is important.
2. Poems for children should be of high quality, because poetry is
a source and means of enriching figurative speech, development
poetic hearing (the ability to subtly feel the art form,
melody and rhythm native language), ethical and moral concepts.
Read folklore works to children (folk nursery rhymes,
jokes, jokes, songs) and masters of the artistic word.
Look for good poetry by contemporary poets. It is impossible to use weak verses of non-professionals, with inaccurate rhymes, violation of the order, with an illiterate use of the form of the word.
How to teach poetry with preschool children?
Before introducing the child to the selected poem, look at it yourself, choose the desired mood, intonation, and place accents, highlighting the main word. If dialogue is used, or the narration comes from the perspective of a character, then the timbre of the voice can also be changed. In some verses, it is possible to play with the sound of words. So, hissing sounds - convey the rustle of grass, leaves, lingering vowels - the howl of the wind. This technique should be used with caution, the emphasis on the sound should be small. You can use content-related read speed variation. Fast speaking can accompany a quick change of events or a high speed of action, dragging out speech is an unwanted or protracted action.
Read a poem to your child naturally and expressively,
feeling the mood. Talk to him about the content, make sure he understands everything. Explain new words as needed. It is important that you like the poem.
Invite your child to play: you read a poem, and he finishes the ends of the lines. The phrasal repetition of the text does not make it difficult for children. Then you can move on to a holistic retelling. At first, gently prompt, recite together passages that have not yet been memorized. To keep young children interested, you can recite a poem for different toys in turn or on behalf of a bear, bunny, cat, etc. Older preschool children are able to accept well the challenge posed to them: to learn a poem. Make sure that your child's speech is intelligible and naturally expressive. Sometimes children pronounce the text very quickly, swallowing the endings. You can immediately stop and correct it so that the error does not get fixed. The duration of such an activity with a child should not exceed five minutes. It is better to return to the poem again after a while.
Have you learned and forgotten?
Try to keep the child interested in the poem. Try to role-play him or play with a toy.
Give the learned poem to your grandparents for birthdays, use in home concerts, remember in a suitable situation, observing weather phenomena, animals, viewing plants and transport, admiring a toy and doing housework with your child.
By following these simple recommendations, you can teach your child to love literature, poetry, notice the beauty around you, form a clear, clear expressive speech, which is very useful not only in school, but also in adult life.

Examples of the analysis of children's poetry for expressive reading.

"Pussy" I. Zhukov
-Hello pussy, how are you?
Why did you leave us? (affectionately, interrogative intonation)
-I can't live with you,
There is nowhere to put the ponytail. (offended)
Walk, yawn,
Step on the tail! (angrily)
"Builder" G. Ladonshchikov
With a beak like a chisel, (rhythmically, conveying a knock)
The woodpecker builds a new home
Even though he doesn't know yet (puzzled)
Who will be registered in it.
A siskin flies up to a woodpecker:
- What are you, woodpecker, knocking here? (interrogatively)
A whole hour in the hollow of an aspen, (surprised)
You stick out like a tied one!
- I’m knocking here for a reason! (kindly)
I want to get the worms.
I will dine well (with pleasure)
And I'll fly the aspen.
"Plasticine Dog" S. Makhotin
Do not be mad at me, (request)
Plasticine dog.
It turned out to be crooked (regretfully)
Plasticine nose.
Plasticine tail
Hangs like a lace
And a little dented
Plasticine side.
I then maybe (hope, promise)
I'm making you blind again
And now I am you (with love)
And I love this one.
"About Snow" N. Firefly
To the clearing and meadow (peacefully)
Snow is falling from the sky
Snow is falling from the sky
The cat purred: Curd! (soft)
But the cock crowed to him:
- Maybe it's just fluff (sharply, loudly)
- Quack! said the duck Masha (unperturbed)
- It's rice porridge!
The ducklings answered her
- It's quack-quack, quack-quack cotton wool! (Faster, higher sound)
A little calf came out
Surprised like a child (surprised)
I squeezed my sides from the frost,
- Mu-mu, how much milk! (slowly)
And cheerful Vanechka (livelier, more fun)
I took a sleigh from the house,
I ran into the garden for a drive.
Vanya is very happy with the snow! (clear joyous exclamation)
"Turtle" K. Chukovsky
To go far to the swamp (worried)
It is not easy to go to the swamp.
"Here is a stone lying by the road, (delighted)
let's sit down and stretch our legs "
The frogs put a bundle on the stone. (leisurely)
"It would be nice for us to lie down here for an hour!" (within Temptation)
Suddenly a stone jumped to his feet (fast, sharp)
And he grabbed them by the legs.
And they cried out in fear:
"Why, it's a turtle!" (moderately loud, surprised)

Irina Morgunova
"How to teach a child to read poetry with expression." Consultation for parents

How different people are read poetry! One is monotonous, sluggish. Another is highlighting features poetic size... The third is loud, emotional and unnatural. But with pleasure we listen to the one who reads like this, as he speaks in life, with a living expressiveness, with clear speech, experiencing the emotions affected by this work.

Here are some steps to help your child read poetry with expression... 1. Select a passage for expressive reading. 1) Poem should be accessible, close and understandable to children in terms of content. 2) The younger the child is, the shorter the line and itself poem... For children 2 years old, two to four lines are enough, 3-4 years old - one or two quatrains, 5-7 years old - up to five quatrains, depending on the child's interest and the level of memory development. 3) Poem for kids it should be dynamic (mostly actions, without descriptive moments, with short lines, simple rhythm. Older preschoolers are able to perceive metaphors, comparisons, small descriptions, but still dynamism is important. 4) The verse should correspond to the character of the baby. Therefore, you need to try to find something poem that will be interesting to him. It will be easier for a mischievous and fidget to learn and reproduce the funny rhymes of Daniil Kharms, and for the dreamer it will be calmer, smoother in sound. poetry Sasha Cherny and Valentina Berestov. 5) Poetry for children should be of high quality, because poetry is

a source and means of enriching figurative speech, the development of poetic hearing (the ability to subtly feel the artistic form, melody and rhythm of the native language, ethical and moral concepts.

jokes, jokes, songs) and masters of the artistic word.

Good poems by modern poets... Weak poems by amateurs, with imprecise rhymes, violation of the order, with illiterate use of the form of the word.

2. Read a poem expressively to adults themselves... Before introducing the child to the chosen poem, you need to look through it in advance, choose the right mood, intonation, place accents, highlighting the main word. And then read the poem yourself slowly and with expression... You can imagine that you are performing from the stage, and child- your main viewer and critic. The child must see and understand what it means read with expression... Therefore it is necessary read as emotionally as possible, correctly placing logical stresses, making pauses where necessary, adhering to the rhythm as accurately as possible poems.

3. Find out if everything is clear child in this text... If necessary, you need to parse every line, every word. At this stage, the main thing is that the baby understands what poem and there would be no incomprehensible words for him.

4. Determine the mood poems.

Define together with child, how, with what mood you need read text,

with sad or cheerful.

You can practice with child read the first line, with different mood: joyful, sad, surprised, distrustful.

5. Place logical stress.

Important, will learn determine the main words of the text and highlight them with a voice while reading.

After reading this word, take a short pause. (be quiet a little) Usually in a statement (oral or written) there are words, phrases, and sometimes sentences that are its logical and emotional centers and which must be somehow highlighted, otherwise the meaning of what we are talking about or read may be misunderstood or not quite right. Need to practice, along with child, read a line highlighting the main words with your voice. It is better to read with the child in turn., (adult reads for to give a sample reading) until your student is able to highlight the main words with his voice.

6. Select the required reading pace, observing pauses. It is important to choose the desired reading pace, observing short and long pauses while reading. As a rule, the pace of reading depends on the content (what the text is about, moods (sad poetry, usually, read slower than joyful, from the type of speech (narration reads faster than description or reasoning). Need to train read the same sentence at three different rates (fast, medium, slow)... If it is difficult for the child to change the pace, you can give a sample reading or read with him.

Important will learn to arrange short and long pauses. Need to explain to kid that pause is a stop while reading. Pauses are short (we are silent for 1 second)... Short pauses are made where there is a comma or after the main word. Pauses can be long (silent for 3 seconds)... Long pauses are made at the end of a sentence, at the end verse line

Reading aloud can be accompanied by facial expressions and gestures. They will make the performance more interesting and emotional.

Have you learned and forgotten? After poem learned you need to try to keep the child's interest in him. Learned poem can be given to grandparents for birthdays, used in home concerts. You can tell the learned rhyme on behalf of your favorite characters. Each fairytale hero has his own character and, accordingly, his own manner of speech. Try to get used to the role of, say, Cheburashka or Buratino, and tell yourself or together with the baby a learned rhyme. So, following these simple recommendations, you can teach a child to love literature, poetry, to notice the beauty around him, to form a clear, clear expressive speech, which is very useful not only in school, but also in adult life.

Examples of children's analysis verses for expressive reading.

"Pussy" I. Zhukov

Hello pussy, how are you?

Why did you leave us? (affectionately, interrogative intonation)

I can't live with you

There is nowhere to put the ponytail. (offended)

Walk, yawn,

Step on the tail! (angrily)

"Builder" G. Ladonshchikov

With a beak like a chisel, (rhythmically, conveying a knock)

The woodpecker builds a new home

Even though he doesn't know yet (puzzled)

Who will be registered in it.

A siskin flies up to a woodpecker:

What are you, woodpecker, knocking here? (interrogatively)

A whole hour in the hollow of an aspen, (surprised)

You stick out like a tied one!

I’m knocking here for a reason! (kindly)

I want to get the worms.

I will have a great lunch (with pleasure) And I'll fly the aspen.

The importance of the question of how to learn to read beautifully has long been appreciated at its true worth by psychologists and linguists of all ranks and stripes. Both in kindergarten and in school we are taught to recite poetry and prose with expression, later, in some universities, they teach the art of making speeches. But not everyone can read beautifully. How to learn this and what exercises you need to perform for this, is described in this article.

How beautiful is it to read poetry?

Imagine that before you is the open soul of the poet. Therefore, poems, especially lyrics, should be read, feeling as much as possible, letting through the content of the literary text written by the poet. Epic works in verse (for example, "The Odyssey") should be read with some detachment, as if stating what is happening. Fables should be read "in faces", presenting to the listeners the behavioral intonations and facial expressions of the characters.

• Before reading prose aloud, you need to read it to yourself several times in order to know what the story is about, what characters are involved in the action. It is best to memorize poems before reciting, so as not to "lose" lines and not stutter.
• Practice your own diction before reciting. Read aloud a few well-known tongue twisters, check articulation, work on facial expressions and gestures (professional readers do these exercises for several hours every day).
• Observe the punctuation marks placed in the text, highlighting them intonationally. Increase and decrease intonation as you read the sentences in the text.
• Buy or download audio recordings of famous reciters and learn to recite by repeating the masters. This teaching method often leads to excellent results.

On the methods of developing students' communication skills Shulgina Tatyana Viktorovna, teacher of Russian language and literature, MCOU "Sudzhanskaya average comprehensive school No. 1 "of the Sudzhansky district of the Kursk region.

How to read expressively and retell the text?

(Preparation for an oral interview - admission to the OGE)

In light of the emerging changes in the OGE in grade 9, the introduction of the oral part, which includes reading and speaking, the development of students' communication skills becomes even more relevant.

Communication skills Is the ability of a person to interact with other people, adequately interpreting the information received, as well as correctly transmitting it.

In the world of modern technological advances (mobile phones, the Internet, etc.), the ability to communicate is becoming one of the most essential and valuable skills. Communication skills are very important for personal development, professional growth and self-expression, as they determine the success of interaction with the world, people around, and oneself.

Communication skills are often divided into

• written- consist in the ability to correspond, communicate using different types links where excluded oral speech... Written sociability is manifested in how compositionally clearly the document (text) is composed, thoughts are consistently presented in it, as well as in the absence of gross spelling and stylistic errors;
• oral- these are skills that are manifested in direct communication. Oral communication skills include the ability to clearly and adequately express their thoughts, the ability to win over the interlocutor from the first minutes of the conversation, as well as the ability to listen to your opponent.

In the formation of communication skills, in addition to family and society, the school plays an important role. The process of communication, speaking takes place both in the classroom and during extracurricular activities... Taking into account the normative-age development of the child, the development of communication skills sets the content and characteristics learning activities on lessons humanitarian cycle, in particular in the lessons of the Russian language.

In the development of a system of universal training activities within the framework of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard as part of personal, regulatory and cognitive actions communicative actions are of particular importance:

• correctly formulate your thoughts verbally and written speech;
• correctly build a chain of logical reasoning, put forward hypotheses and be able to substantiate them;
• freely express thoughts and feelings in the process of verbal communication;
• to perceive information taking into account the set educational task;
• know the features of dialogical and monologue speech;
• build a speech monologue in accordance with the tasks.

In psychology, there is a synonymous concept: communicative competence... This is a set of such human skills that are adequate for a certain social environment and include knowledge of cultural norms in communication, knowledge of traditions and customs, possession of etiquette, demonstration of good manners and skillful use of communicative means. They are developed together with the social experience of a person.

Communicative competence Is a generalizing communicative property of a person, which includes communicative abilities, knowledge, skills and abilities.

With regard to the planning and organization of Russian language lessons, it is appropriate to operate with such a concept as communicative competence.

Communicative competence- the ability to carry out speech activity by means of the studied language in accordance with the goals and situation of communication within a particular field of activity.

Communication competence can include many components:

• possession of one or another vocabulary,
• development of oral and written speech (clarity, correctness),
• the ability to observe ethics and etiquette of communication,
• ability to analyze external signals,
• assertiveness (confidence),
• possession of active listening skills,
• mastery of public speaking,
• acting skills,
• the ability to build a statement and conduct a dialogue,
• empathy (conscious or unconscious empathy with the current emotional state of another person without losing the feeling of the external).

Why is it difficult for students to reason, engage in dialogue, and read aloud? Traditionally, all work in the lessons of the Russian language and literature is built around four types of activities related to communication and work with information: listening and speaking, reading and writing... We begin to develop listening and speaking even before school - in kindergarten, then move on to reading and writing. And I think I'm not mistaken, this activity - reading and writing - becomes predominant until high school. We read a lot, answer questions in writing, write essays, essays, reason ...

In a written speech format, it is easier to survey the entire class, check and evaluate everyone. Probably, this is where the fear of teachers and students to work in the format of oral communication lies, because this skill is beginning to fade into the background. Few students are ready reason, engage in dialogue, develop expressive reading skills…

Not the least role is played by the feeling of fear that a student may have during oral work in the classroom: building a monologue in front of an audience in class requires certain efforts, including psychological ones. We teach you to speak on topical topics and to argue. The topics of monologue statements offered at the final interview are diverse. This is all that is close and understandable to a modern schoolchild: the value of family, friends; reasoning on social issues, technological progress and its consequences, the value of the book, problems modern culture, fashion and the like. It is important that the student can demonstrate the ability not only to create a monologue and participate in a dialogue, but also to defend his point of view, to reasonably reflect.

The emotional response of the examiner is important!

The role of the interlocutor - the examiner - is no less significant. It has two tasks: the first is to regulate the student's time during preparation and during the response. The second is to help the student to open up during the interview, to support him, to reduce the feeling of fear and insecurity. This requirement in the assessment system on the part of the examiner is spelled out as "an emotional reaction to the student's actions." In other words, the examiner must have certain emotional intelligence skills:

Be able to see the emotions of the student,

Control your emotions

Maintain a productive working attitude,

Help the young interlocutor express himself.

To a certain extent, for the examiner, this is also a certain stage, aimed at the ability to constructively build a conversation.

1. Call the children to the board.

According to the tradition of the old Soviet school, try to call the student to the blackboard and give him the opportunity to expand his answer to a short monologue. What works in this case? The child develops confidence when working with an audience, gets a certain experience of such work, speech activity is evaluated by the teacher and students (and you should not be afraid of this!). It is through a clear and adequate assessment that he understands how to develop further. In this case, the teacher must make correct comments. on working with voice, tempo, ability to stay in front of an audience. All this works for the student. When assessing a communicative situation, the teacher and students must note the strengths of a short speech - this is mandatory, but also indicate what can be improved. The more specific the advice, the more adequate the feedback. This will be the point of development of a particular speech skill.

2. Lead discussions

It is useful to create models of the work of students in a pair or a group to develop the skills of a dialogue culture. At the first stage, this can be a small discussion for a few minutes. You can also arrange whole lessons-discussions under the guidance of a teacher with obligatory reflection: what happened and what needs to be adjusted in future work.

3. Analyze performances

To develop expressive reading skills, you can take video clips of television news, analysis of the speech behavior of certain radio and TV presenters, use materials from central newspapers and magazines for independent work. You can record small performances of students and then analyze them both independently and in a group. The main thing is to lower the threshold of fear, to give correct comments, to be able to adequately respond to them and develop skills.

4. Set a good example

The teacher should be himself a model of speech behavior, broadcast it in the classroom. By the way, this applies not only to Russian language teachers. Public speaking skills, including from the point of view of working with intonation, must have all teachers - from historian to physicist.

1. Become familiar with the structure of the oral interview assignments.
2. Participate actively in class work in class and after class.
3. Give open, full-fledged answers to questions.
4. Don't be afraid to voice your own opinion.
5. Periodically read modern newspapers and magazines, watch television and radio news, analyze the behavior of the presenters in terms of speech, intonation, and tempo.
6. Get in the habit of taking on the role of storyteller at least once a week.

For example, tell your family members at home new material that you learned in the lesson.

1. The most important thing: communicate with your children, discuss what you have read, watched, explain, prove your point of view with arguments, which will also become a model of speech behavior for the child.
2. Ask questions more often:

How did you spend your school day?

What impressed you, made you happy, saddened, upset?

Where do you feel more confident?

What tasks have you set for tomorrow?

How are you ready to deal with them?

What you see?

In this case, any conversation will help develop the child's emotional and speech sphere, help him to be more confident, interesting, bright interlocutor.

Speaking about preparing ninth-graders for the oral part of the OGE, I recommend including verbal warm-ups. As homework I invite students to create a presentation (picture + main provisions (aspects) for telling about themselves or questions for conversation and reasoning on a given topic). This helps students to better understand the structure of the assignment, teaches them to draw up an answer plan, determine main idea statements and select keywords to build a monologue text.

In the 9th grade, it is interesting not only to practice speaking skills, the ability to compose texts different styles but also create an exam situation. An organizer is appointed among the students who keeps track of the time; experts who note speech disorders. Fixing speech deficiencies, repetitions and grammatical errors in the construction of sentences and the forms of words, students in the future try to avoid these mistakes in their answer. In addition, in my opinion, students undergo a kind of psychological adaptation.

Thus, the formation of communication skills, taking into account the requirements of modern reality, is one of the main tasks of the teacher of the Russian language and literature in the process of educational activities.