Orphanage at kurakina dacha. After the overhaul, the Kurakina Dacha park was opened with the excavated Kozlov stream. Address and contact information

Kurakina dacha November 14th, 2012

The previous time I wrote about the Leningrad River Station. It was adjacent to a very pleasant park called Kurakina Dacha. Taking a look at the ruins of the station, I ran a small crossover with a camera in my hands around the neighborhood.
In the first ten days of November this year there were some completely abnormal sunny days. And so, despite the absence of leaves and the presence of dirt, the photos are bright.

The city of Petersburg is so huge that its different new districts are like different cities for me. And my attitude to different areas is completely different. I like the south and southwest of the city. Probably because I grew up and live here. I really don't like the cheerful village and Rzhevka-Powder. Huge spaces between terrible new buildings, a piercing wind between them, and gopniks wander around the yards. These are some of my associations. From the northern districts, I only like the Citizen in the Sosnovka Park area. And when I find myself in the area of ​​Dolgoye Lake and the Commandantsky airfield, I have a persistent feeling that I am no longer in my hometown, but in some completely different place. Either on the outskirts of Moscow, or in Cherepovets.

I never liked the area of ​​the Lomonosovskaya metro station - Proletarskaya. It's somehow uncomfortable here. The only pleasant place was the River Station and the surrounding park.

Kurakina dacha is called so because these lands were once owned by the princes of Kurakin. The Kurakins are an old Lithuanian family, from the Gediminovichi. They served the Moscow tsars for many years. According to information from the Internet, the last of the Kurakin family, princes Alexander and his son Dmitry, live, as befits real Russian princes, in France.

The Kurakins owned these lands in the 18th century. They were acquired by Prince Boris Alexandrovich Kurakin. The princes Kurakin were one of the richest people of their time and one of the largest landowners in Russia. A park was laid out here, a manor house and other buildings were built, all of this has not survived to our time. The sons of Boris Alexandrovich, Alexander and Alexei, became prominent political figures of their era. Prince Alexander Borisovich was brought up together with the young heir to the throne Pavel Petrovich and was friends with him. In the last years of the reign of Catherine II, in connection with this friendship, he fell into disgrace and was exiled from St. Petersburg to one of the many estates of his family in the Saratov province. After the death of the mother of Emperor Paul, the career of the Kurakin brothers took off. Alexander was vice-chancellor, then ambassador to Vienna and Paris. And Alexey rose to the rank of Governor of Little Russia.
However, it seems that during this period they were not up to "Kurakina Dacha", and in 1801 they sold it to the treasury. In the 19th century, the Nikolaev Orphan Institute was located here. And after the revolution, the house of pioneers and a botanical garden.

In the southern corner of the park there are several buildings that are indirectly related to this story. The wooden building of the hospital of the Nikolaev Institute survived the war and burned down only in 2007. Arson was suspected. This is what the building looked like in its last years:

photo site karpovka.net

However, no elite housing was built here. Moreover, a stone building was built - a "replica" of the old wooden one. And for the sake of authenticity, they lined it with clapboard. The institution here is extremely unhappy; it is now a children's hospice.

Honestly, when I read the sign about what exactly is located in this well-kept and renovated building, my mood soured and the place no longer seemed cute to me.

The main building of the former orphanage is now occupied by secondary school # 328.

The building is in excellent condition, everything just shines.

Around the park alleys are tiled.

Between the hospice and the school is a typical post-war brick building of a pioneer house.
We have the same house of pioneers in the Moscow region.

Kurakina Dacha Park is located in a lowland, and most of it was flooded with water in November.
You can't even always make out where the pond really is,

and where is the land flooded with water:

To the north, the park continues to the Volodarsky Bridge.

On the edge of the park there is a monument to that very Volodarsky. The monument is completely invisible from the bridge, and to my shame I did not have the slightest idea of ​​its existence.

Moreover, I didn't even know exactly who Comrade Volodarsky was. It is clear that some kind of "revolutionary leader". And only Wikipedia told me that this was a very curious character. His real name is Moisey Markovich Goldstein, at the age of 14 he joined the Jewish radical socialist party "Bund". Subsequently he became a Bolshevik. In 18 he was shot dead when he was on his way to another rally at the Obukhov plant. The murdered Volodarsky was buried on the Field of Mars. And in general he became one of the hero-martyrs of the October Revolution. One of the versions of his biography can be read here.

Who was the first architect of the Kurakina dacha is unknown, but a drawing from an old book brought to us the appearance of the main building, as seen by his contemporary in 1744.

Baron Ivan Cherkasov, director of the Porcelain Factory, was the first owner of the estate, which is known today as Kurakina Dacha. The first, except for the inhabitants of the village of Miikkula (aka Mikkeli, known since the 1620s), which was located in these places back in pre-Petrine times.

Ivan Cherkasov started out in poverty. He was a simple clerk, and even when he entered the service in the Cabinet of Peter I , his funds remained very limited. Over time, Ivan Antonovich became more and more trusting of Peter. Under Elizaveta Petrovna, Ivan Antonovich became the empress's cabinet-sect, received the baronial title, and was awarded orders and villages.

After the death of Baron Cherkasov, another nobleman, Senator Prince Boris Alexandrovich Kurakin, became the owner of his dacha, and from him the dacha went to the children. One of his sons was the famous Alexander Kurakin, one of the educated people of his time, a close friend of the heir to Pavel Petrovich, who later became Emperor Paul I.

In the 1780s, the Kurakins erected a number of buildings here that have not survived to this day. And in 1801, the Kurakina dacha was acquired by the treasury for the Alexandrovskaya manufactory. Many young pupils of the Imperial Orphanage worked at this enterprise. They were settled in the country. Then for several years an almshouse of the Orphanage operated at the dacha.

The orphanage was generally a unique institution for its time. Established by the thought of Ivan Betsky(the author of one of the most famous reforms of Russian education), it was intended to raise orphans, foundlings, children from poor families. In 1806, as part of the Orphanage, a special School for the deaf and dumb appeared (the country's first educational institution for disabled people), on the basis of classrooms at home in 1837 the Orphan Institute for Women (later the Nikolaev Orphan Institute - now the Pedagogical University) was established, whose pupils became teachers of music, gymnastics and dance, French ...

The old lordly buildings could not meet all the needs of the new establishments. The main building was expanded and rebuilt three times. In 1845-1848, wings were built on the sides of the stone house, which housed kitchens, bakeries, laundries, a pharmacy, and apartments for employees. Also, separate houses for the boss were erected for the hospital.

In 1847, the juvenile department of the Nikolaev Orphanage Institute (designed for children from 5 to 11 years old) moved to the Kurakina dacha. For the holidays, older pupils also came here, who conducted practical classes with minors and went on excursions - including to the Glass and Porcelain factories, to the Obukhov factory, to the Hermitage and the Peter and Paul Fortress.

In 1868-1870, the stone building was completely rebuilt and enlarged according to the project of architect. I.E. Ioganson. The new U-shaped building stretches for 100 meters. It housed classrooms and bedrooms, servants' apartments, gymnastics and recreation halls, an infirmary; in the right wing was the church of St. blessed prince Alexander Nevsky. On November 2, 1869, the church was consecrated by Bishop Pavel of Ladoga in the presence of Prince P.G. Oldenburgsky. The facade of the church was decorated with a large recessed cross and completed with a stepped pediment. The church was located on the 2nd floor next to the recreation hall and was separated from it by a sliding partition. Its decoration was modest: even 4 icons in a single-tier white and gold iconostasis were colored lithographs. The altarpiece "Savior Blessing Children" by artist K.L. Peterson copied from the work of Acad. T.A. Neffa. Initially, the building housed 100 children, and after the reconstruction - 150 children.

For summer recreation of the pupils, on the site of the dilapidated Kurakino buildings, an extended one-story wooden building was erected, divided in half by a stone hall.

Mikhail Ivanovich Pylyaev (Russian writer, journalist, well-known expert on Russian antiquity ), who saw Kurakina's dacha with his own eyes, wrote: “The dacha where the establishment is located lies among a shady garden surrounded by a beautiful fence; the whole land under the dacha is 12 acres. " This Pyliaev speaks of a shady garden formed after the redevelopment of 1858, which was carried out by the garden master Joachim Alwardt ...

For the needs of the estate, a pond was created on the territory of the Kurakina dacha, which has survived to this day. It was clean, it was full of fish. There were wooden outbuildings around the pond. The young pupils of the Nikolaev Orphanage Institute swam in this pond in the summer. Wooden log cabins were built on the bank of the pond: stables, barracks, a cowshed, a kennel, a gardener's house, greenhouses and greenhouses were built, vegetable gardens were set up.

From the western and northern sides of the territory, the Kozlov stream flowed, which dried up in the summer. The channel of this stream can be seen even now, when there is a lot of rain in spring or autumn.

During the years of the revolution, the large wooden house of the Kurakina dacha burned down, the greenhouse disappeared without a trace. In the remaining premises, a boarding school was opened, and then a school. In the fall of 1925, the students turned one of the vacant lots closest to the dacha into a Yunnatsky site. The farm of young naturalists was proudly named "Agrobaza".

By 1931, the entire park had become, in fact, a botanical garden. A guide to Leningrad noted here "a strict order, labels on trees with the name of the species and the slogans of the environmental commission." Then, at the Kurakina dacha, the V.I. Volodarsky, and Agrobaz was upgraded to the Agrobiological Station. In 1937, almost simultaneously with the city's Palace of Pioneers, its House of Pioneers and Schoolchildren appeared in the Volodarsky district - at Kurakina dacha. It still works, now it is the Levoberezhny Children's Art House.

The southern part of the Kurakina dacha was given over to collective gardens: local inhabitants grew fruits here. “The greenhouse facilities organized here during the blockade saved the lives of many Leningraders. In the spring of 1942 alone, 30,000 tomato bushes and about a million of cabbage and rutabagas were grown here, as well as a new tomato variety called "Yunnat", writes historian Sergei Glezerov.

Already in the post-war years, boarding school No. 10 was located here. The famous film actor Yevgeny Leonov-Gladyshev studied here for eight years, as he told in one of his interviews: “Our boarding school at Kurakina dacha gave me the happiest years of my life. It so happened that with my parents alive, I was forced to live and study there. It was a real republic of SHKID, an extraordinary brotherhood. In those days, the Kurakina dacha was considered a wild bandit place. But I didn't become a bandit. True, we managed to steal bottles from the collection point and handed them over the next day. It was our little business. "

Today, the state of Kurakina's dacha cannot be called prosperous, let's hope that the best years are ahead of her.

General plan of Kurakina dacha
A - winter room for young pupils (now there is school 328)
B - summer room of pupils; C - infirmary; D - kitchen and living area;
E - room for the Head; F - sauna, laundry, living quarters; H - sheds, glacier and living quarters; I - farm and stable; K - barn; L - barn, cowshed, storerooms; N - greenhouse and gardener's room; W is an underground glacier.

Church wing

Evgeny KOVTUN

Country estate of the Kurakins in St. Petersburg

V. Borovikovsky. Portrait of the Vice-Chancellor Prince A.B. Kurakina. 1799.

In 1723, by decree of Peter I, the Nevskaya Zastava was opened behind the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, along the Shlisselburg tract - the state road to Arkhangelsk through Shlisselburg. The lands near the road were called Nevsky, or Izhora. They were actively built up: Brick and Porcelain factories, Mirror factory, Glassware factory, Aleksandrovskaya manufactory, Card and Curtain factories.

Dachas for representatives of large noble families were also erected there. Their names can be found on the map of St. Petersburg. Farforovskaya Street has survived to this day, and the old name of Shchemilovka is “Porcelain Colony”, as well as Glass Street and “Glass Town”. Among them is the garden and park ensemble "Kurakina Dacha".

A complex of buildings located on the left bank of the Neva River, the territory of the Nevsky District in the southeast of St. Petersburg, between the Lomonosovskaya and Proletarskaya metro stations, not far from the river station; in the 18-19th centuries it belonged to the princes Kurakin.

The choice of a summer cottage for the Kurakins exactly there is due to such factors as the convenient location of the land, the wonderful nature of these places, the proximity of the river, and the relative ease of moving to the recreation area along the Shlisselburg path.

Now this region is called the Kurakina Dacha park, and includes such a historical building of the Kurakin family's possessions as the building of the Almshouse of the Small Branch of the Nikolaev Orphan Institute.

There was a winter garden on the second floor of the building. Kozlovy stream flowed along the perimeter of the park, which flowed into the Neva. The traces of the stream can be seen even now. The beautiful park ensemble occupied 12 acres (17 hectares) of estates.

The first owner of the estate was Boris Ivanovich Kurakin. (1676-1727). Prince, associate of Peter I, diplomat. Member of the Azov campaigns and the Northern War. He commanded the Semenovsky regiment in the Battle of Poltava. Ambassador to Great Britain, Holland, Hanover, France. (Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2006)

His great-grandson, Alexander Kurakin, left an orphan early, at the invitation, was sent to the Winter Palace for joint games and training sessions with the heir to the throne Pavel Petrovich. In the palace he was brought up together with the future Emperor Paul I, who later appointed A. B. Kurakin Vice-Chancellor, Governor-General of Moscow.

In the future, Alexander Borisovich Kurakin (1752-1818) (Figure 1) is the owner of the dacha. Prince, Russian diplomat. In 1796-1802 he was vice-chancellor, president of the College of Foreign Affairs. Since 1797, the Ballys of the Order of Malta. Since 1798 - Senator, full member of the Russian Academy. Leader of the Nobility of the St. Petersburg province (1797-1799) Since 1801 - Member of the State Council. Active Privy Councilor 1st Class (1807). In 1809-12. Ambassador to France, promptly informed the Russian government about the upcoming invasion of Napoleon I, took an active part in concluding the Peace of Tilsit with France. (Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2006)

A. B. Kurakin - the owner of a huge fortune, known as the "Diamond Prince", was the first to abolish serfdom in his estate, and published a scientific work about it. Died July 25, 1818 in Weimar. He was buried in the church of the Mariinsky hospital in Pavlovsk.

The last owner of the dacha, until 1801, was Alexei Borisovich Kurakin. (1759-1829, St. Petersburg) Brother of Alexander Borisovich Kurakin. Prince, statesman, actual privy councilor (1797). In 1796-98. Attorney General, in 1798 Minister of the Department of Specific Estates, Member of the Permanent Council (1804-09), Minister of the Interior (1807-10), Member of the Council of State (1811). In 1824 he was chairman of the Committee on the Benefits of the Ravaged Flood. (Encyclopedic Dictionary of St. Petersburg).

Then, by the Imperial Decree of Emperor Paul I, dated February II, 1801, the building of the dacha was acquired for the residence of teenage orphans who worked at the Alexandrovskaya Manufactory, and became the property of the Department of Empress Maria Feodorovna. (The enterprise was founded in 1798 by Empress Maria Fedorovna for the development of the financial resources of the Orphanage.)

Instead of this dacha, Prince Alexei Borisovich Kurakin was assigned an estate in the Moscow province by the Emperor.

On August 30, 1813, the stone building of the dacha was transferred to the St. Petersburg Educational House to accommodate its pupils.

Further, in 1837, on the territory of the Kurakina dacha, by order of Emperor Nicholas I, the Orphan Institute was opened at the Orphanage. The dacha began to be called the Aleksandrovskaya dacha of the Nikolaev Orphan Institute. At first, a hundred orphans of noble origin, aged 5 to 11, were placed here to live. By this time, the building itself of the former dacha of the Kurakin family had fallen into disrepair, and the architect Ioganson rebuilt it in accordance with the purpose of the building and the convenience of the pupils living there. In 1869, work on the reconstruction of the facility was completed.

After the revolutionary events of 1917, the country was swept by a wave of child homelessness. Many of the neglected have their parents killed in the World War and the Civil War, or died of hunger, cold and disease. Therefore, since 1918, the Kurakina Dacha facility has been used as a boarding school for workers' children.

The complex of buildings of the ensemble "Kurakina Dacha" (photo 2) includes a two-storey building made of red brick - the former teaching building (photo 3); the two-storey building of the former infirmary (photo 4), as well as the gray two-storey brick House of Children's Creativity "Levoberezhny" (standard project 1964) Previously, the teaching building was connected by a covered gallery with the main building.

Since 1974, secondary school № 328 of the Nevsky district of St. Petersburg with in-depth study of the English language has moved to the building of the Boarding School (photo 5). The building is located at: St. Petersburg, 193131, st. Babushkina, 56, building 1. In the lobby of the building there used to be a museum, and now there is an exposition dedicated to the history of the Kurakina Dacha complex.

Of the modern structures of the garden and park zone, a kindergarten, a restaurant "Ketal", and a restaurant of the same name "Kurakina Dacha" should be distinguished, which are rightfully proud of the green oasis, which until 1801 belonged to the Kurakin family.

Kurakina Dacha park. Photo by Yulia Chagina.

Kurakina Dacha. The former building of the teaching building.

Kurakina Dacha. Former hospital building.

Kurakina Dacha. Secondary school number 328
with in-depth study of the English language.

The building of the former School Church.
Photo by Sergei Alexandrovich Tambi.

Kurakina Dacha is a historical district in the southeast of St. Petersburg, on the left bank of the Neva. The district got its name from the estate of the Kurakin princes located here. The name was preserved in the name of the city garden "Kurakina Dacha".

The first owner of the estate was Prince Boris Ivanovich Kurakin. His great-grandson Alexander Kurakin, left an orphan early, was invited to the Winter Palace for joint games and training sessions with the heir to the throne Pavel Petrovich. Kurakin was brought up together with the future emperor Paul I, who later appointed him vice-chancellor.

A. B. Kurakin participated in the conclusion of the Tilsit peace with France, and from 1809 to 1812 he was the Russian ambassador in Paris. He died on July 25, 1818 in Weimar and was buried in the church of the Mariinsky Hospital in Pavlovsk.

The country house had a winter garden on the second floor. The park was bordered by the Kozlov Creek, which fell into the Neva (the traces of the brook are visible even now).

The magnificent garden and park occupied 12 acres.

In 1801, by the decree of Paul I, the dacha became the property of the Department of Empress Maria Feodorovna for the residence of orphans - teenagers who worked at the Alexandrovskaya manufactory. In return, Paul I ordered Kurakin to allocate land with a village near Moscow.

In 1837, on the territory of the Kurakina dacha, by order of Emperor Nicholas I, the Orphan Institute was opened at the Orphanage.

The dacha itself began to be called the Aleksandrovskaya dacha of the Nikolaev Orphan Institute. First, 100 girls of orphans of noble origin from 5 to 11 years old were brought here.

For them, the building of the former dacha of the princes Kurakin, which had fallen into disrepair, was rebuilt in the middle of the 19th century. The dilapidated building was rebuilt by the architect Ioganson. The reconstruction was completed in 1869.

Since 1918, a boarding school for workers' children has been organized on the territory of the former Orphan Institute. A significant part of the children did not have parents: some had their fathers killed in the imperialist and civil wars, while others died of hunger and disease.

This building housed 150 pupils of the Juvenile Department, divided into 15 groups. Each group had its own bedrooms and classrooms. Common were the gymnastics and recreational halls and the church in the name of the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky.

It also housed an infirmary, apartments for educating ladies and rooms for female servants. On both sides of the main building there were two two-story wings.

Now in this building there is a secondary school №328 with in-depth study of the English language.

The red brick building is a former teaching building. Previously, it was connected by a gallery with the main educational building.

In a gray brick building, built according to a standard design in 1964,

the House of Children's Creativity Levoberezhny is located, in the circles of which students of educational institutions of the region are engaged.

A children's hospice was opened in 2010

Now a cap was carried out on the territory. renovation and it became very beautiful here, many young trees were planted,