Serine. Daily rate. Lack of arginine. Serine in the human body, use in medicine and sports What is serine

basic information

Serin is translated from Latin as silk. This name was given to the substance after a chemist from Germany E. Kramer derived it from the proteins contained in silk. Serine was studied and described in more detail at the beginning of the 20th century.

Serine, the structural formula of which reflects the belonging of a substance to a hydroxyl group, refers to nonessential amino acids. It is considered a hybrid compound, since it simultaneously exhibits the properties of an amino acid and an alcohol, which is why it is classified in chemistry as a class of amino alcohols.

Known in the international amino acid nomenclature under the name Serin (Serine). The chemical formula of serine is C3H7NO3. Serine contains a bipolar ion in its structure. That is, there are positive and negative charges in the molecule. This is typical for amino acids.

When oxidized in the body, serine enters into various reactions. Due to the cleavage of carbon molecules from the amino acid, serine is decarboxylated. The action of certain enzymes on organic matter leads to the removal of the free ammonia radical from the amino acid. This reaction is called serine deamination.

Serine is involved in yet another enzyme-related reaction. In the process of protein hydrolysis, which is carried out by the enzyme serine protease, phosphoric acid molecules are released. Thus, the reaction of phosphorylation of the serine radical regulates the launch of important biochemical mechanisms.

Important! In the human body, serine comes into contact with other amino acids. Serine and glycine are related substances, since the former comes from the latter. And in the synergistic action of serine, alanine and glycine, blood sugar levels are normalized

Useful properties of serine and its effect on the body

In biochemistry, serine is known as optical isomers - L- and D-serine. These substances are identical in molecular structure. The difference is only in the position in space - they are mirrored, like the hands of a person.

L-serine is involved in protein synthesis. D-serine is a derivative of the first substance by reaction with the serine-racemase enzyme.

Serine functions:

• affects the action of brain proteins and the protective layer of nerve cells;
• participates in the metabolism and synthesis of diketopiperazines and purines;
• supports the protective function of the body;
• participates in the synthesis of serotonin, creatine, antibodies and immunoglobulins;
• important for the growth of muscle and connective tissue;
• affects the formation of nitrogenous DNA bases;
• regulates the formation of glucose from glycogen in the liver.

Daily Serine Intake

Serine is a nonessential amino acid. The body receives enough of this substance, therefore, it is impossible to accurately determine the dose of serine consumption per day. Studies show that the human body needs at least 3 g of the substance daily for normal functioning and development.

The body's need for serine depends on the age, sex and physical condition of the person. The need for an amino acid increases if there are problems with the body's support function, memorization of information and the production of hemoglobin.

Why are the deficiency and excess of amino acids in the body dangerous?

Lack of serine in the human body leads to the following pathological conditions:

• violation of the protective sheaths of nerve cells - the transmission of nerve impulses will slow down;
• development of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue;
• convulsions;
• sleep disturbance, depression, muscle and joint pain;
• the development of Alzheimer's disease.

A large amount of serine also does not have a beneficial effect on the physical condition of the body. The human body reacts negatively to an excess of amino acids:

• allergic reactions appear;
• the concentration of adrenaline is depleted;
• weakening of immunity;
• the development of catalepsy (the body is fixed in one position);
• deviation from the norms in the readings of hemoglobin, glucose;
• poor blood clotting.

Serine in food

Serine is not only produced by the body on its own. The human body also gets the amino acid from food. To be sure to avoid a deficiency of the substance, it is worth consuming the appropriate food.

Which products contain serine:

• hard and processed cheeses;
• poultry, beef, lamb;
• fish (preferably sea);
• eggs;
• milk, cottage cheese, koumiss;
• wheat and corn;
• chestnuts and coconut;
• pumpkin nuts and seeds;
• cauliflower and broccoli.

Important! To improve serine synthesis, it is important to consume foods rich in vitamins PP and B6. All three are found in peanuts, soy products, meat, and milk.

Serine use in sports

Athletes consume serine along with other amino acids for its regenerative properties. The substance affects the synthesis and absorption of creatine, which regulates muscle building. Serine also acts as a pain reliever.

The amino acid improves fat metabolism and stabilizes cortisol levels, which negatively affect muscle growth. In addition to physical activity, athletes also experience psycho-emotional stress. Serine in this case acts as a neuromodulator.

The daily requirement of serine is small - on average, up to 10 g per day. But an insufficient concentration of a substance in the body threatens with negative consequences. The body produces the amino acid itself, but it can also be obtained from food.

α-amino-β-hydroxypropionic acid;2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid

Chemical properties

Serine is polar hydroxyamino acid ... The substance has two optical isomers, L and D . D-isomer formed from L-isomer under the action of a specific enzyme serine racemases ... Racemic formula of Serine: C3H7N1O3 or HO2C-CH (NH2) CH2OH ... Serin's structural formula is discussed in more detail in the article on Wikipedia. The molecular weight of the compound = 105.1 grams per mole, the substance melts at 228 degrees Celsius. In biochemistry, the following abbreviations are used to denote this amino acid: Ser, Ser, S.

For the first time, the agent was isolated from silk, since it is in the proteins of this material that the substance is present in the greatest amount. This chemical compound belongs to the class of nonessential amino acids, since it can be synthesized in the human body, for example from glycosin – 3-phosphoglycerate ... According to its physical properties, the agent is a white crystalline powder with a mild sour taste.

The substance takes an active part in metabolic processes in the body, the construction of natural proteins, the synthesis of other amino acids (the reaction of Serine decarboxylation). It is produced on an industrial scale using a fermentation reaction. About 100-1000 tons of the substance are produced per year. In the laboratory, chem. connection can be obtained from methyl acrylate .

pharmachologic effect

Metabolic .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Serine is very important amino acid , taking part in many biological processes in the human body. The substance takes an active part in synthesis reactions purines and pyrimidines , is a precursor of other amino acids - cysteine , (bacteria) and; , sphingolipids , monoatomic carbon fragments of biomolecules.

This amino acid is an important catalyst for the functioning of various enzymes -, etc. After the agent crosses the blood-brain barrier, it is metabolized and converted into D-serine... This optical isomer, in turn, serves as gliotransmitter and neurotransmitter , co-activates NMDA receptors ... Also, the D-isomer is a potent agonist in glutamate receptors (stronger than himself glycine ).

Penetrating into the body, the substance is actively assimilated by the gastrointestinal tract and penetrates into the systemic circulation, is distributed to tissues and organs. Lek. the agent is metabolized by deamination, with the formation pyruvic acid and is converted to the D-isomer by an enzyme serine racemases ... The substance does not accumulate in the body.

Indications for use

Serine is prescribed:

• as part of complex therapy for protein-energy malnutrition and malnutrition;
• in combination with other treatments iron deficiency anemia.

Contraindications

Serin is contraindicated in the presence of lek on the components. means and for violations of the metabolism of amino acids in the body.

Side effects

The substance is well tolerated by patients, allergic reactions and (when taking tablets) unpleasant symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract can rarely occur.

Instructions for use (Method and dosage)

Depending on the dosage form and the drug that contains this substance, it is administered orally in the form of tablets and capsules, or intravenously. The scheme and duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician.

Overdose

An overdose of this amino acid is practically impossible, there is no evidence of an overdose with Serine.

Interaction

The substance goes well with other lek. means, it is often added to iron preparations or used in combination with other amino acids.

Terms of sale

In order to purchase this amino acid, a prescription is not required.

Storage conditions

Store the medicine in a cool place in its original packaging. If the product is part of other drugs, then the storage conditions may differ slightly.

For children

This substance is actively used in pediatric practice.

During pregnancy and lactation

The tool is approved for use during breastfeeding and pregnancy.

Preparations which contain (Analogues)

Matching ATX level 4 code:

The substance is part of: , Aminoven , Aktiferrin Compositum , Aminoplasmal B. Brown E 10 , Aminoven Infant , Aminosol Neo , Aminosteril N-Hepa , , Hepasol-Neo , Kabiven , etc.

It is one of the most important amino acids in the human body. It is involved in the production of cellular energy. The first mention of serine is associated with the name of E. Kramer, who in 1865 isolated this amino acid from silk threads produced by a silkworm.

Serine rich foods:

General characteristics of serine

Serine belongs to the group of nonessential amino acids and can be formed from 3-phosphoglycerate. Serine has the properties of amino acids and alcohols. It plays an important role in the catalytic activity of many protein-degrading enzymes.

In addition, this amino acid takes an active part in the synthesis of other amino acids: glycine, cysteine, methionine and tryptophan. Serine exists in the form of two optical isomers - L and D. 6. In the process of biochemical transformation in the body, serine is converted to pyruvic acid.

Serine is found in proteins in the brain (including the nerve sheath). It is used as a moisturizing component in the production of cosmetic creams. Participates in the construction of natural proteins, strengthens the immune system, providing it with antibodies. In addition, it is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses to the brain, in particular to the hypothalamus.

Daily Serine Requirement

The daily requirement for serine for an adult is 3 grams. Serine should be taken between meals. This is due to the fact that it is able to increase blood glucose levels. It should be borne in mind that serine is a replaceable amino acid, and it can be formed from other amino acids, as well as from sodium 3-phosphoglycerate.

Serine requirements increase:

• with diseases associated with a decrease in immunity;
• with weakening of memory. With age, serine synthesis decreases, therefore, to improve mental performance, it must be obtained from foods rich in this amino acid;
• with diseases during which the production of hemoglobin decreases;
• with iron deficiency anemia.

The need for serine decreases:

• with epileptic seizures;
• with organic diseases of the central nervous system;
• chronic heart failure;
• with mental disorders, manifested by anxiety, depression, manic-depression psychosis, etc.;
• in case of chronic renal failure;
• with alcoholism of the first and second degrees.

Serine assimilation

Serine is well absorbed. At the same time, it actively interacts with taste buds, thanks to which our brain gets a more complete picture of what exactly we are eating.

Useful properties of serine and its effect on the body

Serine regulates muscle cortisol levels. At the same time, the muscles retain their tone and structure, and also do not undergo destruction. Creates antibodies and immunoglobulins, thereby forming the body's immune system.

Participates in the synthesis of glycogen, accumulating it in the liver.

Normalizes thought processes, as well as the functioning of the brain.

Phosphatidylserine (a special form of serine) has a therapeutic effect on metabolic sleep and mood disorders.

Interaction with other elements:

In our body, serine can be converted from glycine and pyruvate. In addition, there is the possibility of a reverse reaction, as a result of which the serine can become pyruvate again. In this case, serine is also involved in the construction of almost all natural proteins. In addition, serine itself has the ability to interact with proteins to form complex compounds.

Serine for beauty and health

Serine plays an important role in the structuring of proteins, has a beneficial effect on the nervous system, so it can be ranked among the amino acids that our body needs for beauty. After all, a healthy nervous system allows us to feel better, and therefore look better, the presence of a sufficient amount of protein in the body makes the skin turgor and velvety.

Serine is a nonessential amino acid that is involved in the construction of almost all natural proteins. In the human body serine synthesized from 3-phosphoglycerate, an intermediate product of glycolysis. The amino acid serine is involved in the formation of active centers of many enzymes, including esterase, an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of esters. serine plays a very important role in the energetics of cells.

The value of the amino acid serine in the human body

In the human body amino acid serine necessary for:

• muscle growth;
• normal metabolism of fats and fatty acids;
• maintaining the immune system.

It is also worth noting that serine takes part in thought processes and has a positive effect on a person's memory. Serine is of great importance in strengthening the nervous system.

Considering serine from the point of view of biochemistry, this amino acid is involved in the production of immunoglobulin antibodies, and is also directly involved in the synthesis of compounds such as pyrimidine, purine, porphyrin and creatine. It is important to note that serine is considered a natural pain reliever.

Serine amino acid participates in the storage of glycogen by the liver, provides the immune system with antibodies and forms a kind of "sheaths" of fat around nerve fibers. For women, it will be interesting to know that serine is used as a moisturizer in the production of creams.

Sources of serine

Daily requirement for serine small - 3 grams, especially since it is synthesized in the body. A large amount of serine is found in meat and dairy products. Also, this amino acid can be obtained from soy products, peanuts and wheat gluten.

Basically serine found in almost all foods. The main thing is to pay attention to the fact that products of plant origin contain significantly less amino acids than in animals. The largest amount of serine is found in whole chicken eggs and chicken meat (0.930 and 0.900 per 100 g of product, respectively). Least of all amino acid serine contain fruits and vegetables.

Support from the outside is very important for the body, and despite the fact that serine is synthesized in the body, for better functioning of organs and systems, additional supplies must be provided. This is especially important for a growing organism - amino acid serine participates in many processes. Therefore, you should not completely abandon animal products, because only they can provide us with all amino acids, including.

Serine is a nonessential amino acid that the human body produces from the other two - glycine and threonine.

A high concentration of this amino acid is found in all cell membranes. Serine is an important component of proteins in the brain and myelin sheaths, which protect nerve cells from biochemical and mechanical damage. Meanwhile, an amino acid overdose is toxic to nerve cells. Because of this property, some researchers refer to serine as the "insanity-inducing" substance. Available as a white powder, it is widely used as a dietary supplement.

What is Serine

The name "serine" in Latin means "silk", and all because for the first time this amino acid was deduced by E. Kramer in 1865 from proteins present in natural silk. The study of the chemical structure of serine began in 1902. Since then, it has been known about the unique properties of this substance, which combines the properties of an amino acid and alcohol.

Serine is not one of the essential amino acids, but it is extremely important for proper metabolism and the formation of pyrimidines and purines - substances on which the formation of the genetic code depends. Serine also creates serious support for the immune system, contributes to its normal functioning.

In the human body, this amino acid is present in the form of the L-isomer and mimics the action of a naturally occurring antipsychotic compound, making it useful in the treatment of mental disorders. Although serine has a number of advantages, its main "task" is to promote the functioning of the central nervous system and the brain. A lack of amino acids can lead to depletion (up to complete disappearance) of the myelin sheaths, which protect the nerve endings in the brain. If this happens, the body will stop transmitting signals to different parts of the body.

Also, this amino acid is necessary for the production of tryptophan, which, in turn, is important for the production of serotonin, the hormone of happiness. Serotonin is used by the brain to regulate mood, relieve anxiety, and fight depression. The lack of adequate proportions of any of these substances leads to serious psycho-emotional disorders.

This highly reactive amino acid is found in all cell membranes. It is important for lipid and fatty acid metabolism and muscle growth. Plays a vital role in the production of immunoglobulins and antibodies, is an integral component of proteins in the brain and neural membranes. It is important for the synthesis of muscle tissue, participates in the creation of all four DNA bases, and is a donor of methyl groups.

The body uses serine as a material to create creatine, which combines with it to add volume to the muscles. This amino acid is found in choline, ethanolamine, sarcosine, and phospholipids. Can be converted to pyruvate (and vice versa), which allows the liver and muscles to convert glycogen to glucose. It is also the "progenitor" of the oxygen transport molecule hemoglobin, which gives the blood a red color and transports oxygen throughout the body. In addition, it is of decisive importance in metabolism, is involved in the biosynthesis of cysteine, it is necessary for the synthesis of creatine phosphate.

In the human body, serine is closely related to other amino acids: it helps to create cysteine ​​from homocysteine, serves as a starting molecule for glycine. Meanwhile, the production of serine itself directly depends on the presence in the body, and folic acid.

- interchangeable amino acids. When the body doesn't get enough of the first substance, it starts using glycine and threonine. However, this process also needs.

Like another non-essential amino acid, cysteine, serine is a catalyst for enzymatic processes. In addition, it helps the absorption of creatine (important for building and maintaining muscle shape).

Glucose synthesis also depends on the availability of this amino acid. And the consumption of protein foods rich in these substances helps to stabilize blood sugar levels, prevents fluctuations in plasma glucose levels. The combined action of serine and glycine helps to stabilize sugar in diabetics.

This chain of relationships shows how important the balance of all amino acids and other elements in the body is.

Daily requirement

Since serine is a nonessential amino acid and is produced in sufficient quantities by the body, the exact daily intake has not been established. However, it has been proven that 500 mg of the substance taken daily has a beneficial effect on the body.

The most effective therapeutic rates for serine are considered to be 300 to 3000 mg of the amino acid per day.

Nutritionists recommend drinking the supplement between meals, since against the background of serine, an increase in blood glucose is possible.

The ambiguity in amino acid dosages is caused by the fact that people of different ages, sexes and health conditions need different servings of serine. For example, most of the substance is needed by people with low immunity, after serious illness, with anemia (caused by iron deficiency). It is desirable to increase the daily intake of the substance for people with poor memory. First of all, this applies to people of old age, with weakened mental activity.

But who should not get carried away with the drug is people with epilepsy, chronic heart or kidney failure, diseases of the central nervous system. Also, people with mental disabilities or alcoholism should be treated with caution with serine.

Deficiency and overdose

As the researchers convince, serine obtained from food is not absorbed by the body in the form of serine. With enough vitamin B6 and healthy gut microflora, this amino acid is converted to glycine. But when consuming large amounts of serine, unpleasant side effects can occur, ranging from allergies and depletion of adrenaline stores to the formation of tumors.

The pharmaceutical industry offers serine in the form of dietary supplements. But the abuse of these drugs can cause side effects: upset stomach, nausea, insomnia. An extreme increase in the recommended daily allowance can lead to suppression of the immune system, allergies, and catalepsy (freezing of the body in a certain position). In some cases, high doses of the substance can disrupt blood clotting in people with heart disease and high cholesterol, cause hyperactivity, abnormally high hemoglobin and high glucose levels. But as most healthcare professionals say, there aren't many people who actually need additional serine supplementation.

At the same time, serine deficiency can cause chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia. But, as nutritionists convince, the deficiency of natural serine is possible only in exceptional cases. The reason for this is a hereditary disease that makes the biosynthesis of L-syrin impossible. Also, a lack of amino acids can develop in children. Deficiency symptoms can include seizures and psychomotor retardation. Lack of tryptophan and serotonin in adults is manifested, as a rule, by insomnia, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, pain in the tissues adjacent to the joints, decreased performance and the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Serine in food

Serine is one of the amino acids that a healthy body is able to produce on its own.

Meanwhile, adherence to a balanced diet is a guarantee that a person will not face the problem of amino acid deficiency. Daily consumption of the right foods allows the body to synthesize the required amount, maintain them at the optimal level necessary to perform all the vital functions of the body.

The presence of folic acid and vitamins B3 and B6 is essential in the serine production process. A combination of these elements is found in peanuts, soy products, milk, meat, and wheat gluten. On the other hand, eating a diet that contains a lot of processed foods, on the other hand, can cause an amino acid deficiency. A high concentration of serine is found in processed cheese, meat, fish, eggs, milk, koumiss, hard cheese and cottage cheese, as well as in soybeans, chestnuts, nuts, cauliflower, corn and wheat.

Serine content table in food

Product name (100g)	Serine content (mg)
Egg white	6079
Whole eggs	3523
Soya beans	2120
Swiss cheese	1640
Beans	1428
Bacon	1408
Lentils	1290
Peanut	1270
Turkey	1198
Wheat germ	1102
Almond	1010
Sesame seeds, flax	970
Walnuts	930
Venison, pork	900
Beef	870
Fish (salmon)	810
Seafood	800
Hen	680

Serine is essential for overall physical and mental health. This amino acid is essential for the proper functioning of the brain and central nervous system. Serine contributes to the functioning of RNA and DNA, the metabolism of fats and fatty acids, the absorption of creatine, on which the health and strength of muscles (including the heart) depends. In addition to all of the above, it helps to retain moisture in the body. This ability could not go unnoticed by the cosmetic industry. Therefore, many skin care products contain this amino acid as a moisturizing agent.