What a preschooler should be able to do before dividing into syllables. We teach children to divide words into syllables educational-methodical material on speech therapy (senior, preparatory group) on the topic Word and syllable division of words into syllables

The problem of dividing words into syllables in Russian is one of the most difficult in modern linguistics and not fully resolved. This is due to the lack of a unified understanding of the essence of the syllable. The impossibility of fixing the signs of a syllable as a whole, the phonetic lack of expression of the border between syllables leads some linguists to the idea that the syllable section does not exist in the Russian language at all.

There are now two main theories of syllables: R. I. Avanesova (Moscow phonological school) and L. V. Shcherba (Leningrad phonological school). The division into syllables in these two theories is somewhat different. The Leningrad school divides into syllables the way a Soviet citizen is accustomed to hearing and how they used to be taught in all Russian schools (and therefore its rules are popularly called "old"), and the Moscow one is completely different ("new rules").

But since at the moment none of these schools has refuted the other, in different textbooks the syllabus division rules can be formulated in different ways, depending on the position of which phonological school the author of the textbook shares.

If earlier we divided words into syllables and transferred these words according to the same rule, we adhered to Shcherba's theory. In Avanesov's theory, these processes are governed by 2 different rules and division of a word into syllables often does not coincide with division into parts of a word (prefix, root, suffix, ending) and division of a word for transfer. So, the word cat should be divided into syllables according to Shcherba's theory as follows: cat, according to Avanesov's theory, so: ko-shka.

For example, the word calculated divided into morphemes calculated(ras - prefix, count - root; a, nn - suffixes; th - ending).

The same word, when transferred, is divided as follows: calculated.

According to Avanesov, the word is divided into syllables as follows: calculated.

"Old" rules of division into syllables. Leningrad school Shcherba L.V

1. Words are divided into syllables. There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels in it.

2. The sound d does not form a syllable, it cannot be torn from the preceding vowel. Example: Lei, May, Sing, Build.

3. It is impossible to separate the letters ь and ъ from the preceding consonant. Example: sit down, strong, wing-tso, drive-up.

4. It is impossible to separate the consonant from the following vowel. It is necessary to divide words into syllables like this: kartin-ka, re-bya-ta, ka-lit-ka, la-ger.

5. If there are 2 consonants in a row in a word, the syllable section goes between them. If there are more than 2 consonants in a row, the syllable section actually goes as it is more convenient to pronounce. Examples: feast day, sun.

"New" rules for dividing words into syllables in the Russian language (Moscow school. Litnevskaya E. I. Russian language: A short theoretical course for schoolchildren. M., 2006)

1. There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels; two vowels cannot be within the same syllable.

A syllable is one sound or several sounds uttered by one exhalation push of air: water, na-u-ka. Consonant sounds are non-syllable. When pronouncing the word, consonants "stretch" to the vowels, forming a syllable together with the vowels.

2. A syllable can consist of one sound (and then it is necessarily a vowel) or several sounds (in this case, in a syllable, in addition to a vowel, there is a consonant or a group of consonants): rim - o-bo-dock; country - country; night light - no-chnik; miniature - mi-no-a-tu-ra.

3. Syllables are open and closed.

An open syllable ends in a vowel sound: water, country.

A closed syllable ends in a consonant sound: sleep, lay-ner.

There are more open syllables in Russian. Closed syllables usually observed at the end of a word: no-chnik (the first syllable is open, the second is closed), o-bo-dock (the first two syllables are open, the third is closed).

In the middle of a word, a syllable, as a rule, ends in a vowel sound, and a consonant or a group of consonants standing after a vowel usually goes to the next syllable: nochnik, dictor.

In the middle of a word, closed syllables can form only unpaired voiced consonants [y], [p], [p '], [l], [l'], [m], [m '], [n], [n'] (sonorous): May-ka, Sonya-ka, co-scrap.

4. Sometimes in a word two consonants can be written, but one can sound, for example: to get rid of [izh: yt ’]. Therefore, in this case, two syllables stand out: and-live. Division into parts from-live follows the rules of word transfer, and not division into syllables.

The same can be seen on the example of the verb to leave, in which the combination of consonants zzh sounds like one sound [w:]; therefore, the division into syllables will be - y-e-squeeze, and the division of the word for transfer will be gone.

Especially often mistakes are observed when highlighting syllables in forms of verbs ending in -sat, -sat. The division twist-Xia, press-Xia is division into parts for transfer, and not division into syllables, since in such forms the combination of letters ts, ts sounds like one sound [ts]. When dividing into syllables, the combinations of letters ts, ts completely go to the next syllable: wiggle, squeeze.

5. When combining several consonants in the middle of a word:

Two identical consonants necessarily go to the next syllable: o-ttech, da-n;

Two or more consonants usually go to the next syllable: sha-pka, equal.
The exception is consonant combinations, in which the first is an unpaired voiced (sonorous): letters r, ry, l, l, m, m, n, n: mark, dawn, bul-ka, insole, dam- ka, ban-ka, bath-ka. That is, if a consonant paired in voicelessness / voicedness follows a sonorant consonant, the border of syllables passes between them. Example: Spar-tock.

If any other consonant follows after y, the border of syllables passes between them: la-ka, lai-ner.

To summarize the rule more clearly:

Words are "cut" into syllables after each vowel. There are as many vowels as there are syllables.

BUT: if after the vowel are p, pb, l, l, m, m, n, nb and behind them there is also a paired consonant, they (sonorous and sonorous with b) depart to the previous syllable; if there is any other consonant after q, q goes to the previous syllable.

If these consonants are 2 identical (nn, mm, ll ..., 2 any sonorant, paired, first paired then unpaired), they go to the next syllable.

In order not to get confused, brush up on the transfer rules in your head >>

How to determine how many syllables are in a word? There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels

Examples of words with one syllable: sound, wolf, class, goose, hedgehog, elephant, beetle, spruce, beast, snake, table, mushroom, leaf, door, chair, house, elk, speech, stump, bison, cat, edge.
Examples of words with two syllables: answer, vowel, bear, pit, stork, lesson, language, hare, hares, anchor, hedgehog, autumn, whirligig, nut, snake, fox, hawk, friends, kettle, squirrel, wasp, long, blow, Russian, window, Jura, watermelon, seagull, iron, willow, tree, notebook, carrot, fire, duck, skates, ear, school, bee, fly, June, box, blizzard, hoarfrost, boy, glass, days, fairy tale, blizzard, Julia, Yasha, deer, sun, family.
Words with 3 syllables: teacher, cucumber, harvest, berry, what, apple, vegetables, sparrow, consonant, parrot, student, percussion, trees, pencil, Maria, alphabet, butterfly, line, pan, Russia, large, recipes, alley, herringbone.
Words with four syllables: monkey, bike, acacia.
Words with 5 syllables: stress, mathematics, literature, white-headed.

Let's practice division into syllables?

How many syllables are in the word SOUND? 1 vowel means 1 syllable sound.

How many syllables are in the word CUCUMBER? 3 vowels means 3 syllables: o | gu | rets, the word is divided into syllables equally according to the "old" and "new" rules.

How many syllables are in the word TEACHER? 3 vowels means 3 syllables: teacher, the word is divided into syllables equally according to the "old" and "new" rules.

How many syllables are in the word ANSWER? 2 vowels means 2 syllables. According to Shcherba's theory, we divide into syllables as an answer, according to Avanesov, the answer.

How many syllables are there in the word VOICE? 2 vowels means 2 syllables. According to Shcherba, we divide the vowel, according to Avanesov, the vowel.

We will be happy to help you divide any word into syllables. Ask your questions in the comments.

When studying phonetics, schoolchildren starting from grade 1 not only characterize sounds, but also divide words into syllables. Dividing words into syllables is somewhat difficult, and now we will figure out how to cope with the task without errors.

What is a syllable

A syllable is an element of a word that we pronounce with one push of air.

The syllabic sound in Russian is a vowel. That is, the syllable must have a vowel sound, and it forms the basis.

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Sometimes, if a word contains three or four consonants side by side and among them there is a sonorous [p] or [l], it takes on a syllabic function: Alexander, meaning. Then we pronounce a word with a slight overtones near the syllabic consonant. But at school, it is not customary to highlight such a syllable.

In addition to the vowel, there may be consonants in the syllable, but they may not be: autumn.

Syllables are open(end in a vowel) and closed(end in a consonant).

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Once in the Russian language there were only open syllables; during the development of the language, a number of vowels disappeared, the number of syllables decreased and some of them became closed.

How to properly divide into syllables

There are two phonological schools: Moscow and Leningrad. They have different rules dividing words into syllables. Most often, school textbooks use the system proposed by R. I. Avanesov (Moscow phonological school). From his point of view, the syllabic section takes place in the place of the greatest difference in sonority. This means that open syllables predominate, because the vowel sound is much more sonorous than almost any consonant. Example: ko-sto-chka, Liu-dmi-la, just.

However, if a vowel is followed by a sonorous (l, m, n, p, d), and then a noisy one, then the difference in sonority between sonorous and noisy turns out to be more than between a vowel and a sonorant, and then the syllable section passes between the sonorous and noisy: space.

Is the division of words into syllables and division for hyphenation the same?

Dividing a word into syllables has to do with phonetic (sound) analysis of a word. We divide the word for transfer, taking into account the division into syllables, but still according to morphemes. That is, the transfer, if possible, runs along the border of the morphemes.

Let's say if the word has a doubled consonant (laugh), when dividing into syllables, the doubled consonant always goes into the next syllable (ra-shri-i-tsya), when transferring, it is supposed to leave one letter on one line, and transfer the other (division for transfer: disassociate). The rule that a word is wrapped in syllables means that a part of a word less than a syllable cannot be left or wrapped on a line.

Syllables are the parts into which the word is divided in the process. oral speech... When we pronounce a word, we get several exhalation puffs of air - this is exactly the pronunciation in syllables: ko-shka. Two pushes of air when exhaling - two syllables: water. 3 pushes of air - three syllables: na-u-ka.

In a word, there are as many syllables as there are sounds from the voice, that is, vowels: leaf - 1 syllable, no-ra - 2 syllables. A syllable can have a very different number of letters, but one must necessarily be a vowel.

A word can have a different number of syllables. There are monosyllabic, two-syllable, three-syllable words and polysyllabic words: leaf (1 syllable), no-ra (two-syllable word), u-e-zzhat (three-syllable).

A syllable can consist of one vowel sound or a combination of a vowel and a consonant: a-ba-zhur. Even one vowel sound is already a syllable. But one consonant is not a syllable. How do you divide a word into syllables? It is important to understand the main principle: if a syllable includes vowel and consonant sounds, then it always begins with a consonant: nochnik, country.

How to split a word into syllables with a concatenation of consonants

How to divide a word into syllables if there are several consonants in the middle next to it? How to break a word into syllables correctly: cat or ko-shka? It is necessary to realize the principle of the so-called greater sonority. It is observed in the second case. From consonant to vowel. First comes a dull sound, then a voiced consonant, and at the end of a vowel - shka. The first syllable ends with a vowel (ko). Such syllables are called open. We have much more of them than those that end with consonants: table, chair (they are called closed syllables).

In the middle of a word, a syllable is usually open, that is, it ends in a vowel sound: country. According to the principle of increasing sonority, all consonants in most cases go to the next syllable: ko-shka.

If several consonants are combined in the middle of a word, then all consonants following the vowel go to the next syllable: o-ttech. These can be the same consonants or simply combinations of different consonants: o-ttech, sha-pka, ko-shka.

Exception to this paragraph: only those syllables in the middle of a word that end in unpaired consonants end in a consonant ringing sounds(they are called very voiced, sonorous): [y], [p], [p '], [l], [l'], [m], [m '], [n], [n']: May -ka, San-ka, man-ka.

If in a word several sounds merge into one sound, then they all go to one syllable: zhu-zhzh (F) at, distracted (CA). In these cases, division into syllables and morphemic division for transferring a word should not be confused: for example, we divide o-ttech by syllables, the same word for transfer is divided like this - ot-flow.

Why be able to divide a word into syllables

The selection of syllables is important for the correct transfer of words, the syllable principle is the main one in a competent transfer, although not the only one. Both skills are important: highlighting syllables in a word and the ability to find morphemes (significant parts of a word), because syllables and morphemes in many cases do not coincide. The syllable is not a prefix or root, a suffix.

Division into syllables occurs when pronouncing a word. And dividing a word into parts is necessary for writing a word, that is, for writing letters in prefixes, roots, suffixes.

The selection of morphemes (prefixes, suffixes, roots) and syllables are two different actions, two different principles, on the basis of which a competent word transfer is carried out.

For example, transferring a word by syllable, you need to simultaneously see the root, the prefix, so that, for example, you do not tear off the first and last letter of the root or break the monosyllabic prefix.

There are a number of hyphenation rules based on the ability to divide a word into syllables and morphemes at the same time. Therefore, you need to be able to do one and the other.

To quickly divide words into syllables online, use the form below. Multiple words can be entered in the text box, separated by spaces or commas. When you click the "Divide into Syllables" button, the result will be shown instantly in the text box. The form is designed to highlight syllables only in Russian words typed in Russian letters.

The form is convenient for cases in which it is required to break many words into syllables without details and reference information... If you need to find out how many and what syllables are in words, what hyphenation options are, then use the search form or select words by the number of syllables in them:

Note.
1. Do not use the result of dividing words into syllables to determine where to hyphenate words. The division into syllables and the allocation of hyphenation places are not always the same. On our site, the difference is explained in detail (points 4-5 from the rules for dividing into syllables).
2. Division into syllables is made taking into account the rules school curriculum... Some rules may differ from the rules of the institute program and schools with in-depth study of the Russian language. For this reason, in some cases, syllables may not be allocated in accordance with your knowledge of the rules for dividing words into syllables.

Syllable

A syllable is one vowel sound or a combination of one vowel with one or more consonants. In other words: vowel sounds form syllables, consonants only in conjunction with a vowel form a syllable. A small cheat sheet can help to memorize: vowels - "speak", consonants - "agree." For example: in the word dog, three syllables are distinguished so-ba-ka (vowels: o, a, a, consonants: s, b, k), in the word Asia - three syllables A-zi-i (vowels: a, i, i, consonant: h).

Syllables consisting of two or more sounds are open and closed. Open syllables end in a vowel sound: water-yes, tra-va, ro-di-na. Closed syllables end in a consonant: com-bain, kor-ka, yellow.

There are covered syllables starting with a consonant, and uncovered ones starting with a vowel. Examples: ko-ra (both syllables covered), i-blo-ko (one uncovered, two covered).

How many syllables are in a word?

Words are made up of syllables. Based on the definition of a syllable, the number of syllables in a word is determined by the number of vowel sounds. School teachers of the Russian language often say: "How many vowels - so many syllables."

Example: sn e g - one syllable, h and T a t - two syllables, p a b O T a- three syllables, dl and n O NS eee- five syllables.

More examples of syllables:

• water - syllables in and Yes;
• read - syllables chi, that, la;
• I am a syllable I am;
• vernal - syllables ve, shni, e;
• chair - syllable chair, the word has one syllable, consisting of one vowel and three consonants.

The syllable is the minimum part of the word when pronouncing, if you do not take into account the degenerate cases when you need to spell the word. Hence the well-known expressions: read syllables, pronounce syllables. The syllable, like sound and stress, belongs to the section of phonetics.

In Russian, there are words without syllables, that is, consisting only of consonants. A striking example such words serve as onomatopoeic words. For example: hmm, t-s-s-s, tr-tr-tr.

Explain to the child preschool age How letters are combined into syllables is quite difficult due to the peculiarities of the preschooler's thinking. Therefore, many teachers and psychologists disagree on how to teach preschoolers to read the syllable.

Currently, there are two main ways: folding letters into syllables and memorizing syllables as whole units of reading.

The first way assumes letter-by-letter naming and connection of letters in a syllable. "H, Oh - what happens?" It is not recommended to ask: "N and O - what will happen?" - this will break the unity of the letters and prevent the child from forming the syllable correctly. Modern preschool pedagogy suggests using various auxiliary techniques when working in this variant. Here is some of them.

An adult shows the first letter with a pencil (pointer), then moves the pencil (pointer) to the second letter, connects them with a "path". At the same time, he pulls the first letter until the child "along the path reaches the second letter." The second letter must be read so that "the track does not break."
- An adult holds one letter in his hands, a child reads, at the same time another letter is brought up from afar, and the first one "falls", the child proceeds to reading a new letter.
- An adult holds a card in his hands, where letters are written on both sides. The child reads the letter on one side, the adult turns the card over to the other side, and the child reads the second letter.

Reasoning chain when reading a syllable with sound-letter analysis will look like this: "The letter I after the consonant denotes its softness, thus, in the combination of VI, the letter B denotes soft sound... It turns out VI. "And what will be the chain when reading, for example, the word KROKODILA? Can a child easily master reading in such a" long "way? Yes, there are even children of younger preschool age (three and four years old) who are able to successfully master reading skills in this But for most children this method is too difficult.Often, despite the use of the auxiliary techniques outlined above, the formation of reading skills is difficult, interest in classes is lost, psychological problems: self-esteem decreases due to failures, refusals to study appear.

Second way teaching a preschooler to read syllables is close to his age capabilities and characteristics and is based on the use of the unique properties of a small child's memory. Let's see what this method is.

Try to read any sentence and at the same time observe how words are made from letters. You will find that you just play different types of syllables from memory, and then comprehend their combinations! It is recollection that helps us read quickly, bypassing the stage of building chains of inferences about the sound-letter composition of a word.

Based on this observation, it can be understood that it is easier for a child to learn to read by memorizing a system of reading units - fusion syllables, that is, syllables consisting of a consonant letter followed by a vowel letter.

Another argument in favor of memorizing the fusion syllable: our articulatory apparatus (lips, tongue, teeth, vocal cords) forms a syllable as one unit. Try to observe yourself as you pronounce the syllables. For example, say VA. You will feel that your articulation apparatus does not pause between B and A.

You need to memorize syllables according to this method of teaching reading according to the same scheme that is used when memorizing letters: - repeated naming of a syllable by an adult ("This is MA, and this is MU");
- search for a syllable on the instructions of an adult, followed by naming ("Find the syllable MU, paint over it. What syllable did you paint?");
- self-naming-reading of a syllable.

The choice of how to teach your child to read a syllable is yours. Try both methods, choose the one that works best for your child, or combine the two methods in teaching.

But in any case, use only game situations, avoid edification and coercion. Offer your child different game plots (store, construction site, transportation of goods, etc.) using fusion syllables written on cards. You can find variants of such games in the article "Games with syllables".

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