Mokshan regiment in the Russian-Japanese war. The story of one song. On the hills of Manchuria

Now I will actually lay out several variants of the words of the waltz itself.

Even before the revolution, the music of the waltz "Mokshan Regiment on the Hills of Manchuria" was composed of several versions of poetry. The most widespread are the words that belonged to the famous Russian poet and writer Stepan Gavrilovich Petrov (better known under the pseudonym Wanderer). This version (with some minor changes) was performed by the famous singer Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky.

"Mokshan Regiment on the Hills of Manchuria"
poet Stepan Gavrilovich Petrov (Wanderer)

Quiet all around, the hills are covered with haze,
The moon flashed from behind the clouds,
The graves keep peace.

Crosses turn white - these are heroes asleep.
The shadows of the past have been circling for a long time
They say about the victims of the battles.

Quiet all around, the wind carried away the fog,
Warriors sleep on the hills of Manchuria
And Russians do not hear tears.

My dear mother cries, cries,
The young wife is crying
Everyone is crying as one person
Bad fate and the fate of the curse! ...

Let the gaoliang bring you dreams
Sleep the heroes of the Russian land,
Fatherland's own sons.

You fell for Russia, you died for the Fatherland,
Trust us, we will avenge you
And we will celebrate the bloody feast.

Here's another pre-revolutionary option.

"On the hills of Manchuria"

Gaoliang sleeps,
The hills are covered with haze ...
Warriors sleep on the hills of Manchuria,
And the Russians do not hear tears ...

Scary all around
Only the wind on the hills weeps
Sometimes the moon comes up from behind the clouds
The soldiers' graves are illuminated.

The crosses turn white
Distant beautiful heroes.
And shadows of the past swirl around
They tell us about vain sacrifices.

In the midst of everyday darkness
Everyday everyday prose,
We still cannot forget the war,
And burning tears flow.

Body heroes
Long since rotted away in the graves,
And we did not give them the last debt
And the eternal memory was not sung.

So sleep well sons,
You died for Russia, for the Fatherland.
But believe still we will avenge you
And we will celebrate the bloody feast.

Mother crying, crying
The young wife is crying
All Russia cries as one person
Bad fate and the fate of cursing ...

Quoted from the album "Mitkovskie Songs".

The most famous today is this version of the words. This version was sung by K.I. Shulzhenko, and today D. Hvorostovsky sings.

"On the hills of Manchuria"
poet Alexey Ivanovich Mashistov

The night has come
Twilight fell on the ground,
Desert hills are drowning in the darkness,
The east is closed by a cloud.

Here underground
Our heroes are sleeping
The wind sings a song above them and
The stars are staring from heaven.

It was not a volley that flew from the fields -
It was thunder in the distance.
And again everything is so calm around,
Everything is silent in the silence of the night.

Sleep fighters
Sleep well,
May you dream of the native fields,
Father's distant home.

May you die in battles with enemies,
Your feat calls us to fight,
Washed in the blood of the people
We will carry forward.

We will go towards a new life
Let's throw off the burden of slavery.
And the people and the motherland will not forget
The valor of their sons.

Sleep fighters
Glory to you forever!
Our homeland, our dear land
Do not conquer your enemies!

Night, silence
Only the gaoliang is noisy.
Sleep, heroes, the memory of you
Motherland protects!

Quoted from the book: “Old waltzes, romances and songs. Songbook "- Compiled by EB Sirotkin. L., "Soviet Composer", 1987.

In 1945, the front-line poet Pavel Nikolayevich Shubin (1914-1951) wrote another poetic test to the music of Ilya Shatrov. The idea of ​​the text was inspired by the battles of the Red Army with the troops of militarist Japan. A new poetic version "On the Hills of Manchuria", composed by Pavel Shubin, was published by the newspaper "Stalinist Warrior" of the 1st Far Eastern Front and was immediately picked up by the soldiers who sang it to a familiar tune. This song was performed by frontline and army ensembles. This text is well known after the Great Patriotic War, can be considered the least known today. In 2007, this recording, previously unknown to researchers, was made by Konstantin Vershinin from the Artel "Plastics" disc number 1891. The song was recorded by P.T. Kiricheka dates back to 1958.

"On the hills of Manchuria"

Poet P. Shubin

The fire is dying
The hills were covered with fog.
Light sounds of an old waltz
The accordion is quietly leading.

With music in tune
Remembered the hero soldier
Dew, birch, light brown braids,
Girlish cute look.

Where they are waiting for us today
In the meadow in the evening,
With the most severe touchy
We danced this waltz.

Timid dating evenings
Long gone and disappeared into the darkness ...
Manchu hills are sleeping under the moon
In powder smoke.

We have saved
Glory native land.
In fierce battles we are in the East,
Hundreds of roads have passed.

But also in battle,
In a distant foreign land
We recall in bright sorrow
Motherland, my mother.

Far ah, far away
At this moment from the spark.
The nights are gloomy from Manchuria
Clouds float towards her.

Into the dark space
Past the night lakes
Lighter than birds, above the border
Higher than the Siberian mountains.

Leaving the gloomy edge,
Fly after us into a joyful one
All our brightest thoughts
Our love and sadness.

The fire is dying
The hills were covered with fog.
Light sounds of an old waltz
The accordion is quietly leading.

Quoted from the record on Artel "Plastmass" disc No. 1891

And here is the modern version of the words in Ukrainian.

"Mi pam" yatam "
Poet M. Rokhlenko

Zvintar old,
Rivni rows of graves.
The rest of the glorious blues
Scho did not misbehave

For the native land,
For our short days.
The dream gently shines from heaven,
І to gild the ridge.

І burn a ridge of gold,
Not medals - vartovs.
Spooky take care of the warriors,
To lie by the gray earth.

Do not be seen by the enemies.

Cry, cry dear mother,
Young squad sl_zonki llє.
All Fatherland is in sorrow for you,
I will see you.

Souls of the beats
Spokiy our harrow.
Choti y roji - for the last parade
The holy army has come.

Your life is not free.
We didn't miss the heroes of the win
Pam "I'm alive about you!

І burn a ridge of gold,
Not medals - vartovs.
Spooky take care of the warriors,
To lie by the gray earth.

Sleep, warriors, glory to you!
Our Vichizna, native land,
Do not be seen by the enemies.

A unique photo of the 7th company of the Mokshan regiment, in a few months these soldiers will be at the front, and it is in their honor that the waltz "On the hills of Manchuria" will be written.

In February 1905 Mokshansky infantry regiment in the hardest battles between Mukden and Liaoyang, he fell into Japanese encirclement. The regiment commander was killed. And when the forces of the defenders were running out and the ammunition was running out, a brass band suddenly started playing in the rear of the regiment, led by Kapellmeister Ilya Alekseevich Shatrov, giving the fighters strength. The regiment managed to break through the encirclement. From the whole regiment, only 7 musicians of the orchestra came out alive, who were later awarded St. George's crosses, honorary silver trumpets. Kapellmeister I. A. Shatrov "for differences of time against the Japanese" was awarded the Order of Stanislav of the third degree "with swords"
In May 1906, the Mokshan regiment returned to its place of deployment in Zlatoust. In the summer, Ilya Shatrov created the first version of the waltz, which was called “Mokshansky regiment on the hills of Manchuria”. Shatrov dedicated a waltz to his deceased friends. On September 18, 1906, the Mokshan regiment was redeployed to Samara. Here Shatrov met and became friends with the teacher, composer and music publisher Oskar Filippovich Knaub, who provided the aspiring composer with serious assistance in completing the work on the waltz and its subsequent publication. In the summer of 1907, Ilya Shatrov's waltz sheet music "Mokshansky Regiment on the Hills of Manchuria" was sold in Oscar Knaub's shop of cheap editions.
In Samara, the first performance of the waltz by a brass band took place. At first, the provincial audience greeted this waltz rather coolly, but later the popularity of the waltz began to grow, and since 1910 the circulation of gramophone records with the waltz recording began to exceed the circulation of other fashionable waltzes. Only in the first 3 years after writing, this waltz was reprinted 82 times.
Due to its popularity, the waltz became the target of “audio pirates”, who released records without the author's permission and without paying royalties. And many gramophone companies, having paid the author a fee, repeatedly replicated gramophone records, no longer paying the fee to either the author of the work or the performers. Only with the adoption in 1911 of the first law on copyright in Russia, Shatrov managed to defend his right to a part of the proceeds from the sale of records.
At the end of World War II, the waltz "On the Hills of Manchuria" was often performed on the radio and in concerts in connection with the solemn moments marking the victories Soviet army over the Japanese militarists in Manchuria.

Regiment history:
"MOKSHAN (214th) INFANTRY REGION
a military formation stationed in Zlatoust in 1901-1906. Originally formed in 1878 on the basis of the Ryazan local battalion. In 1891, he received the name Mokshansk (214th) reserve infantry battalion for the district town of Mokshansk, Penza province. In December 1901 he was transferred from Penza to Zlatoust. In March 1903, two companies of the battalion took part in the execution of the striking workers of the Zlatoust plant. In May 1904, he was deployed to the 214th Mokshan Infantry Regiment. From August 14, 1904, the regiment participated in the Russian Japanese war as part of the 5th Siberian Corps (battles near Liaolyan, an offensive on Bensikha). The soldiers of the regiment distinguished themselves in the battle of Mukden, where for 10 days they held the defense on the right flank of the Russian army and, constantly counterattacking the enemy, did not allow the encirclement of the Russian troops. In this battle, the regiment suffered heavy losses: out of 4,000 bayonets, 700 remained in the ranks, the regiment commander, Colonel P.P. Pobyvanets, was killed. The regiment received special insignia: officers - badges, soldiers - signs on headdresses with the inscription "For Distinction in the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905." After the end of hostilities, on May 8, 1906, the regiment returned to Zlatoust, from where in September 1906 it was transferred to Samara, and in May 1910 it was merged into the 189th Izmailovsky Infantry Regiment. In 1914 the regiment was re-formed under the name of the 306th Mokshansky. Participated in the 1st World War in battles near Warsaw, Volyn, on the river. Styr, near the Kovno fortress. Disbanded in March 1918.
Upon the announcement of mobilization on June 1, 1904, the Mokshan regiment deployed into field infantry regiments - the 214th Mokshansk (54th division) and 282nd Chernoyarsk (71st division).
In the 214th Mokshan regiment there were 6 headquarters officers, 43 chief officers, 404 non-commissioned officers, 3548 privates, 11 horse orderlies and 61 musicians.
During the war with Japan 1904-1905. Moksha residents lost: killed - 7 officers and 216 lower ranks, wounded - 16 officers and 785 lower ranks, missing - 1 officer and 235 lower ranks (believed killed, but not identified).
One of the bloody battles took place near Mukden and Liaoyang. For eleven days, the Mokshans did not withdraw from the battles, holding their positions. On the twelfth day, the Japanese surrounded the regiment. The defenders were running out of ammunition. At this critical moment, the regimental orchestra, conducted by the conductor Ilya Alekseevich Shatrov, began to play in the rear of the Russians. Marches replaced each other. The music gave the soldiers strength, and the encirclement was broken.

For this battle, seven orchestras were awarded the St. George Cross.
By September 18, 1906, the regiment was transferred to Samara, where the conductor of the Mokshan regiment I. A. Shatrov published the waltz "Mokshan regiment on the hills of Manchuria" which became world famous.

Its popularity was unusually high. In the first three years after writing, the waltz was reprinted 82 times. Gramophone records with music written by Shatrov were released in huge numbers. Abroad, this waltz was even called "the national Russian waltz". Only in the pre-revolutionary years, several versions of the text were written on a popular melody.

The most widespread are the words written by Stepan Skitalets:

ON THE HEADS OF MANCHURIA
(pre-revolutionary version)
Moose. I. Shatrov, lyrics St. Skitalets

Gaoliang sleeps,
The hills are covered with haze ...
Warriors sleep on the hills of Manchuria,
And the Russians do not hear tears ...

Scary all around
Only the wind on the hills weeps
Sometimes the moon comes up from behind the clouds
The soldiers' graves are illuminated.

The crosses turn white
Distant beautiful heroes.
And shadows of the past swirl around
They tell us about in vain sacrifices.

In the midst of everyday darkness
Everyday everyday prose,
We still cannot forget the war,
And burning tears flow.

Body heroes
Long since rotted away in the graves,
And we did not give them the last debt
And the eternal memory was not sung.

So sleep well sons,
You died for Russia, for the Fatherland.
But believe still we will avenge you
And we will celebrate the bloody feast.

Mother crying, crying
The young wife is crying
All Russia cries as one person
Bad fate and the fate of cursing ...
On the hills of Manchuria.

ON THE HEADS OF MANCHURIA
(Soviet version)
Moose. I. Shatrov, lyrics A.Mashistov

The night has come
Twilight fell on the ground,
Desert hills are drowning in the darkness,
The east is closed by a cloud.

Here underground
Our heroes are sleeping
The wind sings a song above them and
The stars are staring from heaven.

It was not a volley that flew from the fields -
It was thunder in the distance. 2 times
And again everything is so calm around,
Everything is silent in the silence of the night.

Sleep, fighters, sleep a restful sleep,
May you dream of the native fields,
Father's distant home.

May you die in battles with enemies,
Your feat calls us to fight,
Washed in the blood of the people
We will carry forward.

We will go towards a new life
Let's throw off the burden of slavery.
And the people and the motherland will not forget
The valor of their sons.

Sleep, fighters, glory to you forever!
Our homeland, our dear land
Do not conquer your enemies!

Night, silence, only the Gaoliang noise.
Sleep, heroes, the memory of you
Motherland protects!

Quoted from the book: "Old Waltzes, Romances and Songs. Songbook" - Compiled by EB Sirotkin. L., "Soviet Composer", 1987.

From the history of musical works. Ilya Alekseevich Shatrov

The title of this piece of music originally contained the name of the military unit, whose history began on the Penza land - "Mokshan regiment on the hills of Manchuria." But over time, its transformation took place and now it sounds briefly - "On the hills of Manchuria."
This waltz by I. A. Shatrov has many poetic variants for its musical basis.

January 19, 1878 during the reform Russian army 44 reserve infantry battalions were formed. In Penza, the 59th reserve infantry battalion (commanded by Colonel K.M. Akimfov) is formed on the basis of personnel expelled from 1-gerb-mokshan Coat of arms of the city of Mokshan, Ryazan local battalion. In 1891, the battalion received the name Mokshansky (at the place where one of the companies was quartered). On December 26, 1899, it was renamed the 214th Infantry Reserve Mokshan Battalion (commanded by Colonel Nikolai Gavrilovich Pirotsky). The city of Mokshan, founded in 1679, is located 40 versts from Penza on the guard line, where the townspeople with weapons in their hands defended their homeland from the predatory raids of the steppe nomads. The city's coat of arms depicted "in a red field, two berdyshs, ancient military weapons, as a sign that the inhabitants of this city are the essence of old services, service people."
The residents of Moksha had their own traditions, a banner, a choir of music (orchestra). Every year on May 21, they celebrated the holiday of the unit. In 1900, the money allocated for the celebration of this event was donated by the residents of Moksha to create a museum and a monument to A.V. Suvorov - that year marked the 100th anniversary of the death of the brilliant commander. The battalion's orchestra (Kapellmeister VL Kretovich) took part in the concert of the brass bands of the Penza units, half of the collection also went to the Suvorov Foundation.

On November 26, 1900, on the day of the feast day of the Order of St. George the Victorious, when parades of troops and Cavaliers of St. George were held throughout the country, a parade was held in Penza at the choirs of music with banners drawn out. The parade was commanded by the new, fourth commander of the Mokshan battalion, Colonel Pavel Petrovich Pobyvanets, a participant in the Russian-Turkish war, awarded with military orders and golden weapons for his distinction in battles in Transcaucasia.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the situation in the Far East worsened. Ahead was the Russo-Japanese War. On November 24, 1901, the Mokshan battalion left Finogeyevsky barracks in Penza for good and relocated to Zlatoust. On February 1, 1902, the commander of the 54th reserve brigade, Colonel Semenenko, informed the commander of the 214th Mokshan battalion Pobyvanets about the proposed reorganization of the battalion into a two-battalion regiment.
At that time, the workers of the Zlatoust plant opposed the administration. They came to the plant management, demanded better working conditions and the release of those arrested. March 13, 1903 by order of the Ufa governor. NM Bogdanovich summoned two companies of Moksha residents opened fire on a crowd of workers. 45 people were killed, about 100 were injured. The echo of the Zlatoust massacre swept across the country. On the verdict of the militant organization of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, worker Yegor Dulebov on May 6, 1903, killed the governor Bogdanovich.
In the spring of 1903, two more were added to the six companies, so that the battalion could be converted into a two-battalion regiment, and a separate unit of the Mokshan battalion in Yekaterinburg (5-8th company) was formed under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Alexei Petrovich Semenov.
The Russo-Japanese War began. On May 27, 1904, martial law was declared and the "reinforcement" of reserve units in the Kazan, Moscow and Kiev military districts was declared. On June 8, the Mokshan reserve battalion deployed into two field infantry regiments: the 214th Mokshansky in Zlatoust and the 282nd Chernoyarsky in Yekaterinburg (from a separate unit of the 214th battalion). In the Mokshan regiment there were 6 headquarters officers, 43 chief officers, 391 non-commissioned officers, 3463 privates, 11 horse orderlies and 61 musicians.
On June 30, the sovereign emperor arrived at the front in Chrysostom to celebrate the farewell of the soldiers. Many Moksha residents received memorable gifts. Colonel Pobyvanets was presented with an excellent combat saber. The regiment set out in six echelons from the city and on July 31 arrived in Mukden, and on August 14 took up positions on the left flank of the Russian army near Liaoyang on the Dalin Pass, which it successfully defended throughout the Liaoyang battles.
On September 26, the Mokshans took part in the offensive on Bensikha, but they especially distinguished themselves in the battles near Mukden, where for more than 10 days, stubbornly defending and fiercely counterattacking, the regiment held positions near railroad, preventing the Japanese from encircling the Russian army. The heavily shell-shocked colonel remained in the ranks and in the most difficult moments commanded:
“Banner forward! Orchestra forward! "
To the sounds of an orchestra with a thunderous "Hurray!" Moksha residents rushed after the 56-year-old commander into the bayonet and repulsed enemy attacks. Orchestras (choirs of music) in the Russian army have long been an invariable part of it organizational structure, creating the necessary psychological mood in battles, campaigns, at parades. A. V. Suvorov argued that "music doubles, triples the army."

On February 27, 1905, near Mukden, the regiment covered the withdrawal of artillery and the last convoys of the 22nd division, then it left its old positions. During the retreat, Colonel Pobyvanets was seriously wounded in the right thigh by the Shimoza. The soldiers who rushed to him, he ordered:
"First, pick up the wounded soldiers ...".
He was carried out last. At the dressing station, straining his last strength, the commander asked to bring the regiment's banner. He died in an ambulance train near the Gunzhulin station. On May 25, 1905, Chrysostom accompanied the hero Pavel Petrovich Pobyvants to his last journey with military honors.
The war ended, there were barely 700 people left from Moksha. Chernoyarsk residents were again added to them. In January 1906, the first spare were sent home. The Mokshan regiment returned to Zlatoust on May 8, 1906. For heroism in battles, Moksha warriors were presented with awards and insignia: a breastplate for officers, a headdress for lower ranks with the inscription "For distinction in the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905."
On May 21, the day of the traditional regimental holiday of the Moksha people, the Zlatoust people watched with interest a vivid picture of the parade of the famous regiment, marching under the pierced bullets and fragments of the banners of the Mokshan and Chernoyarsk regiments. The skill of the regimental orchestra was highly appreciated. The orchestra members always went to the enemy together with the warriors, inspired the soldiers with their skill and courage. Even when the orchestra was not allowed to participate in the battles, they often voluntarily threw themselves into the very heat of the battle, assisted the wounded, carrying them out from under the fire. Inspired by military glory, military bands in Peaceful time played in city gardens, at festivities and were irreplaceable promoters of the best musical works in the most remote places of the country. And the military conductors themselves often composed beautiful melodies that are still popular. Such are the marches by S. Chernetsky, "Farewell of a Slav" by V. Agapkin, waltz "Amur Waves" by M. Kyus, etc.
With the outbreak of World War II in 1914, the regiment was re-formed. On July 17, in the Admiralteyskaya Sloboda near Kazan, the 306th Mokshansky Infantry Regiment was awarded the banner of the 214th Mokshansky Infantry Regiment. Mokshans participated in the Warsaw-Ivangorod operation of 1914, in the battles in the Vladimir-Volyn direction in 1916, on the Styr River, near the Kovno fortress. Everywhere they were faithful to their duty to the end.
In March 1918, the regiment was disbanded.
But it was not the Zlatoust massacre or even military exploits that brought resounding glory to the Mokshan regiment, but the waltz “Mokshan regiment on the hills of Manchuria” composed in 1906 by the regiment's bandmaster I. A. Shatrov. V post-war years a lot has been written about this in our press (about a hundred publications are known, unfortunately, for the most part they are poor in true facts and abound in speculation).
From the very birth, the waltz was accompanied by an unprecedented success. In 1907, music began to be published, and since 1910, gramophone records with a waltz recording, performed mainly by military orchestras, have been released. Then the singers sang it - they began to compose various versions of the text to the taste of the performers for the music.
The long name of the waltz did not fit into one line on the record label, and it was "shortened". So the name of the legendary regiment, to which the waltz was dedicated, disappeared from the name. The authors of the texts, who were often unaware of the existence of the Mokshan regiment, also helped to forget it. The first editions of the notes of the text did not have, but for the sake of completeness, they contained some explanations: "the conversation of orphaned women", "the conversation of soldiers", "the sound of wheels", etc.
The following facts testify to the popularity of the waltz "On the Hills of Manchuria". By 1911, O. F. Knaub (Shatrov granted him a monopoly right) republished the sheet music 82 times, and the Zonofon company sold 15 thousand records in the first half of December 1910 alone.
With the establishment Soviet power the waltz began to be interpreted as a symbol of tsarism and the White Guard and was practically never performed. In 1943, the jazz orchestra (then the State Jazz of the RSFSR) under the direction of L. O. Utesov used the motive "Sopok" in a patriotic medley. In 1945, on the eve of the war with Japan, I.S.Kozlovsky sang a waltz.

The author of the famous waltz Ilya Alekseevich Shatrov (1879-1952) was born into a poor merchant family in the town of Zemlyansk, Voronezh province. Orphaned early, Ilyusha was brought up by his uncle Mikhail Mikhailovich, who, being himself musically gifted, taught the basics of music to his nephew. By the way, his daughter Elena Mikhailovna Shatrova-Fafinova subsequently sang on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow.
shatrov-i-a - wIlya Alekseevich Shatrov (1879-1952) After graduating from the district school, Ilya enters the platoon of trumpeters of the Life Guards of the Grodno Hussar Regiment in Warsaw. In 1900 he graduated from the courses of conductors at the Warsaw Institute of Music, then for several months he lived in his native Zemliansk without work. Apparently, not without the assistance of its former regimental commander, General O. Ya. Zander, who in 1902 became chief of staff of the Kazan military district, in March 1903 Shatrov received the post of civilian bandmaster of the Mokshan regiment in Zlatoust. With this regiment, he worked his way up to the first disbandment of the regiment in 1910.
In 1904, the Mokshan Regiment was part of the 1st Manchurian Army. By order of its commander No. 273 dated April 2, 1905
"For excellent and diligent service in a military situation ... a silver medal with the inscription" For diligence "to be worn on the chest on the Annenskaya ribbon ..." was awarded to the "214th Infantry Mokshan Regiment, a civilian conductor of Tents."
In the winter of 1905, the Mokshan regiment was already part of the 3rd Manchurian army, and by order of its commander No. 429 of October 24, 1905, Shatrov was again awarded a silver medal "for excellent diligent service and special labors." In Russia, there was a "gradual" award, that is, a strict sequence from the lowest awards to the highest. At the same time, the same award was not presented twice. Orders were awarded only to officials, including officers. Medals were assigned to non-military and lower ranks of the army. The violation was eliminated by a new order No. 465 - on the replacement of the silver medal with the gold medal, the military bandmaster of the 214th infantry Mokshan regiment, Shatrov, who had been awarded by it for the second time.
While this red tape lasted, Shatrov received the first rank of collegiate registrar, and now he was entitled to a lower order, not a medal. Order No. 544 of January 20, 1906 followed:
"Kapellmeister of the 214th Mokshan regiment, Ilya Shatrov, instead of the awarded ... gold medal with the inscription" For diligence "to be worn on the chest on the Stanislavsky ribbon ... I am rewarding the Order of St. Stanislav of the 3rd degree with swords for differences in time against the Japanese."
By the way, the predecessor of Shatrov Vyacheslav Kretovich, who fought in Manchuria as the bandmaster of the 283rd Bugulma regiment, also had the rank of collegiate registrar, was awarded the order Stanislav 3rd degree with swords with the same wording.
IA Shatrov, carried away at one time by the young merchant's daughter Shura Shikhobalova, wrote another popular waltz "Country Dreams". After her death in 1907, he married the bride's mother, widow E.P. Shikhobalova. Then his "swan song" sounded - the last composition "Autumn has come".

Some authors, referring to the memoirs of Shatrov himself, wrote about a search of his house and some kind of gendarme persecution, but I. A. Shatrov was far from revolutionary activity. But his sister Anna and brother Fyodor were associated with the Voronezh revolutionaries, printed and distributed illegal literature, for which they were arrested in 1906. Uncle Mikhail paid off hard to "hush up the matter." Ilya Alekseevich, having received a large fee for the waltz "On the Hills of Manchuria", sent part of the money to his uncle, significantly supporting his family in difficult times. This could have attracted the attention of the gendarmes to the composer.
In 1918, the merchant I. A. Shatrov fled from the revolution to Siberia. In Novonikolaevsk (Novosibirsk) he fell seriously ill with typhus, and when he recovered, there were red people in the city. Shatrov was mobilized into the Red Army. In 1938, he was demobilized by age with the rank of a 1st rank quartermaster technician.
In the spring of 1945, Shatrov was again enlisted in the army. But in his personal file, now stored in the Tambov city military registration and enlistment office, changes were made. The date of birth is not 1879, but 1885. In 1952, Shatrov died with the rank of Guards Major and was buried in Tambov.

On the hills of Manchuria. Song of the Russian-Japanese War.

ON THE HEADS OF MANCHURIA

Music by Ilya Shatrov
Words of the Wanderer (Stepan Petrov)

Quiet all around, the hills are covered with haze.
The graves keep peace.

The shadows of the past have been circling for a long time
They say about the victims of the battles.

And Russians do not hear tears.

My own mother is crying, a young wife is crying,

Bad fate and the fate of the curse! ..

Sleep, heroes of the Russian land,
Motherland of my own sons.

Sleep, sons, you died for Russia, for the fatherland,

And we will celebrate the bloody feast.

Masterpieces of Russian romance / Ed.-comp. N.V. Abelmas. - M .: LLC "AST Publishing House"; Donetsk: "Stalker", 2004. - (Songs for the soul).

The original name was "Mokshan Regiment on the Hills of Manchuria". Dedicated to the soldiers of the 214th Mokshan Infantry Battalion, who died in February 1905 in battles with the Japanese near the town of Mukden.

The author of the melody is Ilya Shatrov, conductor of the Mokshan regiment. There are many variants of the text - author's and folklore. Among the authors, among others, the poet K.R. - Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov, but this is more of a legend. Alterations were also created many years after the war - by A. Mashistov (see below), and in 1945 by Pavel Shubin (). Today a comic song is sung to this melody "Quiet in the forest, just the badger does not sleep ...". There is also a song of the same name by Alexander Galich<1969>dedicated to the memory of the writer Mikhail Zoshchenko.

From. Sat: Anthology of a military song / Comp. and the author of the foreword. V. Kalugin. - M .: Eksmo, 2006:

The Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 was unsuccessful and fatal in its consequences for Russia, but the memory of it was preserved in two songs that became one of the most popular - "Varyag" and the waltz "On the Hills of Manchuria". At their core real events: the death of the cruiser "Varyag" in a naval battle and the death of soldiers of the Mokshan regiment - in the land. "Varyag" - the first of the cruisers of the Far Eastern squadron, took an unequal battle in Port Arthur with 14 Japanese ships. With his death, a tragic war for the Russian fleet began. The bloody battle on the hills of Manchuria of the Mokshan regiment is just an episode of this war. But it was he who was destined to become no less significant than the naval battle. The regiment consisted of 6 headquarters officers, 43 chief officers, 404 non-commissioned officers, 3548 privates, 11 horse orderlies and 61 musicians. These musicians were to play a decisive role. For eleven days the regiment did not leave the battle. On the twelfths, the encirclement closed. But at the most critical moment, when both strength and ammunition ran out, the regimental orchestra burst out. Military marches followed one after another. The Japanese wavered. Russian "Hurray!" sounded in the finale. For this battle, seven orchestra members were awarded the soldier's St.George Cross, and the bandmaster was awarded the officer's combat order of Stanislav 3rd degree with swords. Soon the name of this bandmaster, Ilya Alekseevich Shatrov, was recognized by the whole of Russia. In 1906, the first edition of his waltz "Mokshan Regiment on the Hills of Manchuria" was published, which underwent more than a hundred reprints. Gramophone records with waltz music were sold in fabulous circulations. And soon there were also words to the music of the waltz. The most famous is the poetic text by Stepan Skitalts, the author of the song "Bells-bells are ringing ..." to the music of J. Prigozhi. V Soviet times Shatrov's waltz, like "Varyag", continued to be among the most popular, but with new words that were more in line, as it was believed then, with the "spirit of the times": "We will go towards a new life, / Let's throw off the burden of slave shackles", etc. In the 1920s and 1930s, not only "On the Hills of Manchuria", but also other old songs sounded in a new way. Now, in the 21st century, they have also become part of history.

Wanderer (Stepan Gavrilovich Petrov) (1869-1941)

OPTIONS (5)

1. On the hills of Manchuria

Version performed by I.S.Kozlovsky

Quiet all around, the hills are covered with haze,
The moon flashed from behind the clouds,
The graves keep peace.

The crosses turn white - these are the heroes asleep.
The shadows of the past are spinning again
They say about the victims of the battles.

Quietly around, the wind carried away the fog,
Warriors sleep on the hills of Manchuria
And the Russians do not hear tears.
My dear mother cries, cries,
The young wife is crying
Everyone is crying as one person
Bad fate and the fate of the curse! ..

Let the gaoliang bring you dreams
Sleep, heroes of the Russian land,
Fatherland native sons,
You fell for Russia, you died for your homeland.
Trust us, we will avenge you
And we will celebrate a glorious feast!

An old Russian romance. 111 masterpieces. For voice and piano. In four issues. Issue IV. Publishing house "Composer. St. Petersburg", 2002. - in total, the collection contains two versions of the text (the above and the text of Mashistov)

2. On the hills of Manchuria

The moon flashed from behind the clouds,
The graves keep peace.
Quiet around, the wind carried away the fog.
Warriors sleep on the hills of Manchuria
And the Russians do not hear tears.
Let the gaoliang bring us dreams.
Sleep, heroes of the Russian land,
Motherland of my own sons ...

The excerpt quoted in the song of Alexander Galich "On the hills of Manchuria" (in memory of M. M. Zoshchenko),<1969>

3. On the hills of Manchuria

Gaolian sleeps, the hills are covered with mist.
The moon flashed from behind the clouds,
The graves keep peace.
Quiet around, the wind carried away the fog.
On the hills of the Manchu warriors sleep,
And the Russians do not hear tears.
Sleep, heroes of the Russian land,
Motherland of my own sons.

No, it was not a volley from distant fields that flew,
It thundered in the distance
And again there was silence all around.
Everything froze in this silence of the night,
Sleep warriors sleep heroes
Quiet, restful sleep.
Let the gaoliang bring you a sweet dream,
Father's distant home.

Sleep, fighters, glory to you forever.
Our homeland, our dear land
Do not conquer your enemies.
On a hike in the morning, a bloody battle awaits us,
Sleep, heroes, you are not dead,
If Russia lives.
Let the gaoliang bring you sweet dreams.
Sleep, heroes of the Russian land,
Motherland of my own sons.

Unknown source, unsigned

The night has come
Twilight fell on the ground,
Desert hills are drowning in the darkness,
The east is closed by a cloud.

Here underground
Our heroes are sleeping
The wind sings a song above them,
And the stars are looking from heaven.

It was not a volley that flew from the fields, -
It thundered in the distance
And again everything is so calm around
Everything is silent in the silence of the night. *

Sleep fighters
Sleep well,
May you dream of the native fields,
Father's distant home.

May you die
In battles with enemies,
Your feat
Calls us to fight,
With the blood of the people
Washed banner
We will carry forward.

We will go to meet
New life
Lose the burden
Slave shackles.
And the people and the Fatherland will not forget
The valor of their sons.

Sleep fighters
Glory to you forever!
Our Fatherland,
Our dear land
Do not conquer your enemies!

Night, silence
Only the gaoliang is noisy.
Sleep heroes
The memory of you
Motherland protects!

* This verse is repeated twice

Ah, those black eyes. Compiled by Yu. G. Ivanov. Moose. editor S. V. Pyankova. - Smolensk: Rusich, 2004

An old Russian romance. 111 masterpieces. For voice and piano. In four issues. Issue IV. Publishing house "Composer. St. Petersburg", 2002.

5. On the hills of Manchuria

Arranged by A. Khvostenko, late 20th century

Scary all around
Only the wind weeps on the hills,
The soldiers' graves are illuminated ...

The crosses turn white
Distant beautiful heroes.

In the midst of everyday darkness
Everyday everyday prose

And burning tears flow ...

Body heroes
Long since rotted away in the graves,

And the eternal memory was not sung.

So sleep well, sons,
You died for Russia, for the fatherland,
But believe me, we will still avenge you
And let's celebrate the bloody feast!

Phonogram transcript by A. Khvostenko, audiocassette "Mitkovskie songs. Supplement to the album", studio "Soyuz" and studio "Dobrolet", 1996

Perhaps this is not an adaptation of Khvostenko, but one of the original texts, since the same version in Sat. Anthology of a war song / Comp. and the author of the foreword. V. Kalugin. M .: Eksmo, 2006 - given as the author's version of the Wanderer:

On the hills of Manchuria

Music by Ilya Shatrov
Drifter's Words

Gaoliang sleeps,
The hills are covered with haze ...
Warriors sleep on the hills of Manchuria,
And the Russians do not hear tears ...

Scary all around
Only the wind weeps on the hills.
Sometimes the moon comes up from behind the clouds
The soldiers' graves are illuminated.

The crosses turn white
Distant beautiful heroes.
And shadows of the past swirl around
They tell us about in vain sacrifices.

In the midst of everyday darkness
Everyday everyday prose,
We still cannot forget the war,
And burning tears flow.

Body heroes
They have decayed long ago in the graves.
And we did not give them the last debt
And the eternal memory was not sung.

So sleep well, sons,
You died for Russia, for the Fatherland.
But believe me, we will still avenge you
And we will celebrate the bloody feast.

My dear mother cries, cries,
The young wife is crying
All Russia is crying as one person.

The Mokshan 214 Infantry Regiment was originally formed in 1878 on the basis of the Ryazan local battalion. In 1891, he received the name Mokshansk (214th) reserve infantry battalion for the district town of Mokshansk, Penza province. In December 1901 he was transferred from Penza to Zlatoust. In May 1904, he was deployed to the 214th Mokshan Infantry Regiment. From August 14, 1904, the regiment participated in the Russo-Japanese War as part of the 5th Siberian Corps (battles near Liaolyan, offensive on Bensikha).

In the 214th Mokshan regiment there were 6 headquarters officers, 43 chief officers, 404 non-commissioned officers, 3548 privates, 11 horse orderlies and 61 musicians.

One of the bloody battles took place near Mukden and Liaoyang. The battle for Mukden lasted more than 10 days, and the regiment was continuously in action. On February 25, 1905, the regiment became part of the rearguard covering the retreat of our troops from the city. On the 27th, already during the retreat, the commander of the 214th regiment, Colonel P.P. Russian-Turkish war was awarded military orders and golden weapons.

For eleven days, the Mokshans did not withdraw from the battles, holding their positions. On the twelfth day, the Japanese surrounded the regiment. The defenders were running out of ammunition.

At this critical moment, the regimental orchestra, conducted by the conductor Ilya Alekseevich Shatrov, began to play in the rear of the Russians. Marches replaced each other. The music gave the soldiers strength, and the encirclement was broken.

For this battle, seven orchestras were awarded the St. George Cross, and the bandmaster himself was awarded the Order of Stanislav 3rd class. with swords.

By September 18, 1906, the regiment was transferred to Samara, where the conductor of the Mokshan regiment I. A. Shatrov published the waltz "Mokshan regiment on the hills of Manchuria" which became world famous.

Due to the wide distribution, some verses were modified during oral transmission, so that you can find several other versions of it. In this video, Yulia Zapolskaya performs the pre-war version of the waltz.

The popularity of the waltz was unusually high. In the first three years after writing, the waltz was reprinted 82 times. Gramophone records with music written by Shatrov were released in huge numbers. Abroad, this waltz was even called "the national Russian waltz". Only in the pre-revolutionary years, several versions of the text were written on a popular melody. The most widespread are the words written by Stepan Skitalts.

ON THE HEADS OF MANCHURIA

(pre-revolutionary version)

Moose. I. Shatrov, lyrics St. Skitalets

Gaoliang sleeps,

The hills are covered with haze ...

Warriors sleep on the hills of Manchuria,

And the Russians do not hear tears ...

Scary all around

Only the wind on the hills weeps

Sometimes the moon comes up from behind the clouds

The soldiers' graves are illuminated.

The crosses turn white

Distant beautiful heroes.

And shadows of the past swirl around

They tell us about in vain sacrifices.

In the midst of everyday darkness

Everyday everyday prose,

We still cannot forget the war,

And burning tears flow.

Body heroes

Long since rotted away in the graves,

And we did not give them the last debt

And the eternal memory was not sung.

So sleep well sons,

You died for Russia, for the Fatherland.

But believe still we will avenge you

And we will celebrate the bloody feast.

Mother crying, crying

The young wife is crying

All Russia cries as one person

Bad fate and the fate of cursing ...

On the hills of Manchuria.