Simple verbal predicate. Complicated forms. Predicate. Simple verbal predicate uncomplicated and complicated Complicated compound verbal predicate

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which usually agrees with the subject (in number, person or gender) and has a meaning expressed in questions: what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is he? what is he? who is he?

Examples of the predicate and the most common ways of expressing it:

coming rain(what does the subject do? the predicate is expressed by the conjugated verb).

To him boring (what happens to him? the predicate is expressed by a predicative adverb - the category of state).

He great (what is he? the predicate is expressed by a short adjective).

Alexei - teacher (who is he? the predicate is expressed by an animated noun).

Baikal is huge lake (what is he? the predicate is expressed by an inanimate noun).

Types of predicates:

1. Simple verbal predicate.
2. Compound verb predicate.
3. Compound nominal predicate.

Simple verb predicate

A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by one verb in the form of some mood (indicative mood; conditional mood, imperative mood):

Coming gloomy morning (indicative mood, present tense).
It has come gloomy morning(indicative mood, past tense).

Sergey will do to the theater school(indicative mood, future tense).
He gladly would leave to the village(conditional mood).
write down homework(imperative mood).

Other ways to express a simple verbal predicate:

1. Infinitive: Live - homeland serve.

2. Interjectional verb forms (truncated forms of a verb like bam, grab, jump): Each friend is quiet here sense girlfriend.

3. Phraseological turnover with the main word - a verb in conjugated form: Team won in the championship. He again fool around.

Other examples: touched a nerve, lost patience, got into a mess, beats the buckets, fell into doubt, dances to someone else's tune, came to the conclusion, became indignant, walks shaking, takes part, sharpens his folly, is an eyesore, raised the alarm, stabbed to death without a knife, sucked from the finger, ordered to live long, put his teeth on the shelf, out of his mind, doused with contempt etc.

4. Verb in conjugated form + modal particle (yes, let, let, come on, come on, it was, as if, as if, as if, as if, exactly, hardly, almost, just, etc.):

Let's I I will go with you.
Let him leave with Father.
Yes, they will dream you have sweet dreams.
He was gone to the door, but suddenly has stopped.
In the room as if it smelled cinder.
He as if dumbfounded from fear.
He nearly died with grief.
He just didn't tumble trying to make the audience laugh.
He almost freaked out from happiness.

The following ways of expressing a simple verbal predicate require special attention:

1. Complex future tense form ( I will write; will sing etc.) is a simple verbal predicate.

2. FROM exactly, as if, as if, exactly, as if with the predicate - modal particles, not comparative conjunctions, so a comma is not placed in front of them (subject and predicate are never separated by a comma!).

3. modal particle It was denotes an action that began, but did not take place due to any reasons, unforeseen circumstances, and commas (unlike introductory words happens, happened with the value of regular repetition of action) is not highlighted. Wed: He was gone to the door, but suddenly stopped(part of the predicate) . - He , it used to be did not show up in the village for weeks(introductory word).

4. To distinguish a simple verbal predicate expressed by a phraseological unit from a compound nominal predicate, one should remember:

a) phraseologism can often be replaced with one word:

win a victory— win; matter— to mean; give a promise— promise; to give an order— order and etc.;

b) in a simple verbal predicate-phraseological unit, the verb cannot be replaced by a bunch to be, but in a compound nominal predicate - you can. Wed: He hung up his nose (can't say: He was the nose; She is sat tired — She is was tired ( compound nominal predicate) ; He born happy — He was happy ( compound nominal predicate).

In speech (especially colloquial) there may be various kinds of complicated simple verbal predicates.

Complicated simple verb predicate is a combination of two verbs or a combination of a verb with different particles.

The most common among them are the following:

1) a combination of two verb forms with a particle So(Made me feel so good ! );

2) verb combination go with another verb in the same form ( I'll go and call mom);

3) verb combination take with another verb in the same form in conjunction with particles yes, yes and, and (I'll take here and leave tomorrow to the village; I'll take it and leave- is not homogeneous predicates, and one complicated predicate);

4) combination of a verb with particles yes how, know (to yourself), well, so, to yourself (And Ivanushka know yourself hold on ; I so she screamed );

5) a combination of a verb with a single-root form of an adverbial type ( He is her eats; She is revmya roars );

6) a combination of two single-root verbs and a particle not between them, with the modal impossibility value: We can't wait spring; Breathe not inhale wonderful mountain air;

7) combination of the infinitive with the personal form of the same verb, which is preceded by a particle not, to enhance negative value predicate: Myself work does not work , and interferes with others;

8) turnover combination only u do that followed by a verb in the same form to indicate the intensity of the action: He only does what he draws ;

9) repetition of the predicate to indicate the duration of the action: I'm going, I'm going in an open field.

Additionally:

Source:

• Chapter "Complicated verbal predicate" in the manual Valgina N.S. "Modern Russian language"
• Chapter "Predicate. Simple verbal predicate "in the manual Balashova L.V., Dementieva V.V. "Russian language course"

Additionally on Guenon:

Complicated forms are characteristic of both simple and compound verbal predicates.

1. Forms of a simple verbal predicate can be complicated by particles or repetitions: And he, a hare, will have a heart that will roll! (S.-SH.); Rodion Potapych lived alive at his mine (M.-S.). The complicating element does not change the real meaning of the predicate, the meanings or shades introduced by it are of an abstract modal-expressive nature: assessments of the mode of action or the speaker's attitude to action. The elimination of a particle or repetition does not destroy the predicate - only the additional meaning is lost (cf .: The hare's heart will roll; Rodion Potapych lived in his mine) ".

The particles complicating the predicate are numerous and varied in meaning. A particle to yourself (know to yourself) expresses a shade of inflexibility of action, indicates its flow in spite of obstacles: A dried vobla looks at itself, without blinking, at human delusions and throws stones at itself (S.-Shch.). A similar meaning can be expressed by a particle like this: Doctor Voznesensky never came to tea at four o'clock (S.-Ts.). But most often this particle indicates the completeness, intensity or duration of the action: Both hares died (S.-Shch.). .

Repetition as a formal means of complicating the predicate consists in connecting two identical conjugated forms of the same verb or conjugated form and infinitive, as well as a conjugated form with a single-root adverb in -th, -mya (they shout with a cry, roar with a roar, etc.). The repetition in the form of doubling the conjugated forms of the verb introduces a shade of duration, the fullness of the action: The shoemaker fought, fought, and, finally, grabbed his mind (Krylov). The combination of an infinitive with a single-root conjugated form has an additional shade of concession or doubt about the appropriateness of the action: Mityunka adopted this attitude, but no, no, and he will come up with his own way (Bazhov); I remember, but what's the point? [Ibid., 315].

2. In complicated forms of CGS, not one, but two grammatical meanings of a phase or modal type are expressed. This means that in addition to the main, real infinitive component, the compound form includes at least two auxiliary units. A complicated form of a compound verbal predicate: the auxiliary component is complicated, the real meaning of the predicate is not affected. Wed: continued to work - wanted to continue working, was ready to continue working, expressed a desire to continue working. The complication lies in the fact that the auxiliary component has indicators of two or more particular meanings - modal and phase, and its structure duplicates the structure of the compound verb predicate as a whole: The next morning, Akulina wanted to try and write (Pushkin); Shubin wanted to start working, but the clay crumbled (Turgenev). It is possible to combine several values. At the same time, the structure of the auxiliary component becomes more complicated, but it can include only one conjugated form, all other verbs are used in the infinitive: I could not decide to continue working, I had to be ready to continue working, I had to stop trying to work. The complicated form of the compound verbal predicate remains two-component (the main component is the full-valued verb to work).

Unlike P. A. Lekant, V. V. Babaitseva, I. P. Raspopov considers these constructions to be a union of two predicates - the main and the secondary.

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which usually agrees with the subject (in number, person or gender) and has the meaning expressed in questions: what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is he? what is he? who is he?

The predicate expresses grammatical meaning one of the moods (indicative mood - present, past, future tense; conditional mood, imperative mood).

Types of predicates:

1. Simple verb predicate - PGS
2. Compound verbal predicate - GHS
3. Compound nominal predicate - SIS

Ways of expressing a simple verbal predicate

The form	Examples
1. Verb in the form of any mood	A gloomy morning comes. A gloomy morning came. Sergei will enter the theater school. He would gladly go to the countryside. Write down your homework.
2. Independent infinitive	To live - to serve the motherland.
3. Interjectional verbal forms (truncated forms of the verb like bam, grab, jump)	Each friend here quietly understands a friend.
4. Phraseological turnover with the main word - a verb in conjugated form	The team won the championship. He's chasing the loafer again.
5. Conjugated verb + modal particle ( yes, let, let, let's, let's, it was like, like, like, like, exactly, hardly, almost, just and etc.)	Let me go with you. Let him go with his father. May you have sweet dreams. He started to walk towards the door, but suddenly stopped. In the room as if it smelled cinder. He as if dumbfounded from fear. He nearly died of grief. He just didn't tumble trying to make the audience laugh. He almost freaked out from happiness.

Note!

1) Complex future tense form ( I will write; will sing etc.) is a simple verbal predicate;

2) as if, as if, as if, exactly, as if with the predicate - modal particles, not comparative conjunctions, therefore, a comma is not placed in front of them (the subject and the predicate are never separated by a comma!);

3) the modal particle was denotes an action that began, but did not take place due to any reasons, unforeseen circumstances, and commas (unlike introductory words, it happens, it happened with the meaning of regular repetition of the action) is not highlighted.

Wed: He used to not show up in the village for weeks.;

4) in order to distinguish a simple verbal predicate, expressed by a phraseological unit, from a compound nominal predicate, one should remember:

a) phraseologism can often be replaced with one word:

win - win; to have meaning - to mean; make a promise - promise; to give an order - to order and etc.;

b) in a simple verbal predicate-phraseological unit, the verb cannot be replaced by a bunch to be, but in a compound nominal predicate it can.

Wed: He hung his nose(PGS) - you can not: He was the nose; She sat tired(SIS) - She was tired; He born happy (SIS) - He was happy.

Note. In speech (especially colloquial speech) there can be various kinds of complicated simple verbal predicates with expressive meaning. The most common among them are the following:

1) a combination of two verb forms with a particle like this ( Made me feel so good! );

2) a combination of the verb go with another verb in the same form ( I'll go call my mom);

3) the combination of the verb take with another verb in the same form in conjunction with particles yes, yes and, and ( I'll take it and leave tomorrow for the village; I'll take it and leave- these are not homogeneous predicates (!), but one; and in this case - a particle, not a union);

4) combination of a verb with particles yes how, know (to yourself), well, so, to yourself (And Ivanushka know yourself hold on; I so she screamed );

5) a combination of a verb with a single-root form of an adverbial type ( He eats her; She is roaring).

Plan for parsing a simple verbal predicate

1. Specify the type of predicate.
2. Specify the form of the conjugated verb.

Sample parsing

My business is on the up.

They go uphill- simple verbal predicate; expressed by a verbal phraseological unit in the present tense of the indicative mood.

Forget about everything.

to forget- simple verbal predicate; expressed by the verb in the conditional mood.

Predicate- the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting an action or a sign of what is expressed by the subject. A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by a verb. The verbal predicate, formally likened to the subject, is the form of the verb of any mood, tense and person.

As part of a simple verbal predicate, there may be various modal particles that are usually used in a colloquial style.

A simple verbal predicate is considered complicated if it is expressed by two verbs, of which one is lexically incomplete, or by two repeated verbs. In the composition of such predicates, various particles are often used.

Complicated predicates have different shades of meaning. They indicate, for example:

on the action and its purpose (I’ll go and write);

on the arbitrariness of the action (he took it and came);

on the uncertainty of the action (shoot does not shoot);

On the impossibility of carrying out the action (we can’t wait);

On the completeness of the action, redundancy (eat so eat);

· on the tension and duration of the action (look, you can’t see enough, you can’t drag it, don’t drag it), etc.

Compound verb predicate.

Compound predicates- these are predicates in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning (time and mood) are expressed different words. The lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and the grammatical meaning (time and mood) is expressed in the auxiliary part.

Wed: He sang(PGS). - He started to sing(GHS); He was sick for two months(PGS). - He was sick for two months(SIS).

Compound Verbal Predicate (CGS) consists of two parts:

a) auxiliary part(verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (tense and mood)

b) main part(indefinite form of the verb - infinitive) expresses lexical meaning.

GHS = auxiliary verb + infinitive

For example: I started to sing; I want to sing; I'm afraid to sing.

However, not every combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verbal predicate! In order for such a combination to be a compound verbal predicate, two conditions must be met:

1. The auxiliary verb must be lexically ambiguous, that is, it alone (without the infinitive) is not enough to understand what the sentence is about.

1. I started- what to do?; I want- what to do?. If in the combination “verb + infinitive” the verb is significant, then it alone is a simple verbal predicate, and the infinitive is a secondary member of the sentence.

She sat down(for what purpose?) relax.

1. The action of the infinitive must refer to the subject (this is the subject infinitive). If the action of the infinitive refers to another member of the sentence (objective infinitive), then the infinitive is not part of the predicate, but is a minor member.

1. I want to sing. I want to sing- compound verb predicate (I want - I, sing will- I)

2. I asked her to sing. Requested- simple verbal predicate sing- addition (I asked, she will sing).

Compound nominal predicate. The concept of the verb copula; types of verb connectives in Russian. The nominal part of the compound predicate and ways of its expression.

A compound nominal predicate (CIS) consists of two parts:

a) the auxiliary part - the link (the verb in conjugated form) expresses the grammatical meaning (time and mood); b) the main part - the nominal part (name, adverb) expresses lexical meaning.

SIS \u003d link + nominal part

For example: He was a doctor; He became a doctor; He was ill; He was sick; He was wounded; He came first.

Linking verb types:

1. Grammatical link - expresses only grammatical meaning (time, mood), has no lexical meaning. Verbs to be, to be. In the present tense, the connective to be is usually in the zero form ("zero connective"): the absence of a connective indicates the present tense of the indicative mood. He was a doctor . He will be a doctor . He doctor . He was sick . He will be sick . He sick . He is sick . Lyrics there is the highest manifestation art.

2. Semi-notional copula - not only expresses the grammatical meaning, but also introduces additional shades into the lexical meaning of the predicate, but cannot be an independent predicate (in that meaning).

a) occurrence or development of a trait: become, become, become, become;

b) preservation of the feature: stay;

c) manifestation, detection of a sign: to be, to be;

d) evaluation of the feature in terms of reality: to appear, to appear, to appear, to be considered;

e) the name of the feature: to be called, to be called, to be called. He became ill . He stayed sick . He been sick every autumn. He turned out to be sick . He considered sick . He seemed sick . He is sick . He reputed to be sick . Them called sick .

3. Significant link - a verb with a full lexical meaning (one can act as a predicate).

a) Verbs of position in space: sit, lie down, stand;

b) verbs of motion: go, come, return, roam;

c) state verbs: live, work, be born, die. She is sat tired . He left angry . He returned upset . He lived as a hermit . He born happy . He died a hero . Verb to be can act as an independent simple verbal predicate in sentences with the meaning of being or having:

Him It was three sons; Him It was much money.

Verbs become, become, become etc. can also be independent simple verbal predicates, but in a different meaning:

He turned out to be downtown; He became near the wall.

The most difficult to analyze are compound nominal predicates with a significant copula, because usually such verbs are independent predicates. If the verb becomes a copula, then its meaning is less important than the meaning of the name associated with the verb ( He sat tired; more important is that he was tired, not that he sitting, not stood or lay).

For the combination "significant verb + name" to be a compound nominal predicate, the following conditions must be met:

1. the significant verb can be replaced by the grammatical connective be:

He sitting tired - He was tired ; He born happy - He was happy ; He came first - He was the first ;

1. the link can be made null:

He sitting tired - He tired ; He born happy - He happy ; He came first - He the first .

If the verb has dependent forms of the full adjective, participle, ordinal number (answers the question which?), then it is always a compound nominal predicate ( sat tired, left upset, came first). The parts of such a compound nominal predicate are not separated by commas!

Ways of expressing the nominal part:

1. Noun:

A noun in the nominative or instrumental case ( He's mine brother . He was mine brother .);

A noun in the indirect case with or without a preposition ( Navigator was in oblivion . I penniless . This house - Meshkov .);

A whole phrase with the main word - a noun in the genitive case (with the meaning of a qualitative assessment) ( son-in-law was a silent breed . This girl tall .)

2. Adjective:

short adjective( He oars . He became cheerful .);

Full adjective in the nominative or instrumental case( He happy . He became cheerful .);

Adjective in comparative or superlative degree ( Here the sound of music were more audible . You the best .)

3. Participle:

Short participle ( He injured . glass were broken .);

Full participles in the nominative or instrumental case ( glass were broken . glass were broken .);

A pronoun or a whole phrase with the main word a pronoun ( All fish- your . it something new .);

The numeral in the nominative or instrumental case ( Their hut - third on the edge. Their hut was the third on the edge.);

4. Adverb( I was alert . His daughter married for my brother).

One-part sentences are those sentences that have one grammatical composition. Predicativity in one-part sentences is expressed in one main member, which is its only organizing center. This main member not only names a certain object, phenomenon or action, but also expresses an attitude towards reality. The second composition in such sentences either cannot be at all, or formally it could be, but its absence does not create incompleteness, but is a structural feature of these sentences.

One-part sentences can be common and non-common, depending on whether the main member is explained with additional words or not. Definitely personal suggestions

Definitely-personal sentences are called, the main member of which is expressed in the form of the verb of the first or second person of the present and future tenses. The verb in this case does not need a pronoun, since its form contains an indication of a well-defined person. A verb in a definite-personal sentence can be in the form of both indicative and imperative.

Indefinitely personal sentences are called such one-part sentences in which the main member is expressed by the verb in the form of the 3rd person plural of the present and future tenses or in the plural of the past tense and denotes an action performed by indefinite, i.e. unidentified persons.

Generalized personal sentences

Generalized-personal sentences are called one-part sentences, the main member of which is expressed by the verb of the 2nd person singular (present and future tense), and the action denoted by the verb in such sentences applies equally to any person, i.e. the subject of action is conceived in a generalized way. The main purpose of generalized personal sentences is a figurative expression of general judgments, large generalizations, which is why they are so widely represented in folk proverbs.

The concept of a sentence member. The grammatical basis of the sentence. The concept of the main and secondary members of the proposal. The subject and ways of expressing it. Features of the syntactic connection of the main members of the sentence with each other.

Structural types of sentences: segmented and non-segmented, simple and complex, one-part and two-part, common and not common, complicated and uncomplicated, complete and incomplete.

An uncommon sentence is a sentence that has only the positions of the main members - the subject and the predicate, for example: Several years have passed (P.); It was noon (Shol.); It began to get light (Prishv.); Silence. Hum (Cat.). Such sentences represent a structural minimum and include only a predicative stem.

Sentences that, along with the main ones, have the positions of minor members are called common, for example: Meanwhile, the sun rose quite high. Again, the clear, as if swept, without clouds, the sky shone with pale blue (B. Paul); At noon, Razmetnov came home to have lunch and through the gate door he saw pigeons near the threshold of the hut (Shol.); In every spiritually developed person, the outlines of his homeland are repeated and live (Spread).

A sentence is considered two-part if its predicative core is represented by two positions - subject and predicate, and one-part if the structure of the sentence involves only one position of the main member.

in complete sentences, all the necessary formal links of a given structure are verbally represented, and in incomplete sentences, certain positions of this structure turn out to be unsubstituted. The latter can be caused different reasons: context, speech situation, general experience of speakers. Incomplete sentences in their communicative significance are no different from complete ones, they are quite understandable. However, they are characterized by the formal lack of expression of some components. Ahead is a deserted September day

A simple sentence has one predicative center organizing it and thus contains one predicative unit. For example: The morning was fresh and beautiful (L.); From the station to the pier I had to go through the whole town (Paust.); Lopatin, from afar, saw the black jackets of sailors (Sim.).

A complex sentence consists of two or more predicative units combined in meaning and grammatically. Each part of a complex sentence has its own grammatical compositions.

Although the parts of a complex sentence are structurally similar to simple sentences (they are sometimes called conventionally), they cannot exist outside the complex sentence, i.e. outside this grammatical association, as independent communicative units. This is especially clear in a complex sentence with dependent parts. For example, in the sentence I don’t know how it happened that we are still unfamiliar with you (L.), none of the existing three parts can exist as a separate independent sentence, each of them requires explanation. As analogues of simple sentences, parts of a complex one, when combined, can undergo structural changes, i.e. they can take on a form that is not characteristic of a simple sentence, although at the same time these parts have their own predicativeness. Simple sentences First of all, they are characterized by syntactic articulation or non-segmentation and, accordingly, are divided into articulating (having sentence members) and indivisible (sentences that lack the ability to distinguish sentence members in their composition)

Words and phrases that are related grammatically and in meaning are called proposal members.

The members of the proposal are divided into main and secondary.

Main members - subject and predicate, secondary - definition, addition, circumstance. Secondary members serve to explain the main ones and may have minor members explaining them.

The main members of the sentence form the grammatical basis of the sentence. A sentence containing both main members is called two-part. A sentence that has one of the main members is called one-piece. Wed: The sky darkened in the distance - It got dark.

A sentence can have one grammatical basis ( simple sentence) or several grammatical stems ( difficult sentence ). Wed: They were late because of the heavy rain - They were late because it was raining heavily.

Subject- this is the main member of a two-part sentence; which names what the sentence is talking about.

This part of the sentence can be either a single word or a phrase.

Subject - one word:

1) words of different parts of speech in the objective meaning:

- noun in I. p .:

It's raining.

- noun pronoun in I. p .:

I like autumn.

- adjective in the function of a noun (substantiated) in I. p .:

The bearded man looked back.

- participle in the function of a noun (substantiated) in I. p .:

The seated man lifted his head.

- adverb:

I'm tired of your tomorrows.

- interjection:

"Ay" resounded through the forest.

2) quantitative numbers in quantitative (non-objective) meaning:

Ten is not divisible by three.

3) infinitive with the meaning of action or state: Learning is a must.

The location of the subject, expressed by the infinitive, is not fixed in the sentence (for example, behind the absolute beginning of the sentence); compare: The right thing to do is to learn. If in a sentence one of the main members is expressed by a noun in I. p., and the other by an infinitive, then the infinitive will act as a subject.

4) a word of any part of speech in any grammatical form, if in the sentence it is judged as a language unit: Go - imperative form of the verb; Do not – negative particle.

Subject - phrase:

1. Subject - phraseologically free, but syntactically related phrase:

1) structure design A with B(I. p. noun (pronoun) + With+ Etc. another noun) with the meaning of compatibility, if the predicate is in plural. including:

Brother and sister returned separately- cf.: Mother and child went to the doctor.

2) a word with a quantitative meaning (quant. numeral, noun, adverb) + noun. in R. p .:

Three years have passed.

A bunch of things piled up in the corner.

I have a lot of work.

3) when designating an approximate amount, the subject can be expressed by a phrase without I. p .:

About / up to a thousand people fit in this hall.

Between five and ten percent of students pass the session ahead of schedule.

4) structure design A from B(the word of the nominal part of speech in I. p. + from+ noun in R. p.) with an emphasis:

Any of them could do it.

Three of the graduates received gold medals.

The smartest of the students could not solve this problem.

5) infinitive + infinitive / name (the volume of such a subject coincides with the volume of a compound verb or compound nominal predicate - see below):

Being literate is prestigious.

It is natural to want to become literate.

2. Subject - phraseological unit:

Getting hysterical out of the blue was his favorite pastime.

He has golden hands.

Predicate- the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting an action or sign of what is expressed by the subject. A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by a verb. The verbal predicate, formally likened to the subject, is the form of the verb of any mood, tense and person. For example: I am writing these lines in the village (Sol.); The second apple tree stood on level ground in the middle of a clearing (Sol.); Let's stay one more day! (Ch.); Look after him, do not indulge too much, and do not exact very strictly (Gonch.); Molchalin would hardly have bored you if you had agreed briefly with him (Gr.). As part of a simple verbal predicate, there can be various modal particles that are usually used in a colloquial style: I would go to sleep and give rest to the guest (B. Pol.); Aunt Katya did not want to go and how she would cry (A.N.T.); She seemed to love me (L.T.); A simple verbal predicate is considered complicated if it is expressed by two verbs, of which one is lexically incomplete, or by two repeated verbs. In the composition of such predicates, various particles are often used. Examples: You take it, but you don’t put it in place (Ch.); When did you plow? (Shol.); Be brave, don't be brave, but you won't be braver than the world (Lesk.); Yermoshka, go and sit next to me (Lesk.); Dressed-shod like all people (Pan.); I lie to myself, I lie down, lie down (T.); Here he waits, waits, and the tail only freezes more (Kr.); But now he took one eye shut... (A. Ostr.); No, I'll go and tell Levinson that I don't want to ride such a horse (Fad.); She took it and stopped talking to her (Lesk.); I came not to play riddles, but to say, so say everything (Lesk.). Complicated predicates have different shades of meaning. They indicate, for example: the action and its purpose (I'll go and write); on the arbitrariness of the action (he took it and came); on the uncertainty of the action (shoot does not shoot); the impossibility of carrying out the action (we can’t wait); on the completeness of the action, redundancy (eat so eat); on the intensity and duration of the action (you can’t look enough, you can’t drag it around), etc.