Moral psychological impact on man. Takes of influence on people. Useful psychological techniques, technicians and methods of persuasion of man, partner: description, questions, examples of psychological techniques

For example, to take a break from influence at work we need a vacation. Well, when resting on the Black Sea lasts, as long as possible. And on May can go to Odessa by the sea, the hotel was surrounded by greens, a sandy beach and breathing out the aromas of blooming steppes, say: "Anna Maria!".

When you rested well to figure out who has a strong impact on you. Let's figure it out.

All methods of psychological influence can be divided into several groups that include various impact techniques:

1. Effect of infection

It implies the transfer of mental and emotional state from one person to another. As a rule, the effect of infection occurs unconsciously. From here, by the way, the well-known expression "infected with laughter." If a person is some time among people, subject to panic, then soon he will unwittingly start panicing. The same applies to fear, maliciousness and other strong feelings. The transfer of psycho-emotional information acts directly to the subconscious of the person who "infects".

2. suggestion

This method of impact is carried out through words. The carrier information must be as compressed as possible, but very tank for its informativeness. Here, a huge role is still played by the person who is trying to inspire something else. It must have a fairly high authority among the inspired and possess endless confidence in himself and what he says. This method of impact has several forms: hypnosis, suggestion in waking condition and suggestion during the period of complete relaxation, relaxation. However, there are people who are very poorly amenable to any suggestion. Basically, these are those who survived some strong shocks in life.

3. Belief

Such a type of influence on people is directed directly to the consciousness of a person with the aim of "conveying" some specific information to the human mind. The effectiveness of such an impact depends on the level of intelligence and the formation of one who is convinced. Make sure a person with a logical and highly intelligent warehouse of the mind. It will be harder to apply this method on people with a low level of intelligence and difficult character. The conviction is based mainly on the logical content of information.

4. Imitation

Imitation, as a rule, occurs on the subconscious level. Especially strongly, this type of exposure is manifested when the imitation object is smarter, stronger or has some other qualities, which would like to have an inspired person. He can copy the timer of conversation, habits, clothes and even a gait. Such people sometimes do not notice that someone imites, as it is unknowingly done.

Consider psychological techniques to manipulate the mental consciousness of the person and the masses. For convenience, we divide the proposed methods for eight blocks, effective as everyone in its separate, and together.

The life of any person is multifaceted by the vital experience, which has this person, in terms of education, in terms of education, according to the genetic component, according to a variety of other factors that must be taken into account in the psychological impact on a person. Specialists in manipulation of the psyche (psychotherapists, lad farms, criminal hypnotists, fraudsters, government officials, etc.) use many different technologies that allow them to manage people. To know such methods is necessary incl. And in order to counteract this kind of manipulation. Knowledge is power. It is the knowledge of manipulation mechanisms for manipulation of a person who allows you to withstand illegal invasions in the psyche (in the subconscious of a person), which means to protect themselves in this way.

It should be noted that the techniques of psychological impact (manipulation) are a very large amount. Some of them are available for mastering only after a long practice (for example, NLP), some freely uses most people in life, sometimes not even noticing it; about some techniques of manipulative effects are enough to have permission to already protect against them; To counteract others, it is necessary to own well to own such techniques (for example, Gypsy psychological hypnosis), etc. With the admissibility of such a step, we will disclose the secrets of the methodology for managing the mental consciousness of a person and the masses (collective, assembly, audience, crowds, etc.).

It is worth noting that only recently it became possible to openly talk about early secret techniques. At the same time, in our opinion, such a chemless resolution on the part of the supervision bodies is quite justified, since we are convinced that some part of the truth opened on a certain life stage. In grains, collecting such a material - a person is formed into a person. If a person for some reason is still ready to comprehend the truth - the fate herself will lead him to the side. And if such a person even learns about some secret techniques, it will not be able to realize their meaning, i.e. This kind of information will not find the necessary response in his soul, and a certain stupor will turn on in the psyche, thanks to which such information is simply not perceived by the brain, i.e. will not remember such a person.

Below the outlined methods of manipulation, we will be considered equivalent to the efficiency of blocks. Despite the fact that each block precedes the name inherent in it, nevertheless, it should be noted that the specifics of the techniques for the subconscious mind effectively act on all without exception, regardless of the specific target audience or typical features of the identity of a person. This is explained by the fact that a person's psyche in general also has uniform components, and differs only by insignificant details, and hence the increased efficiency of the methods of manipulation existing in the world.

The first unit of manipulation techniques.

Methods of manipulating the psychic consciousness of man (S.A. Zelinsky, 2008).

1. False aspiration, or deceptive refinements.

In this case, the manipulative effect is achieved due to the fact that the manipulator pretends that it wishes something to understand something for himself, asks you, but it repeats your words only at the beginning and then only partially, making it in the sense of the previously said another meaning, thereby By changing the general meaning of what has been said.

In this case, it should be extremely attentive, always listen to what they are talking about, and noticing the catch - to clarify the earlier you said; And check even if the manipulator, pretending that does not notice your desire to clarify, tries to go to another topic.

2. Puttering hasty, or leakage.

The manipulator in this case seeks after visiting any information - hastily go to another topic, realizing that your attention immediately reoriented to new information, which means the likelihood that the former information that was not "appeared" will reach the subconscious listener; If the information comes to the subconscious, it is known that after any information turns out to be in the unconscious (subconscious), after time it is aware of a person, i.e. Enters consciousness. And if the manipulator additionally strengthened its information with emotional load, and then introduced it to the subconscious of the coding method, then such information will appear in the correct manipulator the moment that it itself will provoke (for example, using the "Anchorage" principle from NLP, or, in other words, By activating the code).

In addition, as a result of hasty and leakage, it becomes possible for a relatively short period of time "voice" a large number of topics; And then the censorship of the psyche will not have time to miss everything through itself, and the likelihood that a certain part of the information enters the subconscious, and from there will affect the consciousness of the manipulation object in a favorable manipulator.

3. The desire to show your indifference, or pseudo-inattention.

In this case, the manipulator tries as indifferent to perceive and the interlocutor and the information received, thereby unconsciously forcing a person trying to try to convince the manipulator in its importance to him. Thus, the manipulator remains only to control information emanating from the object, receiving the facts that the object was not going to spread earlier. This circumstance on the part of a person who is directed by the manipulation is laid in the laws of the psyche, forcing any person to strive for anything to prove its right thing, convincing the manipulator (not suspecting that this is a manipulator), and using the existing arsenal of logical managability of thoughts - that is, the presentation of new circumstances of the case, the facts that, in his opinion, can help him. What turns out to handle the manipulator that gives the information you need.

As a counteraction in this case, it is recommended to strengthen its own volitional control and not succumb to provocations.

4. False damage, or imaginary weakness.

This principle of manipulation is aimed at the desire from the manipulator to show the object of manipulations of its weakness, and thereby achieve the desired, because if someone is weaker, the effect of condescension is turned on, which means the censorship of the human psyche begins to function in a relaxed mode, as if not perceiving coming from Manipulator information seriously. Thus, the information emanating from the manipulator passes immediately to the subconscious, is postponed there in the form of installations and patterns of behavior, which means the manipulator reaches its, because the object of manipulation itself is not suspected after the time starts to perform the installation subconscious, or, in other words, perform Secret will of the manipulator.

The main way to confrontation is complete control of information emanating from any person, i.e. Anyone is an opponent, and it must be taken seriously.

5. False love, or sleeping vigilance.

Due to the fact that one individual (manipulator) plays in front of another (object manipulation) Love, excessive respect, reverence, etc. (i.e. expresses his feelings in a similar vein), he achieves incomparably more than if he asked about something.

In order not to succumb to such provocations - it should be kept, as the F.E. Dzerzhinsky, "Cold Mind" said.

6. Furious pressure, or incomplete anger.

The manipulation in this case becomes possible as a result of an unmotivated rage on the side of the manipulator. In a person who is directed by this kind of manipulation, the desire to calm the one who grows on it will arise. For what he is subconsciously ready to make concessions to the manipulator.

Counterforming methods may be different, depending on the skills of the manipulation object. For example, it is possible as a result of "adjustment" (so-called. Calibration in NLP) First, the condition of the spirit is similar in the manipulator, and after calming down, calm and manipulator. Or, for example, you can show your calm and absolute indifference to the anger of the manipulator, thereby having confused him, which means to deprive his manipulative advantage. It is possible to sharply inflate the pace of own aggressiveness by speech techniques at the same time as a light touch of the manipulator (his brushes, shoulder, hands ...), and additional visual effects, i.e. In this case, we intercept the initiative, and with the help of simultaneous impact on the manipulator using a visual, audible and kinesthetic stimulus - we enter it into the state of the trance, and therefore depending on you, because in this state the manipulator itself becomes the object of our exposure, and we We can enter certain installations in its subconsciousness, because It is known that the state of anger, any person is subject to coding (psycho-profirming). You can use other response techniques. It should be remembered that in a state of man's wrath, it is easier to laugh. About such a feature of the psyche should be known and use on time.

7. Fast pace, or unjustified hurry.

In this case, we must talk about the desire of the manipulator at the expense of an unnecessarily rapid tempo of the speech push away some of their ideas, having achieved approval by their object manipulation. This becomes possible and then when the manipulator, hiding behind the allegedly lack of time, achieves from the object of manipulations incomparably greater than if such a time happened during a long period of time, for which the object of manipulations would have thought of their answer, which means not to become a victim of deception ( manipulations).

In this case, you should take a timeout (for example, refer to the urgent call on the phone, etc.) to knock down the manipulator from the tempo given to them. To do this, you can play a misunderstanding of some question and "stupid" asporing, and the like.

8. Excessive suspicion, or calling forced excuses.

A similar type of manipulation occurs in the case when the manipulator plays suspicion into any question. As a response to suspicion, the object of manipulation follows the desire to justify. Thus, the protective barrier of his psyche weakens, which means that the manipulator achieves his, "pushing" the necessary psychological attitudes in his subconscious.

Protection is awareness of itself as a personality and a volitional confrontation attempt to any manipulative impact on your psyche (i.e., you must demonstrate your own self-confidence, and show that if the manipulator suddenly be offended - then let him take off, and if you want to leave - you are not Faying him after; This should be adopted by "in love": do not manipulate.)

The manipulator shows the fatigue with all its appearance and the inability to prove something and listen to any objections. Thus, the object of manipulations is trying to quickly agree with the words given by the manipulator so as not to tire him with their objections. Well, agreeing, he thus goes on the manipulator, which only needs it.

The method of opposition is one thing: do not succumb to provocations.

This type of manipulation proceeds from such specifics of the psyche of the individual, as the worship of the authorities in any area. Most often it turns out that the region itself, in which such "authority" achieved the result, lies at all in another sphere than his imaginary "request" now, but nevertheless, the object of manipulations cannot do anything with him, since in the soul most People believe that there is always someone who has achieved more than they.

A variant of the confrontation - faith in its own exception, over-person; Development in itself belief in own chosenness, that you are over-person.

11. Provided courtesy, or fee for help.

The manipulator about something conspiratorist reports the object of manipulations, as if advising in a friendly to accept this or that decision. At the same time, clearly hiding behind with an imaginary friendship (in fact, they can be familiar for the first time), as a council, the object of manipulations declares that the solution is needed, which is primarily a manipulator.

It is necessary to believe in yourself, and remember what to pay for everything. And it is better to pay at once, i.e. Before you require a fee in the form of gratitude for the service provided.

12. Resistance, or playful protest.

The manipulator with some words excuses in the soul of the object of manipulations of feelings, aimed at overcoming the barrier (censorship of psyche), in the desire to achieve their own. It is known that the psyche is arranged in such a way that a person mostly wants that he or forbid him or to achieve that efforts should be made.

Whereas what can be better and more important, but lies on the surface, they really do not notice.

The method of counteraction is self-confidence and will, i.e. You should always hope only for yourself, and not to be sent to weaknesses.

13. Factor particular, or from the items to the error.

The manipulator causes the object of manipulations to pay attention only to one particular part, not letting notice the main thing, and on the basis of this to make the appropriate conclusions taken by consciousness for the non-alternative basis of the meaning of the said. It should be noted that this is very common in life, when most people make themselves to do any subject matter, in fact, without having facts or more detailed information, but often and without one's own opinions about what they are judged by using Opinion of others. Therefore, this opinion is possible to impose it, which means to achieve your manipulator.

To counteract, you should continue to work on an increase in our own knowledge and level of education.

14. Irony, or manipulation with a smile.

Manipulations are achieved due to the fact that the manipulator chooses an initially ironic tone, as if unconsciously questioning any words of the object of manipulation. In this case, the object of manipulations is much faster "comes out of itself"; And since, with anger, the criticality of thinking is difficult, a person is included in the ISS (modified state of consciousness), in which consciousness easily misses the early forbidden information.

For effective protection, it is necessary to show your full indifference to the manipulator. The feeling of yourself with an over-person, "chosen" will help condescendingly on trying to manipulate you - as children's fun. Such a state of intuitive will immediately feel the manipulator, because manipulators are usually well developed by the senses well developed, which, we note, and allows them to feel the moment to carry out their manipulative techniques.

15. Interruption, or care of thought.

The manipulator seeks his constant interruption of the thought of the object of manipulations, directing the topic of the conversation to the right drone manipulator.

As a counteraction, you can not pay attention to interrupting the manipulator, or special speech psychothechnics to make it ridicuing it among the listeners, because if the person laughs - all his subsequent words are no longer perceived seriously.

16. Provocation of vision, or contrived of charges.

This kind of manipulation becomes possible as a result of the message to the object of the manipulation of the information that can cause anger from him, and therefore a decrease in criticality in the assessment of the intended information. After that, such a person turns out to be broken for some time lapse, for which it is achieved by a manipulator imposing his will.

Protection - believe in yourself and not pay attention to others.

17. Lanting into a trap, or imaginary recognition of the benefits of the opponent.

In this case, the manipulator, carrying out an act of manipulation, hints at more favorable conditions in which an opponent (manipulation object) is supposedly located, thereby causing the latter in every way to justify, and become open to manipulations that are usually followed by the manipulator.

Protection is awareness of itself with an over-person, which means quite a reasonable "elevation" above the manipulator, especially if he also considers himself to be "insignificance." Those. In this case, it is necessary not to justify what they say, no, I am not above you above the status, but to admit, smiling that yes, I am you, you are in my dependence, and should take it or ... Thus, faith in yourself Vera in its own exception will help overcome any traps on the way to your consciousness from manipulators.

18. Cheating on the palm, or imitation of bias.

The manipulator intends to put the object of manipulations in some given conditions, when a person selected as an object of manipulations, seeking to take off the suspicion of excessive bias towards the manipulator, gives them to the manipulation of the unconscious belief in the good intention of the manipulator. That is, he seems to himself gives itself the installation not to respond critical to the words of the manipulator, thereby unconsciously gives the opportunity for the words of the manipulator to go into their consciousness.

19. Indeed error, or specific terminology.

In this case, the manipulation is carried out by using a manipulator of specific terms that do not understand the object of manipulations, and the latter, due to the danger, seem illiterate, is not enough courage to clarify that these terms are denoted.

The method of opposition is to ask and specify the incomprehensible to you.

20. The imposition of false stupidity, or through humiliation to victory.

The manipulator seeks to reduce the role of the object of manipulations in every way, hinting on its stupidity and illiteracy, so that it is to tribrate the positive attitude of the psyche of the object of manipulations, to imagine his psyche into the state of chaos and temporary confusion, and thus achieve its will over his will through verbal manipulations and ( or) the coding of the psyche.

Protection is not to pay attention. It is recommended to pay attention to the meaning of the words of the manipulator at all, and more on the details around, gestures and facial expressions, or at all pretend what you listen to, and think "about your own", especially if you have an experienced fraudster or criminal hypnotist.

21. Repeatability of phrases, or imposing thoughts.

At the same time, the form of manipulation, due to repeatedly repeated phrases, the manipulator teaches the object of manipulations to any information that is going to convey to it.

Protective installation - not to record attention on the words of the manipulator, listen to it "in the half of the ear", or with special speech techniques to translate the conversation to another topic, or intercept the initiative and enter the installation you need to the subconscious of the interlocutor of the manipulator, or many other options.

22. Error speculation, or non-evalness to unwittingly.

In this case, manipulations reaches its effect due to:

1) intentional non-infertion by the manipulator;

2) erroneous sensing object of manipulations.

At the same time, even if deception is detected, the object of manipulations makes the impression of his own guilt due to the fact that he did not understand, or did not hear something.

Protection is an exceptional confidence, education over-will, the formation of "chosenness" and over-person.

In this situation, the object of manipulation falls into the trap of the manipulator playing on his own allegedly inattention, so that after having achieved his own, to refer to the fact that he allegedly did not notice (listened) protest from the opponent. Moreover, as a result of such a manipulator, the object of manipulations is actually set before the fact of the perfect.

Protection is clearly clarifying the meaning of the "agreed agreements".

24. Say "Yes", or the way to consent.

Manipulations of this kind are carried out due to the fact that the manipulator seeks to build a dialogue with the object of manipulations so that he always agreed with his words all the time. Thus, the manipulator skillfully sums up the object of manipulations to the push of his idea, which means that the manipulation of it.

Protection is to bring down the orientation of the conversation.

25. Unexpected quoting, or opponent's word as proof.

In this case, the manipulative impact is achieved due to the unexpected citation by the manipulator previously said the words of the opponent. This technique acts discouragingly to the selected object of manipulations, helping the manipulator to achieve results. At the same time, in most cases, the words themselves can be partially fictional, i.e. Have a different meaning than on this issue, the object of manipulations said early. If spoke. Because the words of the object of manipulations may be simply fiction in and before, or have only minor similarity.

Protection - also apply the reception of false citation by selecting in this case the allegedly said manipulator.

26. Effect of observation, or the search for general features.

As a result of the preliminary monitoring of the object of manipulations (including during the dialogue), the manipulator finds or invents any similarity between himself and the object, unobtrusively draws the attention of the object to this similarity, and thus partially weakens the protective functions of the mental objects of the manipulation object, after which Pushes your idea.

Protection is to drastically allocate their evil on the interlocutor of the manipulator.

27. The imposition of the choice, or initially the right decision.

In this case, the manipulator sets the question in such a way that it does not leave the object of manipulation of the possibility of accepting other selection, rather than the one that is voiced by a manipulator. (For example, do you want to do this or is it? In this case, the keyword "do", whereas initially an object of manipulations, perhaps, not going to do anything. But he did not leave the right of choice except the choice between the first and second.)

Protection is not to pay attention plus volitional control of any situation.

28. Unexpected revelation, or sudden honesty.

This type of manipulation is that after a short conversation, the manipulator suddenly informs the object chosen as a manipulation that he intends to inform something secret and important that he intended only to him, because he really liked this man, and he feels What can trust him. At the same time, the object of manipulations unconsciously arises confidence in this kind of revelation, and therefore we can already talk about the weakening of the protective mechanisms of the psyche, which through the weakening of censorship (critical barrier) passes into the consciousness-subconsciousness of a lie from the manipulator.

Protection is not to succumb to provocations, and remember that you can always hope only for yourself. Another person can always bring (consciously, unconsciously, forced, under the influence of hypnosis, and so on.)

29. Sudden counterproof, or insidious lie.

The manipulator is unexpectedly for the object of manipulations refer to words, allegedly said the early, according to which the manipulator is simply further developing the topic, pushing away from them. The object of manipulations after such "revelations" appears a sense of guilt, in his psyche should finally break the barriers put forward on the way of those words of the manipulator, which before it perceived with a certain fraction of criticality. This is possible also from the fact that most of those on which the manipulation of the manipulation is internally unstable, have increased criticality in relation to themselves, and therefore, such a lie on the side of the manipulator turns into their consciousness in one or another share of the truth, which as a result And helps the manipulator to achieve his own.

Protection is the upbringing of the will of the will and exceptional confidence and respect for themselves.

30. The accusation of theory, or imaginary lack of practice.

The manipulator as an unexpected counterargument highlights the requirement that the words chosen to them the object of manipulation are as if good only in theory, whereas in practice the situation allegedly will be different. Thus, it is unconsciously giving to understand the object of manipulations that all words that have just been heard by the manipulator, they do not imagine anything and are good only on paper, and in a real situation everything will be in a different way, and therefore, in fact, it is impossible to rely on such words.

Protection is not to pay attention to the speculation and assumptions of other people and believe only by virtue of their mind.

The second block of methods of manipulation.

Methods of impact on the mass media audience using manipulations.

1. Principle of priority.

The essence of this method is based on the specifics of the psyche, which is arranged in such a way that it takes information to faith, the first conscious processing. The fact that later we can get more reliable information, often no longer playing roles.

In this case, the effect of perception of primary information is triggered as a truth, especially since it is impossible to immediately understand its controversial. And after - it is already quite difficult to change the resulting opinion.

A similar principle is quite successfully used in political technologies, when a certain accusatory material (compromising) is sent to a competitor (by means of the media), thereby:

a) forming a negative opinion about him in voters;

b) Forcing to justify.

(In this case, there is an effect on the masses through common stereotypes that if someone is justified - it means to blame).

2. "Eyewitnesses" of events.

There are supposedly eyewitnesses of events that with the necessary sincerity inform the information that manipulators transferred to them, issuing it for their own. The name of such "eyewitnesses" is often hidden by allegedly in order to conspict, or is called a false name, which, along with falsified information, nevertheless reaches the effect of the audience, since it affects the unconscious psyche of a person, causing fires and emotions in it The result of which censored psyche is weakened and able to skip information from the manipulator without determining its false essence.

3. The image of the enemy.

By artificially creating a threat and as a result of this glow of passions, the masses are immersed in state similar to the ISS (changed states of consciousness). As a result, such masses are easier to manage.

4. Shift accents.

In this case, there is a conscious shift of emphs in the submitted material, and something is not completely desirable for manipulators is presented in the second plan, but is highlighted on the contrary - it is necessary.

5. Use of "leaders of opinions".

In this case, the manipulation of mass consciousness occurs based on the fact that, when performing any actions, individuals are focused on leaders of opinions. Various figures that have been reputable for a particular category of population can act as leaders of opinions.

6. Reorientation of attention.

In this case, it becomes possible to present almost any material without fear of its undesirable (negative) component. It becomes possible on the basis of the rule of reorientation of attention when the information necessary for concealing as it would be moving into a shadow as if randomly flashing events that serve to divert attention.

7. Emotional charge.

This technique of manipulation is based on such a human psyche property as emotional contamination. It is known that in the process of life, a person builds certain protective barriers on ways to receive unwanted information for him. To circumvent a similar barrier (censorship of the psyche), it is necessary that the manipulative impact has been sent to feelings. Thus, "charging" the necessary information necessary emotions becomes possible to overcome the barrier of the mind and cause an explosion of passions in man, forcing him to worry about some point of heard information. The effect of emotional charge comes into effect, which gets the greatest distribution in the crowd, where, as is known, the criticality threshold is lower.

(Example. A similar effect of manipulation is used during a number of reality shows, when the participants speak at elevated colors and sometimes demonstrate significant emotional arousal, which makes it look for the peripetias of the events showing them, competing after the main characters. Or, for example, when speaking on television series Especially ambitious politicians impulsively shouting their ways out of crisis situations, thanks to which information affects the senses of individuals, and there is an emotional contamination of the audience, which means the possibility of such manipulators to make attention to the submitted material.)

8. Disconnecting issues.

Depending on the submission of the same materials, it is possible to achieve different, sometimes opposite opinions in the audience. That is, some event can be artificially noticed, and something on the contrary, to pay high attention, and even on different television channels. At the same time, the truth itself is moving into the background. And depends on the desire (or not desire) manipulators to highlight it. (For example, it is known that every day there are many events in the country. Naturally, the lighting of all of them is impossible already purely physically. However, it often happens that any events are demonstrated quite often, many times, and on different channels; whereas something else that probably also deserves attention - no matter how consciously is noticed.)

It is worth noting that the supply of information by means of such manipulative equipment leads to an artificial inflating the non-existent problems, followed by something important, which may cause the anger of the people.

9. Inaccessibility of information.

This principle of manipulative technologies is called information blockade. It becomes possible similar when a certain part of the information, unwanted for manipulators, is consciously not allowed.

10. Punch for ahead.

The type of manipulation, the main ongoing emission negative for the main category of people's information. In this case, this information causes the maximum resonance. And by the time of the subsequent receipt of information and the need to take a unpopular decision, the audience already tires from protest, and will not respond too negatively. Using a similar method in political technologies - first sacrifice a minor compromising, after which, when a new compromising appears on their political figure - the masses are not reacting so much. (Tired react.)

11. False glow of passions.

The method of manipulating the mass media-audience when the false passion of passions is used due to the presentation of the alleged sensational material, as a result of which a person's psyche does not have a properly react, an unnecessary excitement is created, and the present information is being created - no more influence, because the criticalness is already reduced. put forward by censorship psyche. (In other words, a false time limit is created for which the information obtained must be estimated that it often leads to the fact that it is almost without bills of consciousness in the unconscious individual; after which he influences consciousness, distorting the meaning of the information received, and Also occupying a place to obtain and appropriate an estimate of the information more truthful. Moreover, in most cases, we are talking about the impact in the crowd, in which the principle of criticality is difficult in itself).

12. The effect of believing.

In this case, the basis for possible manipulation consists of such a component of the psyche, when a person is inclined to believe the information that has previously contrary to his information or submissions under the question under consideration.

(In other words, if via the media, we face information with which internally disagree, we consciously overlapping a similar channel for obtaining information. And if you encounter information that does not contradict our understanding of such a question - we continue to absorb such information that strengthens the early Formed patterns of behavior and installation in the subconscious. And therefore it becomes also overclocking for manipulations, since the manipulators will consciously be inclusing in the plausible information for us. false which would seem to be automatically perceive for the real one. Also, in accordance with such a principle of manipulation, it is possible to initially submitting a deliberately unfavorable information for the manipulator (allegedly criticism of itself), due to which the belief in the audience increases, that this mass media source is fairly fair and truthful. Well, later, the information required for manipulators is unlocked in the applied information.)

13. Effect of "Information assault".

In this case, it should be said that a flour of useless information is collapsed by a person, in which the truth is lost.

(People who were subjected to such a form of manipulation simply tired of the flow of information, which means that the analysis of such information becomes difficult and manipulators have the opportunity to hide the information necessary for them, but unwanted to demonstrate wide masses.)

14. Reverse effect.

In the case of such a fact of manipulation, such a number of negative information will be released to a person that this information reaches directly the opposite effect, and instead of the expected condemnation, such a person begins to cause pity. (An example of perestroika years with B.N. Helzin, fallen into the river from the bridge.)

15. Bidnight story, or evil with a human face.

Information that can cause an undesirable effect is pronounced by the usual tone, as if nothing terrible is happening. As a result of such a form of presenting information, some critical information when penetrating the consciousness of students loses its relevance. Thus disappears the criticalness of the perception of the human mentalness of negative information and is addictive to it.

16. One-sidedness of the lighting of events.

This method of manipulation is aimed at one-sidedness of the lighting of events, when it is possible to express only one side of the process, as a result of which the false semantic effect of the information obtained is achieved.

17. The principle of contrast.

This type of manipulation becomes possible when the necessary information is supplied against the background of another, initially negative, and adversely perceived by most audiences. (In other words, on the background of black will always be noticeably white. And against the background of bad people - you can always show a good person, told about his good deeds. A similar principle is common in political technologies, when a possible crisis in the camp of competitors is disassembled in detail, and after - is demonstrated The correct nature of the action of the necessary manipulators of the candidate, who has no such crisis and can not be.)

18. Approval of the imaginary majority.

The use of this method of manipulating the masses is based on such a specific component of the human psyche - as permissible to make any actions, after the initial approval by their other people. As a result of this method of manipulation in the psyche of a person, a barrier of criticality is erased after such information caused approval from other people. Recall Lebo, Freud, Bekhtereva and other classics of the psychology of the masses - the principles of imitation and contigate actively actively operate. Therefore, what makes one - pick up the rest.

19. Expressive blow.

When implementing, this principle should make the effect of psychological shock, when the proper effect of manipulators is achieved by the intentional broadcasting of the horrors of modern life, which causes the first protest reaction (due to a sharp increase in the emotional component of the psyche), and the desire to punish the perpetrators. At the same time, they are not found that accents when submitting material can be consciously shifted towards unnecessary competitors or against information that seems to be unwanted.

20. False analogies, or sabotage against logic.

This manipulation eliminates the true cause in any question, replacing it with a false analogy. (For example, an incorrect comparison of various and mutually exclusive consequences occurs, which in this case are issued for one. Example - many young athletes were chosen in the State Duma. In this case, the opinion in the sports was replaced by the years that the 20-year-old Athletes can manage the country. At the same time, it should be remembered that every State Duma deputy - has the rank of the federal minister).

21. Artificial "calculation" of the situation.

Many different information is intentionally thrown into the market, thereby monitoring the interest of the public to this information, and information that has not been relevant, and then is excluded.

22. Manipulative comment.

Through the accent necessary manipulators, this or that event is illuminated. At the same time, any undesirable event for manipulators when using such a technology can take the opposite color. It all depends on how manipulators will prevent one or another material, with what comments.

24. Admission (approximation) to power.

A similar type of manipulation is based on such a property of the psyche of most individuals, as a radical change in their views in case of such a person with the necessary powerful powers. (A rather bright example - D.O. Rogozin, who was in opposition to power - recall the statement of Rogozin in connection with the ban on the CEC for registration of V. Gerashchenko as a candidate for presidents, recall the hunger strike in the State Duma with the demands of the ministers of the government's socio-economic block, remember Other sayings of Rogozin, incl. About the party of power and about the President of the country - and recall the speeches of Rogozin after its appointment by the Permanent Representative of Russia when organizing the North Atlantic Treaty (NATO) in Brussels, i.e. a major official representing Russia in the enemy organization. )

25. Repetition.

This method of manipulation is quite simple. It is only necessary to repeat any information so that such information is deposited in the memory of the mass media audience and was further used. At the same time, manipulators should simplify the text as much as possible and to achieve its susceptibility per low-intellectual public. Oddly enough, almost only in this case, you can be sure that the necessary information will not only be reported to the mass viewer, reader or listener, but will be correctly perceived. And such an effect can be achieved by repeated repetition of simple phrases. In this case, the information is first firmly fixed in the subconscious of the listeners, and then influence their consciousness, which means that the accomplishment of actions, the semantic shade of which is secretly laid in the information for the mass media audience.

26. True - half.

This method of manipulation lies in the fact that only part of reliable information is presented to the public, while the other part explaining the possibility of the existence of the first part, the manipulators are dragging. (An example of the restructuring times, when rumors were spreading that the Union republics allegedly contain the RSFSR. At the same time, as it were, they had forgotten about the subsidies of Russia. As a result of the deception of the population of the republics friendly to us, these republics first came out of the USSR, and after part of their population began to come to Earnings to Russia.)

The third unit of manipulation techniques.

Speech Psychotechnics (V.M. Kandyba, 2002).

In the case of such an impact, it is forbidden to apply the methods of direct information impact, said in an order basis, replacing the last request or proposal, and at the same time applying the following verbal tricks:

1) Truisms.

In this case, the manipulator says what is in reality, but in fact a fraudulent strategy is hidden in his words. For example, a manipulator wishes to sell goods in a wonderful place in a beautiful packaging. He does not say: "Buy"! And he says: "Well, cold! Excellent, very cheap sweaters! Everyone buy, you will not find such cheap sweaters! " and turns in the hands of packs with sweaters.

As Academician V.M. Kandyba, such an unobtrusive purchase offer, is more addressed to the subconscious, it works better, as it corresponds to the truth and the critical barrier of consciousness passes. Really "cold" (this is already one unconscious "yes"), really the package and the sweater pattern is beautiful (the second "yes"), and really very cheap (the third "yes"). Therefore, without any words "buy!" The object of manipulations is born, as it seems to him, independent, they themselves decide to buy on the cheap and on the occasion of an excellent thing, often not even unfolding the package, but only asking the size.

2) the illusion of choice.

In this case, as it seems to be in the usual phrase of the manipulator about the presence of any product or phenomenon, some kind of hidden statement is increasing, which is defiantly acting on the subconscious, forcing the will of the manipulator. For example, you do not ask you, you will buy or not, but they say: "What are you pretty! And it fits you, and this thing looks great! What will you take, that or this? ", And the manipulator with a sympathy looks at you, as if the question is that you buy this thing is already resolved. Indeed, in the last phrase of the manipulator, a trap is contained for consciousness, imitating your right to choose from. But in fact, you are deceived, since the choice of "buy - not to buy" is replaced by choosing "buy it or buy something."

3) Commands hidden in matters.

In a similar case, the manipulator is hiding its installation team under the guise of a request. For example, you need to cover the door. You can say someone: "Go and close the door!", But it will be worse than if your order to issue a request for: "I ask you very much, could you cover the door?" The second option works better, and the person does not feel deceived.

4) moral deadlock.

This case is a deception of consciousness; The manipulator, asking the opinion of any product, after receiving the answer, sets the following question in which the installation for performing the action required by the manipulator is concluded. For example, the seller-manipulator persuades not to buy, but "just try" your product. In this case, we have a trap for consciousness, since nothing dangerous or bad seems to be offered to him and like full freedom of any decision is preserved, but in fact it is enough to try how the seller sets the other tricky question at once: "Well, how did you like it? Liked? ", And although it seems to be about feelings of taste, but in fact the question sounds:" Will you buy or not? " And since the thing is objectively tasty, then you can't tell the seller's question to say that you didn't like it, and answer what "liked", thereby giving an invalid consent to the purchase. Moreover, as soon as you answer the seller, I liked how he, without waiting for other words, already weighs the goods and you, as it were, it is inconvenient to give up the purchase, especially since the seller selects and imposes the best that he has (from that What can be seen). Conclusion - you need to think about a hundred times before you see like a harmless offer.

5) Speech reception: "What ... - that ...".

The essence of this speech psychotic is that the manipulator binds what happens to what he needs. For example, the seller of the caps, seeing that the buyer will turn the hat for a long time in his hands, thinking to buy or not to buy, says that the client is lucky, as he found exactly the hat that he is best. They say, the more I look at you - the more I am convinced that it is.

6) coding.

After the manipulation has worked, the manipulators encode their victim to amnesia (forgetting) of all that is happening. For example, if the Gypsy (as an extra-class specialist in hypnosis in reality, street manipulation) took a ring or chain from the victim or a chain, then she definitely utters the phrase before parting: "You don't know me and never see me! These things are the ring and chain - others! You have never seen them! " In this case, if the hypnosis was shallow, the charm ("charm" - as a mandatory component of the suggestion in reality) takes place in a few minutes. With deep hypnosis - coding can be maintained years.

7) Stirlitz method.

Since the person in any conversation is better remembering the beginning and the end, it is necessary not only to enter the conversation correctly, but also the necessary words that the object of manipulations must remember - put to the end of the conversation.

8) Speech trick "Three Stories".

In the case of such a reception, the following method of programming of human psyche is carried out. You tell some three stories. But an unusual way. First, you begin to tell the story number 1. In the middle it is interrupted and begin to tell the story No. 2. In the middle and it is interrupted, and they begin to tell the story number 3, which is fully told. Then the manipulator is announced by history No. 2, and after - completes history No. 1. As a result of such a method of programming the psyche, history No. 1 and No. 2 - are recognized and remembered. And History No. 3 is quickly forgotten and unforgettable, and therefore, being displaced from consciousness, placed in the subconscious. But the point is that just in history No. 3, the manipulators laid instructions and commands to subconscious objects of manipulations, which means you can be sure that through time this person will begin to perform psychological installations entered into its subconsciousness, and at the same time will consider that they come from him. The introduction of information to the subconscious is a reliable way to program the person to perform the installations required by manipulators.

9) allegory.

As a result of such an impact of processing consciousness, the information necessary for the manipulator is hidden among the history, which the manipulator sets out allegorically and metaphorically. The bottom line is that just hidden meaning is the thought that I decided to lay a manipulator into your consciousness. Moreover, the brighter and more painfully the story is described, the easier the information to turn the barrier of criticality and introduce information to the subconscious. Later, such information "will start working" often just at the moment, the onset of which or was initially laid; Or the code was laid by activating which the manipulator every time it is necessary to achieve effect.

10) The method "as soon as ... then ...".

Very curious method. This is how it describes him. Kandyba: "Reception" as soon as ... then ... "This speech trick lies in the fact that it is fortunate, for example, a gypsy, anticipating any sure of the upcoming action of the client, says, for example:" As soon as you see your line Life, you will immediately understand me! " Here, the subconscious logic of the client's look at his palm (on the "Life Line") of the Gypsy logically joins the increasing confidence in himself and everything that she does. At the same time, the gypsy deftly inserts a trap for consciousness to the end of the phrase "I will immediately understand me", the intonation of which means another, hidden from the consciousness of the present meaning - "Immediately agree with everything I do."

11) dispersion.

The method is quite interesting and efficient. It consists in the fact that the manipulator, telling you some story, allocates its installation in any way that violates the monotony of speech, including the so-called "anchors" (the technique of "anchoring" refers to the technique of neurolynguistic programming). Allocate the speech is possible intonation, volume, touch, gestures, etc. Thus, such installations seem to be scattered among other words, of which the information flow of this story is. And later - the subconscious of the object of manipulations will respond only to these words, intonation, gestures, and so on. In addition, according to Academician V.M. Kandyb, hidden teams, scattering among the whole conversation, are very effective and work is much better than expressed in a different way. To do this, you need to be able to speak with the expression, and emphasize - when required - the necessary words, skillfully allocate pauses, and so on.

The following methods of manipulative impacts on the subconscious are distinguished with the purpose of programming human behavior (object of manipulation):

Kinesthetic methods (most effective): touching hand, touching your head, any stroking, patted on the shoulder, shake hands, touching the fingers of the hands, overlaying brushes on the brush client from above, taking a client's brush into their own brushes and others.

Emotional methods: an increase in emotion at the right moment, a decrease in emotion, emotional exclamations or gestures.

Speech methods: Changing the speech volume (louder, quieter); Changing the speech pace (faster, slower, pause); change of intonation (increase-down); Related sounds (tapping, clicking with your fingers); changing the localization of the sound source (right, on the left, on top, from below, in front, rear); Changing voice timbre (imperative, team, hard, soft, insinuating, stretching).

Visual methods: facial expansion of eyes, gesticulation of hands, finger movements, change of body position (tilt, turns), change of the position of the head (turns, slopes, lifts), a characteristic sequence of gestures (pantomimic), rubbing its own chin.

Written ways. In any written text, you can insert hidden information using the scatter technique, while the desired words are isolated: the size of the font, another font, by another color, paragraph indent, the new line, etc.

12) The method of the "old reaction".

According to this method, it is necessary to remember that if in some situation a person reacts to any irritant, then after some time you can again subjected this person to the action of such an irritant, and the old reaction will automatically work, although the conditions and the situation may differ significantly. From the one in which the reaction manifested itself for the first time. The classic example of an "old reaction" is when the child suddenly attacked the child in the child's park. The child was very frightened and subsequently in any, even the safest and harmless, the situation at the sight of a dog is automatically, i.e. Unconsciously, the "old reaction" arises: fear.

Such reactions are pain, temperature, kinesthetic (touches), taste, hearing, olfactory, etc., therefore, according to the mechanism of the "old reaction", a number of basic conditions are necessary:

a) a reflective reaction should be fixed several times.

b) The used stimulus should in their characteristics as much as possible with the stimulus applied for the first time.

c) the best and more reliable is a complex stimulus that uses the reaction of several senses simultaneously.

If you need to establish dependency on your other person (object manipulation), it is necessary:

1) cause the reaction of joy during the objects of the object;

2) consolidate a similar reaction by any of the signaling methods (so-called "anchors" in NLP);

3) if it is necessary to encode the mental object - "activate" anchor at the required moment. In this case, in response to your information, which in your opinion should be postponed in the object's memory, a positive associative series will have a positive associative series, which means the barrier of the psyche criticality will be broken, and such a person (object) will be "programmed" to exercise Announced after you entered the encoding. At the same time, it is recommended to check itself first several times before consolidating the "anchors" to the facial expressions, gestures, changed intonation and so on. Remember the reflex reaction of the object on the words positive for his psyche (for example, pleasant memories of the object), and choose a reliable key (head slope, voice, touch, so on.)

The fourth block of manipulation.

Manipulation by television. (S.K. Kara-Murza, 2007).

1) Factory Facts.

In this case, the effect of manipulation occurs as a result of small deviations used when filing material, but in force always in one direction. Manipulators speak the truth only when the truth can be easily checked. In other cases - try to present the material in the key we need. And the lies becomes most effective when it rests on the stereotype laid in the subconscious.

2) Selection for material of reality events.

In this case, the effective condition of the programming of thinking is to control the media in order to submit unified information, but various words. At the same time, the activities of the opposition media are allowed. But their activities should be controlled and not go beyond the broadcast resolved by him. In addition to this, the media is used. The principle of democracy of noise, when an unnecessary manipulator message simply should die under a powerful emission of versatile information.

3) Gray and black information.

In the second half of the twentieth century, the media began to use psychological warms. The American military dictionary of 1948 gives psychological war Such a definition: "These are planned propaganda activities that influence the views, emotions, positions and behavior of enemy, neutral or friendly foreign groups in order to support national policies." In the leadership (1964) it is said that the purpose of such a war is "undermining the political and social structure of the country ... to such a degree of degradation of the national consciousness, that the state becomes not capable of resistance."

4) big psychosis.

The secret problems of the media is to transform the citizens of our country into a single mass (crowd), in order to overall regulation of the spread of the flow of information, which is treated with consciousness and subconscious of people. As a result, it is easier to manage such a crowd, and the average manner unlucky believes the most ridiculous allegations.

5) Approval and repetition.

In this case, information is applied as ready templates that actively use the stereotypes available in the subconscious. The approval in any speech means a refusal of the discussion, since the power of the idea that may be subject to discussion, loses any believing. In the thinking of man, Kara-Murza notes, so-called. Mosaic type of culture. The media are a factor in strengthening this type of thinking, an escape person to think with stereotypes, and does not include intelligence when analyzing media materials. G.Bon noted that with the help of repetition, information is being introduced into the depths of the subconscious, where the motives of subsequent actions of a person are born. Excessive repetition is dulling consciousness, forcing any information with almost no change in the subconscious. And from the subconscious, after a certain period of time, such information goes into consciousness.

6) crushing and urgency.

In this method of manipulation of the media used, holistic information is divided into fragments so that the person cannot connect them into one and comprehend the problem. (For example, articles in the newspaper are divided into parts and placed on different pages; Text or TV shows are broken by advertising.) Professor G. Siller explains the effectiveness of this admission: "When the holistic nature of the social problem is deliberately by the party, and the fragmentary information about it is offered as a reliable "Information", the results of this approach are always the same: misunderstanding ... apathy and, as a rule, indifference. " Blowing into pieces information about an important event, it is possible to drastically reduce the impact of the message or to deprive it.

7) Simplification, stereotyping.

This type of manipulation is based on the fact that a person is a product of mosaic culture. His consciousness was created by the media. The media, in contrast to high culture, are intended for mass. Therefore, harsh restrictions on the complexity and originality of messages were installed in them. The justification for this is the rule that the mass representative is able to adequately assimilate only simple information, so any new information is adjusted under the stereotype so that a person perceives information without effort and internal analysis.

8) sensationality.

In this case, the principle of such a presentation is preserved, when it is impossible from individual parts or is very difficult to compile a single whole. At the same time there is any pseudo-sensation. And already under the cover of it - it is silent of this important news (if this news for some reason is dangerous for circles controlling the media).

Continuous bombardment of consciousness, especially "bad news", performs an important function of maintaining the necessary level of "nervousness" in the society, draws attention to prof. S.G. Kara-Murza. Such a nervousness, a feeling of a continuous crisis, dramatically increases the impression of people and reduces the ability to criticize perception.

9) Changes in the meaning of words and concepts.

Manipulators from the media in this case will freely interpret the words of any person. In this case, the context changes, often taking the form directly opposite or at least distorted. A vivid example leads prof. S.G. Kara-Murza, telling that when Roman dad during a visit to one of the countries asked how he belongs to the houses of tolerance, he was surprised that, they say, are they there. After that, an emergency message appeared in the newspapers: "The first thing asked dad, stepping on our land, do we have houses of tolerance?"

Fifth block of manipulations.

Manipulation of consciousness (S.A. Zelinsky, 2003).

1. Provocation of suspicion.

The manipulator initially puts the subject in critical conditions when I am convinced by a statement type: "Do you think I will persuade you? ..", which suggests that. The opposite effect, when the one is spent on the manipulation begins to convince the manipulator in the opposite, and thus, pronouncing several times the installation is unconsciously inclined to the opinion of the honesty in something convinced of his person. Whereas for all conditions honesty this false. But if under certain conditions he would understand that in this situation the face between the lie and susceptibility is erased. So the manipulator is achieved its goal.

Protection is not to pay attention and believe in yourself.

2. False opponent's benefit.

The manipulator with his definite words, as it should initially question his own arguments, referring to allegedly more favorable conditions in which his opponent is located. What, in turn, makes this opponent justify in the desire to convince the partner and remove the suspicion. Thus, the one over whom the manipulation took place, unconsciously removes any installation on the censorship of the psyche, on defense, allowing to penetrate the attack on the side of the manipulator in his own defenseless psyche. Words of the manipulator, possible in such a situation: "You say so, because now it requires your position ..."

Protection - such words as: "Yes, I say so because I have such a position, I'm right, and you must obey me and obey."

3. Aggressive conversation manner.

When using this reception, the manipulator takes an initially high and aggressive tempo of speech than unconsciously weak the will of the opponent. In addition, the opponent in this case cannot properly process all the information received. What forces him to agree with the information from the manipulator, the unconsciously, besides, wanting all this to stop.

Protection - make an artificial pause, interrupt a fast paced, reduce the aggressive conversation, translate the dialogue in a calm bed. If necessary, for some time you can delete, i.e. Interrupt a conversation and after - when the manipulator calms down - to continue the conversation.

4. Imaginary misunderstanding.

In this case, a certain trick is achieved as follows. The manipulator, referring to the clarification for himself the correctness just heard, repeat the words you say, but bringing your meaning in them. Pronounced words can like: "Sorry, whether I understood you correctly, you say that ...", - and then he repeats 60-70% of what he heard from you, but the final meaning distorts by entering other information, the information is necessary for him .

Protection is a clear clarification, reversing back and re-explain to the manipulator that you meant when they talked to something.

5. False agreement.

In this case, the manipulator seems to agree with the information received from you, but immediately contributes to the adjustments. According to the principle: "Yes, yes, everything is right, but ...".

Protection - believe in yourself and not pay attention to manipulative techniques in conversation with you.

6. Provocation on the scandal.

On time, the manipulator is trying on time to cause anger, rage, misunderstanding, insult, and so on to bring you out of themselves, and achieve the outlined result.

Protection is a firm character, strong will, cold mind.

7. Specific terminology.

This method, the manipulator seeks you to have an unconscious attachment of your status, as well as the development of the feeling of inconvenience, as a result of which you are of false modesty or insecurity, feel free to ask the meaning of this or that term, which allows the manipulator the opportunity to turn the situation into the right direction The need for allegedly your approval of the early words spoken to them. Well, the addition of the status of the interlocutor in the conversation allows you to be in the initially advantageous position and achieve as a result of the necessary one.

Protection is to ask asked, check, take a pause and come back if necessary, referring to the desire to better understand what is required of you.

8. Using the effect of false suspicion of your words.

Applying a similar position of psycho-exposure to the manipulator, as it were, initially puts the interlocutor to the position of defending. An example of a monologue used: "You think I will persuade you in something, convinced ...", - that, as it may cause a desire to convince the manipulator that it is not so that you are to it (to the manipulator), it is originally well located and t. Thus, the object seems to reveal himself for an unconscious consent with those words of the manipulator who will follow this.

Protection - words such as: "Yes. I think that you have to try to convince me, otherwise I will not believe you and the further continuation of the conversation will not work. "

The manipulator operates quotes from the speeches of famous and significant people, the specifics of the mains and the principles of adopted in society and so on. Thus, the manipulator unconsciously lies you status, they say, look, all the distinguished and famous people say so, and you consider it quite different, and who are you, and who they are, etc., - Approximately such an associative chain can unconsciously appear in the object of manipulations unconsciously , after which the object, actually, is such an object and becomes.

Protection - faith in its exception and "Final".

10. Formation of false stupidity and unsuccessfulness.

Type statement is trite, it is a complete misery and so on, - should form the initial unconscious attachment from the object of manipulations, and to form an artificial dependence on its opinions from others, which prepares the dependence of this person from the manipulator. So, the manipulator can practically be safely promoted through the object of manipulation his ideas, connecting the object to solve the problems required by the manipulator. That is, in other words, the soil for manipulations is already prepared by the manipulation themselves.

Protection - not to succumb to provocations and believing in your own mind, knowledge, experience, education, so on.

11. imposing thoughts.

In this case, through constantly or periodically repeated phrases, the manipulator teaches an object to any information that is going to convey to it.

On such manipulation, the principle of advertising is being built. When, at first, any information appears in front of you (and independently of your conscious approval or denying it), and then, when a person faces the need to choose any product, unconsciously from several types of goods of unknown brands, he chooses the one about which already Somewhere heard. And based on the fact that by means of advertising, an exceptionally positive opinion about the product comes, then a significantly greater chance that an exceptionally positive opinion about this product is formed in an unconscious person.

Protection is the initial critical analysis of any received information.

12. Disposal, with hints for some special circumstances.

This is a way to manipulate through a special kind of non-refundable, forming false confidence in the object of manipulation in the object of manipulation, by means of the unconscious sum of these or other situations. And when in the end it turns out that he "did not understand", there is practically no any component of the protest in such a person, since it is unconsciously it remains sure that he himself is to blame, because it does not understand. Thus, the object of manipulations is forced (unconsciously - consciously) takes the rules of the game imposed on him.

In the context of this circumstance, it most likely makes sense to be divided into manipulation, taking into account as an unexpected object and forced when the object ultimately understands that he has become a victim of manipulations, but forced to take them due to the impossibility of conflict with his own conscience and some kind of laid In his psyche, installations in the form of behavioral norms based on certain associations of society, which do not give such a person (object) to make a reference. Moreover, the agreement on its part can be dictated as falsely caused by a sense of guilt and a kind of moral masochism, which will force themselves unconsciously.

In this situation, the object of manipulation falls into the trap of the manipulator playing on its own alleged inattention, so that after having achieved his own, refer to the fact that he allegedly did not notice (listened) protest from the opponent. At the same time, he actually puts the object before the fact of the perfect.

Protection is to specify and ask for an uncompanyable you.

14. Refraction of irony.

As a result of the thoughts of their thoughts about the insignificance of their own status, the manipulator is forcing the object to approve the opposite and in every way to elevate the manipulator. Thus, subsequent manipulator actions are not noticeable for the object of manipulation.

Protection - If the manipulator believes that he is "insignificant" - it is necessary to continue to give it to the will, intensifying this feeling, so that him and thoughts no longer arise to manipulate you, and at the sight of you the manipulator there was a desire to obey you or bypassing you .

15. Orientation for the pros.

In this case, the manipulator concentrates the conversation only on the pros, thereby promoting his idea and ultimately seeking manipulations over the psyche of another person.

Protection - to make a number of contradictory statements, be able to say "no", etc.

Sixth unit manipulation.

Personality manipulation (Greachev, I. Melnik, 1999).

1. "Wedding labels".

This technique is to choose offensive epithets, metaphors, titles, etc. ("Labels") to designate a person, organization, ideas, any social phenomenon. Such "shortcuts" cause an emotionally negative attitude of others, they are associated with low (dishonest and socially humored) actions (behavior) and, thus, used in order to relieve the identity, expressed ideas and suggestions, organization, social group or subject of discussion In the eyes of the audience.

2. "Shining generalizations".

This technique is to replace the name or designation of a certain social phenomenon, ideas, organizations, social group or a specific person more general name, which has a positive emotional color and causes a friendly attitude of others. Such a reception is based on the use of positive feelings and emotions of people to certain concepts and words, for example, such as "freedom", "patriotism", "peace", "happiness", "love", "success", "victory", etc. P .. this kind of words carrying positive psycho-emotional effects are used to drag solutions that are beneficial for a particular person, group or organization.

3. "Transfer" or "Transfer".

The essence of this reception consists in a skillful, unobtrusive and imperceptible to most people to spread the authority and prestige of what is appreciated and respected that they present the source of communication. The use of the "transfer" is formed by associative connections of the present-end facility with anyone or anything that has the value and significance of others. In addition, a negative "transfer" is also used for the emergence of associations with negative and socially humored events, actions, facts, people, etc., which is necessary to discredit specific persons, ideas, situations, social groups or organizations.

The content of this technique is to bring the statements of personalities with high authority or vice versa, such that cause a negative response from the category of people in which manipulative effects are directed. Used statements usually contain estimated judgments against people, ideas, events, etc., and express their condemnation or approval. Thus, a person, as an object of manipulative impact, is initiated by the formation of an appropriate relationship - positive or negative.

5. "Playing in simpleness".

The purpose of this reception is to attempt to establish trust relationships with the audience, as with people close to the spirit on the basis of the fact that both the manipulator itself and the ideas are correct, as they are oriented towards a simple person. This technique is actively used in advertising and information promotion and various kinds of propaganda for the formation of the selected image - "man from the people" - for the formation of confidence in him.

6. "Pereravasovka" or "Sweating Maps".

7. "Shared car."

When using this reception, the selection of judgments, statements, phrases requiring uniformity in the behavior, creating the impression as if they do everything. Message, for example, can begin with the words: "All normal people understand that ..." or "no sensible person will not object that ...", etc. Through a "common platform", a person is faced with a sense of confidence that most members of a certain social community, with which he identifies itself or the opinion of which is significant for him, take such values, ideas, programs, etc.

8. Crushing of information feeding, redundancy, high pace.

Especially often such techniques are used on television. As a result of such a massive shelling of the consciousness of people (for example, cruelty on TV), they cease to critically take what is happening, and perceive as meaningless incidents. In addition, the viewer, following the quick speech of the speaker or the host, misses the reference to the source of the information and in his imagination already all binds and coordinate the uncoordinated parts of the perceived programs.

9. "Mockery".

When using this technique, ridiculous can be subjected to both specific individuals and views, ideas, programs, organizations and their activities, various associations of people against which the struggle is being conducted. The choice of the object of ridiculous is carried out depending on the purposes and specific information and communicative situations. The effect of this reception is based on the fact that during the ridicule of individual statements and elements of human behavior, a humorous and non-serious attitude is initiated, which automatically applies to other statements and views. When used by the use of such a reception, the formation of a particular person of the "non-serious" person, whose statements do not deserve confidence.

10. "Method of negative classroom groups".

In this case, it is argued that any combination of views is the only right. All who share these views is better than those who do not share (and share others, often opposite). For example, pioneers or Komsomol members are better than informal youth. Pioneers and Komsomol members are honest, responsive, if the Komsomol residents call on the service in the army - they are excellent students of combat and political training. And informal youth - punks, hippie, and so on. - Not good youth. Thus, one group of the other is opposed. Accordingly, different accents of perception are highlighted.

11. "Repetition of slogans" or "Repetition of template phrases".

The main condition for the efficiency of using this technique is the right slogan. The slogan is a brief statement formulated in such a way as to attract attention and influence the imagination and feelings of the reader or listener. The slogan must be adapted to the features of the psyche of the target audience (i.e. groups of people who need to be influenced). The use of the reception of the "repetition of slogans" suggests that the listener or reader will not think about the meaning of individual words used in the slogan, nor over the correctness of the whole wording as a whole. To the definition of the city of Greacheva and I. Melnik, we can add that the shortness of the slogan allows the information to freely penetrate the subconscious mind, programming the psyche, and giving birth psychological attitudes and patterns of behaviors that are subsequently serve as an actions algorithm for humans (mass, crowd) Received such installations.

12. "Emotional adjustment".

This technique can be defined as a way to create a mood with simultaneous transmission of specific information. The mood is caused among a group of people with various means (external environment, a certain time of day, lighting, light excitations, music, songs, etc.). Against this background, the corresponding information is transmitted, but they seek to ensure that it is too much. Most often, this technique is used in theatrical representations, game and show programs, religious (religious) events, etc.

13. "Promotion through mediators".

This technique is based on the fact that the process of perceiving significant information, certain values, views, ideas, evaluations has a two-stage character. This means that an effective informational impact on a person is often carried out not through the media, but through authoritative people for him. This phenomenon is reflected in the two-stage communication flow model developed in the mid-50s in the US field Lazarsfeld. In the model proposed by him, the allocated two-stage mass communication process is taken into account, firstly, as the interaction between the communicator and the "leaders of opinion", and secondly, as the interaction of leaders of opinions with members of microocial groups. As "leaders of opinions", informal leaders, politicians, representatives of religious denominations, cultural, science, art, athletes, military, etc. can be played. In the practice of the information and psychological impact of the media, this led to the fact that advocacy and advertising messages became more oriented on the persons whose opinions are significantly for others. (i.e., the estimates and advertising promotion of goods are carried out by "movie stars" and other popular persons). The manipulative effect is intensified by inclusion in entertainment programs, interviews, etc. Direct or indirect estimates of such leaders of any occurrence of events, which contributes to the provision of the desired influence on the subconscious level of the human psyche.

14. "Imaginary Choice".

The essence of this technique is that the listeners or readers are reported to several different points of view on a certain issue, but so as to imperceptibly submit the one in the most advantageous light that it wants to be adopted by the audience. For this purpose, several additional receptions are commonly used: a) include so-called "bilateral messages" in propaganda materials, which contain arguments for and against a certain position. Such a "bilateral message" proacts the arguments of the opponent; b) Positive and negative elements are dispensed. Those. In order for a positive assessment to look more believable, it is necessary to add a little criticism to the characteristic of the described point of view, and the effectiveness of the condemning position increases in the case of the presence of praise elements; c) Selects the facts of strengthening or weakening statements. Conclusions are not included in the text of the following messages. They should be done by those for whom the information is intended; d) Operating with comparative materials to enhance the importance, demonstration of trends and the scale of events, phenomena. All actual data used is selected in such a way that the desired conclusion is quite obvious.

15. "Initiation of the Information Wave".

Effective information impact technique on large groups of people is to initiate a secondary information wave. Those. Such an event is offered, which clearly picks up and starts replicating the media. At the same time, initial lighting in one media can pick up other media, which will strengthen the power of information and psychological impact. Thus, the so-called is created. "Primary" information wave. The main purpose of using this technique is to create a secondary information wave at the level of interpersonal communication through the initiation of relevant discussions, assessments, rumors. All this allows strengthening the effect of information and psychological impact on target audiences.

Seventh block of manipulation.

Manipulative techniques used during discussions and discussions. (Greachev, I. Melnik, 2003)

1. Dosing source information base.

The materials necessary for discussion are not provided to the participants on time, or are selectively. Some participants in the discussion, "no matter how random," distribute an incomplete set of materials, and in the course it turns out that someone, unfortunately, was not aware of the entire information. "Walk" work documents, letters, appeals, notes and everything else, which may affect the process and results of the discussion in a disadvantage. Thus, incomplete informing of some participants is carried out, which makes it difficult for them to discuss them, and for others it creates additional possibilities of using psychological manipulations.

2. " Excess informing. "

Reverse option. It is that it is preparing overly many projects, proposals, solutions, etc., whose comparison in the discussion process is impossible. Especially when a large amount of materials are proposed for discussion in a short time, and therefore their qualitative analysis is difficult.

3. Formation of opinions by targeted selection of speakers.

The word is provided first to those whose opinion is known and arranges the organizer of the manipulative impact. In this way, the desired installation of the discussion participants is being established, because the change in the primary installation requires a lot of effort than its formation. To implement the formation of the necessary manipulators of installations, the discussion may also end or interrupt after a person's speech, the position of which corresponds to the views of manipulators.

4. Double standard in the norms of evaluation of the behavior of participants in the discussions.

Some protruders are hard limited in compliance with the regulations and rules of relationships during the discussion, others, allow you to move away from them and violate the established rules. The same thing happens on the nature of the permissible statements: some do not notice the sharp statements to opponents, the others make comments, etc. A variant is possible when the regulations are not specifically established so that you can choose a more convenient line of behavior along the way. At the same time, or smoothing the positions of opponents and "pull-up" them to the desired point of view, or, on the contrary, the differences in their positions are carried out up to incompatible and mutually exclusive points of view, as well as bringing the discussion to the absurdity.

5. "maneuvering" agenda of discussion.

In order to make it easier to be "necessary" the question first "the pairs are produced" (initiating a surge of emotions of the gathered) on insignificant and irrelevant issues, and then, when everyone is tired or under the impression of the previous crossing, the question is, who want to discuss without reinforced criticism.

5. Management of discussion process.

In public discussions, the Word alternately is provided to the most aggressive representatives of opposition groups that allow mutual insults, which are either not completely supposed, or supposed only for visibility. As a result of such a manipulative stroke, the atmosphere of the discussion is heated to critical. Thus, a discussion of an urgent topic may be discontinued. Another way is an unexpected interruption of unwanted speaking, or deliberately transfers to the consideration of another topic. This technique is often used in the course of commercial negotiations, when the secretary brings the secretary to a predetermined signal of the head, the "important" call is organized, etc.

6. Restrictions on the discussion procedure.

When using this reception, proposals regarding the discussion procedure are ignored; unwanted unwanted facts, questions, arguments; Not given the word to participants who can lead to undesirable changes in the course of the discussion. The decisions made are fixed hard, it is not allowed to return to them even if new data is admitted to develop final decisions.

7. Refpering.

A brief reformulation of issues, proposals, arguments, in the process of which the accents displacement take place in the desired side. At the same time, arbitrary summunction can be carried out, in which in the process of summarizing the results there is a change in emphasis in the conclusions, presenting the positions of opponents, their views, the results of the discussion in the desired side. In addition, during interpersonal communication, you can increase your status using a certain placement of furniture and resorting to a number of techniques. For example, to have a visitor at a lower chair, have a host of the host diplomas in the office on the walls, during discussions and negotiations to demonstratively use the attributes of power and authority.

8. Psychological tricks.

This group includes techniques based on the irritation of the opponent, using the feeling of shame, inattention, humiliation of personal qualities, a flattery, the game on the pride and other individual psychological characteristics of a person.

9. Opponent irritation.

The removal of ridicule from equilibrium, unfair accusations and other ways, until he is "boiling." At the same time, it is important that the opponent not only came to the irritation state, but also made an erroneous or unfavorable statement for his position in the discussion. This technique is actively used in explicit form as the addition of an opponent or in more veiled, in combination with irony, indirect hints implicitly, but recognizable by subtext. Acting similarly, the manipulator may emphasize, for example, such negative features of the object of the manipulative effect, like non-formation, ignorance in a certain area, etc.

10. Self-ability.

This trick is an indirect admission of renovation of the opponent. Only not saying right "who are you", but by that "who is me" and "who you argue with whom" follows the corresponding conclusion. Such expressions can be used as: "... I am the head of a large enterprise, region, industry, institutions, etc.", "... I had to solve large tasks ...", "... before you claim This ... you need to visit the leader at least ... "," ... before discussing and criticizing ... it is necessary to gain experience in solving problems at least in scale ... ", etc.

11. The use of strangers for opponent words, theories and terms.

The trick is manifested if the opponent is ashamed to be asked and preventing that he took these arguments, realized the meaning of the terms for him. For similar words or phrases, the desire to discredit the personal qualities of the object of manipulation. Special efficiency from the use of unfamiliar to most slang takes place in situations where the object does not have the opportunity to object or clarify what was meant, and can also be exacerbated by using a rapid tempo of speech and many thoughts that change one other during the discussion. Moreover, it is important to note that the manipulation of the use of scientific terms is considered only in cases if such a statement is made consciously for the psychological impact on the object of manipulation.

12. " Playing "arguments.

In this case, manipulators play for flattery, vanity, arrogance, increased self-conceit of the object of manipulation. For example, he is bribed with the words that he "... as a person insightful and erudite, intellectually developed and competent sees the internal logic of the development of this phenomenon ..." Thus, an ambitious person is put in front of a dilemma - either to accept this point of view, or reject the flattering public assessment And enter into a dispute, the outcome of which is not predicting enough.

13. Disruption or care from the discussion.

Such a manipulative effect is carried out with demonstrative use of resentment. For example, "... With you it is impossible to constructively discuss serious questions ..." Or "... Your behavior makes it impossible to continue our meeting ...", or "I am ready to continue this discussion, but only after you put on your own nerves ... ", etc. A disruption of a discussion using conflict providing is carried out by using a variety of appropriate techniques from the use of an opponent, when a discussion goes into an ordinary passage at all that is not fully associated with the original topic. In addition, such tricks can be used as: interruption, interrupting, rising voice, demonstrative acts of behavior, showing the reluctance to listen and disrespect to the opponent. After their application, statements are made by type: "... it is impossible to talk to you, because you do not give a single intelligible answer for any question"; "... You cannot talk to you, because you do not give the opportunity to express not the coinciding from your point of view ...", etc.

14. Reception "Warm arguments."

Used in two main varieties that differ in the target. If the goal is pursued to interrupt a discussion, psychologically suppressing the opponent, referring to the so-called. The highest interests without deciphering these higher interests and without reasoning the reasons for which they are applied to them. In this case, use sayings like: "Do you understand what you eat ?! ...", etc. If you need to force the object of manipulations at least to externally agree with the proposed point of view, then such arguments that the object can take from the fear of something unpleasant, dangerous, or to which it cannot respond in accordance with its views on the same reasons . Similar arguments may include such judgments as: "... This is denial of the constitutionally enshrined institute of the presidency, the system of higher legislative bodies, undermining the constitutional basis of society's life ...". It can simultaneously be combined with an indirect form of label hanging, for example, "... It is precisely such statements contribute to provoking social conflicts ...", or "... Such arguments used in their vocabulary Nazi leaders ...", or "... You consciously Use the facts that contribute to the incitement of nationalism, anti-Semitism ... ", etc.

15. "Reading in the hearts."

It is used in two basic versions (the so-called positive and negative form). The essence of the use of this reception is that the attention of the audience moves from the content of the arguments of the opponent to allegedly the causes of it and the hidden motives why he says and defends a certain point of view, and does not agree with the arguments of the opposite side. It can increase by simultaneous use of "stick arguments" and "label hanging". For example: "... You say that protecting corporate interests ...", or "... The reason for your aggressive criticism and irreconcilable position is obvious - this is the desire to discredit progressive forces, a constructive opposition, disrupt the democratization process ... But the people are not It will assume that such pseudochers of the law prevent the satisfaction of his legitimate interests ... ", etc. Sometimes "reading in the hearts" takes shape when the motive is found that does not allow to speak in favor of the opposite side. This technique can be combined not only with "wandering arguments", but also to "lubricating the argument." For example: "... Your decency, excessive modesty and a false shame do not allow you to recognize this obvious fact and thereby support this progressive undertaking, on which the decision depends, with the hope and hope of expected by our voters ...", etc. .

16. Logic-psychological tricks.

Their name is due to the fact that on the one hand, they can be built on violation of logic laws, and on the other, on the contrary, use formal logic to manipulate the object. In antiquity, the Sophism was known, requiring the answer "yes" or "no" to the question "did you stop beat your father?" Any answer is difficult, since if the answer is "yes", then it means before Bill, and if the answer is "no", then the object beats his father. There are many options for such a sophism: "... Do you write a donos all? ..", "... Have you already stopped drinking? ..", etc. Public accusations are particularly effective, and the main thing is to get a short answer and not to give a person to explain. The most common logical and psychological tricks refers to the conscious uncertainty of the possession of the thesis, or a response to the assigned question, when the thought is formulated fuzzy, vaguely, which allows it to interpret differently. In politics, this technique allows you to get out of difficult situations.

17. Failure to comply with the law of a sufficient basis.

Compliance with the formally logical law of a sufficient basis in discussions and discussions is very subjective due to the fact that the conclusion about a sufficient basis of the adopted thesis makes discussion participants. According to this law, faithful and related to the thesis arguments may not be sufficient if they are private and do not give grounds for final conclusions. In addition to formal logic in the practice of informational exchange, there is so-called. "Psycho-logic" (theory of argument), the essence of which is that the argument does not exist in itself; it is also nominated by specific people with (or not possessing) with certain knowledge, social status, personal Qualities, etc. Therefore, the special case erected into the rank of regularity often passes, if the manipulator, with side effects, can affect the object of exposure.

18. Change of emphasis in statements.

In these cases, the fact that the opponent said relative to the particular case, refutes as a general pattern. The reverse trick is that a general reasoning is opposed by one or two facts that can actually be exceptions or atypical examples. Often, during the discussion, the conclusions about the problem under discussion are made on the basis of what "lies on the surface", for example, by the side consequences of the development of any phenomenon.

19. Incomplete refutation.

In this case, the combination of a logical violation with a psychological factor applies in cases where the provisions and arguments put forward to their protection and arguments are chosen the most vulnerable, break it in a sharp form and make the form that the rest of the arguments do not even deserve attention. The trick is underway if the opponent does not return to the topic.

20. Requirement of a unambiguous answer.

Using phrases like: "Do not see ..", "tell me clearly, with all ...", "tell me straight ...", etc. - The object of manipulation is offered to give an unambiguous answer "yes" or "no" to the question of requiring a detailed answer or when the uniqueness of the answer can lead to an incorrect understanding of the essence of the problem. In the audience with a low educational level, such a trick can be perceived as a manifestation of principle, determination and directness.

21. Artificial dispute offset.

In this case, starting discussing any position, the manipulator tries not to argue, of which this provision follows, and offers to immediately proceed to refute this. Thus, it is limited to the possibility of criticizing its own position, and the dispute itself shifts on the argument of the opposite side. In the event that the opponent succumbed to this and begins to criticize the extended position, leading various arguments, try to conduct a dispute around these arguments, looking for flaws in them, but not presenting their evidence system to discuss.

22. "Multiplicity".

In the case of this manipulative reception, the object on one topic is asked several different questions at once. In the future, they act depending on his response: or accused of misunderstanding the essence of the problem, or that he did not answer the question completely, or in the desire to mislead.

The eighth block of manipulations.

Manipulative impacts depending on the type of behavior and emotion of a person. (V.M. Kandyb, 2004).

1. The first type. The main time a person spends between the usual state of consciousness and the state of ordinary night sleep.

Such a type is controlled by its education, character, habits, as well as a feeling of pleasure, the desire for safety and peace, i.e. All that is formed verbal and emotional-shaped memory. Most men's first-type men prevail an abstract mind, words and logic, and most women have the first type - common sense, feelings and fantasies. Manipulative impact should be directed to the needs of such people.

2. The second type. Dominance of trance states.

These are urgent and super-nuclear people, the behavior and reactions of which manages the psychophysiology of the right hemisphere of the brain: imagination, illusions, dreams, dreamy desires, feelings and sensations, faith in an unusual, faith in someone's authority, stereotypes, mercenary or disinterested interests (resentful or unconscious ), scenarios that occur with them events, facts and circumstances. In the case of manipulative impact, it is recommended to influence the feelings and imagination of such people.

3. Third type. Dominance of the left brain hemisphere.

Such people manage verbal information, as well as principles, beliefs and installations developed during the conscious analysis of reality. The external reactions of third-type people are determined by their formation and education, as well as critical and logical analysis of any information received from the outside world. In order to effectively influence them - it is necessary to reduce their analysis of the presentative information of them to their left, critical, hemispheres of the brain. To do this, it is recommended to present information on the background of confidence in you, and the information must be submitted strictly and weigly using strictly logical conclusions, reinforce facts exclusively by authoritative sources, to appeal not to feelings and enjoyments (instincts), and to mind, conscience, debt, morality, justice, etc.

4. Fourth type. Primitive people with the predominance of law-based instinctive animals.

In its main part, this is an uncompatible and uneducated people with an undeveloped left brain, often grown with a delay in mental development in socially disadvantaged families (alcoholics, prostitutes, drug addicts, etc.). The reactions and behavior of such people are controlled by animals instincts and needs: sexual instinct, the desire to eat well, sleep, drink, experience more pleasant pleasures. In the manipulative effect on such people, it is necessary to influence the psychophysiology of the right brain: on the experiences of the experiences and feelings, hereditary traits, stereotypes of behavior, for the prevailing feelings, mood, fancy and instincts prevailing at the moment. It must be borne in mind that this category of people thinks mostly primitively: if you satisfy their instincts and feelings - they react positively, if you do not satisfy - negatively.

5. Fifth type. People with the "expanded state of consciousness."

These are those who managed to develop a highly mining person. In Japan, such people are called "enlightened", in India - "Mahatmami", in China - "Perforated Dao-People", in Russia - "Holy Prophets and the Wonderworkers". Arabs such people are called "Saint Sufi." For such people, as noted by V.M. Kandyb, the manipulators do not affect, as "inferior to them in the professional knowledge of man and nature."

6. Sixth type. People with a predominance of pathological states in their psychophysiology.

Mainly mentally ill people. Their behavior and reactions are unpredictable, since abnormal. These people can accomplish some actions as a result of a painful motive or in captivity of some kind of hallucination. Many of the people of this type become victims of totalitarian sects. Manipulations against such people need to be carried out quickly and rigidly, cause fear in them, the feeling of unbearable pain, isolation and, if necessary, complete immobilization and a special emboss, depriving consciousness and activity.

7. Seventh type. People in whose reactions and behavior dominate the strong emotion, one or more of the main basic emotions, such as fear, pleasure, anger, etc.

Fear is one of the most powerful hypnogenic (generating hypnosis) emotions, which always arises from each person in the threat of its physical, social or other well-being. Testing fear, a person immediately falls into the narrowed, altered state of consciousness. The left brain is inhibits with its ability to reasonable, critical-analytical, verbally logical perception of what is happening, and the right brain is activated with its emotions, imagination and instincts.

© Sergey Zelinsky, 2009
© Published with the permission of the author

"Just so" nothing happens - there are no emotions, feelings and sympathies are not born. It became sad or joyfully, liked it or did not like it - all emotions pass through the subconscious. You do not notice most of what is postponed in it, and as a result, you think that all the feelings are "random."

Now imagine that you know how to lay a thought or feeling in the subconscious of another person. Before you - huge opportunities, you just need to practice.

Built-in teams - speech traps

The built-in message is part of the phrase that is allocated by intonation or gesture. A person may not pay attention to her, but she has already sneak into the subconscious and falling there.

How it works: You speak your nervous friend: "I had a friend who even led himself during the search calm and confident" Part of the phrase allocated in italics, you say with another intonation. A person who listens to you thinks about your familiar or search, and at this time the built-in team "calmly and confidently" orders him to behave this way.

Another example: You need to create a friendly atmosphere in the company, to make people feel relaxed and comfortable. You begin to tell any story, highlighting intonation words such as "pleasant", "relaxed", "happiness." The story may be about your favorite cat, a new film or adventure on the past weekend. People capture positive words and automatically apply them to themselves as the team relax and be happy. As a result, the atmosphere will become more fun and relaxed.

Rules of hidden influence

Remember, the most important thing in the hidden teams is two levels of perception. Do not combine them in meaning, and then your team will only affect consciousness.

Phrase: "Let's relax now and have fun" will not give a strong effect. People will understand your call, he will not penetrate into their subconscious, and you will see all the same dull faces. And if you tell any story with hidden teams: "Last Friday we are fine relaxingb in a bar on the N street, and fun It just started, "the mood in the company will begin to gradually improve.

Clear intonation

Change intonation only On that phrase that you need to highlight. All other words, framing your hidden teams, should usually sound, otherwise the effect is blurred. You can even apply small pauses before the hidden team and after it.

Attention to the words

With hidden teams, it is necessary to be extremely attentive and careful. Fucking negative hidden teams, they can not only create a bad mood in humans, but also to provide you with antipathy on his part.

Practice at the environment - tell a couple of stories and see how a friend or employee will change.

Just do not wait for miracles - if a wife left the wife and took half of the furniture, your story with the team "Relaxation and joy" is unlikely to make him insanely happy.

Among our environment there is a special category of people who firmly enacted the status of influential. You probably noticed how respects such people are enjoyed and authority. Their phrases are quoted, and requests are immediately performed. But how to achieve such a result? How to learn how to influence people so that they change their decisions in our favor, did our choice respected and inspired by our actions? Let's try to figure it out in this fine question.

Factors affecting human behavior

To become an authority among others, it is important to know about the existence of certain factors affecting a person. First of all, this is the perception of the surrounding reality and a way that a person has chosen to interact with it. It can be the acceptance of reality, its rejection or care from it. As far as a person has to his surroundings and what he does, you can see in its respect for others, passionateness to your work, readiness to help and sacrifice your own interests. The behavior becomes visible position of man, i.e. Permanent internally attitude towards people and various situations.

Consider some factors of influence per person:

1. Circle of friends. The environment may include various contacts and communications: emotional and service. This includes a range of close communication, which a person trusts completely, a circle of periodic communication, which includes official and business contacts, and a circle of episodic communication, which includes personal acquaintances and business partners.
2. The role of man in the team. Also is an important factor forming his behavior. The role of a person is formed in connection with his psychological peculiarities and the place he occupies in the management hierarchy. Depending on the role that a person elected for himself, you can predict his behavior and actions.
3. Type of behavior.This factor also depends on the choice of how can affect people. There are four types of behavior - independent, oriented on leadership, neutral and dependent. But, even by realizing what type of behavior, he chose a person for himself, do not hurry to make conclusions about him, since his choice could well be imposed on others or chosen due to circumstances. In any case, it is better to get acquainted with a person closer.

How to influence other people?

Experts claim that the human impact is quite simple. For this it is important to know some rules

The impact on the life of a person can have any. The main thing is that it takes place not by evil intent. Train in yourself a clear diction and a pleasant confident voice. Be open to people and positive. And then soon and you will be called an influential person.

A person lives in society, constantly in communicating and interacting with other people. The social status of a person, its success is determined by the ability to communicate with other people, to find an approach and negotiate. In the course of life, a person does not only influence other people, but also affects them, often against its interests.

Examples of negative psychological techniques

To know about human psychology and psychological methods of impact on a person is useful not so much in order to manipulate others in their own interests, as in order to avoid similar manipulations. Below will be the main examples of "dirty" psychological techniques that should be avoided, as well as some psychological techniques in communication, which can be used without feasible, as they do not harm someone else's reputation and dignity.

The methods of psychological impact listed in this section are called negative for the reason that they adversely affect the mental state of the person who affects. Sometimes a negative effect concerns not only the mental state of the object of exposure, but also its social well-being. Examples of such a psychological impact on the consciousness of a person will be given below in order to know about typical tricks of manipulators and not come across them.

Such methods of manipulation are destructive, and information about them is given with the goal to avoid such an impact, and not to use it on other people. It should be understood that the manipulator does not always use consciously. Sometimes this happens on the Nativity, and not always even in order to harm. Often the manipulator is so concentrated on obtaining its own benefit, which does not think about what brings someone harm.

However, there is another category of people - those who know exactly how to psychologically affect a person when talking. This is usually not just ill-wishers, but specially trained in psychological techniques of influence on people, employees of large corporations, marketers and other media workers who pursue certain goals in their manipulations.

Such egoism, of course, cannot serve as an excuse for traumatic actions. A person who has fallen under such a "harmful" impact is often needed by the help of a professional psychologist to restore sincere equilibrium and continue to fully live. One of these specialists is a hypnologist psychologist Nikita Valerievich Baturin.

Criticism

Criticism as a psychological impact is most often used in two versions:

• In the first case, the manipulator artificially creates before the victim of its own authority. At the same time, the victim is imposed by the conviction that the opponent is a large specialist in the field of dispute, and his opinion is immutable. In fact, it is often found that the manipulator is a specialist in a completely different area, or is not at all a big connoisseur. Such a manipulation is used in the case when the manipulator does not feel much power in its arguments: they sound in themselves insufficiently convincingly, and the "pressure by the authority" of the interlocutor begins.
• In the second case, the manipulator, on the contrary, plays the authority of the interlocutor. At first, its competence is highly emphasized, and then the manipulator "picks up" the victim on actual errors, lack of wording and other imperfections of argumentation.

In addition, the case of the use of "benevolent rudeness" is not uncommon. This technique is that the victim of manipulation first expresses what it is wonderful and what successes she does, and then under the sauce of "adequate" criticism in the maximum correct expressions, a portion of non-soldered criticism issued for "wishes" is issued. After reading the sacrifice of the psychological impact on a person, mixed feelings remain on the victim: on the one hand, it was wished to this message, and on the other hand, Gadko's shower.

In different variations? First of all, remember that criticism has adequacy and weight only in cases where it is in demand (when you yourself are open to criticism, ask for it and give the public to understand that you are ready to listen to it) and when it is adequate, t . e. When a specific argument is provided for shortcomings, and not a general emotional assessment. In adequate criticism there is nothing wrong if it is filed correctly. However, if, through criticism, the manipulator tries to humiliate you, the best way will indicate it to his own shortcomings in the argument, or politely say that his opinion was not in demand.

Threat and intimidation

Threats and intimidation is the most direct and simple manipulation of existing ones. Threatening can anything - from the deprivation of any privileges to physical violence. There are even high-dimensional manipulators who intimidate the victim by curses or heavenly carois.

The strategy to combat similar manipulations should be constructed depending on the constructiveness of the send. If a person has real power over the victim of manipulation, i.e. it is his immediate supervisor or patron, then the best way to cope with such pressure will be exit from under his control, finding another source of resources. Many victims of manipulations are under control of the bosses who threaten the dismissal or deprivation of the award. In such cases, it is necessary to start looking for a place of work, and the threats can be fixed in order to transfer them to the authorized bodies.

If the manipulator does not have real power over the victim, it threatens physical violence or various spiritual forms of violence - damage, witchcraft, etc. In the second case, the easiest way to pay attention to such a lept, since any forms of witchcraft work only on those People who are sincerely believed in them. In the first, everything is more complicated - care must be observed, fix threats to any carrier, find witnesses, and contact the law enforcement agencies. Remember that the threat of life and health is no longer an area of \u200b\u200bpsychology, but an article in the Criminal Code.

Self-assumption

Self-ability is one of the forms of intrapass authority. At the same time, the manipulator attributes or exaggerates the attributes of his person: it suggests that he has a special education, status, ability, the links that he does not have. If there is no possibility to check the information that the interlocutor flashes the interlocutor, it is necessary to remember that all these intensive attributes are only a way to put dust into the eyes to take the opponent from the main thing - from the weakness of its own position in the dispute.

If your interlocutor is trying to show what he is an important person, ask yourself a question - "So what?". Recommend to those arguments and the facts that it leads. Bring the discussion essentially - do not let the hopping superiority to lead you from the thread of the conversation. Drive - after all, the discussion does not matter the status of an opponent, only the information discussed is important.

Rumors and gossip

Another common form of manipulation is a reference in the direction of rumors and gossip. Simply put, the manipulator appeals to the victim with the sending "I heard here the ear of the ear, which ...", and brings rumors of varying degrees of incredibility. It should be immediately agreed that it will not be nice when his person is discussed for his back in negative light. Therefore, such a message immediately provokes a rapid emotional reaction from the sacrifice, which is easy to lead to the necessary drone to the manipulator.

The psychology of influence on people allows us to use gossip and rumors in different ways - to configure the victim against the intended source of information, to make some information under the "sauce" of justification, etc. The main thing is that you should remember in such situations - if you have become a victim of rumors , you should not distribute them even further. You do not know where the information came from the manipulator. You do not know, in what form he got it and for what it uses. Remember that a brought up man does not allow himself to take information from the gossip. Do not justify yourself in front of the gossip - answer with dignity, issuing so much information as you yourself consider it necessary.

Permissible methods of psychological impact on man

Knowledge of a person can be used not only in harm to others. We give several psychological tricks in communication, the use of which will not bring anyone harm, but will help make interaction more efficient:

• Do not discuss failures and misses of another person if you can not offer an effective alternative. This recommendation stacked in a brief council "Criticize - offer". If you understand that in the current situation, nothing can be changed, or if you just don't like something in the actions of a person, but you cannot offer a decent option for replacement - refrain from negative comments in his direction, because they will not make your communication More pleasant and more efficient.
• Finish the conversation on a positive note. So the person will have a pleasant impression, and next time he will start with you to contact you, rather than you would end up communication on the negative.
• If you need to criticize someone, do not forget to emphasize the dignity. This item is an addition to the first: if you need to explain, "how it is not necessary", always reinforce it with a positive example and the listing "as it should".
• In the discussion, contact only the arguments. Do not humiliate the personality of the interlocutor - this is the lowest and non -actic reception when conducting a dispute. Do not contact "authoriters", if only their opinion is not reinforced by actual evidence. To lead an argumentarily, follow naked facts and rely only on the design elements of the dialog.
• Remember the rule of three "Yes." If there is a discussion, prepare arguments so that the interlocutor be sure to agree with them at least three times in a row. After the psychological threshold in three "consent" was passed, it will be much easier for a person and then take your position.
• Keep track of the body and the facialism of the interlocutor. The involuntary movements of the muscles of the face and body during the conversation will help you to identify the arguments "triggers". These are the most painful points for the opponent, to which you can continue to put pressure and get a response. Also pay attention to the gestures "Yes" and "No" - the nodding, shocking, shaking your head. This will help to understand that a person feels in fact, whether it converges with words.

Manipulate for various purposes, with different degrees of art. You should not forget only about one thing: to keep calm and clean conscience, you can not use those methods that leave opponent in a situation of fear, hopelessness, helplessness. And if such methods have brought you out of equilibrium, you should contact a psychologist so that it helps to restore peace and learn to continue to bypass such "traps". It is also useful to study special literature on how to influence a person psychologically - not only to extract benefits from manipulations, but also to protect against such "dirty" techniques.