The theme of the native land in the creativity of Tsvetaeva. The theme of the Motherland in the lyrics of M. Tsvetaeva. Several interesting compositions

The theme of the homeland in the lyrics of Marina Tsvetaeva.
O stubborn tongue!
What would be simply a man,
Understand, he sang before me:
-Russia, my homeland!
M. Tsvetaeva.
Marina Tsvetaeva is a poet whose poems are unusual and filled with tremendous power of experience. As on the palette, the artist mixes several colors, forming a unique shade, so in Tsvetaeva's work the main themes: love, poet and poetry and homeland - merge into a single whole, forming \ "poetry of intimate life. \"
But in this complex interweaving of feelings and emotions, the character of the poetess is clearly visible, the origins of which are in love for the motherland, for the Russian word, for Russian history, for Russian culture, for Russian nature.
\ "Forgive me, my mountains!
Forgive me, my rivers!
Forgive me, my cornfields!
Forgive me, my herbs! \ "
For Marina Tsvetaeva, Russia is an expression of the spirit of rebellion, exuberant space and boundless breadth.
Others stray with all flesh after the flesh,
From dry lips - they swallow their breath ...
And I - arms wide open! - froze - tetanus!
To blow my soul out - a Russian draft!
The poet carried her love for the homeland throughout her life. Her early poems are imbued with fondness for Moscow, where she was born.
And hallelujah pours
Into the dark fields.
-I kiss you on the chest,
Moscow land!
She did not forget about Tarusa, where she spent her childhood and adolescence.
But also from the Kaluga hill
She opened up to me-
Dal is a distant land!
Foreign country, my homeland!
In May 1922, Marina followed her husband abroad. Her poems, written in exile, are homesickness, the bitterness of separation from Russia. Tsvetaeva has forever merged with her homeland, with her free and desperate soul.
Dahl, born like pain,
So homeland and so
Rock that is everywhere, through the whole
Dal - I carry it all with me.
Somewhere far away, native fields, which have absorbed the smell of early morning, somewhere far away, a native sky, somewhere far away, a native country. And kilometers of roads indifferently share Marina Tsvetaeva with her.
In a certain lining of musical notes
Lying like a sheet -
Railway tracks,
Rail cutting blue.
Abroad, the poetess follows the events taking place in Russia. She writes poems about the Chelyuskinites, is proud that they are Russians.
For you with every muscle
I hold on - and I am proud:
Chelyuskinites are Russians!
Marina Tsvetaeva always admired the country in which she was born, she knew that her homeland was mysterious and extraordinary. in it, the extremes are sometimes combined without any transitions and rules. What could be warmer than your land, which nurtured and raised you like a mother, who cannot be dispensed with, who cannot be betrayed? Wideness and open spaces native land, the wind \ "Russian, through \" - that's what Marina has absorbed. And it was Russia, immense and severe, adamant and patient, she bequeathed to her son.
My child ... Mine? Her -
Child! The same reality
With which the reality grows.
The earth, crumbled into dust, -
Is it possible for a child in the cradle
Carry in shaking handfuls:
- \ "Rus - this dust, honor - this dust! \"

"A poet in Russia is more than a poet." All of us, perhaps, are familiar with these lines from childhood. But I wonder if anyone is now thinking about the meaning of this common line? Why is the simple ability to put words into rhymes, and rhymes into a coherent narrative ...

1. The tragic fate of the poetess. 2. The main meaning of the poem. 3. Analysis of the content of the work. 4. Speech techniques used by the author. The fate of M. I. Tsvetaeva, beautiful woman and a genius poetess, was very tragic. Almost ...

In the hall. - This poem, like the six subsequent ones, was first published in Tsvetaeva's first collection of poems "Evening Album", Moscow, 1910. The book was noticed, in particular, by M. Voloshin, V., Bryusov. Voloshin wrote that none of the Russians ...

The genius of Marina Tsvetaeva lies in her strength and originality. In her work, much went beyond the usual foundations, widely recognized literary tastes. The same can be said about the personality of the poetess, who in her early youth vowed to remain faithful to herself ...

Lesson-seminar on the topic: “M.I. Tsvetaeva. Lyrics. The theme of Russia is the most important in the work of the poetess ”is carried out on the basis of independent work in small groups. The assignments for each group are designed so that students conduct an independent study of the development of the theme of Russia in Tsvetaeva's work, due to the tragedy of the poet's personal fate and the fate of an entire generation, which was destined to go through the test of emigration and find themselves "in a foreign land" in their homeland.

Stages of work on the lesson material help to develop independent work skills, interest and creative imagination, cognitive activity students:

1. acquaintance with the biography of Marina Tsvetaeva and her passion for literature and Russian culture;
2. the first collections of poetry by Tsvetaeva and their recognition

M. Voloshin;

1. the love story of Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergei Efron and worship of her husband;
2. the development of the theme of Russia during the period of emigration (poems addressed to the son);
3. the desire of the poetess to return to her homeland and the return of the historical homeland to her son;
4. comparative analysis of the poems "Homeland" and "Longing for the Homeland! For a long time…";
5. compose crossword questions on the topic of the lesson and answer questions;
6. memorize one poem of the poetess (developing the skill of expressive reading of a poetic text).

The topic of the relationship between the poet and the state is very painful for many generations of Russian writers and poets. A significant place in the lesson is occupied by the reading of Marina Tsvetaeva's poems - from the first, youthful "To my poems written so early ..." to the philosophical "Longing for the Motherland! For a long time ... "and" Russia is mine, Russia, why are you burning so brightly? "

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Lessons no.

Lyrics by M. Tsvetaeva (1892-1941). Poetry of M. Tsvetaeva as a lyrical diary of the era. The confessionality of Tsvetaev's lyrics.

The theme of the Motherland, the "gathering" of Russia in the works of M. Tsvetaeva.

Explanatory note

The study of Russian poetry at the beginning of the 20th century makes it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the development of a traditional theme in literature - the theme of Russia - in the works of A. Blok and S. Yesenin, M. Tsvetaeva and A. Akhmatova.

Lesson-seminar on the topic: “M.I. Tsvetaeva. Lyrics. The theme of Russia is the most important in the work of the poetess ”is carried out on the basis of independent work in small groups. The assignments for each group are designed so that students conduct an independent study of the development of the theme of Russia in Tsvetaeva's work, due to the tragedy of the poet's personal fate and the fate of an entire generation, which was destined to go through the test of emigration and find themselves "in a foreign land" in their homeland.

Stages of work on the material of the lesson help to develop skills of independent work, interest and creative imagination, cognitive activity of students:

1. acquaintance with the biography of Marina Tsvetaeva and her passion for literature and Russian culture;
2. the first collections of poetry by Tsvetaeva and their recognition

M. Voloshin;

1. the love story of Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergei Efron and worship of her husband;
2. the development of the theme of Russia during the period of emigration (poems addressed to the son);
3. the desire of the poetess to return to her homeland and the return of the historical homeland to her son;
4. comparative analysis of the poems "Homeland" and "Longing for the Homeland! For a long time…";
5. compose crossword questions on the topic of the lesson and answer questions;
6. memorize one poem of the poetess (developing the skill of expressive reading of a poetic text).

The topic of the relationship between the poet and the state is very painful for many generations of Russian writers and poets. A significant place in the lesson is occupied by the reading of Marina Tsvetaeva's poems - from the first, youthful "To my poems written so early ..." to the philosophical "Longing for the Motherland! For a long time ... "and" Russia is mine, Russia, why are you burning so brightly? "

Research topic tragic fate poet in the tragic period of the historical fate of Russia (method of teaching in cooperation)

Card-dictionary of literary terms

PURPOSE: to acquaint students with the personality of the poetess, her creative heritage;

Improve independent work in small groups based on advance assignments on the topic of the lesson;

To improve work on the development of the theme of the Motherland in Russian poetry of the early 20th century;

To form an idea of ​​destiny in students creative personality in a totalitarian state.

LESSON TYPE: study of new material on the basis of independent work; lesson - seminar.

CONDUCTING METHODS: conversation, research - work on a comparative analysis of poems, dialogical - individual and group assignments on the topic.

INTER-SUBJECT RELATIONS:

Russian history. Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century. Russian emigration after the October Revolution of 1917. Culture of Russia in the first half of the twentieth century.

VISIBILITY, TSO: portrait of M.I. Tsvetaeva, collections of poems, an exhibition on the topic of the lesson, a video clip "Tarusa Marina Tsvetaeva", a book of memoirs by Anastasia Tsvetaeva, information cards.

EPIGRAPH FOR LESSON: Scattered in the dust on the shops.

(Where no one took them and does not take them!)

To my poems, like precious wines,

It will be its turn. M. Tsvetaeva (1913)

“Russia is mine, Russia,

Why are you burning so brightly? " M. Tsvetaeva (1931)

NOTES ON THE BOARD:

Do you agree with the statement of M. Tsvetaeva that

DICTIONARY WORK: comparisons, metaphor.

I. Organizational moment

1. Checking the presence and readiness of students for the beginning of the lesson.

2. Preparing students for the perception of new material.

3. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

II. Introductory speech of the teacher

1. Students recite the poem "To My Poems Written So Early ..."

2. Against the background of the video clip, the teacher explains why it is necessary to refer to the facts of the biography of M. Tsvetaeva.

III. Learning new material based on advance assignments.

BUT . Leading tasks

Topic: “M.I. Tsvetaeva. A life. Creation. Fate"

B. Work on advanced assignments in small groups (when completing the assignment, the participation of the entire group and each participant in it is taken into account).

A. 1. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva was born on September 26, 1892 in Moscowin the family of a professor at Moscow University, founder and director of the Museum of Fine Arts (now the Museum fine arts named after A.S. Pushkin) Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev. Mother - Maria Alexandrovna Mein - from a Russified Polish-German family, one of the gifted students of Nikolai Rubinstein. “Mom and Dad were completely different. Each has its own wound in the heart. Mom has music and poetry, dad has science. "

2. Marina Tsvetaeva wrote about her birth in a poem:

With a red brush, a rowan lit up,

Leaves fell, I was born.

Hundreds of bells were arguing.

The day was Saturday, John the Theologian.

"With a red brush ...")

3. Because of the mother's illness, the family often had to move from place to place, including abroad. Marina's childhood was spent in Trekhprudny lane in Moscow and at a dacha, on the Oka, near the town of Tarusa, Kaluga province. At the age of 16, Marina made her first independent trip to the Sorbonne, where she attended a course in the history of Old French literature. At the same time, she helped her father in the creation of the museum - "the family's favorite brainchild." After the death of her mother, Marina, who was fluent in German and French, practically conducted all of her father's foreign correspondence.

4. Sisters Marina and Anastasia were orphaned early. The mother died of tuberculosis when the eldest was 14 years old, and the youngest - 12. In the summer of 1906, returning from another treatment, before reaching Moscow, Maria Alexandrovna dies.

B. 1. She began to publish at the age of 16, before the revolution in Russia three books of her poems were published: "Evening Album" (1910), "Magic Lantern" (1912), "From Two Books" (1913).The first collection of poetry was published in 1910, when Marina was in high school. During a trip to Koktebel, she meets Maximilian Voloshin.

In 1913, father Ivan Vladimirovich dies.

2. The main advantage of the first poetry collections "Evening Album" and "Magic Lantern" is that they revealed her most precious quality as a poet - the identity between personality and word.Maximian Voloshin praised the first collection of poetry, stating:

Your book is a message "from there",

Good morning news ...

I have not accepted a miracle for a long time ...

But how sweet it is to hear: "There is a miracle!"

(The student reads a poem"You go like me")

3. In the 1920s, two books with the same title "Versts" were published, in which the lyrics of 1914-1921 were collected. One of the books did not receive recognition not only among readers, but also in poetic circles.

(The student reads a poem"Who is made of stone ...")

IN 1. The love story of Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergei Efron(hearing individual assignments).

In Koktebel, they meet their future husband Sergei Efron, who is 17 years old. They got married six months later. In 1912, the second book of poems, The Magic Lantern, was published and the first daughter, Ariadne, was born. Tsvetaeva addressed more than 20 poems to Sergei Efron. Here are the lines from Marina's letter: “He is extraordinarily and nobly handsome, he is beautiful externally and internally, he is brilliantly gifted, clever, noble. Soul, manners, face - all like a mother. And his mother was a beauty and a heroine. " She drowned in happiness, believed in the fabulousness of life and the eternity of love. Love changed appearance and illuminated the poetry of Marina Tsvetaeva.

(The student reads a poem"Waiting on the dusty roads")

2. In the appearance of Sergei, the magnificent and worthy faces of heroes from the past were reflected, therefore the poem, written on December 26, 1913, is addressed to Tsvetaeva to the generals of the twelfth year, but is dedicated to her husband:

All the peaks were small for you

And soft - the hardest bread,

O young generals

Their destinies.

(The student reads a poem"Generals of the twelfth year")

G. The beginning of the development of the theme of Russia in the work of M. Tsvetaevaconnected with Moscow, in which she felt at ease and happy, despite the worries and inconveniences of life. The cycle of poems about Moscow is Marina Tsvetaeva's Moscow: ancient and majestic, proud and heroic, traditional and folk.

"Poems about Moscow")

D. 1. The years of emigration and exile 1922-1939.Marina Tsvetaeva's husband, Sergei Efron, was an officer, fought in the volunteer army and emigrated along with the remnants of this army. Rejection of the collection "Versts" and a feeling of uselessness in Russia, the uncertainty of her husband's fate, domestic disorder, the death of her daughter, hunger were the main reasons for her emigration.

The cycle of poems "Swan Camp" is dedicated to the White Army.This is a requiem for a doomed sacrifice to the white movement, a requiem for the mournful path of her husband. They met in Berlin, moved to Prague, where they lived for three years, and then left for France, where they lived for thirteen and a half years.

2. The tragedy of the loss of the Motherland pours out in Tsvetaeva's émigré poetry in opposition to herself - Russian - to everything that is non-Russian and therefore alien. The individual "I" becomes part of the single Russian "we":

My Russia, Russia,

Why are you burning so brightly?

(The student reads a poem"Luchina")

3. The main motive is the tragic sound of the loss of the Motherland, orphanhood, and especially - homesickness:

Every house is alien to me, every temple is empty to me,

And everything is the same, and everything is one.

But if there is a bush on the way

Rises, especially - mountain ash.

(Students read poems"Homesickness! For a long time…" and "Rodina")

4. Marina Tsvetaeva dreamed of returning to her homeland, but most of all to return the historical homeland to his son George (born in 1925).

(Students read poems from the cycle"Poems to the Son")

5. The eldest daughter Ariadna Efron, who, according to Marina Tsvetaeva, grew up from her poems, who shared with her mother all her sorrows and troubles and fully drank her grief (8 years of Stalin's camps, 6 years of exile - and only then rehabilitation), wrote: “ … One had to go through so much and suffer to grow to understand his own mother. "

E. “And - most importantly - I know how they will love me (read - what!) In a hundred years!”

Homecoming. On June 12, 1939, Marina Tsvetaeva sailed from France to her homeland to meet troubles and death. The world of the "iron" age in a loop swept her throat. Husband and daughter were arrested. The publication of a book of poetry is delayed. A. Blok, S. Yesenin, V. Mayakovsky, N. Gumilyov are no longer alive. There is nothing to live on.

E. On August 31, 1941, Marina Tsvetaeva voluntarily passed away in the Tatar city of Elabuga.

"But forgive me - I couldn't bear it."

IV. Work on assignments in small groups on the theme of the Motherland in the lyrics

M. Tsvetaeva.

V. Consolidation of the material based on the answers of students on the topic of the lesson.

1. Solving a crossword puzzle in the course of discussing issues.
2. Reading by heart the poems of M. Tsvetaeva.

3. Discussion of materials on issues. Generalization of the lesson material through the main quote, which became Marina Tsvetaeva's conviction in life:"All modernity in the present - the coexistence of times, ends and beginnings, a living knot - which can only be cut."

Vi. The final stage lesson.

1. Homework.

S. 308-318 (according to the textbook of S.A. Zinin and V.A. Chalmaev, part 1), fill out the table of life and creative pursuits. Learn a poem by M. Tsvetaeva.

1. Write a reflection on the topic: "Where does the Motherland begin?"
2. Grading. Summing up the lesson.

Appendix No. 1

Small group assignments on the topic of the lesson:

“M.I. Tsvetaeva. The theme of the Motherland, the "gathering" of Russia in the works of M. Tsvetaeva»

Appendix No. 2

Topic: M.I. Tsvetaeva (1892 - 1941)

Independent work in small groups

Comparative analysis of poems

M. Tsvetaeva "Homeland" and "Longing for the Homeland! For a long time…"

Purpose: 1. get acquainted with the poems of M. Tsvetaeva;

2. Determine what is the poet's commitment to the theme of Russia;

3. Write a reflection on the topic: "Where does the Motherland begin?"

Appendix No. 3

Crossword questions on the topic:

“M.I. Tsvetaeva. A life. Creation. Fate.

The theme of Russia is the most important in Tsvetaeva's work "

1. The city where Marina Tsvetaeva was born.

2. What is the name of Marina Tsvetaeva's mother?

3. University, where Marina Tsvetaeva attended a course in Old French literature (city).

4. The tree, which became a kind of talisman on the life path of Marina Tsvetaeva.

5. A cycle of verses addressed to ... (word).

6. The European state in which Marina Tsvetaeva lived during her emigration for more than thirteen years.

7. What is the name of adherence to one topic in the literature?

8. What striking quality is found in the first poetry collections of Marina Tsvetaeva?

9. What is the name of Marina Tsvetaeva's husband?

10. Which collection of poetry was not accepted by the critics and became one of the reasons for her departure abroad?

11. The period of Marina Tsvetaeva's stay in a foreign land.

12. City (name) - the last refuge of the poetess.

13. Which of the poets, giving an assessment to Marina Tsvetaeva's first collection "Evening Album", called it "a miracle"?

14. The poet's talent, which has found its reader, is ...

Answers to crossword puzzle questions:

1 - Moscow, 2- Maria, 3 - Sorbonne, 4 - mountain ash, 5 - son, 6 - France, 7 - tradition, 8 - identity, 9 - Sergei, 10 - "Versts", 11 - emigration, 12 - Elabuga, 13 - Voloshin, 14 - recognition.

Crossword keywords: MARINA TSVETAEVA

Crossword for the lesson on the topic: "Marina Tsvetaeva"

PURPOSE: to acquaint students with the personality of the poetess, her creative heritage;

improve independent work in small groups based on advance assignments on the topic of the lesson;

improve work on the development of the theme of the Motherland in Russian poetry at the beginning of the 20th century;

to form in students an idea of ​​the fate of a creative person in a totalitarian state.

LESSON TYPE : study of new material on the basis of independent work; lesson - seminar.

CONDUCTING METHODS: conversation, research - work on a comparative analysis of poems, dialogical - individual and group assignments on the topic.

EPIGRAPH FOR LESSON: Scattered in the dust on the shops.

(Where no one took them and does not take them!)

To my poems, like precious wines,

It will be its turn. M. Tsvetaeva (1913)

“Russia is mine, Russia,

Why are you burning so brightly? " M. Tsvetaeva (1931)

I. Organizational moment

1. Checking the presence and readiness of students for the beginning of the lesson.

2. Preparing students for the perception of new material.

3. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

II. Introductory speech of the teacher

1. Students recite the poem "To My Poems Written So Early ..."

2. The teacher explains why it is necessary to refer to the facts of the biography of M. Tsvetaeva.

III. Work on assignments in small groups on the topic of the Motherland in the lyrics

M. Tsvetaeva.

V. Consolidation of the material based on the answers of students on the topic of the lesson.

Solving a crossword puzzle in the course of discussing issues.

Reading by heart the poems of M. Tsvetaeva.

Homework.

Write a reflection on the topic: "Where does the Motherland begin?"

Appendix No. 2

Topic: M.I. Tsvetaeva (1892 - 1941)

Independent work in small groups

Comparative analysis of poems

M. Tsvetaeva "Homeland" and "Longing for the Homeland! For a long time…"

Purpose: 1. get acquainted with the poems of M. Tsvetaeva;

2. Determine what is the poet's commitment to the theme of Russia;

3.write a reflection

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The theme of the Motherland in Tsvetaeva's work. "Collecting" Russia. The poet and the world.

Goals:

1. Continue acquaintance of students with the main milestones in the life of the poetess.
2. Show how the Theme of the Motherland is revealed in the poetry of M. Tsvetaeva. Help to understand the peculiarities of the poetic text.
3. Create an atmosphere of "immersion" in the work of the master.

Methodical techniques:teacher's story, heuristic conversation, collective analysis of a poetic work, comments, preliminary homework.

During the classes.

I. Expressive reading poems by heart of the students' choice.

II. Teacher's word. 1917 year. February, then October Revolution reshaped the family life of Russians. Sergei Efron is in the ranks of the white army, he leaves for the Don to fight against the revolutionary government. Marina Tsvetaeva with her two children remained in Moscow. In the collection "Swan Camp" glorifies the white movement not for political reasons, but because her lover was there. The difficult years begin, Tsvetaeva survives in this world ...

“Do you want to see my day? Please: I get up - cold - puddles - saw dust - buckets - jugs, rags - everywhere children's dresses, shirts. I drink, drown, wash potatoes in ice water, which I boil in a samovar.

Then cleaning, washing. Route: in kindergarten, for enhanced nutrition, from there to the dining room (on a card from shoemakers), to former Generalov- whether they give bread - from there again to the kindergarten for lunch, from there - along the back stairs, hung with jugs and tins, along the back stairs - home. Directly to the stove. I inflate. I'm warming up. All dinners - in one saucepan - soup like porridge. I'm boiling coffee. Drink. I smoke. At 10 o'clock the day is over. At 11 or 12 I'm already in bed. Happy with a light near the pillow, silence, a notebook, a cigarette, sometimes bread ... "

In February 1920, the youngest daughter Irina died. Another scar on the heart, another gray strand ...

Poems.

Unfortunately, this fateful year changed the lives of many poets, the fate of Marina Tsvetaeva was no exception. In 1921, she found out that her husband was alive - she received the first news from him. This concludes the first part of the bitter and incredible fate of Marina Tsvetaeva. And the second begins - after Russia.

On Monday, a bright day on May 15, 1922, Marina Tsvetaeva and Alea got off at the train station in Berlin. And in July, after a long separation, she finally saw her husband. How long they both stood, embracing, how they began to wipe each other's cheeks, wet with tears. It was this summer day that predetermined another separation, a long, 17-year separation from Russia.

Nailed to the pillory
Old Slavic conscience,
With a snake in my heart and a brand on my forehead
I claim that I am innocent.
I affirm that there is peace in me
Participants before the sacrament,
That it’s not my fault that I’m with my hand
I stand in the squares - for happiness.
Review all my goodness,
Tell me - or have I gone blind?
Where is my gold? Where is the silver?
I have only a handful of ashes in my hand!
And that's all that revenge and pleading
I asked the happy ones.
And that's all I'll take with me
To the land of silent kissing

1920

And yet there was a place on earth where she was absolutely happy and absolutely unhappy - the Czech Republic. The homeland of all who are without a country. Center for Russian emigration in the early 20's. Czech Republic, where she arrived at the age of 30. She lived in the Czech Republic for exactly 3 years and 3 months, where her best poems were written, where her son George was born. A very bright and happy period; the collection "Separation", "Psyche", "Craft", "Tsar Maiden", "To Blok" is published. Blok is “a knight without reproach, almost a deity”. Although she was not familiar with him:

Your name is a bird in your hand
Your name is a piece of ice on your tongue.
One - only lip movement
Your name is five letters.

And then - long years of silence, in emigration it, alas, did not take root - a society of "Friendship with the USSR" appeared; and her husband is an active figure in this union; in the West they are perceived as almost traitors and apostates. Tsvetaeva wrote: “The son was growing up, the daughter was growing up. And no one needs me in Paris. But how cold I feel all the time. Everyone is pushing me to Russia, to which I cannot go. I'm not needed here. There I am impossible. "

In June 1939, mother and son boarded a train. The husband and daughter are already there. They've been there since 1937. No one saw her and her son from Paris. Marina's Golgotha ​​will last 2 more years, her reckoning - for what? for dissimilarity? intolerance? inability to adapt to anything? for the right to be yourself?

In August 1940, M. Tsvetaeva sent a telegram to the Kremlin: "Help me, I am in a desperate situation, writer Marina Tsvetaeva." The MUR sent this telegram by mail. They allocated a room in which she and her son lived before the start of the war.

June 22, 1941. "War"; I recognized it on the radio from an open window when I was walking along Pokrovsky Boulevard (recording by M. I. Tsvetaeva).

On August 8, she was evacuated along with a group of writers who were leaving for Chistopol and Yelabuga.

August 18. On the steamer "Chuvash Republic" M. Tsvetaeva and several other families of writers arrived in Yelabuga. The search for work began immediately.

August 21. M. Tsvetaeva and her son moved to a hut on Voroshilov Street (they occupied part of the room behind the curtain).

A note by M. Tsvetaeva is dated August 26: “To the Council of the Literary Fund. Please accept me to work as a dishwasher in the opening dining room of the Literary Fund ”. (The dining room will open only in the fall.) Not accepted.

On August 31, Sunday, when no one was at home, Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva committed suicide by hanging herself in the hallway of the hut. She left three notes: to her son, Aseev and those who will bury her.

On September 2, Marina Ivanovna was buried at the Yelabuga cemetery. The grave has not been found.

III. The theme of the Motherland in the poetry of M. Tsvetaeva

The works of M. Tsvetaeva are marked by a deep sense of the homeland. Russia for her is an expression of the spirit of rebellion, disobedience, self-will. Moscow Russia, its kings and queens, its Kremlin shrines, the Time of Troubles, False Dmitry, the freeman of Stepan Razin and, finally, restless, tavern, podzabornaya, convict Russia - all these are images of one national element:

An unstoped path

Bad fire, -

Oh, Motherland -

Russia, Unshoothed horse!

Her poems are unusual and filled with tremendous power of experience. The twentieth century - the era in which Tsvetaeva worked - was associated with many social upheavals, and therefore it is not at all surprising that completely new, tragic motives arose in literature. But in this complex interweaving of feelings and emotions, the character of the poetess is clearly visible, the origins of which are in love for the motherland, for the Russian word, for Russian history, for Russian culture, for Russian nature. Russian nature for M. Tsvetaeva is a source of creativity. The description of the landscape always emphasizes its Russianness:

I bow to Russian rye,

The cornfield, where the woman is frozen ...

Of dampness and sleepers

I am rebuilding Russia.

From dampness - and piles,

From dampness - and dullness.

"Forgive me, my mountains!
Forgive me, my rivers!
Forgive me, my cornfields!
Forgive me, my herbs! "

Years of emigration

She did not leave her homeland for ideological reasons, as many did at that time, but went to her beloved who found herself outside of Russia. Marina Ivanovna knew that it would be difficult for her, but there was no choice.

Her poems, written in exile, are homesickness, the bitterness of separation from Russia.

Dahl, born like pain,
So homeland and so
Rock that is everywhere, through the whole
Dal - I carry it all with me.

Abroad, Tsvetaeva was enthusiastically received, but soon the emigre circles grew cold towards her, since she did not want to write libels against Russia even for the sake of earning money. She remained a devoted daughter of the country, remembered every stone of Moscow's pavements, familiar nooks and crannies, and did not allow the thought that a new meeting with her homeland would not take place.

Have not gone anywhere - you and me -
Turned into holes - all the seas!
To co-owners of the ragged five -
Oceans can’t afford!

Longing for her homeland, Tsvetaeva considered herself to have temporarily left, and her poems helped her to spiritually join the great community of Russians, whom she never ceased to consider compatriots.

O stubborn tongue!
What would be simply a man.
Understand, he sang before me! -

Russia, my homeland!

You! I will lose my hand -
At least two! I will subscribe with my lips
On the block: the strife of my land -
Pride, my homeland!

Following the great poets of Russia, Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva carried in her soul and sang in her lyrics a great and holy feeling for the motherland.

“My real reader is in Russia,” she said while living in France. And stubbornly repeated: "If I had been published in Russia, everyone would have found his own."

She was twenty-nine when she left Russia. Forty-seven turned three months after returning home. Emigration turned out to be a difficult time for her, and in the end, tragic.

Let in poverty and non-recognition, but how much she has created during these seventeen years!

And how many of these works she dedicated to her beloved homeland!

The magic of the German extravaganza,

Languid waltz German and simple,

And the meadows in abandoned Russia,

Bloomed with night blindness.

Sweet meadow! We loved you so much

With a golden path at the Oka ...

Cars scurry between the trunks

Golden May beetles.

Of great importance for understanding the poetry of Tsvetaeva, which she took by the 30s, is the cycle "Poems to the Son" and the collection of poems "Versty".

My land, my land, sold

All, alive, with the beast,

With wonderful gardens,

With rocks

With whole nations

In a field without shelter,

Moaning: -Motherland!

My motherland!

Bogova! Bohemia!

Don't lie like a layer!

God gave both

And again he will!

Raised a hand in an oath

All your sons

Die for the homeland

All - who are without a country!

Longing for Russia is reflected in such lyrical poems as "Dawn on the Rails", "Luchina", "I bow to the Russian rye", "Oh stubborn language ..." does not know:

Until the day is up
With his passions pitted
Of dampness and sleepers
I am rebuilding Russia.

IV.Analysis of M. Tsvetaeva's poem "homesickness"

Homesickness! For a long time
Trouble Unveiled!
I don't care at all -
Where completely lonely

Be on what stones to go home
Stroll with the bazaar wallet
Into the house, and not knowing what is mine,
Like a hospital or a barracks.

I don't care which among
Faces bristle captive
Leo, from what human environment
To be displaced - certainly -

Into oneself, into one-man feelings.
Kamchatka bear without ice floe
Where not to get along (and I'm not trying!),
Where to humiliate - I am one.

I will not delude myself with my tongue
Relatives, his milky appeal.
I don't care what
Incomprehensible to be oncoming!

(Reader, newspaper tons
Swallower, gossip milker ...)
Twentieth century - he,
And I - until every century!

Dumbfounded like a log
Remaining from the alley
Everything is equal to me, everything is equal to me,
And, perhaps, the most equal -

The former is dearer to everything.
All the signs are from me, all the meta,
All dates are gone:
The soul born is somewhere.

So the edge did not save me
My, that and the most keen-sighted detective
Along the whole soul, all - across!
He won't find a birthmark!

Every house is alien to me, every temple is empty to me,
And everything is the same, and everything is one.
But if there is a bush on the way
Rises, especially - rowan ...

The theme of this work is the Motherland. The idea is love for the Motherland. The composition of the poem is rather unusual. Contrast plays a special role in it. Inner world the heroine is contrasted with the indifferent and cynical world around her. Tsvetaeva is forced to exist among the "newspaper tons of swallowers" and "gossip milkers" who belong to the twentieth century.

However, the heroine says about herself: "And I - until every century!". In this poem by M. Tsvetaeva there are many pictorial and expressive means:

contextual antonyms: homeland - "hospital or barracks", native language- “it does not matter - what kind of incomprehensible to be oncoming!”, “The former is dearer - of all” - “the most equal”.

Comparisons: "a house ... like a hospital or barracks", "a Kamchatka bear without an ice floe", "dumbfounded like a log left over from an alley."

An important role is played by the words “all the same”, “most equal”, “to be completely alone”, “from what human environment to be displaced - by all means”, “where not to get along”, “where to humiliate”. With their help, the loneliness of the heroine, her dislike for a foreign country, as well as sadness and suffering from a break with her native land, are clearly emphasized.

In the words “a soul born somewhere” there is a complete detachment from concrete time and space. There is not a trace left of the connection with the homeland.

The intonation of this piece is also interesting. From melodious and flowing, it turns into an oratorical one, even breaking into a shout:

The poem "Homesickness!" written in iambic tetrameter. There is a special Tsvetaeva rhythm, which is dictated by feelings. The rhyme of this work by M. Tsvetaeva is also interesting. There is no accuracy and agreement in it: in the first and third lines there is an exact rhyme (for a long time), and in the second and fourth lines - inaccurate (hassle-lonely), which indicates the sincerity of the lyric heroine's speech. She understands that a part of her Motherland will forever remain in her soul. She is forever connected with her native land.<неи<неи

V. Analysis of the poem " HOMELAND "

Oh, stubborn tongue!
What would be simply a man,
Understand, he sang before me:
"Russia, my homeland!"

But also from the Kaluga hill
She opened up to me -
Dal, distant land!
Foreign country, my homeland!

Dahl, born like pain,
So homeland and so -
Rock that is everywhere, through the whole
Dal - I carry it all with me!

The distance that made me close
Dahl saying "Come back
Home!" From everyone - to the mountain stars -
Taking pictures of me places!

No wonder, doves of water,
I dabbled my foreheads.

You! I will lose my hand, -
At least two! I will subscribe with my lips
On the block: the strife of my land -
Pride, my homeland!

1932

This is the kind of work that you need to get a grasp of. Peculiarities of Tsvetaeva's poetry: romanticism, the increased role of metaphor, intonation "lifted" to the sky, lyrical associativity.

"O stubborn language!": Speech, the word can not always accurately express the feelings that a person experiences. We remember FI Tyutchev: "A spoken thought is a lie."

“Why simply - a man, / Understand, he sang before me ...”: “Why simply” is a colloquial expression; “Understand” is an appeal to oneself, in front of us is a part of an internal dialogue; "Sang" - a verb denoting repeated actions (sang many times); “Man” here does not denote a specific person, it has a generalized meaning.

“But also from the Kaluga hill / She opened up to me…”; "Kaluga hill" - dear, beloved Tsvetaeva Tarusa is located on the Kaluga land, on the Oka River. She is italicized as something ancient, sacred - and at the same time deeply personal, intimate.

The “Far Away Land” evokes in its creation a fabulous “Far Away Kingdom, a Thirty State”, something mythical, but nevertheless all fairytale heroes keep their way there, there are all the wonders, all the secrets are hidden. Homeland is a land that is real and distant for the heroine at the same time.

“A foreign country, my homeland!”: We habitually call the country where we live as our country. If you have to live in a foreign land for a long time, you get used to it. And already the homeland begins to seem alien, unfamiliar, especially if great changes have taken place in this homeland.

"Distance, innate, like pain ..." For a Russian person, seeing, feeling the distance, the vastness, the breadth of the fields is as much an inalienable sensation as the eternal and inevitable possibility of a person to experience pain.

Homework:

Humoris tic prose of the 20s. Stories by M. Zoshchenko

A. Averchenko and the "kings of laughter" from the group "Satyricon".

Analysis of the stories of A. Averchenko, M. Zoshchenko

Philosophical implications of stories