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Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont was born 3 (15) June 1867 in the village of Gumnychi Shui County Vladimir Province. Father, Dmitry Konstantinovich, served in the Shui county court and the land, passing the way from a small employee in the rank of the college registrar to the magistrate, and then to the chairman of the county goddan government. Mother, Vera Nikolaevna, nee Lebedev, was an educated woman, and strongly influenced the future worldview of the poet, introducing it into the world of music, literature, history.
In 1876-1883, Balmont studied in Shuisian gymnasium, from where it was excluded for participating in an anti-government circle. He continued his education in Vladimir Gymnasium, then in Moscow at the University, and Demidovsky Lyceum in Yaroslavl. In 1887, for participation in student unrest was excluded from Moscow University and was exiled. Higher education I never received, but thanks to my hardworking and curiosity, it became one of the most erudite and cultural people of his time. Balmont annually read a huge number of books, studied, according to various information, from 14 to 16 languages, in addition to literature and art, he was fond of history, ethnography, chemistry.
Poems began to write in childhood. The first book of poems "Collection of poems" was published in Yaroslavl for the author's funds in 1890. The young poet after the release of the book burned almost all the small circulation.
The decisive time in the formation of the poetic worldview of Balmont - mid-1890s. Until now, his poems have not allocated something special among Latenogenic poetry. Publication of collections "under the northern sky" (1894) and "in vastity" (1895), the translation of two scientific works "History of Scandinavian literature" Gorn-Switucer and "History of Italian Literature" Gaspari, acquaintance with V. Bryusov and other representatives of the new direction in Art, strengthened the faith of the poet to itself and their special purpose. In 1898, Balmont produces a column "Silence", finally laid out the author's place in modern literature.
Balmont was destined to become one of the prosecutors of the new direction in the literature - symbolism. However, among the "senior symbols" (D. Merezhkovsky, Z. Hippius, F. Sologub, V. Bryusov) and among the "younger" (A. Block, Andrey White, Vyach. Ivanov) he had its own position related to wider Understanding the symbolism as poetry, which, in addition to a concrete meaning, has the content of the hidden, expressed with the help of hints, mood, musical sound. Of all the symbols, Balmont most consistently developed an impressionistic branch. His poetic world is the world of the finest fleeting observations, fragile feelings.
Forerunners of Balmont in poetry were, in his opinion, Zhukovsky, Lermontov, Fet, Shelly and E. software.
Wide fame to Balmont came quickly late, and in the late 1890s he was rather known as a talented translator from Norwegian, Spanish, English and other languages.
In 1903, one of the best collections of the poet "Let's As Sun" and the collection "Only love" came out. And before that, for the anti-government poem "Little Sultan", read on a literary party in the city Duma, the authorities sent Balmont from St. Petersburg, forbid him to accommodate him in other university cities. And in 1902, Balmont leaves abroad, being a political emigrant.
In addition to almost all countries in Europe, Balmont visited the United States of America and Mexico and in the summer of 1905 returned to Moscow, where two of his collections "Liturgy Beauty" and "Faine fairy tales" came out.
On the events of the first Russian revolution, Balmont responds to the collections of the "poem" (1906) and "Avenger's songs" (1907). Fearing persecution The poet again leaves Russia and leaves for France, where he lives until 1913. Hence, he commits travel to Spain, Egypt, South America, Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Ceylon, India.
Gone in 1907 the book "Firebird. Slavl Slavyanina, "in which Balmont developed a national topic, did not bring him success and from that time the gradual sunset of the poet's glory begins. However, Balmont himself was not aware of his creative recession. It remains away from the fierce controversy between the symbols leading on the pages of the "Scales" and "Golden Runa", diverges with Bryusov in understanding the tasks facing contemporary art, writes a lot, easily, selflessly. One after another comes the collections "Birds in the air" (1908), "dance of time" (1908), "Green Vertograd" (1909). About them with the inconspicuous sharpness responds A. Block.
In May 1913, after the announcement of the amnesty in connection with the three hundred dollars of the House of Romanov, Balmont returns to Russia and for some time it turns out the focus of attention of the literary public. By this time, he is not only a well-known poet, but also by the author of three books containing literary-critical and aesthetic articles: "Mountain peaks" (1904), "White Zarnitsa" (1908), "Sea glow" (1910).
Before the October Revolution, Balmont creates two more truly interesting collections "ash" (1916) and "Sonnets of the Sun, Honey and Moon" (1917).
Balmont welcomed the overthrow of autocracy, however, the events that followed the revolution, scared him, and thanks to the support of A. Lunacharsky Balmont received permission to temporarily leave the border in June 1920. Temporary departure turned to the poet for many years of emigration.
In Emigration, Balmont published several poetic collections: "Dar Earth" (1921), "Marevo" (1922), "My - Her" (1923), "Solid Dali" (1929), "Northern Light" (1931), "Blue Horseshoe "(1935)," Lighting "(1936-1937).
He died on December 23, 1942 from the inflammation of the lungs. He was buried in the town of Nuzi Le Grand Prix near Paris, where she lived in recent years.

With the resilist Konstantin Balmont was for his contemporaries "Eternal Anxious Mystery." His followers united into the "Balmontov" mugs, imitated his literary style and even appearance. Many contemporaries were devoted to him - Marina Tsvetaeva and Maximilian Voloshin, Igor Northerner and Ilya Erenburg. But several people had a particular importance in the life of the poet.

"The first poets I read"

Konstantin Balmont was born in the village of Gumnychi Vladimir province. His father was serving, the mother suited amateur performances and literary evenings, played in local press. The first books of the future poet Konstantin Balmont already read at five years.

When older children had to go to school (Konstantin was the third of the seven sons), the family moved to seam. Here Balmont entered the gymnasium, here he wrote his first poems that were not approved by his mother: "In a bright sunny day, they arose, two poems, one about the winter, the other about the summer." Here, he entered into an illegal circle, which distributed in the town of Proclamation of the Executive Committee of the Party "People's Volia". The poet wrote about his revolutionary sentiments as follows: "... I was happy, and I wanted everyone to be just as good. It seemed to me that if it was good only to me, it was ugly. "

Dmitry Konstantinovich Balmont, Father of the poet. 1890s. Photo: P. V. Kompyovsky, N. A. Molchanova. "Balmont .." Sunny genius "of Russian literature." Editor L. S. Kalyuzhny. M.: Young Guard, 2014. 384 p.

Kostya Balmont. Moscow. Photo: P. V. Kompyovsky, N. A. Molchanova. "Balmont .." Sunny genius "of Russian literature." Editor L. S. Kalyuzhny. M.: Young Guard, 2014. 384 p.

Vera Nikolaevna Balmont, mother of the poet. 1880s. Image: P. V. Kompyovsky, N. A. Molchanova. "Balmont .." Sunny genius "of Russian literature." Editor L. S. Kalyuzhny. M.: Young Guard, 2014. 384 p.

"Great Father" Vladimir Korolenko

In 1885, the future writer was transferred to the gymnasium in Vladimir. He published three of his poems in the "picturesque review" - popular then the magazine of St. Petersburg. Balmont's literary debut passed almost unnoticed.

Dovenation of Konstantin Balmont was acquainted with Writer Vladimir Korolenko. Later, the poet called him his "godfather." Korolenko passed the notebook, in which the poems of Balmont and its translations of the Austrian poet Nicolaus Lenau.

The writer prepared for the gymnasian Konstantin Balmont, a letter with a review on his works, noted the "undoubted talent" of a novice poet and gave a few tips: to work on his texts to work on his own individuality, as well as "read, learn and, more importantly, to live" .

"He wrote to me that I have a lot of beautiful details, successfully grated from the world of nature, which you need to focus your attention, and not chase every riming moth that you don't need to hurry my feeling, but you need to trust the unconscious field of the soul, which is unnoticed It accumulates its observations and comparisons, and then suddenly all this blooms, as the flower flourishes after a long unclear pore of the accumulation of his forces. "

In 1886, Konstantin Balmont entered legal faculty Moscow University. But a year later, he was excluded for participating in the riots and sent it into selo.

K. D. Balmont. Portrait of Valentina Serov (1905)

Building of Moscow State University

Vladimir Korolenko. Photo: Onk.su.

Russian Safo Mirra Lohvitskaya

In 1889, a novice poet married Larisa Malina. A year later, Konstantin Balmont published his first book "Collection of poems." The publication did not cause any interest in the literary circles, nor among the relatives of the poet, and he burned almost the entire circulation of the book. Parents of the poet actually broke the relationship with him after his marriage, the financial situation of the young family was unstable. Balmont tried to end with him, having thrown out of the window. After that, he spent almost a year in bed. In 1892, he began to engage in translations (for half a century of literary activities, he will leave transfers almost with 30 languages).

A close friend of the poet in the 1890s was Mirra (Maria) Lohvitskaya, which was called "Russian Safo". They became acquainted, most likely, in 1895 in the Crimea (the approximate date was restored by the book with the domestic inscription Lochwitz). The poetess was married, Konstantin Balmont was married for the second time, on Ekaterina Andreva (in 1901 they had a daughter Nina).

My earth life is ringing,
Non-challenge of the Koman
They are a slapucan swan
My disturbing soul.
Away flashed hurried
In the location of greedy ships,
Quietly in the bay thickets,
Where the sadness breathes, like the oppression of the earth.
But the sound, from the trembling born,
Slips back in the Kamyshem
And thrown the swan awakened
My immortal soul
And rushes to the world of freedom,
Where they invade the waves sighing storms
Where in change
Looking eternal azure.

Mirra Lohvitskaya. "Sleeping Swan" (1896)

White Swan, swan clean,
Your dreams are always silent,
Serene-silver
You slide, giving birth to waves.
Under you - the depth of the dome
Without brings, unanswered,
But you slide, drowning
In the abyss of air and light.
Over you - the ether is bottomless
With a bright morning star.
You slide, transformed
Reflected Beauty.
Symbol of tenderness of impassive,
Inaccurate, fry,
Ghost feminine-wonderful
Swan pure, swan white!

Konstantin Balmont. "White Swan" (1897)

For almost a decade, Lohvitskaya and Balmont led a poetic dialogue, which is often called "novel in verses." In the work of two poets, the poems were popular, which echoed - without direct mention of the addressee - in form or content. Sometimes the meaning of several verses became clear only when comparing them.

Soon the views of the poets began to disperse. This affected the creative correspondence that Mirra Lokhvitskaya tried to stop. But the literary novel was interrupted only in 1905, when she died. Balmont continued to devote poems to her and admire her works. He spoke Anna Ahmatova that only two poetess - Safo and Merru Lohvitskaya were known to meet her. In honor of the poets, he will call his daughter from the third marriage.

Mirra Lohvitskaya. Photo: E-Reading.club.

Ekaterina Andreeva. Photo: P. V. Kompyovsky, N. A. Molchanova. "Balmont .." Sunny genius "of Russian literature." Editor L. S. Kalyuzhny. M.: Young Guard, 2014. 384 p.

Anna Akhmatova. Photo: lingar.my1.ru.

"Brother of my dreams, poet and Volkhv Valery Bryusov"

In 1894, a collection of verses Konstantin Balmont "Under the Northern Sky" came out, and in the same year, at a meeting of the Society of Western Literature, the poet met Valery Bryusov.

"He first discovered in our verse" Slodes ", opened the possibilities that no one suspected, unprecedented vowel crowds, transfusing one to another as drops of moisture, like crystal stons."

Valery Bryusov

Their acquaintance turned into friendship: the poets often met, read each other new works, shared their impressions from foreign poetry. In his memoirs, Valery Bryusov wrote: "Much, a lot of things I became clear, I was opened only through Balmont. He taught me to understand other poets. I was one before meeting with Balmont and became another after acquaintance with him. "

Both poet tried to bring European traditions to Russian poetry, both were symbolists. However, their communication, which lasted a total of more than a quarter of a century, did not always develop smoothly: sometimes broken conflicts led to long bellows, then Balmont, and Bryusus again resumed creative meetings and correspondence. The long-term "friendship-enmity" was accompanied by a variety of poems that poets were dedicated to each other.

Valery Bryusov "K.D. Balmont "

V. Bryusov. Picture of the artist M. Vrubel

Konstantin Balmont.

Valery Bryusov

"Pawn's breastman. By a pseudonym: bitter "

In the mid-1890s, Maxim Gorky was interested in the literary experiments of symbolists. During this period, his correspondence communication with Konstantin Balmont began: in 1900-1901, they both were published in the Life magazine. Balmont dedicated to Gorky several poems, wrote about his work in his articles about Russian literature.

Personally, writers became acquainted in November 1901. At this time, Balmont was sent again from St. Petersburg - for participating in the demonstration and written by it the poem "Little Sultan", which contained criticism of Nicholas II policy. The poet went to the Crimea to Maxim Gorky. Together they visited Lion Tolstoy in Gaspre. In a letter, the editor of the "life" Vladimir Possea Gorky wrote about the acquaintance: "I met Balmont. The devilishs are interesting and talented this neurasthenik! "

Bitter! You came from the bottom,
But the soul of indignant love gentle, sophisticated.
In our life - the sorrow is one:
We faced the greatness, seeing pale circle, unfinished

Konstantin Balmont. "Gorky"

Since 1905, Konstantin Balmont actively participated in the political life of the country, collaborated with anti-government publications. A year later, he, fearing arrest, emigrated to France. During this period, Balmont traveled a lot and wrote, released the book "Avenger's songs". Communication of the poet with Maxim Gorky almost ceased.

The poet returned to Russia in 1913, when amnesty was announced in honor of the 300th anniversary of the house of Romanov. The October Revolution of 1917 did not accept the poet, in the book "Revolutionary I or not?" (1918) He argued that the poet should be outside the parties, but expressed a negative attitude towards the Bolsheviks. At this time, Balmont was married for the third time - on Elena Tvetkovsky.

In 1920, when the poet with his wife and daughter Mirrey moved to Moscow, he wrote several poems dedicated to the young Union. This made it possible to leave abroad, allegedly in a creative business trip, but the family in the USSR did not return. At this time, relations with Maxim Gorky go to new coil: Gorky writes a letter to Romen Rollan, in which Balmont condemns the pseudo-general verses, emigration and the complicated position of those poets that also wanted to go abroad. This poet is responsible for the article "Pedkov's tradesman. According to the pseudonym: bitter, "which was published in the Riga newspaper" Today ".

Creativity of the famous Russian poet Konstantin Balmont Silver century It is quite controversial in the direction of the direction and style. Initially, the poet was considered the first symbolist who became so famous. However, all the same early creativity can be attributed to impressionism.

All this affected the fact that the poems of Konstantin Balmont were about love, about fleeting impressions and feelings, his work as if he binds the sky and land, and leaves a sweet aftertaste. In addition, the early poems of Balmont's symbolist accompanied by a rather sad mood and humility of a lonely young man.

Themes of poems Konstantin Balmont:

All further creativity of the poet constantly changed. The next stage was the search for a new space and emotions that could be found works. The transition to Nietzshean's motives and heroes caused the stormy criticism of the poems of Balmont from the part. The last stage in the work of the poet was the transition from sad topics to brighter paints of life and emotions.

In autumn, there is nothing better than to see the reading of the poems of Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont.

Konstantin Balmont is a Russian poet, translator, prose, critic, essist. Bright silver century representative. He published 35 collections of poetry, 20 books with prose. Translated a large number of works of foreign writers. Konstantin Dmitrievich is the author of literary studies, philological treatises, critical essays. His poems "Snowflake", "Kamyshey", "Autumn", "By winter", "Fairy" and many others are included in the school curriculum.

Childhood and youth

Konstantin Balmont was born and lived up to 10 years in the village of Humnishi Shui County Vladimir Province in a poor, but noble family. His father, Dmitry Konstantinovich, first worked as a judge, later took the post of head of the Zemskie. Mother Vera Nikolaevna was from the family, where they loved and were fond of literature. The woman sat down literary evenings, put the performances and printed in a local newspaper.

Vera Nikolaevna knew several foreign languagesAnd she was inherent in the share of "free-robes", in their house it was often "unwanted" people. Later, he wrote that his mother not only instilled love for literature, but he inherited his "spiritual system." In the family, in addition to Constantine, there was seven sons. He was the third. Watching the mother teaches the letter of senior brothers, the boy independently learned to read in 5 years.

There lived a family in the house that stood on the banks of the river, surrounded by the gardens. Therefore, when it was time for children to give to school, they moved to seam. Thus, they had to break away from nature. The boy wrote his first poems at 10 years old. But Mom did not approve these undertakings, and he did not write anything for the next 6 years.

In 1876, Balmont was enrolled in the Shui gymnasium. At first, Kostya showed himself as a diligent student, but soon he missed all this. He became interested in reading, while some books in German and french He read in the original. From the gymnasium, it was excluded for poor training and revolutionary moods. Already then he consisted in an illegal circle, which distributed leaflets of the Folk Free party.

Konstantin moved to Vladimir and studied there until 1886. While learning in the gymnasium, his poems were published in the metropolitan magazine "Picturesque Review", but this event remained unnoticed. After he entered Moscow University at the Faculty of Law. But here it was not long for a long time.

He became close to Peter Nikolaev, who was a sixtieth revolutionary. Therefore, it is not surprising that after 2 years it was expelled for participating in student unrest. Immediately after this incident, he was sent from Moscow to see.

In 1889, Balmont decided to recover at the university, but because of the nervous disorder, it was not possible to make it possible to retransly. The same fate heded him and in the Demidov Lying team of legal sciences, where he arrived later. After this attempt, he decided to leave the idea to receive "stateless" education.

Literature

The first collection of poems Balmont wrote when was chained to bed after unsuccessful suicide. I published a book in Yaroslavl in 1890, but later the poet himself personally destroyed the main part of the circulation.

All the starting point in the work of the poet is considered the collection "Under the Northern Sky". He was met by the public with admiration, as the subsequent work - "in the vastness of the darkness" and "silence". His willingly began to print in modern magazines, Balmont became popular, he was considered the most promising from the "decadents".

In the middle of the 1890s, he begins to closely communicate with ,. Soon Balmont becomes the most popular poet symbolist in Russia. In verses, he is enthusiastic in the phenomena of the world, and in some collections openly concerns the "demonic" topics. This is noticeable in "evil chars" whose circulation was confiscated by the authorities for censorship reasons.

Balmont travels a lot, so his work is permeated with images of exotic countries and polyculturity. Readers attracts and delight. The poet adheres to the spontaneous improvisation - he never contributed to the texts, believed that the first creative gust was the most faithful.

The contemporaries "Fairy fairy tales", written by Balmont in 1905, were highly appreciated. This collection of fabulous songs The poet devoted to the daughter of Nina.

Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont was a revolutionary in spirit and in life. The deduction from the gymnasium and the university did not stop the poet. Once he publicly read the verse "Little Sultan", in which everyone saw parallel with. For this they expelled him from St. Petersburg and for 2 years they were banned from living in university cities.

He was an opponent of tsarism, so his participation in the first Russian revolution was expected. At that time, he became friends with and poems wrote such that more resembled rhymed leaflets.

During the December 1905 Moscow uprising, Balmont opposes students. But, fearing arrest, forced to leave Russia. From 1906 to 1913 he lives in France in the status of a political emigrant. Being in a kind of link, he continues to write, but critics increasingly began to talk about the decline of Balmont's creativity. In his last works, they noticed some kind of template and self-acting.

The poet himself considered his best Book "Last minute buildings. Lyrics of the modern soul. " If, before this collection, his lyrics was filled with longing and melancholy, then the "burning buildings" opened Balmont on the other hand - "solar" and cheerful notes appeared in the work.

Returning to Russia in 1913, he published a 10-Tomny complete writings. It is working on translations and lectures in the country. February Revolution Balmont perceived enthusiassed as the whole Russian intelligentsia. But soon came to the horror of the ongoing anarchy in the country.

When started October RevolutionHe was in St. Petersburg, according to him, it was a "hurricane of madness" and "chaos". In 1920, the poet moved to Moscow, but soon because of the weak health of the spouse and daughter moved to France with them. In Russia, he no longer returned.

In 1923, Balmont issued two autobiographies - "Under the new Sherp" and "Air Way". Until the first half of the 1930s, he drove all over Europe, his speeches had success. But here the Russian diaspora has not enjoyed recognition.

The sunset of his creativity fell in 1937, then he published his last collection of poems "Light Service."

Personal life

In 1889, Konstantin Balmont married the daughter of Ivanovo-Voznesensky merchant - Larisa Mikhailovna Malina. I introduced their mother, but when he announced his intention to marry, spoke out against this marriage. Konstantin showed his inflexibility and even went for his beloved for a gap with his family.

Konstantin Balmont and his first wife Larisa Gallin

As it turned out, his young spouse was prone to unjustified jealousy. They always quarreled, the woman did not support him in any literary, nor in revolutionary endeavors. Some researchers note that it was she who added Balmont to the guilt.

On March 13, 1890, the poet decided to suicide - he jumped into a bridge from the third floor of his own apartment. But the attempt failed - he lay down in bed, and from the injured injuries remained chrome.

In marriage with Larisa, they had two children. Their first child died in infancy, the second - the son of Nikolai - was sick of a nervous disorder. As a result, Konstantin and Larisa diverged, she married a journalist and writer Engeldt.

In 1896, Balmont married the second time. His wife became Ekaterina Alekseevna Andreeva. The girl was from a wealthy family - smart, educated and beautiful. Immediately after the wedding, the lovers went to France. In 1901, they had a daughter Nina. In many ways, they were united by literary activities, together they worked on translations.

Konstantin Balmont and his third wife Elena Tsvetkovskaya

Ekaterina Alekseevna was not a powerful special, but the lifestyle of his spouses dictated. And everything would be fine, if I had not met Balmont in Paris Elena Konstantinovna Tvetkovskaya. The girl was fascinated by the poet, looked like him on God. From now on he lived with his family, then a couple of months left for foreign journeys with Catherine.

His family life was finally confused when the Tsvetkovsky gave birth to Merru's daughter. This event finally tied Constantine to Elena, but at the same time he did not want to divert with Andreva. Sincere torment again led Balmont to suicide. He jumped out of the window, but, as the last time, remained alive.

As a result, he began to live in St. Petersburg with Flower and Mirra and occasionally visited Moscow to Andreva and daughter Nina. Later they immigrated to France. There, Balmont began to meet with Dagmar Shakhovskaya. He did not leave the family, but met with a woman regularly, every day wrote her letters. As a result, she gave birth to him two children - the Son of George and daughter Svetlana.

But in the most difficult years of his life with him, there was still a flowering. She was so predicted that he did not live after his death, went after him.

Death

Having moved to France, he won in Russia. But his health has deteriorated, there were financial problems, so there was no speech about the return. He lived in a cheap apartment with a broken window.

In 1937, the poet discovered a mental illness. From now on, he no longer wrote poems.

On December 23, 1942, he died in the "Russian House" shelter, not far from Paris, in Nyazi-le-Gran. The cause of his death was inflammation of the lungs. The poet in poverty and oblivion.

Bibliography

• 1894 - "Under the Northern Sky (Elegia, Stans, Sonnets)"
• 1895 - "In the vastness of the Mraka"
• 1898 - "Silence. Lyrical poems "
• 1900 - "Last minute buildings. Lyrics of the modern soul "
• 1903 - "We will be like the sun. Character Book »
• 1903 - "Only love. Seiscle
• 1905 - "Liturgy of beauty. Spontaneous hymns »
• 1905 - "Faine fairy tales (children's songs)"
• 1906 - "Evil spells (book of climbing)"
• 1906 - "Poem"
• 1907 - "Avenger Songs"
• 1908 - "Birds in the air (rows of singing)"
• 1909 - "Green Vertograd (words of the kiss)"
• 1917 - "Sonnets of the Sun, Honey and Moon"
• 1920 - "Ranger"
• 1920 - "Seven poems"
• 1922 - "Song of the work hammer"
• 1929 - "Dali (poem about Russia)"
• 1930 - "Summary of Shower"
• 1937 - "Lighthouse"