What does the defectologist develop? What is the difference between a speech therapist and a pathologist?

Several moms are talking on the playground.
“My Misha doesn't speak at all,” says one mom sadly. - Yesterday he was four years old. Guests came, asked him about different things, and he mumbles something to them in his own language. Girls, recommend a good speech therapist, please. And then we already missed all the deadlines.
“No, it’s just that you’ll get a speech therapist here,” the more experienced mother answers. - Here is the real problem. In four years, do not say it very, very seriously. You need not a speech therapist, but a speech therapist-speech pathologist.
- What are you saying ?! - one more mummy was indignant. - Why bother all in one pile? Everyone must do their job! You have a serious problem and you will not manage with one specialist. I would recommend to find a good speech therapist and a good defectologist. Still, they are different specialists.

Have you ever heard such conversations? Did you catch yourself thinking that you are not very aware of the difference between a speech therapist and a pathologist?

I will begin, perhaps, from the very beginning, namely from institutions from which the most part of speech therapists, from institutes and universities.

For example, I studied at the Russian State University named after A.I. Herzen (RSPU them. AI Herzen) at the Faculty of Correctional Pedagogy. By the way, not so long ago he became so called. Previously, it was called much simpler - the defectology faculty (do you already understand where I'm going?). And here on this very defectological faculty they taught four specialties. Someone studied at the department of deafness education, someone at the department of typhoid pedagogy, someone at the department of oligophrenopedagogy, and someone (including me) at the department of speech therapy (I want to stop here, remember Lyudmila Vladimirovna Lopatin and mentally convey her regards and words of gratitude).

Well and, accordingly, at the exit we received a deaf-educator (a specialist who teaches children with hearing impairments), a typhoid teacher (a specialist who teaches children with visual impairments), an oligophrenopedagogue (a specialist who teaches children with intellectual disabilities) and a speech therapist (a specialist who deals with children with speech disorders).

And in general, all these specialists defectologists .

Accordingly, the choice of the teacher depends on what kind of violation in the child is leading. If the main are hearing or vision impairments, then I guarantee you, “specialized” defectologists possess techniques for the development of the speech of their wards. There is even such a saying in our midst that there is no better speech therapist than a deaf-and-dumb pedagogue. If he can teach to speak a hearing impaired child, then what about children with normal hearing.

It is more difficult to determine a child who, in addition to speech disorders, also has intellectual disabilities. It is very important at the initial stage to understand what comes first. A very large percentage of children with intellectual disabilities have speech development delay. And it is easy to explain. After all, speech is the highest mental function. Well developed speech is an indicator of well developed thinking. Therefore, if a child has difficulties in the intellectual sphere, then his speech simply has nothing to "rely on." In this case, your defectologist is an oligofrenopedagog.

And there are children, the psychomotor development of which takes place as a textbook, and the speech is delayed or does not begin at all. In this case, your pathologist is a speech therapist. And you should not be late with classes, since even an intellectually intact child lack speech can lead to a decrease in mental activity.

And now some legislation
There is a single qualification reference. So, from all that I have listed above, it contains only the specialties "speech therapist" and "defectologist." They go under the same number, separated by a comma and the same requirements are imposed on them. The specialty "deaf-and-dumb", "tiflopedagog" and "oligophrenopedagog" does not exist. That is, you will not meet a specialist with such a record in the workbook (do not worry, you will see this record in the diploma). They were all united under the capacious name "defectologist." By the way, there are also speech therapists “recorded” by pathologists (for example, I). Also there is no specialty “speech therapist-defectologist”. So, if someone tells you that he is a speech therapist-defectologist, it means that you have a speech therapist who is tired of proving and explaining something to someone, gave up and called himself the way moms want (joke).

I hope, I was able to bring some clarity to these deeply entangled concepts and you will soon find your defectologist.

Our children are our hope, because the most intimate dreams of each parent are connected with them. That is why moms and dads try to provide their beloved child with everything necessary for proper growth and development. Many parents, whose children need speech correction, are often tormented by the question: “What is the difference between a speech therapist and a pathologist?”

Who are the defectologist and speech therapist

Defectologist   has such specialization as defectology. And this, above all, work with mental and physical disabilities of children. The training program for pathologists includes such fundamentals as neurology and psychiatry, psychology and pedagogy. These specialists study the sciences that may be useful to them in the process of work, namely, deaf-and-dumb and oligophrenopedagogy.
  Unlike the defectologist, speech therapistdeals with ordinary children, without mental retardation and disruption of the central nervous system. He is working on correct pronunciation, on the formulation of sounds and syllables.

The difference between a pathologist and a speech therapist

So, the defectologist deals with problem children who have reduced hearing or diseases of the central nervous system. The defectologist works, above all, on the child’s thinking, on his ways of knowing the world, and more specifically on the attention and perception of speech. Unlike a speech therapist, he does not correct the defects in pronunciation, but only helps the child to express his thoughts. That is, in fact, defectologists do not give a speech, but only struggle with problems caused by mental disorders.
A defectologist can start working with one-year-old children, and a speech therapist starts classes with children from three years of age. Speech therapist corrects and develops speech, puts sounds and pronunciation, while the pathologist deals with the child’s developmental lag caused by various disorders, and helps the child to know the world.
  For example, a speech therapist will not learn colors with a child, he will pronounce their names, striving for the correct pronunciation, while the task of the defectologist is to familiarize the kid with flowers and learn the name of each of them. That is, in essence, a defectologist is a broad-based specialist, while a speech therapist is only responsible for correcting speech disorders.

TheDifference.ru determined that the difference between the pathologist and the speech therapist is as follows:

The defectologist works with problem and sick children, the speech therapist deals exclusively with healthy children.
  The defectologist starts classes with one-year-old children, the speech therapist starts working with children when they reach three years old.
  A defectologist is a specialist with a broad profile, a speech therapist is a narrow specialist.

Consultations, treatment in Volgograd

Record to the defectologist in Volgograd is carried out by phone:
8-904-439-95-37

Defectologist-aphasiologist Tsyn Olga Evgenievna. Recovery and correction of speech after stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurosurgical intervention on the brain.

Who is a defectologist?

A defectologist is a specialist involved in the development, training, and upbringing of “special” children (children with physical and mental disabilities). We are talking about such differences as delayed speech development, psychomotor retardation, mental retardation, autism, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, etc. “Special” children need increased attention from their parents, and professionals who work with them need certain qualifications. These children need an integrated approach to education, behavior correction, and learning. That is why the work of the defectologist is closely related to the areas of work of other specialists: psychology, medicine, pedagogy, etc. The concept of "defect" comes from the Latin word defectus, which means a defect, a disadvantage. In turn, the word “defectology” contains two parts (“defect” and “logic”) - this is a pedagogical science that studies the characteristics of development, training and education of abnormal children. It includes speech therapy, oligophrenopedagogy, surdo-pedagogy and typhoid pedagogy. The study of children with disabilities involved in medicine, pedagogy and psychology. The features of development, education and upbringing of abnormal children began to be actively engaged in the beginning of the 20th century, since only timely diagnostics can help a child with disabilities to develop in much the same way as an ordinary child. A defectologist with the help of special remedial work can achieve a significant compensation — restoration or replacement of a function disturbed in a child.

What are the areas of work of the defectologist?

• Help with uneven development of higher mental functions. (For example, memory is good, but speech is lagging behind in development; thinking is good, and attention is weak.)
• Development problems in a number of diseases: PEP, MMD, ZRR, ZPR, RDA, ADHD (speech disorders, insufficient attention, memory, restlessness, learning difficulties, etc.).
• Problems of school performance due to impaired development in preschool age.
• Help children with impaired mental and physical development.

How is the work of the pathologist?

The work of the pathologist is dominated by such a form of training as individual lessons. This allows you to take into account the individual characteristics of each child, to see only his inherent specific deviations in mental development and to choose effective methodological methods for overcoming and reducing them. A comprehensive survey of the development of higher mental functions is aimed at identifying the level of mastery of the most important activities by the child (subject, play, visual, elementary labor), the development of perception, the ability to perform the simplest mental operations. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the child's speech development, the establishment of its level, the identification of possible violations of the sound pronunciation, the construction of logical and grammatical structures, and phrasal speech.

What are the work methods of the defectologist?

• practical method (looks like a normal lesson with a specific purpose)
• game method (developing, training, educational game activities)
• achievement control method (includes tasks and subsequent control of their implementation). It is especially good at helping children who cannot achieve results in learning, to overcome difficulties and their own laziness.

What are the main areas of defectology?

• speech therapy - the study of various disorders and defects of speech and methods for their correction
• dear pedagogy - education and training of people with hearing impairments
• tiflopedagogika - education and training of people with visual impairments
• blindfly pedagogy - education and training of blind and deaf-and-dumb people
• amblyology - adaptation and social rehabilitation of blind and visually impaired patients
• oligophrenopedagogy - education and training of mentally retarded people and issues of their social rehabilitation