Vowel sounds in order. How many vowels in Russian

In Russian there are 10 vowels, 6 vowels. Vowel letters: a, i, e, e, o, y, s, e, yu, i. Vowel sounds: [a], [o], [y], [e], [and], [s]. In the school curriculum, vowel sounds are indicated on the diagrams in red. V primary grades explain: the vowels are called so because they "shout", pronounced "vociferously", the consonants got the same name because they "agree" with the vowels.

Scheme 1. Vowel letters and vowel sounds.

Percussion and unstressed

Vowel sounds are:

• percussion: juice [o] - ice [’o], forest [’ e] - mayor [e], drill [y] - hatch [’y],
• unstressed: in O dá [a], s at dak [y], l e juice [and].

Stressed vowels are in a strong position, they are pronounced with more strength and intonation. Unstressed vowels are in a weak position, they are pronounced with less strength and may be subject to change.

Scheme 2. Stressed and unstressed vowels.

In the Russian language there are compound words with primary and secondary stress. In them, we emphasize the main stress with a strong intonation, and a secondary one with a weak intonation. For example, in the word penobloki, the main stress falls on the letter o, the secondary stress on the letter e. In phonetic parsing, a vowel with the main stress is stressed, a vowel with a secondary stress is unstressed. For example: three-leaved, three-year-old.

Yoted vowels

The letters I, yu, e, e are called iotated and mean two sounds in the following positions of the word:

1. at the beginning of the word: tree [y "olka], Yana [y" ana], raccoon [y "inot];
2. after the vowel: hare [zay "itz], button accordion [bai" an];
3. after b or b: streams [brook "y" and], rise [fall "ohm].

For ё and stressed vowels i, yu, e, a replacement is made: i → [y'a], yu → [y'y], e → [y'e], ё → [y'o]. For unstressed vowels, the replacement is used: i → [y "and], e → [y" and]. In some school curricula when composing a transcription of a word and during phonetic parsing, Latin j is written instead of x.

On initial stage studying the Russian language in grade 1, it is necessary to learn the vowels and consonants of the alphabet. TO consonants relate: B, V, D, D, F, Z, Y, K, L, M, N, P, R, S, T, F, X, Ts, Ch, Sh, Sh ... Note, Th- consonant letter. TO vowel letters include A, E, E, I, O, U, Y, E, Y, I ... Letters B and B do not apply to either vowels or consonants. Vowels are pronounced with the participation of the voice, they can be sung. The consonants consist only of noise, they cannot be sung. (When memorizing vowels and consonants, you can try to sing them). We are offering to you online game, which will help you to learn the vowels and consonants of the Russian alphabet in a playful way. It was created like an online coloring book, and can be used not only by first graders, but also to prepare for school. In the game, you need to color the vowels in red, and the consonants in blue.

Online game "Vowels and consonants"

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Category

Phonetics- This is a section of the science of language, in which sounds and their alternations are studied, as well as impact, intonation, syllabic section.

Graphics- This is a section of the science of language, in which the outlines of the letters of the alphabet and their relationship with the sounds of speech are studied.

Modern russian alphabet consists of 33 letters, 10 of which are intended to denote vowels and, accordingly, are called vowels. 21 consonants are used to denote consonants. In addition, in modern Russian there are two letters that are not sounds do not mean: b(hard mark) b(soft sign).

Vowel and consonant sounds

All sounds of the Russian language are divided into vowels and consonants.

1. Vowel sounds- these are the sounds that are formed with the participation of the voice. There are six of them in Russian: [a], [e], [i], [o], [y], [s].

2. Consonant sounds- these are sounds that are formed with the participation of voice and noise, or only noise.

a) Consonants are divided into hard and soft... Most hard and soft consonants form hard-to-soft pairs: [b] - [b ′], [c] - [c ′], [г] - [г ′], [d] - [d ′], [h] - [h ′], [k] - [k ′], [l] - [l ′], [m] - [m ′], [n] - [n ′], [n] - [n ′], [p] - [p ′], [c] - [c ′], [t] - [t ′], [φ] - [φ ′], [x] - [x ′] (the apostrophe at the top right denotes softness consonant sound). For example, bow - [bow] and hatch - [bow].

b) Some consonants do not have correlative pairs but hardness-softness, that is, in the language there are unpaired solid consonants[w], [w], [c] (ie, they are always only solid) and unpaired soft consonants[w ′], [d], [h] (ie, they are always only soft).

Notes:

• for the sounds [y], [h] it is not customary to denote softness with an apostrophe, although in some textbooks it is denoted;
• the sound [ш ′] is denoted in the letter by the letter SCH;
• the bar above denotes doubled (long) sound... For example, cheek - [sh ′ ika], thicket - [bowl ′ a], bath - [van a], cash desk - [cas a]. Some textbooks indicate long consonants so: [van: a] - bath.

v) The consonants formed with the participation of voice and noise are called voiced(for example, [d], [d ′], [h], [h ′], etc.); if only noise participates in the formation of sounds, then such sounds are called deaf consonants (for example, [t], [t ′], [c], [c ′], etc.). Most voiced and voiceless consonants in Russian form pairs of voiced-deafness: [b] - [n], [b] - [n], [c] - [φ], [c] - [φ], [z] - [k], [z] - [k ′], [d] - [m], [d ′] - [m ′], [h] - [c], [h ′] - [c ′], [g] - [w]. Wed: beat - drink, year - cat, live - sew.

G) The sounds [y], [l], [l ′], [m], | m ′], [n], [n ′], [p], [p ′] do not form a correlative pair with voiceless consonants, hence they are unpaired voiced(unpaired voiced consonants are also called sonorous, these are sounds in the formation of which both voice and noise are involved). Conversely, voiceless consonants that are not paired with voiced consonants are unpaired deaf... These are the sounds [h], [c], [x], [x ′].

3. In a speech stream, the sound of one sound can be like the sound of another sound. This phenomenon is called assimilation... So, in the word life the sound [z], standing next to the soft [n ′], also softens, and we get the sound [z ′]. Thus, the pronunciation of the word life is written like this: [zhyz′n ′]. Sound convergence is also possible for sounds paired in voicing-deafness. So, voiced consonants in a position in front of deafs and at the end of a word sound close to paired deafs. Hence, there is stunning consonants. For example, boat - lo [t] ka, fairy tale - ska [s] ka, carriage [s]. The opposite phenomenon is also possible, when voiceless consonants in a position in front of the bells also become voiced, that is voiced... For example, mowing - ko [z ′] ba, request - about [z ′] ba.

Indicating the softness of consonants in writing

In Russian, the softness of consonants is indicated in the following ways:

1. Using a letterb(soft sign) at the end of a word and in the middle between consonants: benefit - [pol′za], elk - [los ′], etc.

Note. Soft sign does not indicate the softness of the consonants in the following cases:

a) if it serves to separate consonants, the second of which th(iot): leaves - fox [t′ya], white - be [l′yo];

b) to distinguish between grammatical categories: rye (3 fold, f) - knife (2 fold, f);

c) to distinguish the forms of words (after hissing): read (2 l., singular), cut (form of imperative mood), help (indefinite form of glago-la), as well as adverbs: gallop, supine.

2. Through lettersand,e, e, y, i, indicating the softness of the preceding consonant sound and transmitting vowels-ki [i], [e], [o], [y], [a]: forest - [l′es], honey - [m′ot], lil - [l'il], hatch - [l'uk], crumpled - [m'al].

3. With the help of subsequent soft consonants: screw - [v′int′t′ik], plum - [s′l′iva].

The sound meaning of the letters e, yo, yu, i

1. The letters e, e, yu, i can meantwo sounds: [ye], [yo], [yu], [ya]. This happens in the following cases:

• at the beginning of a word: for example, spruce - [ye] l, hedgehog - [yo] f, yula - [yu] la, yama - [ya] ma;
• after the vowel sound: washes - mo [ye] t, sings - by [yo] t, give - yes [yu] t, bark - la [ya] t;
• after dividing b, b: eat - eat [ye] m, drink - p [yo] t, pour - l [yu] t, zealous - ry [ya] ny.

In addition, after the dividing b two sounds would represent a letter and: nightingales - nightingale [yi].

2. The letters e, e, yu, i indicate the softness of the preceding consonant in the position after consonants, paired in hard-to-reach-softness: fur - [m'eh], nes - [n'os], hatch - [l'uk], crumpled - [m'al].

Memo:

• Sounds [y], [l], [m], [n], [p] - voiced (do not have a pair of voiced-deafness)
• Sounds [x], [c], [h], [sh ′] - deaf (do not have a pair for hard-reach-softness)
• Sounds [w], [w], [c] are always solid.
• Sounds [th], [h], [sh ′] are always soft.

Phonetic parsing of the word ( sound-letter analysis the words) Is the analysis of a word, which consists in the characteristic syllabic structure and the sound composition of the word; phonetic analysis of a word involves elements of graphical analysis. Word for phonetic analysis in school textbooks denoted by the number 1: for example, land 1 .

When conducting a phonetic parsing of a word, it is imperative to pronounce the word aloud. It is impossible to automatically translate an alphabetic recording into a sound one, this leads to errors. It must be remembered that it is not the letters that are characterized, but the sounds of the word.

Phonetic order(sound-alphabetic) parsing words (according to school tradition):

1. Write down the given word, divide it into syllables, orally indicate the number of syllables.

2. Put stress on the word.

3. Write down phonetic transcription words (we write the word in letters in a column, opposite each letter we write the sound in square brackets).

4. Describe the sounds (put a dash in front of each sound and write its characteristics, separating them with commas):

• characteristics of a vowel sound: we indicate that the sound is a vowel; percussion or non-percussion;

• characteristics of a consonant sound: we indicate that the sound is a consonant; hard or soft, sonorous or dull. You can also indicate paired or unpaired in hard-reach-softness, voiced-deafness.

5. Specify the number of sounds and letters.

Phonetic samples(sound-alphabetic) parsing a word(a basic level of)

Earth - earth
z [z ′] - consonant, soft, voiced
e [and] - vowel, unstressed
m [m] - consonant, solid, voiced
l [l ′] - consonant, soft, voiced
e [e] - vowel, stressed
__________
5 letters, 5 sounds

Turn black - black-né-yut
h [h] - consonant, soft, voiceless
e [and] - vowel, unstressed
p [p] - consonant, solid, voiced
n [n ′] - consonant, soft, voiced
e [e] - vowel, stressed
yu [y] - consonant, soft, voiced
[y] - vowel, unstressed
t [t] - consonant, hard, voiceless.
___________
7 letters, 8 sounds