TH vowel. Summary of literacy classes for children of the preparatory to school group "Sound and the letter Y"

Today in class we will talk about the letter, which can be called a cunning traveler. Tricky, because she looks very similar to her neighbor in alphabetical order, and also because her sound can hide well. But a traveler for the reason that in ancient times she appeared in our alphabet, then disappeared, and was not initially considered a letter at all. And only in the last century did it have its permanent place in the alphabet, next to the vowel I. It is the letter Й (And short) and the sound [nd ’]. Sometimes the sound that it designates is also called “yot”. So why in our alphabet needed another letter and? To begin, recall the characteristic sound [and]. The sound [and] the vowel, it stretches, is sung. Now try singing the sound [y ’]. Did not work out? Of course, because it is a short consonant sound. So, in our alphabet, the vowel [and] and consonant [st ’] have a completely different work, so both of us are necessary and important. Today we will talk only about one work of the letter Y.

Let's start with the definition of sound [st ’]. Put your hands on your throat or on your ears and utter the sound of [y ’]. We felt a vibration, so it’s a ringing sound. Now remember one more trick of this sound: the sound [th ’] is only soft, and it does not have a solid pair. So, the sound [st ’] is consonant, sonorous, soft. Now let's practice recognizing this sound in words.

Today we will go to the bird kingdom. Guess the riddle and name the place of the sound in the word: at the beginning of the word, in the middle or at the end.

Chick-tweet!

To grains jump!

Klyuy, do not be shy!

Who is it?

Sparrow   - the sound [st ’] at the end of a word (fig. 1).

Whitebird

Over the sea flies.

The fish will see -

Beak enough.

A seagull is a sound [y ’] in the middle of a word (fig. 2).

Who is without notes and without flute

The best are the trills,

Answer ...

Nightingale   - the sound [st ’] at the end of a word (fig. 3).

Gray bird

Small bird,

Neck you twist always.

Is there a need for this?

Wryneck   - the sound [st ’] in the middle of a word (fig. 4).

Fig. 4. Vertex ()

In the bird's joyful enthusiasm,

Firmly believing in success,

Which bird dives into the sea,

No doubt the best?

Guillemot   - sound [st ’] in the middle of a word (fig. 5).

That is not a rainbow, not a flame!

What kind of bird? Guess!

All day chatting with us

Multicolored ...

Parrot- the sound [st ’] at the end of a word (fig. 6).

I don’t love living,

In the fifth, I get up an hour,

So put cedars beak,

That oak in the deep forest.

Jay   - the sound [st ’] in the middle of a word (fig. 7).

Noise and gam throughout the district,

Birds are torn in fear.

A predator appeared in the sky,

Than to eat, looking for.

Hawk- the sound [st ’] at the beginning of the word: [yastr’ip] (Fig. 8).

We noticed that the sound [y ’] at the beginning of the word met only once. The fact is that in the words of the Russian language this sound is infrequent. There are few words in our language that begin with the letter Y, among them mainly geographical names, but not only. Try to name the words in the letter J.

Iodine baby knows everyone.

Yodom mom smears wounds(pic. 9) .

What dairy product should all children drink? Yogurt (Fig. 10).

Yogi forever will not say: "Oh!"

"Oh, oh, oh!" - Yogi will not shout(fig. 11) .

Young, own yourself!

Old, be as young!

Yorkshire Terrier, or York (Fig. 12).

Fig. 12. Yorkshire Terrier ()

Consider how to spell the letter Y.

Because comma

On her shoulders sitting.

Consider typed letters. What do they remind you of? Letters AI.

The letter Y is called And brief.

Th as in your notebook.

So as not to be confused with AND,

Top tick write.

Jump-jump

And lay diagonally.

H changed inside

It turned out the letter I.

And then over the letter I

The bird flew by

Become a th (and short) letter

Immediately wanted.

What does letter Y look like?

Stood up and under the lantern,

We do not recognize him.

Changed - look

Sneak up on him.

It used to be just And,

And now Y (And short).

Writer Viktor Khmelnitsky invented his story.

Before the letters Y and Y invited each other, but the letter Y always left a stick in the hall, and the letter J could not distinguish it from the soft sign. And when the letter Y came to visit, she left her hat on the hanger, and the hostess confused the guest with the letter I. In the end, they were tired of this confusion. What about tea? And they now drink tea in the garden. The letter Y keeps his wand with him, and the letter J may not take off his hat(fig. 13) .

Fig. 13. The tale of the letters Y and Y

The sound and the letter Y like to answer the question "what?". Let's check. View the picture and tell.

What is a kitten (Fig. 14)?

Auburn, small, funny, soft, etc.

Which backpack (fig. 15)?

School, new, heavy, beautiful, etc.

Fig. 15. School backpack ()

What is a watermelon (Fig. 16)?

Striped, sweet, sugar, tasty, etc.

Read the words: oh oh hey   - d helps express feelings.

Replacing one letter in a word, we get another word: may - Barking - Paradise - Roy - My.

The sound [th ’] is always soft. So, the letter обозначает denotes the sound [th ’], which is always soft, and the vowel And shows the softness of the previous consonant.

Consider the written letters J (Fig. 17, 18).

Look, look,

Pretty girlfriend,

Up what

We are similar!

We have common features

You are like me

And I like you.

We look like chicks.

Maybe we are twins?

Fig. 17. Written and printed letter I ()

Fig. 18. Written and printed letter Y ()

What is the difference? Y th appeared on top of a tick, or a bird.

Practice writing the letter J.

Now let's do this task: listen to the poem and write down all sounds [th ’] in letters J. Hint: how many sounds, so many letters.

Next to my room

And there are lots of friends:

Redhead

Gray,

Striped,

And wingless

And winged,

And hornless

And horned,

And tailless

And the tail ...

How many letters did you get? 9. What kind of animals that live in the forest, you have submitted? Tell that.

And now we will write a small dictation.

Write the letter designating the first sound in the word "Roma".

Write the letter designating the last sound in the word "lazy."

Write the letter designating the second sound in the word "forest".

Write an uppercase letter N.

Write the capital letter of today's lesson.

Fig. 19. Check yourself

Homework

1. Practice writing in capital and small letter Y.

2. Recall and name 5 fairy tales, in the names of which will be the letter J.

3. Compose a little fairy tale about Oh and Ai.

Bibliography

1. Andrianova TM, Ilyukhina V.A. Russian language 1. - M .: Astrel, 2011.

2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. The Russian language 1. M .: Ballas, 2012

3. Agarkova N.G., Agarkov Yu.A. Textbook on teaching literacy and reading: ABC. Academic Book / Textbook, 2014

1. Festival of pedagogical ideas "Open lesson" ()

The letter "th": hard or soft? This question is often asked by students who need to make out a word according to all the rules of phonetics. You will get an answer to it a little further.

General information

Before we talk about what is the letter "d" (soft or hard), you should find out why the letters of the Russian alphabet are generally divided according to such features.

The fact is that each word has its own sound envelope, which consists of individual sounds. It should be noted that the sound of an expression is fully correlated with its value. At the same time, different words and their forms have completely different sound design. And the sounds themselves have no meaning. However, they play a crucial role in the Russian language. After all, thanks to them, we can easily distinguish between words. Let's give an example:

• [house] - [lady '] - [do´ma];
• [m’el] - [m’el ’], [tom] - [there], [home] - [tom].

Transcription

Why do we need information about what the letter "y" is (hard or soft)? During a word, it is very important to correctly display the transcription that describes its sound. In such a system, it is customary to use the following symbols:

This designation is called They are necessarily put to designate transcription.

[´] is the stress. It is placed if the word has more than one syllable.

[b ’] - a kind of comma is placed next to the consonant letter and denotes its softness.

By the way, during the phonetic analysis of words, the following symbol is often used - [j]. As a rule, they are denoted by the sound of the letter “d” (sometimes a symbol such as [st] is also used).

The letter "y": consonant or vowel?

As you know, in Russian, all sounds are divided into consonants and vowels. They are completely differently perceived and pronounced.

• Vowel sounds are those sounds, during the pronunciation of which the air passes freely and freely through the mouth, without encountering any obstacles in its path. Moreover, they can be pulled, with the help of them you can scream. If you put your hand to the throat, then the work of the ligaments (voice) during the pronunciation of vowels can be felt quite easily. There are 6 stressed vowels in Russian, namely: [a], [e], [y], [y], [o] and [i].
• Consonant sounds are those sounds, during the pronunciation of which the air on its way meets an obstacle, namely a bow or a slit. Their appearance determines the nature of the sounds. As a rule, a gap is formed when [s], [br], [3] and [g] are pronounced. At the same time, the tip of the tongue approaches the upper or lower teeth. Presented consonants can be pulled (for example, [WF, W], [3, 3, 3]). As for the bow, such a barrier is formed due to the closure of the organs of speech. The air, or rather its flow, dramatically overcomes it, so that the sounds are energetic and brief. That is why they are called explosive. By the way, it is impossible to draw them (try it yourself: [p], [b], [t], [d]).

In addition to the above consonants, in Russian there are the following: [m], [y], [v], [f], [g], [l], [p], [h], [q], [x] . As you can see, there are many more than vowels.

Deaf and sonorous sounds

In terms of the ratio of voice and noise, consonant sounds can be both voiced and deaf. At the same time, during the pronunciation of voiced one can hear both noise and voice, and the deaf can hear only noise.

By the way, many consonant sounds form themselves between pairs of deafness and voicing: [k] - [g], [b] - [n], [g] - [c], [e] - [t], [f] - [c] and so forth. In total, there are 11 such pairs in Russian. However, there are sounds that do not have pairs on this basis. These include: [st], [p], [n], [l], [m] are unpaired voiced, and [h] and [p] are unpaired deaf.

Soft and hard consonants

As you know, consonants differ not only in voicing or, on the contrary, deafness, but also in softness and hardness. This property is the second most important feature of sounds.

So, the letter "d": hard or soft? To answer this question, each attribute should be considered separately:

• During the pronunciation of soft consonants, the entire tongue moves a little forward, and its middle part rises slightly.
• During the pronunciation of hard consonants, the entire language is literally pulled back.

It should be especially noted that many consonant letters form pairs among themselves according to such characteristics as softness and hardness: [g] - [g ’], [n] - [g’], etc. In total, there are 15 such pairs. However, there are some sounds that do not have pairs on this basis. What kind of letters are hard? These include the following - [w], [w] and [p]. As for unpaired soft, it is [yi ’], [ch’] and [y ’].

Letter designation

Now you know the information that the letter "» "is hard or soft. But here a new question arises: "How is the softness of such sounds indicated in the letter?" For this purpose, completely different methods are used:

• The letters "e", "u", "e", "i" after consonants (not counting "g", "sh", and "q") indicate that these consonants are soft. Let us give an example: dyodya - [d'a'd'a], aunt - [t'o't'a].
• The letter "i", standing after consonants (not counting "g", "sh", and "c") indicates that these consonants are soft. Let us give an example: sweet - [m ',' ’], leaf - [l’ist], not 'tits - [n'i'tk’i].
• The soft sign (“ь”) after consonants (not counting “g” and “sh”) is an indicator of grammatical form. It also suggests that consonants are soft. Examples include: dal - [dal ’], stranded - [m’el’], request - [prozba].

As you can see, the softness of consonant sounds on the letter is not transmitted in separate letters, but by their combinations with the vowels "e", "u", "e", "I", and also For this reason, when phonetic analysis of the word, experts recommend turning their attention to adjacent characters .

As for the vowel "d", it is always soft. In this connection, it is customary to denote it in the transcription as follows: [y ’]. That is, the comma symbol, indicating a soft sound, must always be set. The same rule is subject to [y ’’], [ch ’].

Let's sum up

As you can see, there is nothing difficult in correctly making a phonetic analysis of a word. To do this, you just need to know what vowels and consonants are, deaf and voiced, as well as soft and hard. For a greater understanding of how it is necessary to arrange the transcription, we give several detailed examples.

1. The word "hero." It consists of two syllables, and the second is stressed. Let's make analysis:

g - [g ’] - sonorous, consonant and soft.

e - [i] - unstressed vowel.

p - [p] - sonorous, consonant, unpaired and firm.

o - [o] - shock vowel.

th - [st ’] - sonorous, consonant, unpaired and soft.

Total: 5 letters and 5 sounds.

2. The word "trees". It consists of three syllables, and the second is stressed. Let's make analysis:

d - [d ’] - sonorous, consonant and soft.

e - [i] - unstressed vowel.

p - [p ’] - sonorous, consonant, unpaired and soft.

e - [e´] - stressed vowel.

in - [in ’] - sonorous, consonant and soft

e - [st ’] - sonorous, consonant, unpaired and soft and [e] - vowel, unstressed;

in - [f] - deaf and hard.

Total: 8 letters and 8 sounds.

For many parents who are starting to learn the alphabet with babies, the question arises: how to qualify Y as a vowel or a consonant sound?

Indeed, the sound of H is similar to both, and the other, being in the middle, as it were. Let's try to understand this issue.

Which sound?

And yet, when classifying sounds, it is not quite clear which sound H: a vowel or a consonant.

Immediately it is necessary to answer: neither one nor the other.

Let's try to think.

The sound is not deaf, which can be easily felt by uttering this sound.

It is rather ringing, as pronounced with the participation of voices. However, this is not a vowel sound, since any vowel can be easily sung.

Try to sing the sound Y: you are unlikely to succeed. In this regard, although the voice is involved in the formation of this sound,   he still agrees.

So qualify him in school practice teacher philologists.

However, the sound is not ringing. According to the classification of philologists, consonant sound can be attributed to any of the four groups: deaf, hissing, sonorous or sonorous. Let's talk about the last group of sounds in more detail.

A consonant sonoric sound is between the vowels and consonants, but it is nevertheless designated as a consonant.

There are some sonoric sounds in Russian: H, R, L, Y, M. They can be stretched out in a voice, but they cannot be sung as a vowel sound.

Thus, the sound of Y is consonant sonor.

Another question that may arise is the letter Y, which is: soft or hard.

Most sounds have softness-hardness pairs. Sound TH has no such pair.

He qualifies scientists as always soft.

In the transcription of the word beside him always stands the designation of softness.

Composed of letters

The consonant sonoric sound Y is present in Russian not only in the form of the letter Y, but is also part of the four vowel sounds: E, E, Y, Y. In the letter, of course, it is not indicated in this case, but clearly pronounced when pronounced. Each of these letters is a combination: vowel sound and Y.

If we decompose these letters into components, we get: E = I + E, I = I + I, I = I + Y, I = I + A.

These letters are read as “vowel + Y” only in strictly defined cases: after the vowel, b or b. In other cases, they only soften the previous consonant.

Thus, it can be said quite definitely that today's science is not inclined to regard звук sound as a vowel, although it was born from just such a sound.

If we take into account that in Greek there was such a thing as long and short sounds, then the birth in th Church Slavonic writing as a short version And it is quite natural, because the Church Slavonic language was created on the basis of Greek.

In modern language, we classify consonants as consonants, however, we classify them as sonorous ones, as close as possible to vowels. That is how sound knowledge is taught in children and at school. Of course, it is very difficult for a small child to explain what a sonorous sound means. You can simply designate it as a consonant, but for themselves, parents should remember the history of its origin in order to be ready to answer unforeseen questions at any time.

Hello guys!

So today we talk about letter Y short and sound [st] .

In the first class you have already met letter and short . This letter is very similar to the letter I, They differ only in that above the letter J there is a superscript sign - as if a small smile. But the sound [And] we can pull for a long time: and-and-and-and. And even to sing: and-and-and-and. At the same time, the sound freely comes out of the mouth, without encountering any obstacle. You remember that we denote the sound in square brackets? But try to pull the sound [st]. The tongue immediately rises, blocking the passage, and the sound is short. That is why, despite the resemblance, we say that [and] - vowel sound , but [st] - consonant .

At the same time, when we pronounce soft consonant sounds, our tongue rises slightly to the upper palate. If in doubt, check. Try to say, for example, the sound [K] is firm, and then soft. [K - K /]. Or any other consonant letter, and watch your tongue. - [t] - [t /], [l] - [l /], [p] - [p /]. Now let's try to pronounce the sound [nd]. [TH] - [TH] ... Feel that the tongue rose? It's because the consonant sound [s] is soft.

Well, now let's try to pronounce this sound loudly, loudly. [Th]! Happened? So sound [st] - ringing . Does the sound have a pair? For example, sound [B] has a pair of soft [B /], and each of them has a pair of deaf - [P] And [P /]. Well, could not find a pair of sound [nd]? Of course, sound [st] unpaired   Neither on voiced-deafness, nor on hardness-softness.

So, we proved that sound [st] consonant, soft, sonorous, unpaired .

And now let's play the One-to-Many game with you. I say a word denoting one thing, and you say the same word denoting "many."

Fight - fighting, hero - heroes, museum - museums, lazy - lazy, loaf - loaves. What has changed the words, turning one object into many objects? Just the letter Y was replaced with the letter I. But this is not all. Now we will try divide our words into syllables.

Fight - 1 syllable, bo-and - 2 syllables. Hero - 2 syllables, ge-ro-i - 3 syllables. Mu-Zei - 2 syllables, Mu-Ze-i - 3 syllables. Len-tyay– 2 syllables, len-tya-i - 3 syllables. Ka-ra-vai - 3 syllables, ka-ra-va-i - 4 syllables.

As so, the word seems to be the same, and the number of syllables is different. And the fact is that the letter I is a vowel. She, like all vowels, forms new syllables. But, as we have already proved, the letter Th short - consonant, so syllable it cannot form.

Sometimes the whole word does not fit on the line. Add it to the fields or, even funny, on another page is impossible. What to do? Well, of course, move part of the word to another line. How are the words with the letter Y transferred?

Look again at the words with the letter Y. Have you noticed that the letter J is almost always written after the vowel? When transferring, we will never tear it from this vowel.. After all, they are so friendly with each other - the vowel, and the letter Y. H.-roy, who stands after her, muse, ka-ra-vai.

And even if the Short is in the middle of a word, as in the words nut, husky, hare, we still And we will not take a short one from the previous vowel. Guy, kay, kay, zay.

Sometimes the letter J can stand not after, but before a vowel, for example, mayonnaise, fireworks. Or even at the beginning of the word - iodine, yogurt.

And they all came to the Russian language from other languages ​​- French, English, German, and others. Writing these words is necessary check with the dictionary   and memorize .

And remember, I said that the letter Y short loves to play hide and seek? What do you think, when we do not see the letter J, but we hear the sound [nd]? Well, of course, when we call the letters I, E, E, Y and in the words in which these letters appear at the beginning of a word or after vowels. For example, the yacht [st / aht], raccoon [st / enot], tree, skirt [st / pack], lighthouse [may / ak]. See how cleverly the sound [s] hid in the letters I, E, E, Yu?

* Letter th   denotes the sound [s]. He is willing, soft, sonorous, unpaired.

* Letter th   does not form a syllable (forest, gull).

* When transferred, TH does not break away from the vowel in front of (standing, ley).

* More often letter Y   written in the middle or at the end of a word after a vowel, but sometimes in words that come to us from other languages, it may appear at the beginning of a word or in front of a vowel.

There are quite a few words in “Y”:

Yogurt, iodine, and the word yoga.

York, Yorkshire, Yoshkar-Ola ...

Few of them, my friends.

And now I say goodbye to you guys. Until new meetings.