The level of air pollution by industrial enterprises reached the scale, seriously threatening the health of people. The main perpetrators are the industry, transport, household boiler houses. Industrial enterprises contribute the greatest contribution to pollution.

Industrial Sources of Pollution of the Atmosphere

The level of harmful impurities in the air is growing proportional to the size settlement - from insignificant over the villages, to heavy smog large cities. This is due to the accumulation in the cities of vehicles and industrial enterprises.

The main source of air pollution is the following industrial production:

• thermal power plants;
• enterprises of the nuclear industry;
• metallurgical plants;
• processing plants;
• chemical plants.

Waste emissions with such enterprises are made on a regular basis. They constantly use liquid and solid fuel for their needs, which poisonous substances are separated during combustion.

The use of high ash content with heat-power plants leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and sulfur gas. The toxic waste of the nuclear industry is produced in the processing of nuclear fuel, using it in reactors. Diverse chemical composition of waste of metallurgical plants - over a dozen different metals is detected in them.

Types of harmful impurities

Industrial waste form mixtures with oxygen (during the emission of steam and gas) or aerosols (during the emission of solid and liquid particles). Aerosols are several species:

• smoke - is formed with the participation of small solid particles;
• dust - obtained from large solid particles;
• fog - formed by liquid particles.

The most dangerous form of emissions is radioactive dust leading to a significant deterioration in the state of the atmosphere. Over 150 million tons of dust per year stands out in the production of cement, cast iron and combustion of stone coal.

The cities are fixed in the highest air pollution. Chemical composition impurities differ, depends on the types of working factories. In airspace over the city, the following substances are constantly present:

• sulfur, cut and carbon dioxide;
• nitrogen oxides;
• fluorine and chlorine compounds;
• heavy metals.

Sulfur gas is obtained by burning sulfur-containing fuel, processing sulfur ore and takes part in the formation of acid rain. Curly and carbon dioxide creates a greenhouse effect. Nitrogen oxides are formed under all types of combustion, production of nitrogen fertilizers. Fluorine and chlorine compounds come from fertilizer, chemical reagents, pesticides. Possess high toxicity.

The study of the interaction of industrial waste and the atmosphere showed that toxic substances react with oxygen and among themselves. Ozone gas, which relates to the most poisonous impurities, is formed with the participation of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. As a result, such phenomena occur as acid rains, ozone holes, greenhouse effects, increment growth.

Effect of transport on airspace

The main source of emission into the atmosphere of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is vehicles. The causes of this are:

• unsatisfactory technical condition of cars;
• the use of low quality gasoline with metals;
• lack of demand for cars that meet environmental requirements due to their high cost.

The combustion of gasoline in the fuel tank of the car leads to the flow of hydrocarbons - unburned fuels in the air. Part of them turn into a soot and resin.

Less affects the air railway transport. Harmful waste is formed when fuel and seafood is worked out. Replacing them on electric locomotives leads to a decrease in damage.

The development of technologies and transport will reduce the impact on the atmosphere. Today are developed and implemented:

• electric vehicles - exclude fuel combustion, toxic substances;
• hydrogen fuel - makes the engines work silently, dramatically reduces harmful emissions;
• sealed capsules moving through the tunnel on the monorail.

The effect of toxic waste per person

When exposed to harmful substances, a person develops specific diseases. Inhalation of sulfur gas leads to a pulmonary edema, circulatory disorders. Carbon monoxide molecules react with human hemoglobin, limit the flow of oxygen into the blood. In addition, allergies are developing, cancerous diseases, immunity decreased.

Methods for reducing the number of impurities

There are norms that limit the emission of harmful substances, however this process It is impossible to control full. To reduce the harmful effects, remote placement of industrial industries from cities and villages, the creation of sanitary protection zones near enterprises. The strength and direction of winds during the construction of the combine are taken into account.

Plants are cleaned with waste from toxic components using the following types of dust collectors:

• dry type - to hold solid particles (dust);
• wet type - to hold vapors.

Other methods are used to neutralize the impurities of toxic gases. An example can serve as absorption - absorption of them with water, and adsorption - absorption of gas molecules by adsorbents (for example, coal).

The rationing of emissions of pollutants into atmospheric air is necessary to comply with the standards of its quality. The main terms and definitions regarding the indicators of the contamination of the atmosphere, the observation programs, the behavior of impurities in the atmospheric air defined GOST 17.2.1.03-84 "Nature Protection. Atmosphere. Terms and definitions of pollution control. " Under the quality of atmospheric air, it means the degree of compliance of atmospheric conditions for the needs of people or other living organisms.

Until a certain level of anthropogenic effects, acceptable contamination of the atmosphere is provided by nature itself using self-cleaning processes. Pollutants are derived from it under the action of gravitational forces (only aerosols), are washed out by atmospheric precipitates, destroyed in the process of photochemical reactions. However, an increasing man-made impact on the air pool, especially in recent decades, has set the need to regulate its quality, for which the standards are needed:

• a) Pollution of atmospheric air various substances;
• b) maximum permissible impacts on the atmosphere.

As mentioned above, ensuring the quality of atmospheric air involves the establishment of standards for the maximum permissible impact of a person to the atmosphere.

Under the influence of any anthropogenic activity related to the implementation of the economic, recreational, cultural interests of a person, which introduces to the atmosphere of changes in physical, chemical or biological nature. The most common type of negative impact on the atmosphere is the emission of chemical or biological pollutants (for example, producing microorganisms) into it.

The ultimate goal of establishing these standards is to ensure a scientifically informed combination of the environmental, social and economic interests of society. It is necessary to clearly understand that compliance with environmental requirements always requires certain financial expenses, which, of course, worsen the economic indicators of any enterprise. Thus, compliance with extremely permissible standards is a kind of compromise between environmental and purely economic requirements, a compromise forced, allowing mutually interested capital, on the one hand, to develop the productive forces of society, on the other - to minimize the negative impact of the technosphere on people's health and well-being of others The inhabitants of our cute planet.

The norms are based on three indicators:

• medical - threshold threatening human health, its genetic program;
• technical - economy's ability to ensure the implementation of the established limits of the impact on the person and its habitat;
• scientific and technical - ability technical means Control compliance with the established standards for all of their parameters.

All atmospheric air quality standards are divided into three groups: a) sanitary-hygienic; b) environmental; c) auxiliary.

Sanitary and hygienic standards define the quality of atmospheric air quality for human health, this is the most developed part of the standards.

The second group establishes requirements for atmospheric air quality relative to the state of environmental systems (for example, forest communities or ichthyofauna). There are currently a bit of such standards.

Auxiliary standards are justified to ensure unity in consumable terminology, in operations organizational structures and legal regulation of environmental relations.

State authorities arguing standards are the Ministry natural resources and the ecology of Russia and the Federal Service for the Protection of Consumer Rights and the Welfare of Human (Rospotrebnadzor, former GosanaPidnadzor of the Russian Federation).

The main quality of air quality is maximum permissible concentration (MPC) - the maximum concentration of impurity in the atmosphere, attributed to a certain period of averaging, which, with a periodic impact or throughout the human life, does not have harmful effects on it, including long-term consequences, and on the environment as a whole.

The magnitudes of the PDC of pollutants in the air are given in the dimension mg of the substance per 1 m 3 air (mg / m 3). The MPC values \u200b\u200bare approved by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of Russia. Depending on the period of auxiliary, the MDC of atmospheric air of settlements is divided into two groups:

• a) the maximum-time MP MRK (20-30 min averaging);
• b) the average daily PDCs of the SS (24 hours averaged).

Maximum permissible concentration as much as possible (MP MRK) is the concentration of harmful substance in the air of populated places, which is not causing inhalation for 20 min reflex (including subsensory) reactions in the human body.

The concept of PDK M P is used when establishing scientific and technical standards - maximum permissible emissions of pollutants (PDV). Compliance with the company PDV standard means that the rescue of the dissemination of its emissions in the atmosphere in the surface layer at the border of the sanitary protection zone The concentration of harmful substances contained in emissions at any time will not exceed the PDC of the p.

Maximum permissible concentration average (PDC CX.) Is the concentration of harmful substance in the air of populated places, which should not have a direct or indirect impact on a person with an unlimited duty (years) inhalation. Thus, the PDCs of the SS is designed for all groups of the population and indefinitely long exposure period and, therefore, is the most rigid sanitary and hygienic standard that establishes the concentration of harmful substance in the inhaled air.

It is the magnitude of the PDC SS usually acts as a criterion for assessing the well-being of the air environment in the residential area. However, it should be noted that, unfortunately, in recent years, the magnitude of the PDC SS has become peculiar units of measurement. In state reports, air pollution is described by the type of type: 5 PDCs of the SS, but nitrogen oxides, 3 PDCs SS according to Formaldehyde, 2 PDCs SS in soot. This approach not only does not contribute to an adequate interpretation of information, but also minimizes its value. On the one hand, the illusion is created that the PDC of the SS (or any other extremely permissible concentration) is simply some special unit, and not an established standard of harmful substance; On the other hand, the impression arises that it is not possible to describe otherwise, to evaluate, explain the features of environmental pollution is impossible.

In tab. 3.1 are presented to compare the MPC of some substances in atmospheric air (instantly one-time and average daily) and MPK of air of the working area.

Table 3.1

Ratio different species PDC in the air for some substances

It is noticeable that for the same substance, the magnitude of the PDC RZ (MPC of the working area) is much larger than MP MP. This is explained by the fact that in the enterprise, people spend only part of the day and, moreover, there can be children and elderly with weakened health.

The values \u200b\u200bof the PDC RZ and MPC MRC (MPC AB) are given in special documents - hygienic standards (GG) approved by the head of the Russian state sanitary physician, currently operates GG 2.1.6.1338-03 "Maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of pollutants in atmospheric air populated areas. As already mentioned, for some polluting (harmful) substances, instead of MPC approved temporary hygienic regulations - the shoes having the same dimension, mg / m 3. The shoe is set for a period of three years, after which it should be revised or replaced by the MPC value. Just like the MPC, the program is approved by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation, GG 2.1.6.1339-03 "The estimated safe levels of exposure (lap) of pollutants in the atmospheric air inhabited." MPC and shoes are hygienic regulations of air pollution.

By the degree of toxic impact on the human body, harmful substances are divided into four classes:

• 1 - extremely dangerous (mercury, lead, etc.);
• 2 - highly hazard ( sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc.);
• 3 - moderately dangerous (xylene, tobacco dust, etc.);
• 4 - low hazard (acetone, kerosene, etc.).

Harmful substances for which, instead of G1, a shoe is installed, the hazard class is not assigned.

The process of justification of the MPC value for any harmful substance is extremely long, time consuming and expensive. For this:

• a) numerous experimental experimental experimental animals are held in order to establish thresholds of acute and chronic toxic;
• b) the smell sensation is studied;
• c) the irritant effect on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and eye is examined;
• d) a comparative study of the incidence of population in areas with clean and polluted air is carried out;
• e) an assessment of the indirect effects of contaminants per person by reducing the transparency of air, reducing the illumination of housing, absorbing the most valuable - ultraviolet part of the solar spectrum.

If the pollutant is significantly in the smell in such concentrations, which are much less than its toxic action (for example, mercaptane), then the smell sensation threshold is adopted as the main criterion (impact threshold).

The process of substantiating such responsible regulations, as a PDC standard, is associated with great uncertainty. The reasons for this lies:

• a) in large intravidal differences among the human population;
• b) the need to transfer the results of experimental animals, per person (interspecific differences). It is not surprising that the NDC standards developed in different countriesFor some pollutants, they differ significantly (Table 3.2).

Table 3.2.

Values \u200b\u200bof average daily MPC, mg / m 3, pollutants in the air in individual countries

As follows from Table. 3.2, Domestic NDC standards are among the most toughest in the world.

Currently, in Russia, PDC AV approved more than 1500 pollutants, and this list continues to increase. When normalizing air pollution, it should be borne in mind that some harmful substances entering atmospheric air are converted into other substances, often more toxic. For example, nitrogen oxide is oxidized to dioxide. When comparing the expected calculated surface concentrations with PDC, the corresponding recalculation should be made.

When normalizing the contamination of atmospheric air, it is necessary to take into account another circumstance: a number of substances with a simultaneous presence in the air has a synergistic effect (the amount of harmful effects). In this case, the condition must be fulfilled

A comprehensive list of substances with the effect of the amount of action is given in GN 2.1.6.1338-03, there are 52 such groups of the summary.

Environmental standards can be illustrated by the example of the MPC standards in the air for the vegetation of MPC, "the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in atmospheric air in the forest plantation zone. Today, the NDC standards for the forest are fully designed only for specially protected areas (for example, for the territory where the Museum-Manor is a clear Polyana) or for the areas of the Emergency Environmental Situation (for example, for forests in the vicinity of Bratsk). It is hoped that the work in this direction will continue.

As a result of the conducted studies, it was established that the forests contained in the air, the forest responds more sensitive than a person (maximum permissible concentrations for them smaller than for a person). To compare the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in atmospheric air for humans and forest vegetation, Table is given. 3.3.

PDC and B and MPC, pollutants in the air

Table 33.

For comparative assessment of air pollution, various indices are used that allow the presence of several pollutants to take into account the presence of several pollutants. The most common is the complex index of the pollution of the atmosphere (INZA). It is calculated by the formula

where q CPI - average concentration / -go substance; PDC SS G - PDC SS for / -go substance; a - indicator of the degree to bring the degree of harmfulness / -go substance to the harmfulness of sulfur dioxide, depending on the hazard class of the pollutant (Table 3.4); p - The number of pollutants in the air.

Table for

Constants of harmfulness for substances different classes Danger

Accounting for the hazard class allows differently approach to the substantiation of the necessary prophylactic measures (for example, to safety measures when working with various substances), and also pre-evaluate the comparative danger of the impact of certain substances on the human body (Table 3.5).

Table 3.5

The hazard classes of chemical compounds depending

from the characteristics of their toxicity

To compare the data on the contamination of the atmosphere of different cities or areas of the city, several substances complex indexes of the atmosphere should be calculated for the same number. L. impurities. When drawing up an annual list of cities with the highest level of pollution of the atmosphere to calculate the complex Inza, the values \u200b\u200bof single indices of those five substances that these values \u200b\u200bare the largest. In most regions of Russia, it includes suspended substances, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, benzapine, formaldehyde, phenol. Weighted substances that can not only be toxic compounds, but also to adsorb other toxic substances, including xenobiotics, dust of biogenic origin, pathogenic microorganisms, in their surface, contributes a special contribution to the atmosphere.

The maximum permissible release (G1DV) is the standard of permissible emissions of a harmful (pollutant) substance into atmospheric air, which is established for a stationary source of air pollution, taking into account the technical standards of emissions and background contamination of atmospheric air, provided that the source of hygiene and environmental standards for atmospheric air quality is not disturbed, maximum permissible (critical) loads on environmental systems, other environmental standards. PDV is installed for each source with such a calculation so that the emissions of pollutants from this source in a set with all sources of the enterprise as a result of the dispersion of emissions in the atmosphere, in the surface layer of air concentrations in excess of MPC for the population, animal and vegetable world. In other words, the observance of the NDV on the Mr. pollutant means execution at points on the border of the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise, inequality

where CJ - Overground concentration i.-to pollutant (its content in the atmosphere layer 0-2 m), mg / m 3, created as a result of dispersion of emissions of this IZA; SD- - background concentration / moor of pollutant in atmospheric air. The background with respect to this IZA is called the contamination of atmospheric air, created by all other iz, excluding this; MP MP / - the maximum-time PDC / -go pollutant in atmospheric air.

On the territory of the resorts and homes of rest, other recreational areas in the right-hand side (3.3) should be replaced with 1 to 0.8. In the presence of pollutants with the amount of harmful effects in the atmosphere, it is necessary to take into account this effect by equation (3.1).

In terms of emissions into the atmosphere of pollutants, mass PDV is distinguished, measured in g / s, and gross PDV, T / year, respectively.

The development and approval of the PDV value for each IZ and the enterprise is generally carried out in accordance with GOST 17.2.3.02-78 "Nature Protection. Atmosphere. Rules for establishing permissible emissions of harmful substances by industrial enterprises. "

The standard of maximum permissible emission is set for each atmosphere pollution source. In the process of substantiation of the value of PDV, the condition of the full load of technological and gas-cleaning equipment and their normal operation is taken.

The difficulty of working on the rationale of PDV is rapidly growing as the number of sources and the diversity of their parameters (compositions of emissions, height and diameter of pipes, gases, etc.). Even for small businesses, this can be done only with the help of special computer programs.

If the value of the PDV value for the current enterprise for an objective reasons for an objective nature cannot be reached immediately, the phased decrease in emissions is introduced. At each stage, the company for a certain period of time is set by the NVT standard (temporarily consistent emission). It is assumed that during the operation of the NVT, the company will perform atmospheric measures and reduce the amount of emissions into the atmosphere to PDV.

• Federal Law of May 4, 1999 No. 96-FZ "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air".

Government of the Russian Federation

Decision

On the standards of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air and harmful physical impacts on it

Document with changes made by:
decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 14, 2007 N 229 (Meeting of Legislation Russian Federation, N 17, 04/23/2007);
decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 22, 2009 N 351 (Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, N 18, 04.05.2009, (C.II));
(Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, N 9, 28.02.2011);
(Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, N 37, 09/10/2012);
(Official Internet portal of legal information www.pravo.gov.ru, 06/10/2013);
(Official Internet portal of legal information www.pravo.gov.ru, 07/19/2017, N 0001201707190045).
____________________________________________________________________

In order to implement articles 12 and 14 of the Federal Law "On Protection of Atmospheric Air" Government of the Russian Federation

decides:

1. To approve the attached provision on the standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air and harmful physical impacts on it.

2. To determine that the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation (paragraph as amended; as amended:

develops and approves methods (techniques) of determining the standards of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into atmospheric air and temporarily agreed emissions; * 2.1.2)
(Paragraph was complemented by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 15, 2011 N 78; as amended, entered into force on July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 14, 2017 N 841.

approves the maximum permissible standards of harmful physical impacts on the atmospheric air, with the exception of the maximum permissible standards of harmful physical impacts that have a negative impact on people's health, methods for determining these standards and types of sources for which they are established;

the paragraph has lost its strength from July 27, 2017 -.

3. The item has lost strength from July 27, 2017 - the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841 ..

Chairman of the government
Russian Federation
V.Putin

Regulations on the standards of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air and harmful physical impacts on it

Approved
decree of Government
Russian Federation
march 2, 2000 N 183

1. This provision determines the procedure for the development and approval of standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air, harmful physical influences on the atmospheric air and temporarily agreed emissions, as well as issuing permits for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 14, 2017 N 841.

2. In accordance with the federal law "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air" in order to state regulation The emissions of harmful (polluting) substances in the atmospheric air are set by the following emission standards:

technical standard of emissions of a harmful (pollutant) substance into atmospheric air (hereinafter referred to as the electronic emission standard);

the maximum allowable emission of a harmful (pollutant) substance into atmospheric air (hereinafter referred to as the maximum allowable emission).

3. Technical emission standards for separate species Inpatient sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air, as well as for transport or other mobile means and installations of all types that are sources of air pollution, are established by technical regulations (clause as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 14, 2007 N 229.

4. The item has lost strength from July 27, 2017 - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841 ..

5. When developing emission standards for harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances), methods for determining the maximum permissible emissions of harmful (polluting) substances in the atmospheric air, approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, are used to the atmospheric air.

The development of emission standards for harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into atmospheric air is carried out in accordance with the methods of determining the standards of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air established by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation.

The standards of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air are determined against harmful (polluting) substances included in the pollutant list for which state regulation measures are applied in the field of environmental protection, approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 8, 2015 N 1316-p.

When developing standards for maximum permissible emissions of radioactive substances into atmospheric air, methods (techniques) approved by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision are applied.
(The point in the editorial office entered into force from July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 14, 2017 N 841.

6. Maximum permissible emissions for a particular stationary source of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air and a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur as a whole or its individual production areas, taking into account all sources of emissions of harmful (pollutants) substances into the atmospheric air of the specified legal entity, an individual entrepreneur or their individual production areas, background contamination of atmospheric air and technical standards of emissions are established by the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision in the System of Environmental Management (with the exception of radioactive substances) and the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (with respect to emissions of radioactive substances) in the availability of sanitary -Epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of these maximum permissible emissions by sanitary rules
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 14, 2017 N 841.

The compliance of the maximum permissible emissions by the sanitary rules is determined on the basis of compliance with the hygienic standards for the quality of atmospheric air.
(Paragraph is additionally included since July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)
(Clause as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 14, 2007 N 229; as editors

7. In case of the impossibility of compliance with the legal entity, an individual entrepreneur who has sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into atmospheric air, extremely allowable emissions, the territorial bodies of the Federal Officer Supervision Service may establish for the specified sources in coordination with The territorial bodies of other federal executive bodies temporarily agreed emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air (hereinafter - temporarily agreed emissions).

To establish temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances) by a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur is being developed and approved a plan for reducing emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air for a period of phased achievement of extremely permissible emissions (hereinafter referred to as the plan), as well as suggestions for possible timing The phased achievement of extremely permissible emissions (hereinafter referred to as proposals for the deadlines to achieve standards, the timing of the achievement of standards).

Proposals for the deadlines to achieve standards for other objects that have a negative impact on the environment cannot exceed 7 years.

Plan and suggestions for the timing of standards are sent by a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur in the appropriate territorial body of the Federal Service for Supervision of Environmental Management, which presents proposals to achieve standards in the relevant state authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation for approval with the application application.

The state authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in a period not exceeding 15 working days from the date of obtaining proposals for the timing of the achievement of standards, sends to the appropriate territorial body of the Federal Service for Supervision of Naturaling the approved deadlines for the achievement of standards or a motivated refusal to approve them.

The presentation of these documents and information can be carried out, including in electronic form using a unified system of interdepartmental electronic interaction in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 8, 2010 N 697 "On a unified interdepartmental electronic interaction system."
(The point in the editorial office entered into force from July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 14, 2017 N 841.

7_1. The grounds for the failure of the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in approval of the timing of the achievement of standards is the provision of incomplete, unreliable or distorted information, as well as:

a) non-compliance with the deadlines to achieve the standards specified in the plan approved for the previous year;

b) re-inclusion in the action plan not performed during the implementation of the plan approved for the previous year;

c) inclusion in the plan of events that do not achieve maximum permissible emissions.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

7_2. Temporarily agreed emissions for the period of phased achievement maximum permissible emissions are established by the territorial body of the Federal Service for Environmental Supervision in a period not exceeding 30 working days from the date of obtaining approved by the state authority of the relevant subject of the Russian Federation to achieve regulations.
(Item is additionally included since July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

8. The development of extremely admissible and temporarily agreed emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) is provided by a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur who has inpatient sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air, based on project documentation (in relation to under construction, introduced The operation of new and (or) reconstructed objects of economic and other activities) and data inventory data of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air (with respect to existing business and other activities).
(Paragraph in the editorial office entered into force from July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 14, 2017 N 841.

Development of extremely permissible emissions of radioactive substances is provided by a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur with stationary sources of radioactive emissions into atmospheric air based on project documentation (in relation to the commissioned new and (or) reconstructed objects of economic and other activities) and data inventory data of radioactive substances into atmospheric air (in relation to existing objects of economic and other activities).
(Paragraph in the editorial office entered into force from July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 14, 2017 N 841.
(Clause as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 15, 2011 N 78.

9. Standards of extremely permissible emissions and temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances) are established by the territorial bodies of the Federal Environmental Supervision Service for a specific stationary source of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and their aggregate (organization as a whole).

The standards of extremely permissible emissions of radioactive substances are established by the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision for a specific stationary source and their aggregate (organization as a whole).
(The point in the editorial office entered into force from July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 14, 2017 N 841.

9_1. To establish standards for extremely allowable emissions and temporarily agreed emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances), legal entities, individual entrepreneurs who have stationary sources are submitted to the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Management at the place of implementation of their economic and other activities. Application for establishing standards for maximum allowable emissions containing the following information:

a) full and abbreviated name in accordance with the constituent documents, organizational and legal form, place of state registration, location, telephone, email address (if available), main state registration number, individual taxpayer number - for a legal entity, as well as surname , name, patronymic (if available), place of residence, phone, email address (if any), details of the main document certifying the personality, the main state registration number of the individual entrepreneur, the individual number of the taxpayer - for an individual entrepreneur;

b) the location of individual industrial areas;

c) information on the background contamination of atmospheric air, on the basis of which the concentrations of harmful (polluting) substances in atmospheric air were calculated;

d) the presence of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of the maximum permissible emissions by the sanitary rules.
(Item is additionally included since July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_2. The following materials are attached to the application:

a) data of inventory of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air - in relation to existing objects of economic and other activities or data of project documentation - in relation to those under construction, commissioned new and (or) reconstructed objects of economic and other activities;

b) the project of extremely permissible emissions.
(Item is additionally included since July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_3. To establish temporarily agreed emissions, legal entities, individual entrepreneurs besides the information specified in paragraph 9_2 of this Regulation, also represent the draft plan.
(Item is additionally included since July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_4. To establish standards for extremely permissible emissions and temporarily agreed emissions, these legal entities, individual entrepreneurs can send a statement and documents in the form of an electronic document signed by a strengthened qualified electronic signature using the Federal State Information System "Unified Portal of State and Municipal Services (Functions).
(Item is additionally included since July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_5. The territorial bodies of the Federal Environmental Supervision Service are considering submitted by legal entities, individual entrepreneurs, materials and draft plan to establish standards for maximum allowable emissions or temporarily agreed emissions and decide on the establishment of standards for maximum permissible emissions and temporarily agreed emissions or a decision to refuse Their establishment (with a motivated justification).
(Item is additionally included since July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_6. The grounds for refusing to establish standards for extremely allowable emissions are the provision of incomplete, unreliable or distorted information, as well as:

a) the presence of confirmed by the results of state supervision in the field of the protection of atmospheric air information on the inaccuracy of the submitted data inventory of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air (about the quantitative and qualitative composition of emissions, as well as the characteristics of emission sources);

b) the discrepancy between the data used in the development of the draft standards for extremely permissible emissions, project documentation data (in relation to the commissioned new and (or) renovated objects of economic and other activities) or data inventory of emissions of harmful (pollutants) substances into atmospheric air ( with respect to existing objects of economic and other activities), including the indication of an incomplete list of ejected harmful (polluting) substances;

c) the availability of arithmetic errors in the developed draft standards of maximum permissible emissions (taking into account the measurement error);

d) Availability in the developed draft standards of extremely permissible emissions of substances, the volume or mass of emissions of which exceed the maximum allowable emissions.
(Item is additionally included since July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_7. The grounds for refusing to establish temporarily agreed emissions are:

a) provision to establish temporarily agreed emissions of incomplete, unreliable or distorted information;

b) a motivated refusal to state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in approval of the timing of the achievement of standards;

c) indicating as final indicators of the plan of volumes or mass emissions of harmful (polluting) substances exceeding maximum permissible emissions.
(Item is additionally included since July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_8. The establishment of standards of extremely permissible emissions and temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances) is issued by the solution of the territorial body of the Federal Environmental Supervision Service in the form approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation.
(Item is additionally included since July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_9. Standards of maximum permissible emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) are set for 7 years.

Temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances) are established on the timing of the achievement of standards approved by the authority of the subject of the subject of the Russian Federation.

The establishment of standards of extremely permissible emissions and temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances) is issued by the solution of the territorial body of the Federal Environmental Supervision Service in the form approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation.
(Item is additionally included since July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_10. The territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Environmental Management within 5 working days after the establishment of standards of extremely permissible emissions and temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances) send a copy of the decision to establish them to the appropriate authority of the subject of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, and also inform the territorial authority Federal Service for Supervision in the Protection of Consumer Rights and Welfare of Human on the establishment of temporarily agreed emissions and timing of standards.

The territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision inform the state authority of the subject of the Russian Federation on the standards of maximum permissible emissions of radioactive substances into atmospheric air established for stationary sources located at objects of economic and other activities.

Emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) in atmospheric air with stationary sources located at objects of economic and other activities subject to federal state environmental supervision are allowed on the basis of permission issued by the territorial bodies of the Federal Environmental Supervision Service.

The permit for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into atmospheric air with stationary sources located at objects of economic and other activities to be federal state environmental oversight is issued simultaneously with the establishment of standards of maximum permissible emissions and temporarily agreed emissions.

Permission to emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into the atmospheric air is issued for a period corresponding to the deadline to which the standards of maximum permissible emissions are established.

Permission for temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances) is issued for 1 year, subject to the execution by the legal entity, an individual entrepreneur of the plan and achieve the planned indicators of a phased decrease in emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air.

Emissions of radioactive substances into atmospheric air in stationary sources located at objects of economic and other activities are allowed on the basis of permission issued by the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision.

Emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) in atmospheric air in stationary sources located at objects of economic and other activities subject to regional state environmental oversight, are allowed on the basis of permission issued by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation carrying out public administration in the field of Environmental protection.
(Item is additionally included since July 27, 2017 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

10. The form of permission for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into atmospheric air is approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation (paragraph as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 14, 2007 N 229; as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 22, 2009 N 351; complemented by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 15, 2011 N 78.

The procedure for issuing and form of permits for emissions of radioactive substances into atmospheric air is approved by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (paragraph is additionally included by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 15, 2011 N 78).

11. Sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air and lists of harmful (polluting) substances subject to state accounting and rationing, for legal entities, the territories of urban and other settlements and their parts, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation are generally established on the basis of data on the results of inventory of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and their sources in the manner determined by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation (paragraph as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 14, 2007 N 229; as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation from April 22, 2009 N 351.

12. Standards of harmful physical influences on the atmospheric air are established by permits issued by the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources and the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and the well-being of a person approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology and the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology Protection of consumer rights and human well-being shape.
(Clause as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 14, 2007 N 229; as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 22, 2009, N 351; as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 15, 2011, N 78; in the editorial office From September 18, 2012, by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 4, 2012, N 882; as amended, entered into force from June 18, 2013 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2013 N 476.

13. For issuing permits for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air and harmful physical impacts on the atmospheric air, fees may be charged in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Editorial Document Taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Codex"

On the standards of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air and harmful physical impacts on it (as amended on July 14, 2017)

Normation in the field of environmental protection is carried out in order to state the impact of economic and other activities on the environment, guarantees the preservation of a favorable environment and ensuring environmental safety.

According to paragraph 2 of Art. 19 of the Federal Law of January 10, 2002 No. 7-FZ "On Environmental Protection" (as amended by 25.06.2012) Regulation in the field of environmental protection is to establish environmental quality standards, standards for the permissible environmental impact in the exercise of economic and other activities, other standards in the field of environmental protection, as well as regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection.

One of the types of standards for the permissible impact established for nature users are standards of maximum allowable emissions (PDV).

In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 14 of the Federal Law of 04.05.1999 No. 96-FZ "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air" (as amended by 06/25/2012; Further - Federal Law No. 96-FZ) emissions of harmful (pollutants) substances into atmospheric air (hereinafter referred to) stationary The source is allowed on the basis of permission issued by the territorial body of the federal executive authority in the field of environmental protection, the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, carrying out public administration in the field of environmental protection, in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

It should be noted that the approval of PDV standards and issuing emission permits are two different administrative procedures that require temporary costs.

According to paragraph 10 of the administrative regulations of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Management on the provision of a state service for issuing permits for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air (with the exception of radioactive substances) approved by the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia of July 25, 2011 No. 650 (hereinafter - Administrative regulations) in order to obtain permission to emissions in the territorial authority of the Rosprirodnadzor, it is necessary to apply to the application, including those approved in the prescribed manner and the current standards of PDV and temporarily agreed emissions (BPC) for each specific stationary source of emissions and a business entity as a whole ( Including its individual manufacturing territories) or in individual production areas.

Thus, it can be concluded that if an enterprise has stationary (organized and unorganized) emission sources, it is obliged to get an emission permit. And to get this permission, the company can only on the basis of the approved PDV standards.

The duties of legal entities with stationary emission sources are listed in Art. 30 Federal Law No. 96-FZ. One of these duties is to ensure the inventory of emissions and the development of PDV.

PDV is established by the territorial bodies of the federal executive authority in the field of environmental protection for a particular stationary source of emissions and their aggregate (organization as a whole).

According to paragraph 4 of Art. 12 of the Federal Law No. 96-FZ in case of the impossibility of compliance with legal entities, individual entrepreneurs who have sources of emissions, the territorial bodies of the federal executive body in the field of environmental protection can be established for such sources of VV in coordination with the territorial bodies of other federal executive bodies.

Our dictionary. Maximum allowable emission(PDV) - the standard of extremely permissible emission, which is established for a stationary source of air pollution, taking into account the technical standards of emissions and background contamination of atmospheric air, provided that the source of hygienic and environmental standards for the quality of atmospheric air, the maximum permissible (critical) loads on environmental systems, other environmental standards.

Temporary consistent release(VVB) - a temporary emission limit that is established for existing stationary emission sources, taking into account the quality of atmospheric air and the socio-economic conditions for the development of the relevant territory in order to phase out the established maximum permissible emission.

Therefore, in order to find out if the enterprise is obliged to perform the duties established by Art. 30 of Federal Law No. 96-FZ, it is necessary to determine whether the enterprises have emission sources that are stationary objects negative impact.

Paragraphs 3, 4 of the procedure for referring to the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of the State Accounting of Objects that have a negative impact on the environment (annex to the order of Rostechnadzor of 24.11.2005 No. 867) given the following definitions of inpatient and mobile objects of negative impact:

• stationary object of negative impact- the object from which the emission (reset) is carried out into the environment of pollutants, firmly associated with the Earth, i.e. The object, the movement of which is impossible without disproportionate damage to its purpose, the object of placing waste production and consumption, as well as an explosion;
• mobile objects of negative impact - Vehicles, air, sea vessels, internal swimming vessels equipped with engines working on gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, liquefied (compressed) oil or natural gas.

To date, the state accounting of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs who have sources of emissions, and the amount and composition of emissions (hereinafter referred to The air, as well as the amount and composition of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated October 26, 2011 No. 863 (hereinafter referred to as the accounting procedure). It should be noted that in the order of accounting there are no definitions of mobile and stationary sources of emissions.

At the same time in sub. B "Clause 7 Account Procedure lists information (data) on emission sources that must be specified when setting on state accounting. Thus, when viewing information about a mobile emission source must be specified:

• type of mobile emission source (aviation transport, water transport, railway transport, road transport);
• registration number of the mobile source;
• ecological class of vehicle;
• the view and consumption of fuel (by type) by a mobile source (aviation transport, water transport, railway transport, road transport).

Thus, the main criterion for determining the mobile object to date is the work on a certain form of fuel, and the calculation of the fees for emissions of mobile objects is made by volume of the fuel used. Mobile sources of emissions include various vehicles. Mobile installations used in the enterprise are mainly referred to in stationary emission sources.

After determining the availability of exploited stationary emission sources on the territory of the enterprise, it is necessary to find out whether these sources are subject to state accounting and rationing.

Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated December 31, 2010 No. 579 approved the procedure for establishing sources of emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances into atmospheric air, subject to state accounting and rationing (hereinafter - order) and a list of harmful (pollutants) substances subject to state accounting and rationing (hereinafter - the list ).

TO sources of emissions subject to state accounting and rationingThese are sources of emissions, of which harmful (pollutants) substances payable and rationing are emitted into atmospheric air. In turn, harmful (pollutants) substances listed in the list, as well as not included in the list of harmful (pollutants) substances, corresponding to one of the criteria are subject to state accounting and rationing.

• an emission hazard indicator established in accordance with Appendix 1 to order is greater than or equal to 0.1;
• the surface concentrations of emissions exceed 5% of the hygienic (environmental) standards of the quality of atmospheric air.

So, if in emissions from stationary sources of the enterprise there are substances indicated in the list or corresponding to one of the above criteria, i.e. Public accounting and normalization, then in this case the development of the PDV project is necessary, the approval of PDV standards (HB) and receiving emission permits.

Within the framework of this article, the issue of developing the project PDV will not be considered. No less interesting is the question of the actions of the enterprise after the development of this project.

After the PDA project is designed, it must be coordinated, to establish the standards of PDV (VV), to obtain permission for emissions. The company must have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat time frames may be harmonized and on the basis of which the enterprise may refuse.

To date, regulatory legal acts the procedure for establishing PDV standards is not regulated.. Thus, the deadline for approval and grounds for refusal to approve the PDV project is also not established.

In accordance with paragraph 6 of the provisions on the standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air and harmful physical impacts on it approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.03.2000 No. 183 (as amended by 04.09.2012), maximum allowable emissions for a specific Stationary source of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air and a legal entity as a whole or its individual production areas, taking into account all sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air of this legal entity or its individual production areas, background pollution of atmospheric air and technical standards Emissions are established by the territorial bodies of Rosprirodnadzor (with the exception of radioactive substances) in the presence of sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of these maximum permissible emissions by sanitary regulations.

According to paragraph 6 of the order of the organization and conduct of sanitary and epidemiological examinations, surveys, research, testing and toxicological, hygienic and other types of assessments, approved by the Order of Rospotrebnadzor from 19.07.2007 No. 224 (as amended by August 12, 2010), the term of sanitary-epidemiological examinations According to a citizen, an individual entrepreneur, a legal entity determined depending on the type and volume of research on a specific type of product, activities, works, services and can not exceed two months.

Further, on the basis of an expert opinion, the territorial body of Rospotrebnadzor issues a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion. The deadline for issuing sanitary and epidemiological conclusion is also not regulated. Consequently, according to the model regulation of the internal organization of federal executive bodies, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2005 No. 452 (as amended by 27.12.2012), the period of issuing a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion is 30 days.

The standards of PDV and HBC are established by the territorial bodies of Rosprirodnadzor (with the exception of radioactive substances) for a particular stationary source of emissions and their aggregate (organization as a whole).

According to paragraph 8.13 of the Rules of the Federal Service for Supervision in the field of environmental management, approved by order of Rosprirodnadzor from 29.06.2007 No. 191 (as amended by October 15, 2009), the response to the applicant is sent by the head (Deputy Head) of the territorial authority of Rosprirodnadzor within 30 days from the date of registration Appeals to Rosprirodnadzor, if the commission has not yet established a different period. If necessary, the term of consideration of the appeal can be extended by the head of the territorial authority of the Rosprirodnadzor, but not more than 30 days, with simultaneous informing the applicant and indicating the reasons for the extension.

Thus, according to the general regulations of appeal on issues related to the activities of Rosprirodnadzor, the term of approval of the standards of PDV - 30 days (It can be extended by the head of the Rosprirodnadzor for 30 days).

On a note.The PDV project is developed in accordance with the methodology for calculating the concentrations in the atmospheric air of harmful substances contained in emissions of enterprises (OND-86) (approved. USSR State Committee 04.08.1986 No. 192), GOST 17.2.3.02-78 "Nature Protection. Atmosphere. The rules for establishing permissible emissions of harmful substances by industrial enterprises, "recommendations for the design and content of the draft standards for the maximum permissible emissions to the atmosphere (PDV) for the enterprise (approved. USSR State Committee 28.08.1987) and other regulatory and legal and methodological documents.

Since the legislation did not establish grounds for refusing to approve the draft PDV, it means that the PDA project is fulfilled in accordance with the requirements of the documents listed above and received a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion, the refusal to establish PDV is unlawful.

After obtaining a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the draft PDV, the approval of the standards of PDV (HBC) company addresses the territorial body of Rosprirodnadzor or the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation to obtain emission permits.

In accordance with the administrative regulations, the territorial authority of Rosprirodnadzor decides on issuing or refusing to issue emission permits within a period not exceeding 30 working days.

The basis for refusal to issue emission permits is the presence of distorted information or inaccurate information as part of the applicant's materials. There are no other grounds for refusing permits for emissions.

In conclusion, answer the question that nature users specify most often: "And what threatens us if we do not develop the project PDV and do not get permission for emissions?" In the absence of permits, emissions can be limited, suspended or terminated in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In addition, according to Art. 31 of the Federal Law No. 96-FZ of the person guilty of violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of atmospheric air protection, are criminal, administrative and other liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

So, according to Art. 8.21 Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses Emission of harmful substances into atmospheric air or a harmful physical impact on it without a special permit entails overlay administrative fine:

• on citizens - from 2000 to 2500 rubles;
• on officials - from 4,000 to 5,000 rubles;
• on persons carrying out business activities Without the formation of a legal entity, - from 4,000 to 5,000 rubles. or administrative suspension of activities for up to 90 days;
• on legal entities - from 40,000 to 50,000 rubles. or administrative suspension of activities for up to 90 days.

E.N. Cherchchka, Ecologist Expert GK "Bravo Soft"