What deeds they did in the war. Composition "feat of the people during the Great Patriotic War." Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya

Imagine trying to rescue a blind person from a burning building, making your way step by step through burning flames and smoke. Now imagine that you are also blind. Jim Sherman, blind from birth, heard cries for help from his 85-year-old neighbor as she was trapped in her burning house. He found his way along the fence. Once he got to the woman's house, he somehow managed to get inside and find his neighbor Annie Smith, also blind. Sherman pulled Smith out of the fire and took him to safety.

Skydiving instructors donated everything to save their students

Few people will survive a fall from several hundred meters. But the two women were able to do it thanks to the dedication of the two men. The first gave his life to save the person he saw for the first time in his life.

Skydiving instructor Robert Cook and his student Kimberley Dear were about to make their first jump when the plane's engine broke. Cook told the girl to sit on his lap and tied their belts together. When the plane crashed to the ground, Cook's body took the brunt, killing the man and leaving Kimberly alive.

Another skydiving instructor, Dave Hartstock, also saved his student from being hit. This was Shirley Dygert's first jump, she jumped with the instructor. Digert's parachute did not open. During the fall, Hearthstock managed to get under the girl, softening the impact on the ground. Dave Hearthstock injured his spine, the injury paralyzed his body from the very neck, but both survived.

Simple mortal Joe Rollino (pictured above) has done incredible, inhuman deeds during his 104-year life. Although he weighed only about 68 kg, in his prime he could lift 288 kg with his fingers and 1450 kg with his back, for which he won various competitions several times. However, it was not the title of "World's Strongest Man" that made him a hero.

During World War II, Rollino served in the Pacific and received a bronze and a silver star for his bravery in the line of duty, as well as three purple hearts for battle wounds that caused him to be hospitalized for a total of 2 years. He carried off 4 of his comrades from the battlefield, two in each hand, while also returning to the heat of battle for the rest.

Paternal love can inspire superhuman feats, as two fathers have proven in different parts of the world.

In Florida, Joesph Welch came to the aid of his six-year-old son when an alligator grabbed the boy's arm. Forgetting his own safety, Welch struck the alligator, trying to force it to open its mouth. Then a passerby arrived and began to beat the alligator in the stomach until the beast finally released the boy.

In Mutoko, Zimbabwe, another father saved his son from a crocodile when he attacked him in the river. Father Tafadzwa Kacher began poking the cane in the eyes and mouth of the animal until his son ran away. Then the crocodile aimed at the man. Tafadzwa had to gouge out the animal's eyes. As a result of the attack, the boy lost his leg, but he will be able to talk about his father's superhuman bravery.

Two ordinary women raised cars to rescue loved ones

Not only men are capable of manifesting superhuman abilities in critical situations. Daughter and mother have shown that women can be heroes too, especially when a loved one is in danger.

In Virginia, a 22-year-old girl rescued her father when a jack slipped from under a BMW he was working under and the car fell on a man's chest. There was no time to wait for help, the young woman lifted the car and moved it, then gave her father artificial respiration.

In Georgia, the jack also slipped and the 1,350-pound Chevrolet Impala fell on the young man. Without assistance, his mother Angela Cavallo lifted the car and held it for five minutes until neighbors pulled her son out.

Superhuman ability is not only about strength and courage, it is also about the ability to think and act quickly in an emergency.

In New Mexico, a school bus driver had a seizure, putting the children in danger. The girl who was waiting for the bus noticed that something had happened to the driver and called her mother. The woman Rhonda Carlsen took action immediately. She ran next to the bus and gestured to one of the children to open the door. After that, she jumped in, grabbed the steering wheel and stopped the bus. Thanks to her quick reaction, none of the schoolchildren were hurt, not to mention the people passing by.

A truck with a trailer drove along the edge of a cliff in the dead of night. The cab of a large truck stopped just above the cliff, with the driver in it. A young man came to the rescue, he broke the window and pulled the man out with his bare hands.

This happened in New Zealand in the Vayoeka Gorge on October 5, 2008. The hero was 18-year-old Peter Hanne, he was at home when he heard the crash. Without thinking about his own safety, he climbed onto the balancing car, jumped into the narrow gap between the cab and the trailer, and smashed the rear window. He gently helped the injured driver out as the truck staggered under his feet.

In 2011, Hanne was awarded the New Zealand Medal of Bravery for this heroic deed.

The war is full of heroes who risk their lives to save fellow soldiers. In Forrest Gump, we saw a fictional character rescue several of his co-workers, even after being wounded. In real life, you can find a plot and more abruptly.

For example, here is the story of Robert Ingram receiving the Medal of Honor. In 1966, during a siege by the enemy, Ingram continued to fight and save his comrades even after he was wounded three times: in the head (as a result, he partially lost his sight and was deaf in one ear), in the arm and in the left knee. Despite his injuries, he continued to kill the North Vietnamese soldiers who attacked his unit.

Aquaman is nothing compared to Shavarsh Karapetyan, who saved 20 people from a sinking bus in 1976.

The speed swimming champion of Armenia was jogging with his brother when a 92-passenger bus pulled off the road and fell into the water 24 meters from the shore. Karapetyan dived, kicked out the window and began to pull out people who were by that time in cold water at a depth of 10 m.They say that it took 30 seconds for each person he saved, he saved one by one until he lost consciousness in the cold and dark water ... As a result, 20 people survived.

But Karapetyan's exploits did not end there. Eight years later, he rescued several people from a burning building, while sustaining severe burns. Karapetyan received the Order of the Badge of Honor of the USSR and several other awards for salvation under water. But he himself claimed that he was not a hero at all, he just did what he had to.

A man lifted a helicopter to rescue his colleague

The set for the TV show turned into a tragedy when a helicopter from the hit TV series Magnum PI crashed into a drainage ditch in 1988.

During the landing, the helicopter suddenly banked, got out of control and fell to the ground, while everything was filmed. One of the pilots, Steve Kux, was trapped under a helicopter in shallow water. And then Warren "Tiny" Everal ran up and lifted the helicopter from Kaks. It was the Hughes 500D, which weighs at least 703 kg empty. Everal's quick reaction and his superhuman strength saved Kaks from the helicopter, which pinned him in the water. Although the pilot injured his left arm, he escaped death thanks to a local Hawaiian hero.

Twelve out of several thousand examples of unparalleled childhood courage
Young heroes of the Great Patriotic War - how many were there? If you count - how could it be otherwise ?! - the hero of every boy and every girl whom fate brought to war and made soldiers, sailors or partisans, then tens, if not hundreds of thousands.

According to the official data of the Central Archives of the Ministry of Defense (TsAMO) of Russia, during the war years, more than 3,500 servicemen under the age of 16 were registered in combat units. At the same time, it is clear that not every unit commander who dared to take the son of the regiment into the upbringing found the courage to declare about the pupil on command. You can understand how their fathers-commanders tried to hide the age of the little fighters, who in fact were for many instead of their fathers, by the confusion in the award documents. On the yellowed archival sheets, most of the underage servicemen are clearly overstated. The real one came to light much later, after ten or even forty years.

But there were still children and adolescents who fought in partisan detachments and were members of underground organizations! And there there were much more of them: sometimes whole families went to the partisans, and if not, then almost every teenager who found himself in the occupied land had someone to avenge.

So “tens of thousands” is far from an exaggeration, but rather an understatement. And, apparently, we will never know the exact number of young heroes of the Great Patriotic War. But this is not a reason not to remember them.

Boys walked from Brest to Berlin

The youngest of all the known little soldiers - in any case, according to the documents stored in the military archives - can be considered a graduate of the 142nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 47th Guards Rifle Division, Sergei Aleshkin. In archival documents, you can find two certificates about the awarding of a boy who was born in 1936 and ended up in the army since September 8, 1942, shortly after the punishers shot his mother and older brother for contact with the partisans. The first document dated April 26, 1943 - about rewarding him with the medal "For Military Merit" in connection with the fact that "Comrade. Aleshkin, the regiment's favorite, "with his cheerfulness, love for the unit and those around him, in extremely difficult moments, instilled courage and confidence in victory." The second, dated November 19, 1945, on awarding the pupils of the Tula Suvorov Military School with the medal "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945": in the list of 13 Suvorovites, the name of Aleshkin is the first.

But still, such a young soldier is an exception even for wartime and for a country where all the people, young and old, rose to defend the Motherland. Most of the young heroes who fought at the front and behind enemy lines were on average 13-14 years old. The very first of them were defenders of the Brest Fortress, and one of the regiment's sons - holder of the Order of the Red Star, the Order of Glory III degree and the medal "For Courage" Vladimir Tarnovsky, who served in the 370th artillery regiment of the 230th rifle division, left his autograph on the wall of the Reichstag in the victorious May 1945 ...

The youngest Heroes of the Soviet Union

These four names - Lenya Golikov, Marat Kazei, Zina Portnova and Valya Kotik - have been the most famous symbol of the heroism of the young defenders of our Motherland for over half a century. Fighting in different places and performing feats of different circumstances, all of them were partisans and all were posthumously awarded the country's highest award - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Two of them - Lena Golikov and Zina Portnova - by the time they had a chance to show unprecedented courage, were 17 years old, two more - Valea Kotik and Marat Kazei - only 14 each.

Lenya Golikov was the first of the four to be awarded the highest rank: the assignment decree was signed on April 2, 1944. The text says that the title of Hero of the Soviet Union Golikov was awarded "for exemplary performance of command assignments and displayed courage and heroism in battles." And indeed, in less than a year - from March 1942 to January 1943 - Lenya Golikov managed to take part in the defeat of three enemy garrisons, in the undermining of more than a dozen bridges, in the capture of a German major general with secret documents ... the battle near the village of Ostraya Luka, without waiting for a high reward for the capture of a strategically important "language".

Zina Portnova and Valya Kotik were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union 13 years after the Victory, in 1958. Zina was awarded an award for the courage with which she carried out underground work, then performed the duties of a liaison between the partisans and the underground, and in the end endured inhuman torment, falling into the hands of the Nazis at the very beginning of 1944. Valya - according to the totality of exploits in the ranks of the Shepetivka partisan detachment named after Karmelyuk, where he came after a year of work in an underground organization in Shepetivka itself. And Marat Kazei was awarded the highest award only in the year of the 20th anniversary of Victory: the decree on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on him was promulgated on May 8, 1965. For almost two years - from November 1942 to May 1944 - Marat fought as part of the partisan formations of Belarus and died, blowing up himself and the Nazis who surrounded him with the last grenade.

Over the past half century, the circumstances of the exploits of the four heroes have become known throughout the country: more than one generation of Soviet schoolchildren has grown up on their example, and the present people are certainly told about them. But even among those who did not receive the highest award, there were many real heroes - pilots, sailors, snipers, scouts and even musicians.

Sniper Vasily Kurka

The war found Vasya as a sixteen-year-old teenager. In the very first days, he was mobilized to the labor front, and in October he achieved enrollment in the 726th Infantry Regiment of the 395th Infantry Division. At first, the boy of non-recruitment age, who also looked a couple of years younger than his age, was left in the train: they say, there is nothing for teenagers on the front line to do. But soon the guy got his way and was transferred to a combat unit - to the sniper team.

Vasily Kurka. Photo: Imperial War Museum

An amazing military fate: from the first to the last day, Vasya Kurka fought in the same regiment of the same division! He made a good military career, rising to the rank of lieutenant and taking command of a rifle platoon. He wrote down to his own account, according to various sources, from 179 to 200 killed Nazis. He fought from Donbass to Tuapse and back, and then further, to the West, to the Sandomierz bridgehead. It was there that Lieutenant Kurka was mortally wounded in January 1945, less than six months before the Victory.

Pilot Arkady Kamanin

The 15-year-old Arkady Kamanin arrived at the location of the 5th Guards Assault Air Corps with his father, who was appointed commander of this illustrious unit. The pilots were surprised to learn that the son of the legendary pilot, one of the first seven Heroes of the Soviet Union, a member of the Chelyuskin rescue expedition, would work as an aircraft mechanic in a communications squadron. But they soon became convinced that the "general's son" did not live up to their negative expectations at all. The boy did not hide behind the back of his famous father, but simply did his job well - and strove to the sky with all his might.

Sergeant Kamanin in 1944. Photo: war.ee

Soon Arkady achieved his goal: first he rises into the air as a letnab, then as a navigator on the U-2, and then goes on the first independent flight. And finally - the long-awaited appointment: the son of General Kamanin becomes the pilot of the 423rd separate communications squadron. Before the victory, Arkady, who rose to the rank of foreman, managed to fly almost 300 hours and earn three orders: two - the Red Star and one - the Red Banner. And if it were not for meningitis, who literally in a matter of days killed an 18-year-old guy in the spring of 1947, perhaps in the cosmonaut corps, the first commander of which was Kamanin Sr., Kamanin Jr. would also have been listed: Arkady managed to enter the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy back in 1946.

Frontline intelligence officer Yuri Zhdanko

Ten-year-old Yura ended up in the army by accident. In July 1941, he went to show the retreating Red Army soldiers a little-known ford on the Western Dvina and did not manage to return to his native Vitebsk, where the Germans had already entered. So he left together with a part to the east, to Moscow itself, in order to start the return journey to the west from there.

Yuri Zhdanko. Photo: russia-reborn.ru

Yura managed a lot on this path. In January 1942, he, who had never jumped with a parachute before, went to the rescue of the encircled partisans and helped them break through the enemy ring. In the summer of 1942, together with a group of fellow intelligence officers, he blows up a strategically important bridge across the Berezina, sending not only the bridge bed to the bottom of the river, but also nine trucks passing through it, and less than a year later he turns out to be the only messenger who managed to break through to the surrounded battalion and help him get out of the "ring".

By February 1944, the 13-year-old scout's chest was decorated with the Medal For Courage and the Order of the Red Star. But a shell that exploded literally underfoot interrupted Yura's front-line career. He ended up in the hospital, from where he went to the Suvorov School, but did not pass for health reasons. Then the retired young intelligence officer retrained as a welder and on this "front" also managed to become famous, having traveled with his welding machine almost half of Eurasia - he was building pipelines.

Infantryman Anatoly Komar

Among the 263 Soviet soldiers who covered the enemy embrasures with their bodies, the youngest was Anatoly Komar, 15-year-old private of the 332nd reconnaissance company of the 252nd Infantry Division of the 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. The teenager entered the active army in September 1943, when the front came close to his native Slavyansk. It happened with him in almost the same way as with Yura Zhdanko, with the only difference that the boy served as a guide not for the retreating, but for the advancing Red Army men. Anatoly helped them to go deep into the front line of the Germans, and then left with the advancing army to the west.

Young partisan. Photo: Imperial War Museum

But, unlike Yura Zhdanko, the front line of Tolya Komar was much shorter. Only two months he had a chance to wear the shoulder straps that had recently appeared in the Red Army and go on reconnaissance. In November of the same year, returning from a free search in the rear of the Germans, a group of scouts revealed themselves and was forced to break through to their own in battle. The last obstacle on the way back was the machine gun, which pressed the reconnaissance to the ground. Anatoly Komar threw a grenade at him, and the fire died down, but as soon as the scouts got up, the machine gunner started firing again. And then Tolya, who was closest to the enemy, got up and fell on the machine-gun barrel, at the cost of his life buying his comrades precious minutes for a breakthrough.

Sailor Boris Kuleshin

In the cracked photograph, a boy of about ten is standing against the backdrop of sailors in black uniforms with ammunition boxes on their backs and the superstructures of a Soviet cruiser. His hands are tightly gripping the PPSh submachine gun, and on his head is a peakless cap with a guards' ribbon and the inscription "Tashkent". This is a pupil of the crew of the leader of the Tashkent destroyer Borya Kuleshin. The picture was taken in Poti, where, after repairs, the ship entered for another load of ammunition for the besieged Sevastopol. It was here at the gangway of "Tashkent" that twelve-year-old Borya Kuleshin appeared. His father died at the front, his mother, as soon as Donetsk was occupied, was driven to Germany, and he himself managed to leave through the front line to his own and, together with the retreating army, to reach the Caucasus.

Boris Kuleshin. Photo: weralbum.ru

While they were persuading the commander of the ship Vasily Yeroshenko, while they were deciding which combat unit to enroll in the cabin boy, the sailors managed to give him a belt, a peakless cap and a machine gun and take a picture of the new crew member. And then there was a transition to Sevastopol, the first raid on the "Tashkent" in Boris's life and the first in his life clips for an anti-aircraft artillery machine, which he, along with other anti-aircraft gunners, handed to the shooters. At his combat post, he was wounded on July 2, 1942, when German aircraft tried to sink a ship in the port of Novorossiysk. After the hospital, Borya followed Captain Yeroshenko to a new ship - the guards cruiser Krasny Kavkaz. And already here I found him a well-deserved reward: presented for the battles on the "Tashkent" for the medal "For Courage", he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner by the decision of the front commander Marshal Budyonny and a member of the Military Council Admiral Isakov. And in the next front-line photo he is already showing off in the new uniform of a young sailor, on whose head a peakless cap with a guards' ribbon and the inscription "Red Caucasus". It was in this uniform that in 1944 Borya went to the Tbilisi Nakhimov School, where in September 1945, along with other teachers, educators and pupils, he was awarded the medal "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."

Musician Petr Klypa

Fifteen-year-old pupil of the musical platoon of the 333rd Rifle Regiment, Pyotr Klypa, like other underage inhabitants of the Brest Fortress, had to go to the rear with the beginning of the war. But Petya refused to leave the fighting citadel, which, among others, was defended by his only family member - his elder brother Lieutenant Nikolai. So he became one of the first teenage soldiers in the Great Patriotic War and a full participant in the heroic defense of the Brest Fortress.

Petr Klypa. Photo: worldwar.com

He fought there until early July, when he received an order to break through to Brest along with the remnants of the regiment. This is where Petit's ordeal began. Having crossed the tributary of the Bug, he, among other colleagues, was captured, from which he soon managed to escape. He reached Brest, lived there for a month and moved east, following the retreating Red Army, but did not reach it. During one of the nights he and a friend were found by policemen, and the teenagers were sent to forced labor in Germany. Petya was released only in 1945 by American troops, and after checking he even managed to serve in the Soviet army for several months. And upon returning to his homeland, he again ended up behind bars, because he succumbed to the persuasions of an old friend and helped him speculate on the loot. Pyotr Klypa was released only seven years later. He needed to thank the historian and writer Sergei Smirnov for this, who, bit by bit, recreated the history of the heroic defense of the Brest Fortress and, of course, did not miss the history of one of its youngest defenders, who after his liberation was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree.

THE FEAT OF A MAN IN THE WAR (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ONE OF THE WORKS ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR)

Home essay, which took one week to prepare and write. The work was analyzed by three of the author's classmates.

The events of the Great Patriotic War are farther and farther away, but over time they do not lose their significance. When war breaks into the peaceful life of people, it always brings grief and misfortune to families. The Russian people experienced the hardships of many wars, but they never bowed their heads to the enemy and courageously endured all the hardships. The Great Patriotic War, which dragged on for four long years, became a real tragedy, a disaster. Both young men and men, even old men and women, rose to defend the Fatherland. The war demanded from them the display of the best human qualities: strength, courage, courage. The theme of war, the great feat of the Russian people, has become for many years the most important topic in Russian literature.

Boris Vasiliev is one of those writers who himself went through the difficult and long roads of war, who himself defended his native land with arms in hand. The most talented, in my opinion, the works of this author are "Not on the lists" and "The dawns here are quiet ...". I admire the truthfulness with which Vasiliev writes. All his works are the experiences of an eyewitness, not the inventions of a science fiction writer.

The story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet ..." tells about the distant events of 1942. German saboteurs are thrown into the location of the anti-aircraft machine-gun battery, which is commanded by Sergeant Major Vaskov, and he has only young girls under his command. Assuming that there are not very many Germans, Vaskov decides to destroy the invaders with the help of five of his "warriors". And he really does his job. But Vaskov paid too dear a price (preferably without a surname: the author does not have an accent on Vaskov's personal fault, the hero himself judges himself severely. - Author's note) for the victorious outcome of the battle.

The girls did not really respect their foreman: "the stump is mossy, there are twenty words in stock, and even those from the regulations." The danger brought all six closer together, revealed the best human qualities of the foreman, ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of saving the girls. The petty officer is a real fighter, because he went through all the Finnish language. Probably, it was thanks to such Vaskovs that a great victory in the war was won.

One of my favorite heroines in this story is Rita Osyanina. This fragile, young girl had a very difficult fate. Sergeant Osyanina was the assistant foreman in the group. Vaskov immediately distinguished her from the rest in the group: "strict, never laughs." Rita dies last in the group, and she leaves this world, realizing that no one can accuse her of cowardice. How clearly it seems to me the state of the girl in these last moments. How good it is to breathe ... To catch the last seconds of this greatest, most wonderful joy to inhale this tart, invigorating air! How you want, how you want to live! .. Another hour, another minute! One more second !!! But everything has been decided. Everything that is necessary and possible has been done. Rita entrusts her child to the foreman as the most dear person.

The red-haired beauty Komelkova saves the group three times. First time in the scene by the channel. In the second, helping the foreman, who was almost defeated by the German. In the third, she takes the fire on herself, leading the Nazis away from the wounded Osyanina. The author admires the girl: “Tall, red-haired, white-skinned. And children's eyes are green, round, like saucers. " The writer makes the reader feel the importance and depth of Zhenya's feat. I don't know why, but it was her fate that struck me. At the very beginning of the war, the Germans shot the entire family of Zhenya, not even sparing his younger brother. But, despite this, the girl did not harden her soul, did not become rude and cruel. And this wonderful girl dies, but dies undefeated, performing a feat for the sake of others. I think that death has no power over such people.

Liza Brichkina evokes special sympathy from the reader (and from the foreman Vaskov himself). Lisa was born in a small house in the wilderness. The daughter of a forester, Liza fell in love with Russian nature from early childhood. Dreamy Lisa. "Eh, Liza-Lizaveta, you should study!" But no, the war prevented! You cannot find your happiness, not write lectures for you: I did not have time to see everything that I dreamed of! Liza Brichkina dies, wanting to quickly cross the swamp and call for help. Dying with the thought of his tomorrow ...

Small and inconspicuous Galya Chetvertak ... She is still not matured, funny and awkwardly childish girl. And her death was as small as herself.

The impressionable Sonya Gurvich, a lover of Blok's poetry, also dies, returning for the pouch left by the foreman. The behavior of each of the five girls is a feat, because they are not at all adapted to military conditions. And even "non-heroic" deaths, for all their seeming accident, are associated with self-sacrifice.

And the sergeant major Vaskov remains. Alone in the midst of pain, anguish, alone with death. Is it one? He now has five times more strength. And what was in him the best, humane, but hidden in the soul, everything is revealed suddenly. The death of five girls, his "sisters", leaves a deep wound in the soul of the foreman. Indeed, in each he sees a future mother, who could have children, grandchildren, and now “there will be no such thread! A small thread in the endless yarn of humanity! "

The war did not pass by the side of Russian women, the Nazis forced to fight both mothers, present and future, in which the very nature of the inherent hatred of murder. These girls, completely different in character, had one feeling that united them: they loved their homeland, they were ready for self-sacrifice. They became soldiers. It is scary to imagine cute, very young girls with guns on their shoulders. They sacrificed their youth, their happiness for the sake of our future, our joy and youth. We will not forget them. For human pain must not be forgotten. You cannot throw memories of her into the farthest, most dusty corner of your memory and never get them out of there. This must be remembered. Remember to avoid repetition.

To forget the pain of the Great Patriotic War is not only impossible, but also impossible. For more than a decade, the dry figures of soulless statistics will remind us of this terrible tragedy of the people and this great feat of the Russian man. And for a long, very long time, even if all the archives burn down, works of art will remind us of this tragedy. And many generations, reading the books of B. Vasiliev, Y. Bondarev, K. Simonov, M. Sholokhov, V. Nekrasov, V. Panova and other authors, will remember the heroic struggle of the Russian people in this war, they will feel pain for the interrupted threads of human fate and childbirth.

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During the Great Patriotic War, many Soviet citizens (not only soldiers) performed heroic deeds, saving other people's lives and bringing the USSR's victory over the German invaders closer. These people are rightfully considered heroes. In our article, we will recall some of them.

Heroes men

The list of heroes of the Soviet Union who became famous during the Great Patriotic War is quite extensive, therefore Let's name the most famous:

• Nikolay Gastello (1907-1941): Hero of the Union posthumously, squadron commander. After the bombing of German heavy equipment, Gastello's plane was shot down. On a burning bomber, the pilot rammed an enemy column;
• Victor Talalikhin (1918-1941): Hero of the USSR, deputy squadron commander, took part in the battle for Moscow. One of the first Soviet pilots to ram the enemy in a night air battle;
• Alexander Matrosov (1924-1943): Hero of the Union posthumously, private, shooter. In a battle near the village of Chernushki (Pskov region), he closed the embrasure of a German firing point;
• Alexander Pokryshkin (1913-1985): three times Hero of the USSR, fighter pilot (recognized as an ace), improved combat techniques (about 60 victories), went through the entire war (about 650 sorties), air marshal (since 1972);
• Ivan Kozhedub (1920-1991): three times Hero, fighter pilot (ace), squadron commander, participant of the Battle of Kursk, made about 330 sorties (64 victories). He became famous for his effective shooting technique (200-300 m before the enemy) and the absence of cases when the plane was shot down;
• Alexey Maresyev (1916-2001): Hero, deputy squadron commander, fighter pilot. He is famous for the fact that after the amputation of both legs, using prostheses, he was able to return to combat flights.

Rice. 1. Nikolay Gastello.

In 2010, an extensive Russian electronic database "People's Feat" was created, containing reliable information from official documents about the participants in the war, their exploits and awards.

Heroes women

Separately, it is worth highlighting the women heroes of the Great Patriotic War.
Some of them:

• Valentina Grizodubova (1909-1993): the first female pilot - Hero of the Soviet Union, instructor pilot (5 world aviation records), air regiment commander, flew about 200 combat missions (of which 132 were night missions);
• Lyudmila Pavlichenko (1916-1974): Hero of the Union, world famous sniper, instructor at a sniper school, participated in the defense of Odessa and Sevastopol. Destroyed about 309 opponents, including 36 snipers;
• Lydia Litvyak (1921-1943): Hero posthumously, fighter pilot (ace), squadron flight commander, participated in the Battle of Stalingrad, battles in the Donbass (168 sorties, 12 victories in air battles);
• Ekaterina Budanova (1916-1943): Hero of the Russian Federation posthumously (she was listed as missing in the USSR), fighter pilot (ace), repeatedly fought against superior enemy forces, including going into a frontal attack (11 victories);
• Ekaterina Zelenko (1916-1941): Hero of the Union posthumously, deputy squadron commander. The only Soviet female pilot who participated in the Soviet-Finnish war. The only woman in the world who rammed an enemy plane (in Belarus);
• Evdokia Bershanskaya (1913-1982): the only woman awarded the Order of Suvorov. Pilot, commander of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (1941-1945). The regiment was exclusively female. For his skill in performing combat missions he received the nickname "night witches". Particularly distinguished himself in the liberation of the Taman Peninsula, Feodosia, Belarus.

Rice. 2. Pilots of the 46th Guards Aviation Regiment.

05/09/2012 in Tomsk, the modern movement "Immortal Regiment" was born, designed to honor the memory of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. On the streets of the city, residents carried about two thousand portraits of their relatives who participated in the war. The movement became widespread. Every year the number of participating cities is increasing, covering even other countries. In 2015, the Immortal Regiment campaign received official permission and took place in Moscow immediately after the Victory Day parade.

Heroes of the Great Patriotic War

Alexander Matrosov

Gunner-machine gunner of the 2nd separate battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after Stalin.

Sasha Matrosov did not know his parents. He was brought up in an orphanage and a labor colony. When the war began, he was not even 20. Matrosov was drafted into the army in September 1942 and sent to an infantry school, and then to the front.

In February 1943, his battalion attacked a Nazi stronghold, but fell into a trap, falling under heavy fire, which cut off the path to the trenches. They were shooting from three bunkers. Two soon fell silent, but the third continued to shoot the Red Army soldiers who lay in the snow.

Seeing that the only chance to get out of the fire was to suppress the enemy's fire, Sailors with a fellow soldier crawled to the bunker and threw two grenades in his direction. The machine gun fell silent. The Red Army went on the attack, but the deadly weapon rattled again. Partner Alexander was killed, and Matrosov was left alone in front of the bunker. I had to do something.

He did not have even a few seconds to make a decision. Not wanting to let down his comrades, Alexander closed the embrasure of the bunker with his body. The attack was crowned with success. And Matrosov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Military pilot, commander of the 2nd squadron of the 207th long-range bomber aviation regiment, captain.

He worked as a mechanic, then in 1932 he was drafted into the Red Army. He got into an air regiment, where he became a pilot. Nikolai Gastello took part in three wars. A year before the Great Patriotic War, he received the rank of captain.

On June 26, 1941, the crew under the command of Captain Gastello flew out to strike a German mechanized convoy. It was on the road between the Belarusian towns of Molodechno and Radoshkovichi. But the column was well guarded by enemy artillery. A fight ensued. Gastello's plane was hit by an anti-aircraft gun. The shell damaged the fuel tank, and the car caught fire. The pilot could have ejected, but he decided to fulfill his military duty to the end. Nikolai Gastello directed the burning car directly at the enemy column. This was the first fiery ram in the Great Patriotic War.

The name of the brave pilot has become a household name. Until the end of the war, all the aces who decided to go to the ram were called the Ghatellots. If you follow the official statistics, then during the entire war there were almost six hundred rams of the opponent.

Brigadier scout of the 67th detachment of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade.

Lena was 15 years old when the war began. He already worked at the plant, having completed his seven-year period. When the Nazis captured his native Novgorod region, Lenya joined the partisans.

He was brave and determined, the command appreciated him. For several years spent in a partisan detachment, he participated in 27 operations. On his account, several destroyed bridges behind enemy lines, 78 destroyed Germans, 10 trains with ammunition.

It was he who, in the summer of 1942, near the village of Varnitsa, blew up a car in which there was a German Major General of the Engineering Troops Richard von Wirtz. Golikov managed to obtain important documents about the German offensive. The enemy's attack was thwarted, and the young hero was promoted to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for this feat.

In the winter of 1943, a significantly superior enemy detachment unexpectedly attacked the partisans near the village of Ostraya Luka. Lenya Golikov died like a real hero - in battle.

Pioneer. A scout of the Voroshilov partisan detachment in the territory occupied by the Nazis.

Zina was born and went to school in Leningrad. However, the war found her on the territory of Belarus, where she came on vacation.

In 1942, 16-year-old Zina joined the underground organization Young Avengers. She distributed anti-fascist leaflets in the occupied territories. Then, undercover, she got a job in a canteen for German officers, where she committed several sabotage and only miraculously was not captured by the enemy. Many experienced military men were surprised at her courage.

In 1943, Zina Portnova joined the partisans and continued to engage in sabotage behind enemy lines. Due to the efforts of the defectors who surrendered Zina to the Nazis, she was captured. In the dungeons she was interrogated and tortured. But Zina was silent, not betraying her own. During one of these interrogations, she grabbed a pistol from the table and shot three Nazis. After that, she was shot in prison.

An underground anti-fascist organization operating in the area of ​​the modern Luhansk region. It numbered over a hundred people. The youngest participant was 14 years old.

This underground youth organization was formed immediately after the occupation of the Luhansk region. It included both the regular military, who were cut off from the main units, and the local youth. Among the most famous participants: Oleg Koshevoy, Ulyana Gromova, Lyubov Shevtsova, Vasily Levashov, Sergey Tyulenin and many other young people.

The "Young Guard" issued leaflets and committed sabotage against the Nazis. Once they managed to disable an entire tank repair shop, burn down the stock exchange, from where the Nazis drove people to forced labor in Germany. The members of the organization planned to stage an uprising, but were exposed due to the traitors. The Nazis caught, tortured and shot over seventy people. Their feat is immortalized in one of the most famous military books by Alexander Fadeev and the film adaptation of the same name.

28 people from the personnel of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th rifle regiment.

In November 1941, a counteroffensive against Moscow began. The enemy stopped at nothing, making a decisive march before the onset of a harsh winter.

At this time, soldiers under the command of Ivan Panfilov took up a position on a highway seven kilometers from Volokolamsk, a small town near Moscow. There they gave battle to the advancing tank units. The battle lasted four hours. During this time, they destroyed 18 armored vehicles, delaying the enemy's attack and thwarting his plans. All 28 people (or almost all, historians differ here) died.

According to legend, the company's political instructor Vasily Klochkov, before the decisive stage of the battle, addressed the soldiers with a phrase that became known throughout the country: "Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind!"

The fascist counteroffensive ultimately failed. The battle for Moscow, which was assigned the most important role in the course of the war, was lost by the invaders.

As a child, the future hero fell ill with rheumatism, and the doctors doubted that Maresyev would be able to fly. However, he stubbornly applied to the flight school, until he was finally enrolled. Maresyev was drafted into the army in 1937.

He met the Great Patriotic War at the flight school, but soon got to the front. During the sortie, his plane was shot down, and Maresyev himself was able to eject. For eighteen days, seriously wounded in both legs, he got out of the encirclement. However, he still managed to overcome the front line and ended up in the hospital. But gangrene had already begun, and doctors amputated both of his legs.

For many, this would mean the end of the service, but the pilot did not give up and returned to aviation. Until the end of the war, he flew with prostheses. Over the years, he made 86 sorties and shot down 11 enemy aircraft. And 7 - after amputation. In 1944, Alexey Maresyev went to work as an inspector and lived to be 84 years old.

His fate inspired the writer Boris Polevoy to write The Story of a Real Man.

Deputy squadron commander of the 177th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment.

Viktor Talalikhin began fighting already in the Soviet-Finnish war. He shot down 4 enemy planes on a biplane. Then he served in an aviation school.

In August 1941, one of the first Soviet pilots rammed a German bomber in a night air battle. Moreover, the wounded pilot was able to get out of the cockpit and parachute down to the rear of his own.

Then Talalikhin shot down five more German planes. Killed during another air battle near Podolsk in October 1941.

73 years later, in 2014, the search engines found Talalikhin's plane, which remained in the swamps near Moscow.

Artilleryman of the 3rd counter-battery artillery corps of the Leningrad Front.

Soldier Andrei Korzun was drafted into the army at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War. He served on the Leningrad Front, where fierce and bloody battles were fought.

On November 5, 1943, during another battle, his battery came under fierce enemy fire. Korzun was seriously injured. Despite the terrible pain, he saw that the powder charges were set on fire and the ammunition depot could fly into the air. Gathering his last strength, Andrei crawled to the blazing fire. But he could not take off his greatcoat to cover the fire. Losing consciousness, he made one last effort and covered the fire with his body. The explosion was avoided at the cost of the life of the brave artilleryman.

Commander of the 3rd Leningrad Partisan Brigade.

A native of Petrograd, Alexander German, according to some sources, was a native of Germany. He served in the army since 1933. When the war began, he became a scout. He worked behind enemy lines, commanded a partisan detachment, which terrified enemy soldiers. His brigade killed several thousand Nazi soldiers and officers, derailed hundreds of trains and blew up hundreds of vehicles.

The Nazis arranged a real hunt for Herman. In 1943, his partisan detachment was surrounded in the Pskov region. Making his way to his own, the brave commander was killed by an enemy bullet.

Commander of the 30th Separate Guards Tank Brigade of the Leningrad Front

Vladislav Khrustitsky was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army back in the 1920s. In the late 30s he graduated from the armored courses. Since the fall of 1942, he commanded the 61st separate light tank brigade.

He distinguished himself during Operation Iskra, which marked the beginning of the defeat of the Germans on the Leningrad Front.

Killed in a battle near Volosovo. In 1944, the enemy retreated from Leningrad, but from time to time made attempts to counterattack. During one of these counterattacks, Khrustitsky's tank brigade fell into a trap.

Despite heavy fire, the commander ordered to continue the offensive. He turned to the radio to his crews with the words: "Fight to the death!" - and went forward first. Unfortunately, the brave tanker died in this battle. And yet the village of Volosovo was liberated from the enemy.

Commander of a partisan detachment and brigade.

Before the war he worked on the railway. In October 1941, when the Germans were already standing near Moscow, he volunteered for a complex operation in which his railway experience was needed. Was thrown behind enemy lines. There he invented the so-called "coal mines" (in fact, these are just mines disguised as coal). With the help of this simple but effective weapon, hundreds of enemy trains were undermined in three months.

Zaslonov actively agitated the local population to go over to the side of the partisans. The Nazis, having learned this, changed their soldiers into Soviet uniforms. Zaslonov mistook them for defectors and ordered them to be admitted to the partisan detachment. The way was open for the insidious enemy. A battle ensued, during which Zaslonov died. A reward was announced for Zaslonov, alive or dead, but the peasants hid his body, and the Germans did not get it.

Commander of a small partisan detachment.

Efim Osipenko fought back in the Civil War. Therefore, when the enemy seized his land, without thinking twice, he went to the partisans. Together with five more comrades, he organized a small partisan detachment, which committed sabotage against the Nazis.

During one of the operations, it was decided to undermine the enemy composition. But there was not enough ammunition in the detachment. The bomb was made from an ordinary grenade. The explosives had to be installed by Osipenko himself. He crawled to the railway bridge and, seeing the approaching train, threw her in front of the train. There was no explosion. Then the partisan himself hit the grenade with a pole from the railway sign. It worked! A long train with provisions and tanks went downhill. The squad leader survived, but completely lost his sight.

For this feat, he was the first in the country to be awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War."

The peasant Matvey Kuzmin was born three years before the abolition of serfdom. And he died, becoming the oldest holder of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Its history contains many references to the history of another famous peasant - Ivan Susanin. Matvey also had to lead the invaders through the forest and swamps. And, like the legendary hero, he decided to stop the enemy at the cost of his life. He sent his grandson ahead to warn a detachment of partisans that had stopped nearby. The Nazis were ambushed. A fight ensued. Matvey Kuzmin was killed by a German officer. But he did his job. He was 84 years old.

A partisan who was part of the sabotage and reconnaissance group of the headquarters of the Western Front.

While studying at school, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya wanted to enter a literary institute. But these plans were not destined to come true - the war prevented. In October 1941, Zoya, as a volunteer, came to the recruiting station and after a short training at a school for saboteurs was transferred to Volokolamsk. There, an 18-year-old fighter of a partisan unit, along with adult men, performed dangerous tasks: she mined roads and destroyed communication centers.

During one of the sabotage operations, Kosmodemyanskaya was captured by the Germans. She was tortured, forcing her to betray her. Zoya heroically endured all the trials without saying a word to her enemies. Seeing that it was impossible to get anything from the young partisan, they decided to hang her.

Kosmodemyanskaya steadfastly accepted the test. An instant before her death, she shouted to the assembled local residents: “Comrades, victory will be ours. German soldiers, before it's too late, surrender! " The courage of the girl shocked the peasants so much that they later retold this story to front-line correspondents. And after the publication in the newspaper Pravda, the whole country learned about the feat of Kosmodemyanskaya. She became the first woman to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War.