Speech therapy portal / Rhinolalia / Formation of the Dagestan assr. Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Autonomy of Dagestan - a new stage in the history of the region

Formation of the Dagestan assr. Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Autonomy of Dagestan - a new stage in the history of the region

30.11.2020

DAGESTA AUTONOMOUS SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC, Dagesta n, - as part of the RSFSR. Located in the east. parts of the North. Caucasus, in the east it is washed by the Caspian m. Formed on January 20. 1921. Area. 50.3 thousand km 2. US. - 1,062,472 hours (1959); as of 1 Jan. 1963 - 1222 thousand people (Avars, Dargins, Lezgins, Laks, Kumyks, Tabasaran, Rutuls, Aguls, Tsakhurs, Mountain Jews, etc.); mountains. US. - 314 968 hours, rural - 747 504 hours (1959). D. has 8 cities and 25 villages. districts, 7 villages of mountains. type. The capital is Makhachkala.

Primitive communal system in territory D... Terr. D. was mastered by man in the Paleolithic era. Monuments to Kam. centuries (Chumis-Inits, Usisha, Chokh, Rugudzha), the most ancient of which belonged to the Acheulean era. Neolithic materials. epochs (Tarnair, Buinaksk, Akusha) show the transition of the Danish tribes to hoe farming and cattle breeding. Subsequent, Eneolithic. epoch covering the 3rd millennium BC e., is characterized by the further development of agricultural and pastoralists. kh-va and a kind of culture, characteristic of the entire Caucasus. The most important achievement of this era is the development of copper and its alloys. In the Eneolithic. epoch there was a replacement of the maternal system of kinship with the paternal one. Monuments of the Bronze Age (in the districts of Derbent, Manas, Karabudakhkent, Makhachkala, B. Chiryurt, Irganai, Chokha, Kuli) show the continuity in the development of local culture. V bronze age the first major division of labor took place. Arable farming and cattle breeding are developing, a cut wears preim. sedentary character. Intertribal exchange is increasing. Relig. beliefs: animism, magic, cult of fire; cosmogonics began to take shape. representation. Within the framework of a single culture of the North-East. In the Caucasus, local variants are emerging. This reflects the process of ethnicity. differentiation within dag. kinship groups. tribes, ending with the formation of smaller cultural groups - the distant ancestors of the present. of the D. nationalities, which began in the Late Bronze Age, the process of decomposition of the clan structure intensified in the 1st millennium BC. e., in the era of development and widespread introduction of iron. The Danish tribes (Legs, Gelas, Duckies, and others) embark on the path of forming tribal alliances, a cut culminating in the entry at the end of the 1st millennium BC. NS. in a large state. unification on the territory. Azerbaijan - "Caucasian Albania". During the existence of Albania on the territory. South There were cities such as Choga, Toprakh-Kala, Urtseki, and others. n. NS. South D. up to Derbent was occupied by the Sassanids, and the coastal strip to the north from Derbent in the 4th century BC. captured by the "Huns". The population of Denmark was engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry; handicrafts and trade developed, mainly on the coast of the Caspian Sea. Derbent, Semender, Zerekhgeran (Kubachi). Canvases, metal products, madder, and saffron were exported from D. In the 5th century. in D., the Albanian alphabet became widespread. Monuments with Albanian inscriptions have been found in Derbent, Belidji, Kumukh and Orod.

The origin and development of feudal relations in Denmark (6th to 19th centuries)... In the 6-10 centuries. the decomposition of the primitive communal system and the emergence of feuds took place. relationship. The process of feudalization took place more intensively in the lowland part of Denmark. the plain part of D. became part of the "Khazar Kaganate" with its center in Semender. In the rest of the D., there were politicians. early feudal education. such as Sarir, Lakz, Gumik, Dzhidan, Kaitag, Zerekhgeran, Tabasaran, and others. The boundaries of these associations basically corresponded to the boundaries of the settlement of the Danish peoples - Avars, Dargins, Laks, and Lezgins. The development of the feud. relations in D. were promoted by an Arab. colonization. From 664 D. was subjected to the incessant invasions of the Arabs, who finally subjugated all D. to their power in the first half. 8 c. They imposed heavy taxes on the conquered population - kharaj (land tax) and jizya (poll tax from non-Muslims) and intensively imposed Islam on Denmark. The peoples of Denmark put up stubborn resistance to the Arabs. In the beginning. 9 c. in connection with the cross. the uprising of "Babek" in Transcaucasia and in D. intensified the anti-Arab. performances. In 851 the highlanders of Denmark supported an uprising against the Arab rule in Georgia. In 905 and 913–914, the combined forces of the Danish highlanders defeated the Arab protégé, the ruler of Shirvan and Derbent. From that time, D.'s ties with Russia were established.

In the 10-11 centuries. further development received agriculture and cattle breeding, developed blacksmithing, foundry, jewelry, ceramics. production. The centers of the craft were Kumukh, Shinaz, Bezhta, Gotsatl, and others. Kubachin weapons, Lezghin and Tabasaran carpets and rugs were exported through Derbent to the east and north (Rus). A prominent place in the ext. the trade was occupied by the merchants of Derbent. The successes in the development of the economy were accompanied by the development of the D. culture. The building reached a high level. technology, applied arts; the Arab spread. writing. The historian appears. chronicles. In 1106 "History of Dagestan, Shirvan and Arran" was compiled. Christianity penetrated into Denmark through Georgia (churches in Antsukh, Tsakhur, Genukha, a chapel near Datun, and Christian burial grounds in Khunzakh and Urad). Means. number of cam. crosses with cargo. and Georgian-Avar inscriptions testifies to the fairly widespread distribution of Christianity in D. and to attempts to create a written language in the Avar language. based on cargo. graphics. However, in a number of places, pagan ideas were still strong.

All R. 11th century Seljuks conquered Azerbaijan and b. h. D. At the end of the 11th century. Derbent became an independent principality. From about the end of the 12th century. in D. large state. formations: "Avar Khanate", Kazikumukh shamkhalstvo, Kaitag utsmiystvo, Tabasaran Mysumism and a number of minor politicians. associations. The shamkhals and khans repeatedly tried to unite the whole of Dagestan under their rule, but the lack of economics. and polit. preconditions (underdevelopment of feudal relations, ethnic diversity, civil strife) hindered the creation of a single state. D. in Wed century remained fragmented into small polit. units, each of which had internal. orders and weapons. strength.

In the 20s. 13th century D. has undergone devastation. the invasion of the Mongols. In the 14th century. the troops of "Uzbek", "Tokhtamysh" and "Timur" invaded D. They destroyed cities and many villages (Kadar, Kaitag, Tarki, Batlukh, Kuli, Tanus, Khunzakh, and others) and contributed to the implantation of Islam in D. With the death of Timur (1405), the desire for liberation from the foreign yoke intensified in D.. Great influence on will release. Rus' struggled in D. With the formation and strengthening of Rus. centralized. states, especially after the annexation of the Kazan (1552) and Astrakhan (1556) khanates, strong ties were established between Denmark and Russia. All in. D. arose in Russian. Terki, developed economical. D.'s ties with Transcaucasia and North. The Caucasus. This contributed to the development of c. x-va, trade, restoration of crafts. centers. In the 15th and 16th centuries. in Derbent, Tsakhur, Kara-Kureish, Kubachi, Kumukh, Khunzakh and others, Muslims were discovered. schools (madrasahs), in which, along with the study of the Koran, the youth studied Arab. lang., mathematics, philosophy, etc. In the 15th century. attempts were made to work out on the basis of the Arab. alphabet writing for Avar and Lak languages, a in the 16th century. - for the Dargin language. Scientists D. created a number of original works, the most valuable of which is the history of the Middle-century. D. - "Tarihi Dagestan" by Mohammed Raffi.

In the 14-17 centuries. the development of the feuds continued. relations in D. But at the same time, patriarchal-clan relations still existed in a number of districts of the country. In the 16-17 centuries. in the Kaitag utsmiystvo and the Avar Khanate, a feud was formed. codes that strengthened the rights of feudal lords to the dependent population. In Denmark, customary law played a large role, and blood feud existed. In the x-ve of the feudal lords, slaves were used. Feud. fragmentation, frequent feuds. feuds and constant invasions tour. and Iran. troops determined that in D. lasts. time, the patriarchal feud was preserved. relationship, slowly evolved produces. strength.

From the beginning. 16th century up to the 1st floor. 17th century D. was subjected to the incessant aggression of Iran and Turkey, who fought among themselves for the conquest of the Caucasus. In the face of constant struggle with the external. the enemy is economically and politically fragmented, torn apart by the feud. due to feuds, multilingual D. was forced to seek the protection of Russia, in which the highlanders saw a counterbalance to the Iranian Tur. aggression. In the 1st floor. 17th century Tarkovskoe shamkhalstvo, Kaitagskoe utsmiist-vo, Avar and Kazikumukh khanates, and others passed into Russian citizenship. In 1722, Peter I annexed the seaside D. to Russia, however, by virtue of the external force. complications and int. difficulties under the Ganja Treaty of 1735, Russia ceded them to Iran. But the peoples of D. continued to liberate. anti-Iranian. fight. In 1742, Nadir Shah, at the head of a huge army, invaded Denmark, but was defeated. Economical the development of the seaside districts was ahead of the upland D., where the main. industry with. On the farm, there was distant-pasture animal husbandry, and domestic crafts (clothing, simple agricultural implements) were developed, which satisfied their own needs. x-c. Int. trade was mainly exchange, its centers were Derbent, Tarki, Enderei, Khunzakh, Kumukh, Akhty. Livestock products and handicrafts were exported to Azerbaijan, Georgia, North. Caucasus. Bargaining intensified. D.'s ties with Russia. In the 18th century. there were also changes in the socio-economic. line. Feuds continued to develop in lowland and, in part, highland D. relationship. In high-mountainous D., an early feud. relations were still combined with obsolete primitive communal relations. The most powerful possessions were Avar, Kazikumukh khanates and Tarkov shamkhalstvo.

Despite the political. and economical fragmentation and constant invasions of foreign invaders, in the 17th and 18th centuries. the culture of the peoples of D. was developing. The most striking of the extant productions. folklore, telling about the heroic. D.'s fight against Iran. dominion was epic. song in Avar, Lak and Lezgin languages. about Nadir Shah; spread heroic. songs reflecting ist. ties with Georgia, Azerbaijan and the peoples of the North. Caucasus, class. struggle (for example, Avar. "Song of Khochbar", which became common Dagestan). The most prominent poet was Said Kochkhyurskiy (1767-1812). In the 18th century. was finally developed for the Avar, Lak, Dargin, Kumyk and other languages. Ajam writing system, basic. to Arab. alphabet. Scientists D. - Magomed from Kudutl (1635–1708), Damadan from Megeb (d. 1718), Taishi from Kharakhi (1653–63), Dibir-Kadi from Khunzakh (1742–1817) - by their works on philology, jurisprudence, philosophy , mathematics, astronomy, and other sciences gained fame outside the borders of D. There was an ist. Op. "Chronicle of the Jara Wars" and others.

D.'s accession to Russia. Penetration and development of capitalist relations... All R. 18th century the threat of tour loomed over D. conquest, but the victory of Russia in the Russian-tour. the wars of 1768–74 and 1787–91 eliminated this threat. In 1796, in connection with the invasion of the hordes of Aga Mohammed Khan, Rus. detachment under commands. V. Zubov annexed the coastal territory to Russia. D. In 1797, Paul I returned the Russian. troops from the Caucasus. D. remained fragmented into 10 khanates, shamkhalism, utsmiystvo, and more than 60 "free" societies. societies standing at different levels. development. In the domain where the feud is. relations were more developed, the exploited population consisted of peasants, who were in varying degrees of dependence on the shamkhals, khans, utsmiys, and beks. In the "free" societies of Denmark, where cattle-raising was the leading branch of the economy, the feudalizing nobility concentrated mountain pastures and livestock in their hands. Operation of direct. the producer was covered by remnants of patriarchal-clan relations, idyllic. customs and pseudo-kinship ties.

13 nov. In 1920, at the Extraordinary Congress of the Peoples of Denmark, it was decided to create the Sov. autonomy D. Jan. 20 1921 The Central Executive Committee adopted a decree on the formation of the Dagestan ASSR as part of the RSFSR. Dec. 1921 1st Founding. D.'s congress adopted the constitution of Dag. ASSR, elected the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the republic. Households began. Rebirth of Denmark. By 1926, the gross output of the Danube industry exceeded the gross output of 1913 by 21.5%. During the years of socialist. construction, the economy of D. was completely transformed. Dozens of large and medium-sized enterprises were built; there were oil fields and coal mines. By 1939, 120 power plants with a total capacity of 30.5 thousand kWh were built. By 1940, the gross output of a large industry had increased 13 times as compared with 1913. On socialist. The handicraft industry was rebuilt. Were created nat. frames. The working class of Denmark has grown fivefold in number since 1920. By the beginning. 1940 98.5% of the cross was collectivized. x-c. The sown area of the republic amounted to 347.4 t. Ha, exceeding the level of 1913 by 66%. Length of irrigates. network increased in comparison with 1921 5.5 times. Eliminating the age-old economic. and cultural backwardness, the peoples of Denmark created socialist. economy and culture. During the Fatherland period. 1941–45 St. 40 Dagestanis were awarded the title of Hero of the Owls. Union, more than 10 thousand soldiers were awarded military orders and medals. In the post-war. Over the years, the peoples of Denmark have achieved new successes in socialism. construction. More than 40 large industrial facilities have been commissioned. enterprises: s-dy electrotherm. equipment, "DagZETO", Dagelektroapparat, separator, grinding machines, Dagelectroautomat, repair-mechanic. and others, completed the construction of the largest in the North. The Caucasus Chiryurt HPP, development of new oil fields has begun in the Karanogaysky, Tarumovsky, Krainovsky and Kizlyarsky districts. Chemistry, glass, textile, food is rapidly developing. industry, especially canning and wine-making. By 1961, prom. Denmark's production increased more than 50 times over 1913, electricity production more than 70 times, and oil production hundreds of times. After the September plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1953), p. farm D. In 1953–62 the number of cattle increased by 166 thousand heads, sheep - by 1118.5 thousand heads. The average grain yield increased from 4.3 to 12.7 centners per hectare. In the coastal and foothill zones of Denmark, plowing is fully mechanized, sowing by 93%, and harvesting by 95%. The working people of Denmark are successfully fighting for the implementation of the program of building communism adopted by the 22nd Congress of the CPSU (1961). By long-term plan development of bunks. In 1961–80, oil production, machine building, and the metalworking industry will develop at a particularly accelerated pace in D. By 1980, the area of irrigated land in the republic will significantly increase. Until Οct. Revolution, almost the entire population of Denmark was illiterate, there were no universities, theater, cinema, etc. During the years of the Sov. The authorities in Denmark have accomplished a cultural revolution, and illiteracy has been eliminated. part of the population got rid of religions. remnants. Writing for seven ethnic groups of D. was created. The works of S. Stalsky, G. Tsadasa, T. Khuryugsky, R. Gamzatov and other outstanding representatives of multilingual owls are widely popular. dag. lit-ry. In 1962, there were 1,586 schools and 27 specialized secondary schools in D. and 4 higher education. institutions, 1203 libraries, 951 clubs, 7 theaters, 570 cinema installations, a television center. In 1950, a branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was established. In 1962, 49 newspapers and 10 magazines were published in D. Journal: "Friendship" (in 5 languages), "Goryanka" (in 5 languages), "Dagestan" (in Russian), "Proceedings of the Dag. Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences", "Uch. that of history, language and literature "," Uch. Zap. Dag. State University "(in Russian). Newspapers: "Dagestanskaya Pravda" (in Russian), "Bagarab Bairakh" ("Red Banner", in Avar. "Communist" (in Lezg. Language), "Lenin Elu" ("Lenin's way", in Kumyk), "Komsomolets of Dagestan" (in Russian), 29 obl. and regional newspapers.

Historical institutions I: Institute of History, Language and Literature Dag. branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (created in 1925), Ist.-philological. Faculty of Doug. state un-ta them. V.I. Lenin (1931), Central State Archives (1929), Partarchive Dag. regional committee of the CPSU (1921), 4 ethnographers. Museum, 1 Historical Revolution. Museum.

Source: Materials on the archeology of Dagestan, vol. 1, Makhachkala, 1959; Berger Α., Materials for the description of highland Dagestan, Tiflis, 1859; same, Caspian region, Tiflis, 1856; History, geography and ethnography of Dagestan in the 18th – 19th centuries. (archival materials), M., 1958; P. Butkov, Materials for new history Caucasus, from 1722 to 1803, parts 1-3, St. Petersburg, 1869; Bronevsky S., The latest geographic (statistical, ethnographic) and historical. news about the Caucasus, t. 1–2, M., 1823; Sat. information about the Caucasian highlanders, c. 1-10, Tiflis, 1868-1881; AKAK, v. 1–12, Tiflis, 1866–1904; Belokurov S. Α., Relations between Russia and the Caucasus, M., 1889; Khashayev X. M., Code of laws of the Ummu-khan of Avarsky, M., 1948; Alkadari G.-E., Asari - Dagestan, Makhachkala, 1929; Gidatlinsky adats, in rus. and an Arab. lang., Makhachkala, 1957; Adats of the Dagestan region and Zakatala district, Tiflis, 1899; The movement of the highlanders of the North-Eastern Caucasus in the 20-50s. XIX century. Sat. documents, Makhachkala, 1959; Revolutionary movement in Dagestan in 1905-1907 (Collection of documents and materials), Makhachkala, 1956; Struggle for the establishment and consolidation of Soviet power in Dagestan in 1917-1921. (Sat. documents and materials), M., 1958; The revolutionary committees of Dagestan and their activities to consolidate Soviet power and the organization of socialist construction (March 1920 - December 1921), [coll. documents and materials], Makhachkala, 1960.

Lit .: Lenin V.I., Development of capitalism in Russia, Soch., 4th ed., Vol. 3; him, the Comrades-Communists of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Dagestan, the Mountain Republic, ibid., v. 32; Ordzhonikidze G.K., Fav. Art. and speech. 1911-1937, M., 1939; Kirov S.M., Articles, speeches, documents, 2nd ed., V. 1, 3, L., 1936; Essays on the history of Dagestan, vols. 1–2, Makhachkala, 1957; Magomedov R.M., History of Dagestan. From ancient times to the beginning. XIX century, Makhachkala, 1961; The peoples of Dagestan. Sat. Art., M., 1955; Gadzhieva S. Sh., Kumyks. Historical and ethnographic research, M., 1961; Kotovich V.G., Sheikhov N.B., Archaeological. study of Dagestan for 40 years (results and problems), Uch. zap. Institute of History, Language and Literature, v. 8, Makhachkala, 1960; Bartold V. V., The place of the Caspian regions in the history of the Muslim world, Baku, 1925; Kovalevsky Μ. Μ., Law and custom in the Caucasus, vol. 2, M., 1890; Neverovsky Α. Α., A brief look at northern and middle Dagestan in topographic. and statistical. relations, St. Petersburg, 1847; Yushkov S.V., On the question of the peculiarities of feudalism in Dagestan (before the Russian conquest), Uch. app. Sverdlovsk ped. in-ta, v. 1, 1938; E. Kusheva, North Caucasus and international relationships XVI-XVII centuries, "IZH", 1943, No. 1; Smirnov N. Α., Characteristic features of the ideology of muridism, M., 1956; his, Russia's Policy in the Caucasus in the 16th – 19th centuries, Moscow, 1958; his, Muridism in the Caucasus, M., 1963; On the movement of the mountaineers under the leadership of Shamil [materials of the session], Makhachkala, 1957; Fadeev AV, Essays on the economic development of the steppe Ciscaucasia in the pre-reform period, M., 1957; his, Russia and the Eastern crisis of the 20s of the XIX century., M., 1958; him, Russia and the Caucasus of the first third of the XIX century., M., 1960; Khashaev X., The social structure of Dagestan in the XIX century., M., 1961; Magomedov R. M., Socio-economic and political system of Dagestan in the 18th - early 19th centuries, Makhachkala, 1957; Gadzhiev V.G., Accession of Dagestan to Russia. Uch. app. Institute of History, Language and Literature, vol. 1, Makhachkala, 1956; Nishunov I. R., Economic consequences of the annexation of Dagestan to Russia (pre-October period), Makhachkala, 1956; Kaymarazov G. Sh., Progressive influence of Russia on the development of education and culture in Dagestan, Makhachkala, 1954; Daniilov GD, Dagestan during the revolution of 1905–1907, Uch. app. Institute of History, Language and Literature, vol. 1, Makhachkala, 1956; him, Socialist. transformations in Dagestan (1920-1941), Makhachkala, 1960; Daniyalov A.D., Soviet Dagestan, Μ., 1960; Kazanbiev M., National-state construction in Dag. ASSR (1920-1940), Makhachkala, 1960; Abilov A.A., Essays on the Soviet culture of the peoples of Dagestan, Makhachkala, 1959; Struggle for the victory and consolidation of Soviet power in Dagestan, Makhachkala, 1960; Alikberov G., Revolution and Civil War in Dagestan, Makhachkala, 1962; Efendiev A.-K. I., Formation of owls. intelligentsia in Dagestan (1920-1940), Makhachkala, 1960; Osmanov G., Collectivization p. kh-va and DASSR, Makhachkala, 1961; Magomedov R.M., Chronology of the history of Dagestan, Makhachkala, 1959.

V.G. Gadzhiev. Makhachkala.

Our republic has gone from a maternity autonomous entity within Russia to a full-fledged Republic of Dagestan, which has an equal status with all other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, becoming its southernmost part.

The incorporation of Dagestan into Russia was not an easy process. The tsarist administration had to make a lot of efforts to involve Dagestan in the mainstream of the economic and cultural development of the empire. To this end, a number of reforms were carried out, the most important of which was the administrative one, which contributed to the stabilization of the political situation in the Caucasus. Under the influence of Russia, economic specialization actively took place in the mountainous region, commercial agriculture and cattle breeding developed. An important aspect in the development of the Dagestan region was the emergence of a national intelligentsia, which was facilitated by the opening of secular schools. The tsarist administration opened vacancies in secondary and higher educational institutions of the empire for the Dagestani elite. At the same time, educational institutions, libraries, hospitals first appeared in the region. The Dagestan region, as part of the Russian Empire, existed from April 1860 to January 20, 1921.
In 1917, a revolution took place in the Russian Empire, and Soviet power was established in Dagestan. In November 1920, an Extraordinary Congress of the Peoples of Dagestan was held in Temir-Khan-Shura, at which the People's Commissar for Nationalities Joseph Stalin proclaimed the Declaration of Soviet Autonomy for Dagestan. And on January 20, 1921, the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee legally approved the formation of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which is part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) - a Decree was adopted on the formation of the Dagestan ASSR as part of the RSFSR. It included Avar, Andean, Gunibsky, Darginsky, Kazi-Kumukhsky, Kaitago-Tabasaran, Kyurinsky, Samursky. Temirkhan-Shurinskii, Khasavyurt okrug and the territory of the Caspian coast. Much later, the Karanogaysky, Kizlyarsky, Krainovsky, Tarumovsky districts (now the Nogaysky, Tarumovsky, Kizlyarsky districts) and the city of Kizlyar were transferred to the Dagestan ASSR. By the aforementioned Decree, the central government recognized the national-state autonomy within Russia, proclaimed by the peoples of Dagestan at the Extraordinary Congress on November 13, 1920. The decree on the formation of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic determined the final boundaries, peaceful methods of resolving territorial disputes, the activities of the republic's governing bodies, the basic principles of relations between the central and local authorities. Over time, the Dagestan autonomy within the Russian Federation became one of the leading regions in the North Caucasus. The Dagestani people made a choice in favor of state unity with Russia, this was the most correct choice from the point of view of self-preservation and self-development of our peoples as part of a united Russia. In addition, paradoxically, despite the centuries-old existence of various political associations on the territory of our region, it was the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic that became the first real common Dagestan state, the process of state building began, in which all peoples of our republic participated on equal terms. The supreme bodies of power and administration of the republic were also formed - the Central Executive Committee (CEC) and the Council of People's Commissars (SNK). Nazhmudin Samursky was elected chairman of the CEC, and the first government of the republic was headed by Jalaletdin Korkmasov. The formation of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic finally consolidated the victory of Soviet power in the republic.
The Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic received its organizational and practical implementation on December 5, 1921 at the All-Dagestan Constituent Congress of Soviets, which adopted the first Constitution in the history of the republic.
The creation of a unified Dagestan state made it possible to make a powerful breakthrough in economic, political and cultural development. The enterprises destroyed during the Civil War were restored, dozens of new factories, factories, power plants, transport infrastructure facilities, the October Revolution canal were built, hunger and illiteracy were defeated. During the years of Soviet power, Dagestan became a republic with a developed industry and diversified agriculture.
In the development of the economy, an important role was played by the electric power industry and oil-extracting industries, mechanical engineering, the construction materials industry, the chemical and food industries. V soviet period Dozens of large industrial enterprises were built, an industrial system advanced for its time was created, an industrial structure sufficiently developed even by modern standards. The social structure of Dagestan has radically changed, where today almost half of the population lives in cities. The appearance was also transformed settlements: new beautiful schools, hospitals, residential buildings, administrative buildings were built, the area of gardens and parks increased. In the field of culture, great shifts have also taken place - national professional theaters have been created, a system of higher and secondary educational institutions capable of satisfying all the basic needs of the republic in specialists.
Dagestan has become an exemplary Soviet autonomy, characterized by high rates of socio-economic and cultural development. The mountaineers of Dagestan kept the solemn oath taken in 1920 at the Extraordinary Congress of the Peoples of Dagestan on friendship and fraternal solidarity with the peoples of the Soviet Union during the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War. As the Head of the Republic of Dagestan Ramazan Abdulatipov noted: “During the Great Patriotic War, our country was saved by the unity of the people. Hundreds of thousands of Dagestanis rose to defend their homeland - the Soviet Union and defended not only themselves, but also many peoples of the world from enslavement. Bright memory to all the heroes who gave their lives for the unity and independence of our Fatherland! There are 59 Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia in Dagestan, because Dagestanis have always been courageous warriors, patriots of their country, have always strengthened the friendship of peoples. " The peoples of Dagestan confirmed their choice during the collapse of the USSR and the formation of new independent states remaining a part of the Russian Federation.
The head of Dagestan, speaking at an event dedicated to the Day of National Unity, said: “Even in the most difficult times, Dagestanis believed in Russia and strove for it. Thanks to Russia, we are a civilized, cultured country, we are a people that has a historical past, present and, undoubtedly, a future. "

, Azerbaijani, Tat, Chechen (since 1978)

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