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Veide Adam Adamovich(1667-1720) - Russian commander, general of infantry. From the family of a foreign colonel who served the Russian tsars. He began his service in the "amusing" troops of Peter l. Member of the Azov campaigns in 1695-1696. Military training on the orders of Peter took place in Austria, England and France. In 1698 he drew up the "Military Regulations", which / provided for and strictly prescribed the duties of military officials. He took part in drawing up the "Military Regulations" in 1716. During the Northern War, he commanded a division at Narva (1700), where he was taken prisoner and remained there until 1710. In the Prut campaign he also commanded a division. Participated in expeditions of the Russian army to Finland, Pomerania, Mecklenburg. Particularly distinguished himself in the Gangut naval battle. Since 1717 - President of the Military Collegium.

Greig Samuel Karlovich(1736-1788) - military leader, admiral (1782). Honorary Member of the St. Petersburg Academy

Sciences (1783). A native of Scotland. Served as a volunteer in the English Navy. In Russia since 1764, he was hired by the captain of the 1st rank. He commanded a number of warships of the Baltic Fleet. During the Mediterranean expedition of the squadron of Admiral G. A. Spiridov, he was the adviser on naval affairs to A. G. Orlov. In the Battle of Chesme, he commanded a detachment that destroyed the Turkish fleet, for which he was awarded hereditary nobility. In 1773-1774. commanded a new squadron sent from Kronstadt to the Mediterranean. In May 1775, he delivered Princess Tarakanova, captured by A.G. Orlov, to St. Petersburg. From 1777 - chief of a naval division. In 1788 he was appointed commander of the Baltic Fleet. Defeated the Swedes in the Hogland naval battle. He made a great contribution to the rearmament of the Russian fleet, the reconstruction of ports and naval bases.

Gudovich Ivan Vasilievich(1741-1820) - military leader, field marshal general (1807), count (1797). He began his service as a warrant officer in 1759. Then he served as an adjutant of PI Shuvalov, adjutant general of Peter III's uncle, Prince George of Holstein. With the coming to power of Catherine II, he was arrested, but soon released / Since 1763 - the commander of the Astrakhan infantry regiment. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. distinguished himself in the battles of Khotin (1769), at Larga (1770), Cahul (1770). In November 1770, the troops led by him occupied Bucharest. From 1774 he commanded a division in the Ukraine. Then he was the Ryazan and Tambov Governor-General, Inspector General (1787-1796). In November 1790, I was appointed commander of the Kuban corps and I was the head of the Caucasian line. At the head of the 7-thousandth detachment, he occupied Anapa (June 22, 1791). He achieved the annexation of the territory of Dagestan to Russia. In 1796. retired. After the accession to the throne of Paul I, he was returned and appointed commander of the troops in Persia. Since 1798 - Kiev, then Podolsk Governor-General. In 1799 - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Rhine Army. In 1800 he was dismissed for criticizing the military reform of Paul I. In 1806 he returned to service and was appointed commander-in-chief of the troops in Georgia and Dagestan. Since 1809 - commander-in-chief in Moscow, member of the Indispensable (since 1810 - State) Council, senator. From 1812 - retired.

Panin Petr Ivanovich(1721-1789) - military leader, general-in-chief, brother of N.I. Panin. During the Seven Years War, he commanded large formations of the Russian army, showing himself to be a capable military leader. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. commanded the 2nd army, took the Vendor fortress by storm. In 1770 he resigned, becoming one of the leaders of the palace opposition. In July 1774, despite the negative attitude of Catherine II, he was appointed commander of the troops aimed at suppressing the Pugachev uprising.

Repnin Anikita Ivanovich(1668-1726) - military leader, field marshal general (1725). One of Peter's companions !. Since 1685 - lieutenant of the "amusing" troops. Since 1699 - Major General. Member of the Azov campaigns. He took part in the creation of the regular Russian army in 1699-1700. In 1708 he was defeated, for which he was demoted, but in the same year he was reinstated in the rank of general. During the Battle of Poltava, he commanded the central section of the Russian army. In 1709-1710. led the siege and capture of Riga. From 1710 - Governor General of Livonia, from January 1724 - President of the Military Collegium.

Repnin Nikolay Vasilievich(1734-1801) - military leader and diplomat, Field Marshal (1796). Served as an officer since 1749. Member of the Seven Years War. In 1762-1763. ambassador to Prussia, then to Poland (1763-1768). During the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. commanded a separate corps. In 1770 he stormed the fortresses of Izmail and Kiliya, participated in the development of conditions for the Kyuchuk-Kainardzhi peace. In 1775-1776. ambassador to Turkey. In 1791, during the absence of GA Potemkin, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian army in the war with Turkey. Governor-General of Smolensk (1777-1778), Pskov (1781), Riga and Revel (1792), Lithuanian (1794-1796). In 1798 he was dismissed.

Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky Petr Alexandrovich(1725 - 1796) - an outstanding Russian commander, Field Marshal General (1770), Count (1744). Enrolled in the guard at the age of six, from the age of 15 he served in the army with the rank of second lieutenant. In 1743 his father sent him to St. Petersburg with the text of the Abo peace treaty, for which he was immediately promoted to colonel and appointed commander of an infantry regiment. At the same time, together with his father, he was awarded the title of count. During the Seven Years' War, commanding a brigade and a division, he distinguished himself at Groß-Jägersdorf (1757) and Kunersdorf (1759). Since 1761 - General-in-Chief. After the overthrow of Peter III - in disgrace. Since 1764 under the patronage of the Orlovs, he was appointed president of the Little Russian Collegium and Governor-General of Little Russia (remained in this position until his death). In the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. commanded the 2nd Army, and then the 1st Army. In the summer of 1770, within one month, he won three outstanding victories over the Turks: at the Pockmarked Grave, Larga and Cahul. From 1771 to 1774 he acted at the head of the army in Bulgaria, forcing the Turks to make peace with Russia. In 1775 he was given the honorary name Zadunaiskiy. Under Potemkin, Rumyantsev's position at court and in the army weakened somewhat. In 1787-1791. commanded the 2nd Army. In 1794 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the army in Poland. Outstanding military theorist - "Instructions" (1761), "Rite of Service" (1770), "Thoughts" (1777).

Saltykov Nikolay Ivanovich(1736-1816) - military and statesman, field marshal general (1796), prince (1814). He began his military service in 1748. He participated in the Seven Years' War. Since 1762 - Major General. Participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. (in the capture of Khotin in 1769, etc.). Since 1773 - General-in-Chief, Vice-President of the Military Collegium and Trustee of the heir to Pavel Petrovich. Since 1783 he was the chief educator of the Grand Dukes Constantine and Alexander. Since 1788 - acting. O. President of the Military Collegium. Since 1790 - Count. In 1796-1802. - President of the Military Collegium. In 1807 he was the leader of the militia. In 1812-1816. - Chairman of the State Council and the Cabinet of Ministers.

Saltykov Petr Semyonovich(1696-1772) - military leader, Field Marshal (1759), Count (1733). He began training in military affairs under Peter I, who sent him to France, where he remained until the 30s. Since 1734 - Major General. Participated in hostilities in Poland (1734) and against Sweden (1741-1743). Since 1754 - General-in-Chief. At the beginning of the Seven Years War, he commanded the Landmilitia regiments in Ukraine. In 1759 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian army and proved himself to be an outstanding commander, defeating the Prussian troops at Kunersdorf and Palzig. In 1760 he was removed from command. In 1764 he was appointed Governor-General of Moscow. After the "plague riot" he was dismissed.

Spiridov Grigory Andreevich(1713-1790) - military leader, admiral (1769). From an officer's family. In the fleet since 1723 he sailed in the Caspian, Azov, White and Baltic seas. From 1741 - commander of a battleship. Member of the Russian-Turkish War of 1735-1739, Seven Years' War of 1756-1763. and the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. From 1762 - Rear Admiral. From 1764 he was the chief commander of the Revelskoy port, and from 1766 - the Kronstadt port. From 1769 - commander of a squadron that made the transition to the Mediterranean Sea. He successfully led the fleet in the battle in the Chios Strait (1770) and in the Battle of Chesme (1770). In 1771-1773. commanded the Russian fleet in the Mediterranean. He made a great contribution to the development of Russian naval art.

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich(1729-1800) - an outstanding Russian commander. Generalissimo (1799). Count of Rymniksky (1789), Prince of Italy (1799). In 1742 he was enrolled in the Semenovsky Guards Regiment. He began his service as a corporal in 1748. with the rank of lieutenant colonel, he was an officer of the headquarters of the commander-in-chief V.V. Fermor. In 1761. participated in hostilities against the Prussian corps near Kolberg. In 1770 he was promoted to major general. Since 1773 - on the Russian-Turkish front, where he won the first victory at Turtukai, and then at Girsovo. In June 1774 he put to flight the 40-thousandth army of the Turks at Kozludzha, having only 18 thousand people. In the same year he was sent to the Urals to suppress the Pugachev uprising. In 1778-1784. commanded the Kuban and Crimean corps, and then prepared an expedition against Persia. During the war with the Turks of 1787-1791. in the rank of general-in-chief was appointed corps commander. In 1787 he defeated the Turkish landing on the Kinburn Spit, and then defeated the Turks at Fokshany and Rymnik. In 1790 he took the impregnable fortress of Izmail by storm. From 1791 - commander of the troops in Finland, in 1792-1794. - in Ukraine. Participated in the suppression of the Polish uprising in 1794, and then (1795-1796) commanded troops in Poland and Ukraine. There he compiled his main military book "The Science of Victory", in which he formulated the essence of the tactics used by him in the well-known triad: eye, speed, onslaught. In February 1797 he was dismissed and sent to the Konchanskoye estate. However, soon, at the request of Russia's allies in the 2nd anti-French coalition, he was appointed commander of the allied forces in Italy, where, through his efforts, in just six months, the entire territory of the country was liberated from the French. After the Italian campaign. in the same 1799, undertook the most difficult campaign to Switzerland, for which he was awarded the rank of generalissimo. Soon he was again dismissed. He died in exile.

Rules of war D.V.Suvorov

1. To act only offensively. 2. In the campaign - speed, in the attack - swiftness; steel arms. 3. No need for methodism, but a true military view. 4. Full power to the commander-in-chief. 5. Hit and attack the enemy in the field. 6. Do not waste time in sieges; perhaps some Mainz as a folding point. - Sometimes an observation corps, a blockade, and best of all, an open assault. - There is less loss. 7. Never crush the forces to occupy points. Bypassing the enemy - so much the better: he himself goes to defeat ... End 1798-1799 Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich(1744-1817) - an outstanding Russian naval commander, admiral (1799) .. Graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps in 1766. He served in the Baltic Fleet. In 1769 he was assigned to the Don Flotilla. Participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791. commanded the battleship St. Paul. In 1788. the vanguard of the Black Sea squadron led by him played a decisive role in the victory over the Turkish fleet at about. Fidonisi. From 1789 - Rear Admiral. Since 1790 - Commander of the Black Sea Fleet. He won major victories over the Turks in the Kerch naval battle (1790), at about. Tendra (1790), near Cape Kaliakria (1791). Since 1793 - Vice Admiral. He headed the campaign of a military squadron in 1798-1800. to the Mediterranean Sea. In 1799 he stormed the fortress on the island. Corfu. During the Italian campaign, Suvorov (1799) contributed to the expulsion of the French from southern Italy, blocking their bases in Ancona and Genoa, commanding the landing forces that distinguished themselves in Naples and Rome. The squadron was withdrawn at the request of the Allies in 1800. Since 1807 - retired.

As already noted, the Land Gentry (from 1800 - 1st) Cadet Corps was the first of the cadet corps created in Russia.
Within its walls, many future military leaders who gained fame on the battlefield were trained. Giving its pupils a thorough military training and all-round education, the cadet corps eventually became not only a prestigious military educational institution, but also a major center of education and culture, a true "knightly academy."
Below we will talk about some graduates of the SSHKK - 1st KK, who distinguished themselves both in the Russian-Turkish wars and in battles with Napoleon's army.

9.1. "THE LEADER IS INTELLIGENT, SKILLED, HARD"

Among the names that make up the military pride of Russia, the name of the famous Russian commander Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev shines with a star of the first magnitude.
Count Peter Alexandrovich Rumyantsev was born on January 4 (15), 1725 in Moscow. His father, General-in-Chief Alexander Ivanovich Rumyantsev, a descendant of ancient, but ignoble and poor Kostroma landowners, occupied an honorable place among the favorites of Peter the Great, who highly valued him as a brave officer, honest, efficient and knowledgeable diplomat.
The commander's mother. Maria Andreevna, belonged to the noblest family of her time. Her grandfather, Artamon Sergeevich Matveev, was the "close boyar" of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, whose second wife. Natalya Kirillovna, was a pupil in the family of her grandfather. Mother's father, Andrei Artamonovich. - a prominent diplomat, associate of Peter I.
The future field marshal was named after the emperor. As a six-year-old boy, Peter was enlisted as a soldier and studied at home under the supervision of his father, who was exiled during the reign of Anna Ioannovna to his village. The boy received a good education at home, spoke French and German, and read a lot.
In 1739, the young Rumyantsev was sent to Berlin as a nobleman of the embassy to acquire skills in the diplomatic service. But the next year, for pranks and pranks, he was recalled, and he entered the Land Gentry Cadet Corps. He studied there for only four months. The young man was not carried away by uniform occupations in the corps, and, taking advantage of the fact that his father, who had returned from exile, was at that time Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Constantinople, he left his studies. Graduated P.A. Rumyantsev from the cadet corps in October 1740 with the rank of second lieutenant. He began his military service in Finland. In 1741 he was already a captain.
For the delivery of the peace treaty with Sweden signed by his father in the city of Abo in 1744, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna promoted Rumyantsev to colonel and appointed him commander of the Voronezh infantry regiment. The brilliant young officer "excelled his comrades with daring, passionately loved the fair sex and was loved by women." At this time, he was known for various eccentricities and scandalous tricks, which were noticed by the empress herself.
However, over the years, everything gradually changed. This was also facilitated by his marriage in 1748 to Princess Ekaterina Mikhailovna Golitsyna, the daughter of the famous Field Marshal Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn, an associate of Peter the Great. In the same year, P.A.Rumyantsev took part in the campaign of the Russian corps of Prince V.A.Repnin on the Rhine to provide assistance to the Austrians who were fighting against the French in the Netherlands. The campaign allowed Rumyantsev to get practically acquainted with the military art of European armies. He is persistently and seriously engaged in improving combat training and improving the living conditions of the soldiers entrusted to him, reads a lot of literature on military and state issues. Natural abilities and good knowledge help him to become an experienced and educated officer. On the eve of the Seven Years' War of 1756 - 1763. he was entrusted with the formation of new grenadier regiments and the reorganization of part of the dragoon regiments into cuirassiers. Throughout 1756, the young Major General PA Rumyantsev was preparing subordinate regiments for the campaign.
In the Seven Years War, P.A.Rumyantsev participated from the first to the last day, consistently commanding a separate combined cavalry detachment, an infantry brigade, a division, and a corps. The victories of the Russian army at Groß-Jägersdorf (1757) and Kunersdorf (1759) are inextricably linked with the initiative, decisive and unconventional actions of Rumyantsev. For his distinction in the battle at Kunersdorf, which ended in the complete defeat of the army of the Prussian king Frederick II, where the division of P.A.Rumyantsev occupied the center of the position of the Russian army, he was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky with the motto "For Labor and Fatherland".

The military talent of P.A.Rumyantsev was especially clearly manifested in the Kolberg operation in 1761. Russian troops twice, in 1758 and 1760, besieged the Prussian fortress Kolberg, located on the shores of the Baltic Sea, in Pomerania. Both sieges were unsuccessful, despite the fact that then the fortress was still weakly fortified and its garrison did not exceed several hundred people. Meanwhile, Kohlberg was of great importance for both belligerents. Located a little over two hundred kilometers from Berlin, it opened the way for the Russians to the capital of Prussia. Using the port of Kohlberg, the Russians could deploy a powerful supply base for their troops, bringing everything they needed to it by sea. This reduced the mileage of horse-drawn vehicles several times, which, on the roads of that time, was the narrowest point in the conduct of the war.
The plan for 1761 provided for the allocation of a sufficiently strong separate corps for operations against Kohlberg. The command was entrusted to P.A.Rumyantsev. The siege was conducted in cooperation with the fleet, which blocked the fortress from the sea, landed troops and bombed the fortifications. The task before Rumyantsev was difficult. Around Kohlberg, the Prussians created a strong fortified camp, in which the field corps of the Prince of Württemberg defended. The supply of the fortress and the camp was carried out through the Lower Oder - Kolberg communication. The enemy tried to break the blockade of the fortress with the actions of a cavalry corps allocated from the main forces of the Prussian army. A number of military clashes took place, as a result of which communication was cut off, the troops of the Prince of Württemberg were forced to leave the camp near Kohlberg and the fortress surrendered on December 5, 1761.
This was Rumyantsev's first independent operation. In the course of its implementation, some innovations in the Russian military art appeared. So, during this period, Rumyantsev formed two light battalions in the troops of the siege corps. The directive by which they were introduced also gave instructions on the tactics of these units. In particular, PA Rumyantsev recommended, when pursuing the enemy, "the best shooters and let them out in one line." Such a line, when operating on rough terrain, turned into a loose formation. The directive indicated forests, villages, and other obstructed passages as the most advantageous terrain for light infantry. This was the starting point for the broad development in the Russian army of a new type of infantry - the jaeger - and a new method of waging combat - loose formation.
After the capture of Kohlberg, it seemed that the final defeat of Prussia was inevitable and close. But the death of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna on December 25, 1761 and the accession to the throne of Peter III brought about a change in the political situation. Peter III - a friend and admirer of the Prussian king - concludes peace with Frederick II and returns East Prussia to him.

However, Peter III was able to appreciate P. A. Rumyantsev. He bestows upon him the rank of general-in-chief, awards the orders of St. Anna and St. Andrew the First-Called and appoints Commander-in-Chief of the Russian army in the prepared war with Denmark for the restoration of the unity of the Holstein Duchy. This appointment cost Rumyantsev many troubles later, since after the removal from the throne of Peter III, Rumyantsev did not swear allegiance to Catherine II until he was convinced of the death of the deposed emperor. For this, Catherine removed him from the post of Commander-in-Chief, appointing in his place General-in-Chief Pyotr Ivanovich Panin.
P.A.Rumyantsev submitted a letter of resignation. However, Catherine II provided only leave for treatment, and six months later offered to become the commander of the Estland division. Soon (in November 1764) she appointed him governor-general of Little Russia, president of the Ukrainian collegium and chief commander of the Ukrainian and Zaporozhye Cossack regiments and the Ukrainian division. Until 1768, Rumyantsev was engaged in the administrative structure of Ukraine, the reorganization of subordinate troops, and carried out a number of measures to organize a reliable defense of the southern borders of Russia from the devastating raids of the Crimean Tatars, which were then part of Turkey. The southern border at that time ran east of the Dnieper along the open steppe, approximately from Yekaterinoslav (Dnepropetrovsk), south of Bakhmut (Artemovsk) and further to the fortress of St. Dmitry of Rostov (Rostov) to the mouth of the Don.
The border was covered by a fortified "Ukrainian line", on which local troops were stationed in separate detachments (the so-called cordon guard method). Tatar cavalry detachments easily broke through this cordon, rampaged, plundered the population, captured prisoners and with impunity retreated back to the steppe. Rumyantsev organized the defense in a new way. Having concentrated a smaller part of the troops in several fortifications that blocked the most important directions of possible enemy strikes, he formed three detachments in the rear from the main forces, the purpose of which was to intercept and destroy the Tatars when they broke through the "Ukrainian line".

The expediency of P.A.Rumyantsev's measures was fully justified in 1768. Then, from a large detachment of Tatars who broke through to Ukraine, few returned without any prey. But for a radical solution of the border issue, Rumyantsev in 1765 in his note "Military and Political Notes" considered it absolutely necessary to return the Slavic lands lost during the Tatar invasion. The Azov region, the Northern Black Sea region were captured first by the Tatar khans, who formed the Crimean Khanate, and then by the Ottoman Empire, which also subjugated the Crimean Khanate. More than once, Russian troops went to Crimea to liberate their ancestral lands. But Peter's campaign to the Prut in 1711 was unsuccessful. The war of 1736-1739 turned out to be ineffectual as well. Therefore, the fight against Turkey was inevitable.
By the 70s. XVIII century the political situation in Europe has changed. Fearing the excessive strengthening of Russia, the European powers opposed its successes in every possible way. Thus, Austria, Prussia and France took an active part in organizing and supporting the uprising in Poland. In 1768, when Russia was already fighting the Polish confederates, France achieved Turkey's entry into the war. In the fall of 1768, the Turkish sultan demanded from the Russian ambassador Alexei Mikhailovich Obreskov the immediate withdrawal of Russian troops from Podolia. Obreskov, referring to the lack of authority to do so, refused. Then Turkey declared war on Russia.
In the course of the struggle against the Poles and Turks, Russia had to deploy two armies and four corps. The first army operated in Moldavia, Wallachia and on the Danube; the second - in Ukraine and on the Dniester, and then against the Crimea. The corps operated against the Polish confederates in the Crimea, the Kuban and the Transcaucasus. In the campaign of 1769, Rumyantsev commanded the 2nd (Ukrainian) army, which had an auxiliary task. The same main task - the campaign on the Danube - was to be solved by the first army under the command of Rumyantsev's comrade-in-arms in the Seven Years War, General-in-Chief A.M. Golitsyn. The actual course of the 1769 campaign was reduced to the struggle for the Khotin fortress on the right bank of the Dniester, which was waged by Golitsyn sluggishly, with excessive caution. Thanks to the active actions of Rumyantsev, who moved the army to the Bug River, and strong forward detachments to the Dniester River and the Bender fortress, the Turkish commander-in-chief, the Grand Vizier, was misled about the number of forces and intentions of Rumyantsev. And therefore he acted indecisively in the Hoti area. The diversion of part of the Turkish forces against the 2nd Army contributed to the victory of Golitsyn at Khotin. Dissatisfied with Golitsyn's slowness. Catherine II replaced him with Rumyantsev. September 27, 1769 II. A. Rumyantsev took command of the first army. General-in-chief P.I. Panin was appointed commander of the second army.
Arriving at the troops of the first army, Rumyantsev leave Khoti not a garrison, diverts the main forces to winter quarters, and allocates a strong detachment to occupy Moldova. The Turks are defeated at Focsani. Bucharest, Zhurzhey and Brailov. But nevertheless the fortress of Brailov remains behind them. In the winter and spring periods, P.A.Rumyantsev carried out a great deal of work on preparing army troops for the upcoming campaign of 1770. It was during this period (March 8, 1770) that he developed a manual called "Service Rite", which defines the basic principles of training and education of troops ... The need for such a document was caused by the imperfection of the existing statutes, the bulk of which, although they came out in 1763 - 1766. and took into account the combat experience of the Seven Years War, but did not give clear and detailed instructions in terms of internal, garrison and field services. As a result, there was a great disagreement among the troops both in the organization of these types of service and in the training of soldiers. Many military leaders, not content with existing regulations, developed their own instructions. Rumyantsev's "service rite" from 1788 was extended to the entire army as a mandatory charter. "The introduction of the main provisions of this document into the life of the troops of the first army contributed to the increase in its combat effectiveness already in the upcoming operations in the summer of 1770.

According to the plan developed in St. Petersburg by the military council under the empress, the main task in the campaign of 1770 was assigned to the second army. She was instructed to seize a strategically important object - the Bender fortress in the lower reaches of the Dniester. The first army was supposed to provide the actions of the second from the Danube and hold Moldova. However, the method of action of the first army was not indicated. Taking advantage of this, Rumyantsev immediately outlined an offensive plan for the army: to move between the Prut and Seret rivers and prevent the Turks from reaching the left bank of the Danube. From the units of the vanguard that occupied Moldova, Rumyantsev knew that the main forces of the Turkish army by the spring of 1770 were gradually concentrating on the right bank of the Danube near Isakchi, where they were preparing to cross the river. Large forces of the Tatar cavalry intended to strike in the direction of Yassy. To avoid defeat in parts, Rumyantsev ordered the advance corps under the command of Lieutenant General H. F. Shtofeln to move north to join the army, and he himself with the main forces set out from the camp near Khotin and moved south along the left bank of the Prut.
Crimean Tatars, noticing the withdrawal of the troops of the forward corps, from May 14, move on to decisive actions, trying to break the corps in parts. However, in several major skirmishes, the corps' detachments successfully repulsed the attack of the Tatars and by the end of May they were concentrating on the western bank of the Prut River against the Ryaba Mogila tract. From June 1 to June 10, the position of the corps was very difficult, but the new corps commander, Lieutenant-General N.V. Repnin, managed to hold the occupied area until the main forces approached. The mountainous terrain and bad roads made it difficult for Rumyantsev's troops to march. But their movement was much faster thanks to the new organization of the march. Rumyantsev led the main forces of the army in seven columns with the expectation that they could quickly rebuild in three squares in the event of a meeting with the enemy's cavalry. Having traveled more than 100 kilometers in five days, the army of P.A.Rumyantsev on June 9 arrived at the Tsetsora tract.
On June 11, after building a pontoon bridge across the Prut, N.V. Repnin's hull moved to the eastern bank. Small detachments of Major General GA Potemkin and Colonel NN Kakovinsky were left on the western bank. Under the cover of Repnin's corps, the main forces of the army secretly approached and concentrated in front of the position of the Tatars and Turks in the Ryaba Mogila tract. At the same time, Rumyantsev's forces reached 39 thousand people with 115 guns. The enemy had 50 thousand Tatars and 22 thousand Turks, a total of 72 thousand people with 44 guns. Having carried out a thorough reconnaissance, Rumyantsev divides the attacking troops into four groups and on June 17, according to a common signal, attacks the enemy from different directions. At the same time, the detachment of G.A. Potemkin is forwarded across the Prut and strikes at the rear of the enemy. This attack gave him the impression of being completely surrounded. The Turks and Tatars rushed to the south. To pursue them, Rumyantsev sent all the cavalry, but she could not keep up with the light Tatar and Turkish horses.
Carried away by the chase, the Russian cavalry allowed the Turkish infantry to leave. The Russian infantry could not keep up with the fleeing Turks. As a result, the Turks, albeit in disarray, mostly eluded destruction. The victory at the Ryaba Mogila opened the Prut River valley to the Russians. However, the ambiguity of the situation forced P.A.Rumyantsev to act with caution.
By this time, the main forces of the Turks had not yet built the bridge at Isakchi and were on the right bank of the Danube. Therefore, the army of P.A.Rumyantsev, keeping the initiative, continued its march along the Prut, putting forward strong vanguards for reconnaissance. Intelligence found that the enemy, numbering up to 80 thousand people - about 15 thousand Turks and 65 thousand Tatars - again took a favorable natural and well-fortified position at the confluence of the Larga River into the Prut. In addition, the grand vizier sent several thousand Turks from the right bank of the Danube to help the troops operating on the Larga. Assessing the situation, P. A. Rumyantsev decides to attack the enemy and defeat him before the arrival of reinforcements from the Danube. "... Our glory and dignity cannot stand to endure the presence of the enemy, who stood in our sight, without stepping on him," he said July 5 at the military council. On July 7, Russian troops attacked the enemy. All troops took part in the attack, except for the detachment of Colonel N.N. Kakovinsky. The offensive was envisaged by three groups: the right group of Lieutenant-General P.G. Plemyannikov - 6,000 people with 25 guns; the left group, which consisted of two detachments: Quartermaster General F.V. Bauer - 4,000 people with 14 guns and Lieutenant-General NV Repnin - 11,000 people with 30 guns; the main forces under the personal command of P. A. Rumyantsev-19,000 soldiers with 50 guns.
By two o'clock all the groups had taken up their initial position and began the offensive, by four the detachments of P.G. Plemyannikov, N.V. Repnin and F.V. Bauer was shot down by forward posts and approached the enemy's fortifications. The enemy opened heavy artillery fire. For the fire reinforcement of the detachments of P. V. Repnin and F. V. Bauer P. A. Rumyantsev sends from the main forces a field artillery brigade under the command of Major General P. I. Melissino consisting of 17 guns. The devastating fire of the PI Melissino brigade quickly silenced the Turkish artillery. Unable to withstand the fire of infantry and artillery from different directions, the enemy fled swiftly, leaving about a thousand people killed, 33 guns, 8 banners and the entire camp on the battlefield. Rumyantsev's army lost 90 people (29 killed and 61 wounded). However, the main forces of the enemy, despite the decisive defeat, again managed to leave. The Turks retreated to the south, the Tatars to the southeast.
For this victory, Catherine II sent the winner the Order of St. George 1 st degree - the highest military award, established in 1769. In her letter to PA Rumyantsev, the Empress wrote: “In my century you will occupy an invariably excellent position as a leader of the intelligent, skillful and diligent. It is my duty to give you this justice ... ”.

On July 14, the Grand Vizier, without waiting for the bridge to be built, crossed the Danube on 300 ships with the main forces. 150 thousand people were transported to the left bank, including 50 thousand infantry, 100 thousand cavalry and 130 guns. Both armies gradually drew closer. Rumyantsev's position became very dangerous. Ahead, he had huge forces of the Turks, and from the east, a great threat to the communications of the army was posed by the masses of Tatar cavalry, up to 80 thousand people, who, having recovered from the defeat at Larga, made a strategic bypass of the Russian army. Therefore, to cover the transports with food, Rumyantsev had to allocate a strong corps numbering about 10 thousand people. After that, 27,750 people remained in the main forces of the first army, including non-combatants.
When the armies drew closer to 7 kilometers, the Turks camped on the eastern bank of the Cahul River (the left tributary of the Danube). Assessing the features of the terrain, P.A.Rumyantsev decided to attack them, despite the huge numerical superiority of the enemy, and to deliver the main blow to his left flank, holding down the actions of the Turks in the center and on the right flank with relatively small forces. To this end, he concentrated a group of up to 19 thousand people against the left flank of the enemy.
The offensive began at about 5 am on July 21st. It did not come as a surprise to the Turks, who strongly fortified their positions on the night before the attack. On a front of up to 2 kilometers, they built four rows of trenches, arranging them in tiers along the heights of the ridges, and met the Russian troops with strong artillery fire. Numerous cavalry attacked the Russian square. The Russians repulsed these attacks with devastating fire. However, when success was outlined in the center, the high vizier threw his elite army there - 10 thousand janissaries, who managed to break the central square and partially put his troops to flight. At this critical moment, P.A.Rumyantsev personally rushes into the thick of the battle against the Janissaries, stops the faltering soldiers and organizes a rebuff to the counterattacking enemy.
Taking advantage of the delay, the Russian troops captured the left flank of the Turkish trenches and broke into them. This success facilitated a frontal attack on the Turkish position. The central square shifted its ranks and rushed forward. The Russians broke into the fortifications through the triple ditches. The vizier, amazed by the defeat of the Janissaries, fled. By 10 o'clock the Russians had taken all the fortifications. The losses of the Turks were enormous. The entire Turkish camp, baggage train, 140 guns went to the winners. Pursuing the enemy, F.V. Bauer defeated it at Kartal, and I.V. Repnin's corps captured the fortress of Izmail. More than 20 thousand Turks died on the battlefield and drowned in Cahul and Danube.
In the Battle of Kagul, at Kartal and Izmail, 60 banners and signs, 203 guns, a lot of ammunition and the entire train were taken, more than 2 thousand people were captured. Russian troops lost 353 people killed, 550 were wounded and 11 people were missing. "

Rumyantsev, without stopping, walked forward and took the fortresses one after another: August 22 - Kiliya, September 15 - Akkerman, November 10 - Brailov. The name of Rumyantsev thundered throughout Europe. He won a decisive victory on the Cahul River with a balance of power that is hard to find in the history of war. For the victory at Cahul, P.A.Rumyantsev received the rank of Field Marshal12. In honor of the glorious victory of Rumyantsev, the Kagul obelisk was erected in the Catherine Park of Tsarskoye Selo, and the soldiers named their commander a "straight soldier".
In the victorious campaign of 1770, Russia pushed its southern border to the shores of the Black Sea and to the Danube River. The next task was to capture the Crimea. It was successfully solved in the campaign of 1771 by the second army, the command of which was assumed by General-in-Chief V. M. Dolgoruky. Rumyantsev's army in this campaign firmly held the conquered areas on the northern bank of the Danube and captured part of the Turkish fortresses on its southern bank. But the long-awaited peace did not come. From May 1772 to March 1773, negotiations were held, the parties were in a state of armistice. However, the Turks did not accept Russia's terms, and the negotiations ended in vain.

In 1773, P.A.Rumyantsev, at the insistence of Catherine II, transferred the hostilities across the Danube to Bulgaria. Despite the difficult position of the army, caused by insufficient staffing and supply of troops, he, due to frequent strikes, firmly seizes the initiative and fetters the enemy's actions. One of the methods of such pinning down of the enemy simultaneously in several directions was the so-called search - partial strikes to a limited depth on the enemy's fortified points with a return to the starting position. Major General A. V. Suvorov, Lieutenant General G. A. Potemkin, and Major General O. A. Veisman distinguished themselves in these battles. But by the fall, the depletion of troops and reserves had reached such proportions that P.A.Rumyantsev was forced to stop further actions and give the order to be placed in winter quarters.
By the beginning of the 1774 campaign, the forces of Rumyantsev's army were very limited. It numbered no more than 55 thousand people, taking into account all the replenishment. By this time, the cadres of glorious veterans of 1770 had greatly thinned out. They melted away in battles and difficult campaigns. However, the energetic measures taken by the Field Marshal to train replenishment and put together completed units ensured the high combat readiness of the army. The fighting began in April. P.A.Rumyantsev divided his army into three main groups, instructing the divisions of Lieutenant General I.P. Saltykov to besiege Ruschuk, the divisions of Lieutenant General F.I.Glebov - Silistria, divisions of Lieutenant General M.F. Kamensky and General- Major A. V. Suvorov to move through Bazardzhik to Shumla and pin down the vizier's army until the end of the siege of Silistria and Ruschuk.

On June 20, A.V.Suvorov defeated the 25,000-strong Turkish corps at Kozluj. MF Kamensky moved to Shumla and with an unexpected maneuver blocked the vizier's forces in the fortress. The Turks asked for peace. In accordance with the powers presented by Catherine II, Field Marshal P.A.Rumyantsev signed the long-awaited peace treaty in the village of Kuchuk-Kainardzhi. The Turks accepted all the conditions of the Russians. Russia has become a Black Sea power. Strengthened its positions in the south, in the Caucasus and the Balkans. The Empress generously rewarded the outstanding commander. He received a field marshal's baton, showered with diamonds, a sword with diamonds, a diamond laurel wreath and an olive branch, a diamond St. Andrew's star, the title of Transdanubia and other awards.
At the end of the war, Field Marshal General P.A. Rumyantsev, showered with awards, returns to the post of Governor-General of Ukraine, where he is again engaged in the reorganization, education and combat training of the army. He expressed his thoughts in a memorandum to Catherine II in 1777, known as "Thought" 13. In 1776, by order of Catherine II, Rumyantsev accompanied the future Emperor Pavel Petrovich to Berlin on the occasion of his marriage to the niece of the Prussian king Frederick II, who arranged a solemn meeting for the famous commander and awarded him the Order of the Black Eagle.

During the second Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791. P.A. Rumyantsev again in the army. Catherine II appointed him Commander-in-Chief of the Ukrainian Army, which was auxiliary to the main Yekaterinoslav army, headed by General-in-Chief G.A. Potemkin. This appointment deeply offended the Field Marshal, and he, referring to illness, asked for his resignation. Catherine II did not release P.A.Rumyantsev to resign. She left behind him his posts in Ukraine, but removed him from the leadership of the army and replaced N. V. Repnin. The old Field Marshal went to his estates near Kiev and never left them. Here he received in 1791 the news of the death of GA Potemkin and expressed his sincere regret on this occasion. Despite all personal grievances, P.A.Rumyantsev highly appreciated the activities of G.A.Potemkin for the benefit of Russia and its army.
In 1794, Catherine II ordered P. A. Rumyantsev, who commanded the Russian troops in Podol and and in Volhynia, to assist General-in-Chief N. V. Repnin in his actions against Poland. Rumyantsev entrusted this to General-in-Chief A.V.Suvorov, who was under his command, giving him a directive demanding energetic action. Suvorov brilliantly completed the campaign in Poland, for which he was awarded the rank of Field Marshal. The Empress awarded PA Rumyantseva with a house in St. Petersburg, in front of which there was a monument with the inscription "Victories of Count Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky", as well as villages in the Lithuanian province. The death of Empress Catherine II deeply grieved Rumyantsev. He only survived her for 32 days. On December 19, 1796, the great commander died.
In memory of his services to the Fatherland, Emperor Paul I declared three days of mourning for the army. The remains of the Field Marshal were transported to Kiev and buried in the Pechersk Lavra, near the choir of the Cathedral of the Assumption Church.

The Russian army and especially the people who knew P.A.Rumyantsev intimately appreciated him. He was in many ways an innovator in the field of Russian military art. A follower of the military school of Peter the Great, P.A.Rumyantsev broke the outdated provisions of the regulations in matters of everyday life, training of troops and the conduct of combat. He did a lot in terms of the development of Russian military-theoretical thought. Thanks to people like Rumyantsev, Russian military art in the second half of the 18th century. reached an exceptional rise, far ahead of the military art of other countries.

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Russian commander, Field Marshal Prince Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov was born on September 16 (5 according to the old style), 1745 (according to other sources - 1747) in St. Petersburg in the family of an engineer-lieutenant general.

In 1759 he graduated with honors from the Noble Artillery School and was left with it as a teacher of mathematics. In 1761, Kutuzov was promoted to the rank of ensign engineer and sent to continue serving in the Astrakhan Infantry Regiment.

From March 1762 he was temporarily adjutant of the Revel governor-general, from August he was appointed company commander of the Astrakhan infantry regiment. In 1764-1765 he served in the troops stationed in Poland. From March 1765 he continued to serve in the Astrakhan regiment as a company commander.

In 1767, Mikhail Kutuzov was recruited to work on the Commission for drawing up a new Code, where he acquired extensive knowledge in the field of law, economics and sociology. Since 1768, Kutuzov took part in the war with the Polish confederates. In 1770, he was transferred to the 1st Army, located in the south of Russia, and took part in the war with Turkey that began in 1768.

During the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774, Kutuzov, being in combat and staff positions, took part in the battles at the Ryabay Mogila tract, the Larga and Cahul rivers, where he proved himself to be a brave, energetic and proactive officer.

In 1772, he was transferred to the 2nd Crimean Army, where he carried out important intelligence missions, commanding a grenadier battalion. In July 1774, in a battle near the village of Shumy (now Upper Kutuzovka) north of Alushta, Mikhail Kutuzov was seriously wounded in the left temple by a bullet that came out in the right eye. For courage, Kutuzov was awarded the Order of St. George IV class and sent for treatment abroad. On his return, he was tasked with the formation of light cavalry.

In the summer of 1777, Kutuzov was promoted to colonel and appointed commander of the Lugansk engineering regiment. In 1783 he commanded the Mariupol Light Horse Regiment in the Crimea. For successful negotiations with the Crimean Khan, who ceded to Russia his possessions from the Bug to the Kuban, at the end of 1784 Kutuzov was promoted to major general and headed the Bug Jaeger Corps.

In 1788, during the siege of Ochakov, repelling a Turkish sortie, he was again seriously wounded in the head: a bullet pierced his cheek and flew into the back of the head. In 1789, Kutuzov took part in the battle at Kaushany, in the assaults of Akkerman (now the city of Belgorod - Dnestrovsky) and Bender.

In December 1790, during the storming of Izmail, commanding the 6th column, Kutuzov showed high volitional qualities, fearlessness and perseverance. To achieve success, he promptly introduced reserves into battle and achieved the defeat of the enemy in his direction, which played an important role in capturing the fortress. Suvorov praised Kutuzov's actions. After the capture of Izmail, Mikhail Kutuzov was promoted to lieutenant general and appointed commandant of this fortress.

On June 15 (4 old style), 1791, Kutuzov with a sudden blow defeated the Turkish army at Babadag. In the Battle of Machin, commanding a corps, he showed himself to be a skillful master of maneuvering actions, outflanking the enemy and defeating the Turkish troops with an attack from the rear.

In 1792-1794, Mikhail Kutuzov headed the extraordinary Russian embassy in Constantinople, having managed to achieve a number of foreign policy and trade advantages for Russia, significantly weakening French influence in Turkey.

In 1794 he was appointed director of the Land Gentry Cadet Corps, in 1795-1799 - commander and inspector of troops in Finland, where he carried out a number of diplomatic assignments: he negotiated with Prussia and Sweden. In 1798, Mikhail Kutuzov was promoted to general from infantry. He was a Lithuanian (1799-1801) and St. Petersburg (1801-1802) military governor. In 1802, Kutuzov fell into disgrace, was forced to resign from the army and retire.

In August 1805, during the Russian-Austro-French war, Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian army, aimed at helping Austria. Learning during the campaign about the surrender of the Austrian army of General Mack near Ulm, Mikhail Kutuzov undertook a march from Braunau to Olmutz and skillfully led the Russian troops out of the blow of superior enemy forces, winning victories at Amstetten and Krems during the retreat.

The plan of action proposed by Kutuzov against Napoleon was not accepted by Alexander I and his Austrian military advisers. Despite the objections of the commander, who was actually removed from the leadership of the Russian-Austrian troops, the allied monarchs Alexander I and Franz I gave Napoleon the general battle of Austerlitz, which ended in victory for the French. Although Kutuzov managed to save the retreating Russian troops from complete defeat, he was disgraced by Alexander I and was appointed to secondary posts: the Kiev military governor (1806-1807), the corps commander in the Moldavian army (1808), the Lithuanian military governor (1809-1811).

In the conditions of the impending war with Napoleon and the need to end the protracted war (1806-1812) with Turkey, the emperor was forced in March 1811 to appoint Kutuzov the commander-in-chief of the Moldovan army, where Mikhail Kutuzov created mobile corps and proceeded to active operations. In the summer near Ruschuk (now a city in Bulgaria), Russian troops won a major victory, and in October Kutuzov surrounded and captured the entire Turkish army near Slobodzeya (now a city in Transnistria). For this victory he received the title of count.

As an experienced diplomat, Kutuzov achieved the signing of the Bucharest Peace Treaty of 1812, beneficial for Russia, for which he received the title of His Serene Highness. At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, Mikhail Kutuzov was elected head of the Petersburg and then Moscow militia. After the Russian troops left Smolensk in August, Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief. Arriving in the army, he decided to give a general battle to Napoleon's troops at Borodino.

In the Battle of Borodino, the French army did not achieve victory, but the strategic situation and lack of forces did not allow Kutuzov to launch a counteroffensive. In an effort to save the army, Kutuzov surrendered Moscow to Napoleon without a fight and, having made a bold flanking maneuver from the Ryazan road to Kaluga, stopped at the Tarutino camp, where he replenished the troops and organized partisan actions.

On October 18 (6 old style), Kutuzov, near the village of Tarutino, defeated Murat's French corps and forced Napoleon to hasten the abandonment of Moscow. Having blocked the path of the French army to the southern Russian provinces near Maloyaroslavets, he forced it to retreat to the west along the devastated Smolensk road and, energetically pursuing the enemy, after a series of battles near Vyazma and Krasnoye, finally defeated his main forces on the Berezina River. Thanks to the wise and flexible strategy of Kutuzov, the Russian army won a brilliant victory over a strong and experienced enemy. In December 1812, Kutuzov received the title of Prince of Smolensk and was awarded the highest military order of George I degree, becoming the first full George Knight in the history of the order.

At the beginning of 1813, Kutuzov led military operations against the remnants of the Napoleonic army in Poland and Prussia, but the commander's health was undermined, and death prevented him from seeing the final victory of the Russian army. On April 28 (16 old style), 1813, His Serene Highness died in the small Silesian town of Bunzlau (now the town of Boleslawiec in Poland). His body was embalmed and transported to St. Petersburg, buried in the Kazan Cathedral.

Kutuzov's military leadership was distinguished by the breadth and variety of all types of maneuvers in the offensive and defense, a timely transition from one type of maneuver to another. Contemporaries unanimously noted his exceptional intelligence, brilliant military leadership and diplomatic talents and love for the Motherland.

Mikhail Kutuzov was awarded the orders of St. Andrew the First-Called with diamonds, St. George I, II, III and IV classes, St. Alexander Nevsky, St. Vladimir I degree, St. Anna I degree. He was a Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, awarded the Austrian military order of Maria Theresa of the 1st degree, the Prussian orders of the Black Eagle and the Red Eagle of the 1st degree. He was presented with a golden sword "for bravery" with diamonds and a portrait of Emperor Alexander I with diamonds.

Monuments were erected to Mikhail Kutuzov in many cities of Russia and abroad. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the Orders of Kutuzov I, II and III degrees were established.

Kutuzovsky Prospect (1957), as well as Kutuzovsky Proezd and Kutuzovsky Lane were named after Kutuzov in Moscow. In 1958, the metro station of the Filevskaya line of the Moscow metro was named after the commander.

Mikhail Kutuzov was married to Yekaterina Bibikova, the daughter of the lieutenant general, who later became the lady of state, His Serene Highness Princess Kutuzova-Smolenskaya. The marriage gave birth to five daughters and a son who died in infancy.

Russia has always been rich in outstanding generals and naval commanders.

1. Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (c. 1220 - 1263). - a commander, at the age of 20 he defeated the Swedish conquerors on the Neva River (1240), and at 22 - the German "knight-dogs" during the Battle of the Ice (1242)

2. Dmitry Donskoy (1350 - 1389). - commander, prince. Under his leadership, the greatest victory was won on the Kulikovo field over the hordes of Khan Mamai, which was an important stage in the liberation of Russia and other peoples of Eastern Europe from the Mongol-Tatar yoke.

3. Peter I - Russian tsar, an outstanding commander. He is the founder of the Russian regular army and navy. He showed high organizational skills and talent as a commander during the Azov campaigns (1695 - 1696), in the Northern War (1700 - 1721). during the Persian campaign (1722 - 1723), under the direct leadership of Peter in the famous Battle of Poltava (1709), the troops of the Swedish king Charles XII were defeated and captured.

4. Fyodor Alekseevich Golovin (1650 - 1706) - Count, General - Field Marshal, Admiral. Companion of Peter I, the greatest organizer, one of the founders of the Baltic Fleet

5 Boris Petrovich Sheremetyev (1652 - 1719) - Count, General - Field Marshal. Member of the Crimean, Azov. He commanded an army in a campaign against the Crimean Tatars. In the battle at Eresfer, in Livonia, a detachment under his command defeated the Swedes, defeated Schlippenbach's army at Gummelshof (5 thousand killed, 3 thousand prisoners). The Russian flotilla forced the Swedish ships to leave the Neva for the Gulf of Finland. In 1703 he took Noteburg, and then Nyenschantz, Koporye, Yamburg. In Estonia Sheremetev B.P. occupied Wesenberg. Sheremetev B.P. besieged Dorpat, who surrendered on 13 IL 1704. During the Astrakhan uprising B.P. Sheremetev. was sent by Peter I to suppress it. In 1705 Sheremetev B.P. took Astrakhan.

6 Alexander Danilovich Menshikov (1673-1729) - His Serene Highness Prince, associate of Peter I. Generalisimo of the sea and land forces. Participant in the Northern War with the Swedes, the battle at Poltava.

7. Pyotr Aleksandrovich Rumyantsev (1725 - 1796) - Count, General - Field Marshal. Member of the Russian-Swedish War, the Seven Years War. The largest victories were won by him during the first Russian-Turkish war (1768 - 1774), especially in the battles at the Ryaba grave, Larga and Cahul and many other battles. The Turkish army was defeated. Rumyantsev became the first holder of the Order of St. George of the 1st degree and received the title of Transdanubia.

8. Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (1729-1800) - His Serene Highness Prince of Italy, Count of Rymnik, Count of the Holy Roman Empire, Generalissimo of the Russian land and naval forces, Field Marshal of the Austrian and Sardinian armies, Grand of the Sardinian Kingdom and Prince of royal blood (with the title "cousin King "), holder of all Russian and many foreign military orders awarded at that time.
Never in any of the battles given to him was defeated. Moreover, in almost all these cases, he convincingly won with the numerical superiority of the enemy.
he took by storm the impregnable fortress of Izmail, defeated the Turks at Rymnik, Focsani, Kinburn, etc. The Italian campaign of 1799 and the victory over the French, the immortal crossing of the Alps was the crown of his military leadership.

9. Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov (1745-1817) - an outstanding Russian naval commander, admiral. The Russian Orthodox Church canonized as a righteous warrior Theodore Ushakov. He laid the foundations for new naval tactics, founded the Black Sea Naval Fleet, led it with talent, having won a number of remarkable victories in the Black and Mediterranean Seas: in the Kerch naval battle, in the battles of Tendra, Kaliakria, etc. Ushakov's notable victory was the capture of the island of Corfu in February 1799 g, where the combined actions of ships and land assault forces were successfully used.
Admiral Ushakov fought 40 sea battles. And they all ended in brilliant victories. The people called him "The Fleet Suvorov".

10. Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745 - 1813) - the famous Russian commander, General Field Marshal, His Serene Highness Prince. Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, full holder of the Order of St. George. He fought against the Turks, Tatars, Poles, French in various positions, including the Commander-in-Chief of armies and troops. He formed light cavalry and infantry that did not exist in the Russian army

11. Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly (1761-1818) - Prince, outstanding Russian commander, Field Marshal, Minister of War, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, full holder of the Order of St. George. He commanded the entire Russian army at the initial stage of the Patriotic War of 1812, after which he was replaced by MI Kutuzov. In the overseas campaign of the Russian army in 1813-1814, he commanded the combined Russian-Prussian army as part of the Bohemian army of the Austrian Field Marshal Schwarzenberg.

12. Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration (1769-1812) - Prince, Russian general from infantry, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. Descendant of the Georgian royal house of Bagration. The branch of the Kartalin princes Bagration (ancestors of Peter Ivanovich) was included in the number of Russian-princely families on October 4, 1803, when Emperor Alexander I approved the seventh part of the General Armorial

13. Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky (1771-1829) - Russian commander, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, general from the cavalry. For thirty years of impeccable service, he participated in many of the largest battles of the era. After the feat at Saltanovka, he became one of the most popular generals of the Russian army. The fight for the Raevsky battery was one of the key episodes of the Borodino battle. When, in 1795, the Persian army invaded the territory of Georgia, and, fulfilling its obligations under the Treaty of St. George, the Russian government declared war on Persia. In March 1796, the Nizhniy Novgorod regiment as part of V.A.Zubov's corps set off on a 16-month campaign to Derbent. In May, after ten days of siege, Derbent was taken. Together with the main forces, he reached the Kura River. In difficult mountain conditions, Raevsky showed his best qualities: "The 23-year-old commander managed to maintain complete order of battle and strict military discipline during an exhausting campaign."

14. Alexey Petrovich Ermolov (1777-1861) - Russian military leader and statesman, participant in many major wars that the Russian Empire waged from 1790s to 1820s. General of Infantry. General of the artillery. Hero of the Caucasian War. During the campaign of 1818, he supervised the construction of the Groznaya fortress. In his subordination were the troops sent to pacify the Avar Khan Shamil. In 1819 Yermolov began to build a new fortress - Sudden. In 1823 he commanded military operations in Dagestan, and in 1825 he fought with the Chechens.

15. Matvey Ivanovich Platov (1753-1818) - Count, cavalry general, Cossack. He took part in all the wars of the late 18th - early 19th centuries. Since 1801 - ataman of the Don Cossack army. He took part in the battle of Preussisch-Eylau, then in the Turkish war. During the Patriotic War, at first he commanded all the Cossack regiments on the border, and then, covering the retreat of the army, he had successful affairs with the enemy near the town of Mir and Romanovo. During the retreat of the French army, Platov, relentlessly pursuing her, inflicted defeats on her at Gorodnya, Kolotsky monastery, Gzhatsk, Tsarevo-Zaymishche, near Dukhovshchina and while crossing the river Vop. For his merits he was elevated to the dignity of count. In November Platov captured Smolensk from the battle and defeated the troops of Marshal Ney at Dubrovna. At the beginning of January 1813 he entered Prussia and overlaid Danzig; in September he received command over a special corps, with which he participated in the battle of Leipzig and, pursuing the enemy, took about 15 thousand prisoners. In 1814, he fought at the head of his regiments in the capture of Nemur, at Arsy-sur-Oba, Cézanne, Villeneuve.

16. Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (1788-1851) - Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral, holder of the Order of St. George IV class and discoverer of Antarctica. Here in 1827, commanding the Azov warship, MP Lazarev took part in the Navarino battle. Fighting with five Turkish ships, he destroyed them: he sank two large frigates and one corvette, burned a flagship under the flag of Tagir Pasha, forced an 80-gun ship of the line to run aground, after which he lit it and blew it up. In addition, "Azov" under the command of Lazarev destroyed the flagship of Muharrem Bey. For participation in the Battle of Navarino, Lazarev was promoted to rear admiral and awarded three orders at once (Greek - "Commander's Cross of the Savior", English - Baths and French - St. Louis, and his ship "Azov" received the St. George flag.

17. Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov (1802-1855) - Russian admiral. Under the command of Lazarev, MP made in 1821-1825. circumnavigation of the frigate "Cruiser". During the voyage he was promoted to lieutenant. In the Navarino battle, he commanded a battery on the battleship "Azov" under the command of MP Lazarev as part of the squadron of Admiral LP Geiden; for the difference in the battle he was awarded on December 21, 1827 the Order of St. George IV class # 4141 and promoted to lieutenant commander. In 1828. took command of the corvette "Navarin", a captured Turkish ship, formerly named "Nassabih Sabah". During the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29, commanding a corvette, he blocked the Dardanelles as part of a Russian squadron. During the Sevastopol defense of 1854-55. took a strategic approach to the defense of the city. In Sevastopol, although Nakhimov was listed as the commander of the fleet and port, since February 1855, after the flooding of the fleet, he defended, as appointed by the commander-in-chief, the southern part of the city, leading the defense with amazing energy and enjoyed the greatest moral influence on the soldiers and sailors who called him “father -a benefactor ".

18. Vladimir Alekseevich Kornilov (1806-1855) - Vice Admiral (1852). Participated in the Battle of Navarino in 1827 and the Russian-Turkish War of 1828-29. From 1849 - chief of staff, from 1851 - de facto commander of the Black Sea Fleet. He advocated the rearmament of ships and the replacement of the sailing fleet with steam. During the Crimean War - one of the leaders of the Sevastopol defense.

19. Stepan Osipovich Makarov (1849 - 1904) - He was the founder of the theory of the unsinkability of a ship, one of the organizers of the creation of destroyer ships and torpedo boats. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1877 - 1878. carried out successful attacks on enemy ships with pole mines. He made two rounds of the world and a number of Arctic voyages. He skillfully commanded the Pacific squadron in the defense of Port Arthur in the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905.

20. Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov (1896-1974) - The most famous Soviet commander is generally recognized as the Marshal of the Soviet Union. The development of plans for all major operations of the united fronts, large groupings of Soviet troops and their implementation took place under his leadership. These operations always ended victoriously. They were decisive for the outcome of the war.

21. Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky (1896-1968) - an outstanding Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union, Marshal of Poland. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union

22. Ivan Stepanovich Konev (1897-1973) - Soviet commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

23. Leonid Aleksandrovich Govorov (1897-1955) - Soviet commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union

24. Kirill Afanasevich Meretskov (1997-1968) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union

25. Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko (1895-1970) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. In May 1940 - July 1941 People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR.

26. Fedor Ivanovich Tolbukhin (1894 - 1949) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union

27. Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov (1900-1982) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union, during the Great Patriotic War - the commander of the 62nd Army, which distinguished itself especially in the Battle of Stalingrad. 2-waited hero of the USSR.

28. Andrey Ivanovich Eremenko (1892-1970) - Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union. One of the most prominent commanders of the Great Patriotic War and World War II in general.

29. Radion Yakovlevich Malinovsky (1897-1967) - Soviet military leader and statesman. The commander of the Great Patriotic War, Marshal of the Soviet Union, from 1957 to 1967 - Minister of Defense of the USSR.

30. Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov (1904-1974) - Soviet naval leader, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union, headed the Soviet Navy (as People's Commissar of the Navy (1939-1946), Minister of the Navy (1951-1953) ) and the Commander-in-Chief)

31. Nikolai Fedorovich Vatutin (1901-1944) - General of the Army, Hero of the Soviet Union, belongs to the galaxy of the main commanders of the Great Patriotic War.

32. Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky (1906-1945) - an outstanding Soviet military leader, army general, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

33. Pavel Alekseevich Rotmistrov (1901-1982) - Soviet military leader, Hero of the Soviet Union, Chief Marshal of the Armored Forces, Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor.

And these are just some of the generals that are worthy of mention.