Speech therapy portal / Material for classes / Large landing ship Alexander Green. The largest part of the fleet: what tasks are able to solve the Russian landing ship of the new generation "Ivan Gren. Morpes with delivery

Large landing ship Alexander Green. The largest part of the fleet: what tasks are able to solve the Russian landing ship of the new generation "Ivan Gren. Morpes with delivery

26.11.2020

On June 20, the large landing ship "Ivan Gren" was solemnly adopted in the Navy of Russia. Hooray? If you proceed from the frequently found on the Fleet Internet resources in relation to the new BDK of the replica "Domuciili!", Then not quite.

Let's try to figure out why the rise of the St. Andrew flag over the head of the BDK of the project 11711 many were perceived as "holiday with tears in the eyes", and Ivan Gren himself is like a ship at a crossroads.

Awareness of the problem

The consequences of the collapse of the USSR by the beginning of the XXI century were aumed with a practically oblivion of the shipyard of the Navy of the Russian Federation. Among the victims were large landing ships. From the top three of the largest BDK of the project 1174 (full displacement of 14060 tons) from "Games" all three came out. Of the 14 old projects of the project 1171 (total displacement of 4360 tons) remained 4. Of the 27 BDK of the project 775 (complete displacement of 4400 tons) in the ranks survived 15.

At the same time, it was the BDK that was almost the most demanded WMF warships. True, it was not explained by the fact that our fleet had to continuously land maritime landings, and the fact that this fleet did not have military transport transport. In the role of those and had to use the surviving BDK. Those at the same time, understandable, spent their precious resource and certainly not the younger ...

The need to build new BDK to replace the ships of the Soviet era was fully informed by the command of the National Security Committee of the Russian Federation at the end of the "Lidh Nineties". But what landfit ships are needed by a fleet? Answer this question was not as easy as it may seem.

For example, in the United States, the idea of \u200b\u200bpeople landing and technicians on the unexcoucheled coast directly from large landing ships by this time was already considered an anachronism. A large ship is a large goal. Customized a large landing ship directly to the enemy shore meant consciously substitute him under the blow. Therefore, the US Navy was actively engaged in the development of the doctrine of the "Corrugated landing" and "vertical coverage".

According to her, the landing ship remained outside the zone of visibility from the enemy shore, and the extinction of people and technicians were engaged in the "paratrooper" high-speed floats and helicopters. Specially under this doctrine in the states were built universal landing ships with complete displacement over 40,000 tons, capable of carrying not only a few dozen helicopters and aircraft of vertical takeoff and landing, but also 12 landing boats with the possibility of replacing a dozen troching boats with a three dya on an air cushion.

The USSR Navy at the peak of its development also began to "sew" to something similar. For this reason, the BDK of the project 1174 was laid on the fourth helicopter Ka-29 each. In addition to helicopters, these BDK could take more and a variety of landing boats into a downtile chamber. But the use of gas turbine plants and disadvantages of the overall layout predetermined the short life of the BDK of the project 1174 in the Navy of the Russian Federation. These ships due to objective reasons quickly switched to the category of non-indoor ...

Czechhard on Stapel

So what to build? After some reflection, from a logical idea of \u200b\u200bthe construction of an improved version of the BDK of the project 1174, the command of the National Security Committee of the Russian Federation decided to refuse: it was extremely expensive and difficult (we will remind, in the courtyard stood the 1990s). An alternative and relatively cheap version of the construction in the interests of the Navy of military vehicles in the case of some Rolker also did not cause interest at the fleet command. In general, to replace the old "paratroopers", I wanted to get new "paratroopers", but under what particular tasks - this seems to really not imagine. Therefore, the economy for a new ship was obtained quite vague. From the series "Go there, I do not know where, and there, I don't know what."

Designing the future of the BDK of Project 11711 began on the technical launch of the Navy of Russia in 1998 in the Nevsky Design Bureau in St. Petersburg. Since finances at that time frankly sang romances, first it was generally about the construction of something very small, such as a new middle landing ship. But quite quickly, common sense won, and the means, apparently, were found, so the project of a new landing ship was reformulated in the BDK project.

For the sake of acceleration, the design was decided to use for the new BDK of diminishing and building the body of the well-proven BDK of the project 1171 (built in 1964-1975). It limited the displacement of the future of the new BDK in a number of 5000 tons. In general, the Nevsky PCB received a classic Soviet BDK. However, there were differences: two (nasal and fodder) superstructures instead of one, helicopter hangar, a pair of Ka-29 helicopters, as well as improved crew and landing conditions.

On December 23, 2004, at the Yantar Shipyard in Kaliningrad, the first BDK of the project 11711, who received the name "Ivan Gren", was laid. After that, Bezekhar began. The command of the Navy with enviable constancy changed its views on the future use of "Grena", which led to the constant adjustments of the project already started the construction of the ship.

For example, the originally armament of the BDK should consist of a 100-mm artisture of A-190m, two anti-aircraft artillery complexes "Palash" and two launchers of the reactive system of salvo fire A-215 "Grad-M". But then all this "magnificence" cringed up to one double-length 30mm automatic artist "Duet", a pair of 30-mm six-solid automatic artists of AK-630M, a pair of 14.5-mm tumbling machine-guns "Powers" and a set of fired passive interference.

In addition, it was originally assumed that the BDK would land the technique ashore "Non-contact". That is, without reaching the shore, it will be anchored, lower the nasal ramp and make a pontoon bridge from it to the shore. Then the idea of \u200b\u200b"non-contactness" refused. Then they returned to her. Then ... Well, in general, you understood.

All this time since "cut" the project and the vehicle undergoing the ship "by living", in every way handing over the readiness time. Simultaneously in the design of the ship began to introduce stealth technology. At the same time, the funding interruptions began. At the same time in Russia began to be thought of the acquisition of Mistral's universal landing ships from France, which ranked in question the need for the completion of the headway of the project 11711 ...

Persistence brave ...

It was originally assumed that the fleet would get "Grena" back in 2008. In fact, the new BDK managed to lower the water and proceed to its further completion on only May 18, 2012.

True, the situation asked somewhat that in 2010 the plant "Yantar" received a contract for the construction of another BDK of the project 11711. The contract was received, but ... But here the famous events of 2014 in Crimea, who were audged, first, Paris's refusal to give Moscow built for her "Mistrals", secondly, the refusal of a number of Western suppliers to ship equipment for the Gren "the necessary equipment.

On the one hand, the loss of "Mistrals" reiterated the topic of the early commissioning of the "Gren" for the Navy of the Russian Federation. On the other hand, the solution of arising problems with import-substitution has again shifted the Rights of the preparedness of the headway of the project 11711 and did not allow to start the Bookmark of the Second BDK of the same project.

By the summer of 2015, the task of adaptation of the project 11711 under domestic equipment was generally solved. In parallel, "scorched" "Syrian Express", so that every BDC for the Navy of the Russian Federation turned out to be literally on the weight of gold. Together, these circumstances contributed to the fact that on June 11, 2015, the second BDK of Project 11711 was finally laid. He received the name "Peter Morgunov".

It was assumed that the Navy of the Russian Federation will receive 6 BDK of the project 11711. However, not the most joyful picture of the "Grena" stuck at the factory berth, which at the time of bookmark "Morgunova" was not only even completed, but continued to redo the Fleet optimism regarding this project. As a result, a decision was announced to reduce the series of new BDK to the Grena and Morgunov, "in view of the decision to create larger ships of a new generation." According to representatives of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the displacement of the BDK of the new generation will exceed 14,000 tons ...

Speaking easier, three years ago, the command of the Navy of the Russian Federation returned to the point with which in 1998 the project was started 11771. The fleet needed an improved version of the Soviet BDK of Project 1174, capable of "Corrugated landing" and "vertical coverage"!

But something else for those who do not understand. The reduction of the series from six ships to two did not allow to significantly reduce the cost of building the BDK of the project 11711, leaving it very high.

As long as the return of fashion on the BDK-helicopter RF campaign in the Navy, the Krylovsky State Scientific Center arranged a presentation of desktop models of domestic universal landing ships of the future, held under the "surf" and "Avalanche" ciphers, "Grennun" completed and built "Yantar". After the fantastic means and forces spent since 1998, the design and creation of the BDK of the project 11771, the fleet was simply obliged to get at least something! .. Let it be "something" and was already translated into a discharge of unpromising projects by cutting a series to two ships.

On June 21, 2016, Ivan Gren was finally able to go to the factory, and for them and government tests. They passed, to put it mildly, difficult. This is at least from the fact that the adopted act on the completion of state testing "Ivan Gren" was signed only on June 2, 2018.

For not officially confirmed, "GREN" experienced problems with stability, the insufficient sector of the shelling for artistors, demagnetization, manageability during movement by reverse ... The ship was returned to the plant, he treated his "childhood diseases", again led the tests, discovered new "shoals" , again took the course to the plant ... In a word, we sing the brave, we sing a song.

Then the customer ship finally accepted.

The main thing is to draw conclusions

If someone thinks that this epic ended on June 20, when the Andreevsky flag was silent over the "Ivan Gren", he was mistaken. Yes, a new BDK has finally joined the Navy. Yes, the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation "Ivan Gren" is already included in the 121st brigade of the Kola flotilla ships of the heterogeneous fleet forces. But what kind of thing ...

At the end of February of this year, there was information that the right and left diesel engines of Morgunov's BDK will be rearranged on the left and right side, respectively. Theoretically, this will make it possible to change the nature of the rotation of the screws and eliminate the problem with the controllability of the BDK of the project 11711 when moving by reverse. In the case of successful tests on "Morgunov", the profile State Commission will decide on similar changes on the head ship of the series - Ivan Grenne.

"Morgunov" was lowered on May 25, 2018 with a prospect of commissioning in 2019. Thus, the tests of rearranged diesel engines on "Morgunov" has not yet conducted, which means that the "Grena" has problems with handling when moving by reverse ...

Of course, commissioning "Ivan Grena", and behind him, we hope, and "Peter Morgunova" is in the modern realities an increasing phenomenon for the Navy of the Russian Federation, to put it mildly, not spoiled by new BDK. Another thing is that the "paratroopers" of the project 11711 had a chance to become much more successful ships ... well, what now to talk about it. The main thing is to make the necessary conclusions and not repeat once perfect errors, right?

And here we come back to the topic of the construction of new BDK for our fleet. No, this time it is not about the project 11711, but that he has already announced to shift. Recall that when in 2015 the number of "Grenov" under construction was reduced to the pair, the BDK of the new generation was seen in MO as a vehicle with displacement of more than 14,000 tons.

Now let's turn to reports of the Russian media of June 18, 2018. They are referred to that the Northern Design Bureau is entrusted with the creation of a new sketch project of the BDK. It is not about the development of some existing project, but about creating from scratch BDK with displacement ... about 8,000 tons. Important moment - other design bureaus do not participate in this work.

And finally, let me listen to the Deputy Commanded of the Navy for Arming Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuka.Who immediately after the lifting of the Andreev flag over "Gren" said literally the following:

"This year, the project bureaus will begin to develop a project of these ships (new BDK. - approx. Fan). After completion of the design, literally in two years we hope that we can lay this ship on the "Yantar".

Victor Bursuk clarified that the BDK planned to the bookmark in 2021 will be the same sizes as the BDK of the project 11711 "Ivan Gren", but it will improve seaworthy qualities, and also will be equipped with new samples of weapons and technology.

Major! So what kind of displacement will the new BDK be? 14000, 8000 or 5000 tons? Describing this ship will be only the Northern PKB or other project bureaus, as Viktor Bursuk vice-admiral told June 20, 2018? To solve which tasks will be created by the BDK of a new generation? If there is a transfer with the help of Military Delivery BDK, it is not better to think about specialized military transport? ..

Entering "Ivan Gren" is clearly not a point in the history described by us, but a dot. There are still enough questions. And most of them are still unanswered. Nevertheless, it really wants to hope that the Russian Navy will be able to make technical education for the BDK of a new generation more specific and less vague. Otherwise, the "paratrooper" scheduled for the bookmark in 2021 risks repeat the thorny path of the project 11711, and the grouping of our aging BDK does not wait for the shift.

The big landing ship "Ivan Gren" of the project 11711 (on the Codification of NATO Ivan Gren) will soon become the most modern BDK as part of the Russian fleet. BDK "Ivan Gren" is intended for landing the landing, transportation of military equipment, as well as various equipment and cargo. In total, two ships of this project were laid for the Navy of Russia. The head ship "Ivan Gren" passes the final stage of state tests, the second BDK "Peter Morgunov" is preparing for a descent on the water. From the further construction of ships of this project, the Russian military refused to create even larger and spacious vessels of this class.

At the end of December 2017, the Director General of the Baltic Shipbuilding Plant "Yantar", Edward Efimov told reporters that the Big landing ship "Ivan Gren" came out to the final stage of state testing. Shortly before that, the newest Russian ship held his first shooting and checked the ship artillery in the Baltic Sea. It is worth noting that "Ivan Gren" a ship with a very difficult destiny, he was laid in Kaliningrad on December 23, 2004, but was launched only on May 18, 2012 and is still not included in the fleet. At the initial stage, the ship assembly seriously complicated unstable financing and problems at the enterprise itself.

At the same time, the new ship on the fleet is no doubt await. Entering it into the fleet to significantly expand the possibilities of the Navy of Russia at sea and in remote regions of the planet. The landing ship of the Ocean zone "Ivan Gren" of the project 11711 will be able to take on board up to 300 marines, as well as 13 major combat tanks (weight up to 60 tons) or to choose from up to 36 BTR / BMP, military equipment is located on the tank deck. Also on board the ship there is an indoor hangar and a take-off site for helicopter equipment. It can take on board up to two transport and combat helicopters Ka-29, or search and rescue helicopters KA-27. If necessary, the Ka-52K "Katran" drum helicopter will be able to accommodate it.

Large landing ships of the project 11711 are the further development of the Soviet BDK of the project 1171 "Tapir". The design of the ships of the new project was engaged in the Neva Design Bureau. The building of the project of the project 1171 was taken as the basis not by chance, he had a great deal of service in the Soviet Decades, and then the Russian Fleet. At the same time, most structures in the framework of the implementation of the new project has undergone significant changes. Mainly there were processed add-ons and interior facilities of the landing ship. During the construction of the BDK "Ivan Gren", the most modern technologies were used, especially aimed at reducing visibility through the use of modern technical solutions and materials. In addition, increased attention was paid to the conditions for placing the crew of the ship and paratroopers. On board the BDK, a gym, dining room, as well as more comfortable kubrich and cabins appeared.

Loading of military equipment on the ship can be performed either independently at the glands or with the help of cranes. Loading of goods and equipment into the landing department can be carried out through a cargo four-rolled hatch located in the upper deck with a crane with a carrying capacity of 16 tons. For loading on board motor boats, boats and technicians on board there are also two boat cranes. In addition, the ship's cargo hatch can be used for ventilation, pulling out exhaust gases, working equipment from a sublock space (landing off). The airborne branch ventilation is very important, as it allows the technique to warm the engines, which is very important under conditions of low air temperatures. The exhaust gases operating at idle technicians are quite quickly filled with the landing hold, so the ventilation through the top cargo hatch is simply necessary, thanks to this, paratroopers will not be smelled by exhaust gases.

The main feature or "chip" of the shipping ships 11711 is the so-called non-contact method of landing the landing on the unequipped coast. For this, engineering pontoons can be pushed out of open nasal flaps, which in the clutch form form a bridge ashore. This pontoon bridge is joined with the shore to which the landing is made, after which it is used to cross the heavy machinery and marines. This landing scheme allows you to maintain a distance between the BDK and the shore, seriously reducing the risk of getting stranded.

The capabilities of the BDK "Ivan Gren" allow it to transport tanks by the sea, infantry combat vehicles, armored personnel carriers, army trucks or towed artillery at a distance of 3.5 thousand nautical miles (at the speed of 16 nodes). Combat technique is transported on the so-called tank deck. The technique on board can be loaded in different ways: a deck or portal crane, and she can also drive back on board the vessel with its move through the souls. In addition to the battle equipment, the BDK can transport various goods, including standard 20-foot sea containers. In standard 20-foot nautical containers, among other things, the Club-K missile complex, which is the modification of the Kalibr missile system, can be placed. At the same time, it is unlikely to be on board the BDK "Ivan Gren" any rocket complexes will appear, since the opposition to the enemy ships is not included in his direct tasks.

Light floating BTRs, BMP and BMD can be released in the sea right from the stern and the nose of the ship, they are able to get to the shore on their own. The landing of the landing is possible when the sea is excited to 4 points. Due to the range of "Ivan Gren" has the possibility of remote landing, it is able to patrol a certain region for a month, the autonomy of the swimming is precisely 30 days.

The total displacement of the landing ship is 5,000 tons, the length is 120 meters, the width is 16.5 meters, the sediment is 3.6 meters. The heart of BDK "Ivan Gren" are two 16-cylinder V-shaped diesel engines 10D49 with a gas turbine superior capacity of 5200 hp The capabilities of the power plant allow you to overclock the ship to the maximum speed of 18 nodes. The crew of the ship consists of 100 people. The most modern BDK as part of the Russian fleet to the appearance of ships Project 11711 was the BDK of the 755 Polish construction project. "Ivan Gren" exceeds them on displacement - 5,000 tons against 4080 tons of project ships 755, in addition to this, the new Russian landing ship is 8 meters longer, 1.5 meters wide and 1.3 meters sits deeper in water. Accordingly, its landing capabilities.

As part of the work on the project and the construction of the ship, its weapons have undergone changes. According to the initial project, one 76-mm Artillery Installation of AK-176m was to appear on board the BDK, two anti-aircraft artillery complex "Palash" and two launchers of the reactive system of salvo fire A-215 "Grad-M". However, due to the fact that the concept of using the BDK of Project 11711 has undergone changes, as well as to save money and the time of the ship building in 2010, it was decided to change the composition of weapons, which today is a purely defensive nature.

Armament of BDK "Ivan Gren" is represented by a single two-phase ship 30mm automatic artillery installation of AK-630M-2, two AK-630 installations with a radar fire control system 5P-10-03 "Lask", two 14.5 mm MPTU settings " The sting ", as well as the complex of the fired passive interference of the CT-308-04" Luxury-M ", this complex protects the ship from enemy rockets.

AK-630M-2 "Duet" is a modern double-paging 30-mm automatic artillery unit that provides huge rapidity - up to 10,000 shots per minute. Its main purpose is to ensure the missile defense of the Navy ships in the near zone. First of all, it is intended to defeat anti-worker missiles and other types of managed weapons. Also, the installation can solve the challenges of aircraft, helicopters and an opponent, low-dimensional surface and coastal targets. Effective shooting range is 4000 meters.

Installations of AK-630M-2 and AK-630 are constructed according to the diagram of a multiforming weapon (6 stems) with a rotating block with a barrel (the so-called Gatling scheme). The automation of Russian attitudes of this type works through the energy of powder gases and, unlike foreign analogues (Phalanx CIWS and Goalkeeper), does not require external energy sources to rotate the barrels block. Installed on the landing ship "Ivan Gren" Installation AK-630M-2 "Duet" was further upgraded by the AK-630M1-2 complex, from which the tower obtained a smaller radar visibility is visually different.

In addition to the rapid artillery weapons, there are two large-caliber machine guns on board. It is a "sting" MPTU - 14,5-mm marine tabular machine-gun installations that are designed to combat air, surface and coastal legogencies. Large-caliber machine guns allow you to effectively affect light-fertilized objects at a distance of up to 2000 meters and 1500 meters in height. To maintain fire for air, surface and coastal purposes, amateur B-32 armor-piercing bullets are used, the BZT armor-piano-tracing bullet, as well as the incendiary bullery of the MDZ.

On the Internet and various media it was possible to meet statements that the new Russian BDK of the project 11711 allegedly be a kind of replacement built in France, but not transmitted to the Russian Federation - universal landing ships-docks like Mistral, but it is absolutely incorrect. First, the construction of the BDK "Ivan Gren" began long before the decision of the Ministry of Defense to purchase "Mistrali" in France, secondly, the ships are difficult to compare even in their technical capabilities, mainly sizes. Compare them incorrectly due to the huge difference in displacement (more than 4 times), as well as the size of the aviation group (the Mistrals can carry up to 16 light helicopters on board).

AK-630M-2 "Duet" - Russian ship di-car 30 mm Automatic artillery installation

The more correct is the comparison of the new Russian BDK of Project 11711 with Chinese ships Type 072-III (the Yuting-II class), which are large tank-telling vessels, which are the main landing means as part of the Navy forces of the PRC. With close characteristics and sizes, the Russian project in a favorable side is distinguished by the presence on board a full-fledged helicopter hangar.

Despite the fact that Russian military sailors are not interested in the further acquisition of the BDK of the project 11711 (information about this appeared in 2015), refusing them to the benefit of larger ships of the new generation, put the cross on the further prospects of the BDK of the project 11711 so far. Currently, the ship already has a passport of an export appearance, therefore, it can move Russia to export. This was reported by the TV channel "Star" with reference to Sergey Vlasov, which is the general director of the Nevsky Design Bureau. Judging by the official catalog of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (OSK), we are talking about the project 11711E, which has increased to 6,600 tons of displacement.

To larger landing courts, which in the future may appear as part of the Russian Fleet, the ships of the project "Surf" can be attributed. Within the framework of the Army-2015 forum, the layout of the universal landing ships of the project "Surf" was introduced with displacement of more than 14 thousand tons and a capacity of up to 500 paratroopers, 20-30 tanks or 60 units of various military equipment. Among other things, the data of the ships will be able to take up to 8 ka-27 or ka-52k helicopters.

Information sources:
https://ria.ru/forces/20171229/1511888116.html
https://tvzvezda.ru/news/opk/content/201708030944-qlqy.htm.
https://militaryarms.ru/voennaya-texnika/voennye-korabli/proekt-11711
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The events of recent years have clearly shown that the state requires a powerful fleet that can perform various tasks. Unfortunately, the events that followed were seriously undermined the defense capability of the domestic Navy. However, recently the government pays a lot of attention to this problem, new vessels are constantly introduced. Such also includes "Ivan Gren", a large landing ship.

Today, the "Bison" and "Muren" projects are widely well known, which to this day continue to be built for overseas customers. Today, the domestic industry has a larger task - to saturate its fleet by landing ships, which are significantly superior to the size of the projects mentioned above. However, the Navy was the USSR. There is a task to modernize them and bring under the requirements of the modern war on the sea.

The situation

Today, the fleet includes vessels related to projects 1171 and 775. They were designed for the purpose of possible transfer to one Morpene battalion with severe armored vehicles, artillery and other armaments. The first vessels of this class were designed in Leningrad, the general designer was I.I. Kuzmin. Some of them were built on the Kaliningrad Plant "Yantar", others on Polish shipyards. It happened in the period from 1974 to 1990. Subsequently, the leading TDCs on the development were reassigned, but the ships themselves did not change from this.

General project characteristics

Project ships 1171 were characterized by complete displacement within 4000 tons, with their help a landing of up to 313 people could be carried out fully armed. It was assumed that ships of simultaneous can carry up to seven medium or more than twenty light tanks. In 1966-1975, the USSR Navy received 14 such vessels, and the head was "Voronezh Komsomolets". During this time, the ships were upgraded to four times (in the process of construction and design). The project 775 assumed almost similar characteristics for capacity and loading capacity, but these ships were noticeably better armed. All of them were built 24 pieces.

To date, about 20 projects of projects 1171 and 775 remained in the composition of the Navy, and the latter larger. Fortunately, even at the collapse of the Union, the fleet was able to save almost all of them. Of course, they are not added to themselves, the resource is gradually expiring, and therefore the country needs to build new ships of this class. It is reported that it was "Ivan Gren" will gradually replace its predecessors.

Situation in NATO countries

It is important to note that in NATO, the situation with landing courts is somewhat different. Both the United States, and strive to have the most multifunctional ships as part of their fleets, which can not only carry out tasks for landing and combat equipment. Despite the high cost of such projects, it is quite possible. Especially the Americans have succeeded in this: even if we build a shock pace of BDK, then they are no longer achieved in the next two decades.

They have a new military equipment in the fleet with a rapid flow. In principle, such a passion for landing courts is explained, since the transfer of large quantities of living force is much cheaper if it is carried out by the sea. Given the aggressiveness of the foreign policy of Americans, in a different way and could not be.

The first domestic landing ship in the new century

A new ship, which should be the beginning of the restoration of the landing opportunities of the Russian fleet, received the name "Ivan Gren". The name it was chosen far from just like that, for the ship is named after a talented artilleryman and a scientist. Until 1941, Gren led the Maritime Research Institute. He started his service before the revolution, in the Imperial Fleet. He participated in the trials and polygon studies of almost all systems that were developed at the time. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War began to head the artillery of the entire Baltic Fleet. He showed himself as a magnificent strategist and a master of controlarian shooting.

Information on the development of "Grenov"

The very first "Ivan Gren" is supposed to make the head ship of the entire project 11711. As for its development, it is held everything in the same place, in St. Petersburg. General Designer - A.Viglin, the chief designer of the vessels of this series was appointed V.N. Svorov.

Unlike the preceding shipping ships 1171, all the requirements and real experience of all recent years were taken into account here. Therefore, the BDK "Ivan Gren" can be used equal to success not only for the military, but also for peaceful operations. So, it is planned to use this class of vessels for the carriage of large amounts of cargo, including with an occasion of river fixtures. BDK "Ivan Gren" is able to transport all the modern combat techniques of the Russian Federation, since it was taken into account not only by the requirements of marines, but also of ordinary ground forces.

Improving the conditions for the life and operation of the crew

Special attention was paid to the creation of the most comfortable conditions for the life and work of the crew of the vessel. Even a large gym, designed to maintain sailors and officer composition in good physical form. In addition, it is in the ships of this series there will be a special way to landing the landing. Recall that in the standard BDK produced by the USSR, a nasal gun is provided, which allowed the "release" from the wrap of the ship to three light floating tanks simultaneously directly into the sea, provided that no more than three points are excited.

For coast unloading, the same espilel was used. The bias of the shore is extremely high. When the relief is violated, the old ships of the Navy could "plant" the equipment only climb. But this concerns only lungs floating tanks. All heavier cars remain on the ship. In this case, the contactless method used in this case provides for the guidance of light pontoon crossing: this technology is traditionally used only by ground troops.

Several pontoons that are put forward instead of the ramps allow you to quickly create a reliable bridge, which will be even a relatively heavy armored vehicle. This method is pretty long been used in foreign armids, as it can significantly expand the combat capabilities of the landing ships.

Important changes and additions in the design

Another important innovation is the constructive possibility of transporting standard marine containers (up to 20 tons). What is even better, due to its contactless way of landing, the ship can deliver these goods even to a completely unsuitable coast for this. The usual transport ships did not dream. The total weight of the cargo transported is up to 1500 tons. To simplify the loading / unloading procedure, the ship is installed with a carrying capacity of up to 16 tons.

Today they talk about the possibility of creating a "complete" amphibian boat, which will be stored in the internal hangar of the project of the project 11711E. It can not only accompany the ship, but also perform independent tasks. Surely such an opportunity will especially attract rescuers, engineers, geologists.

The need for ships

How demanded will the project "Ivan Gren"? The need is already such that the manufacturer is loaded with orders for many years ahead. When the bookmark of the first ship's ship was made, at this event there were hardly all the first persons of the state, as well as the leadership of all those enterprises that will provide production.

According to the manufacturers themselves, the project vessels 11711 "Ivan Gren", while maintaining the current geopolitical situation, the country is extremely needed. Since the order to build ships was obtained by the famous Yantar enterprise, you can not doubt the quality of work.

Disappointing facts

Everything would be fine, just the same journalists wrote the same thing ... 2004! Just a few days ago, a really fantastic news came: the head landing ship of the project 11711 finally began to undergo tests on the Baltic! Over 11 years have passed since the bookmark before the descent on the water. I am glad that the ship's ships do not promise not to delay the timing so monstrously during the construction of the second copy (it is already in full swing). At the end of this year, the head ship promises to finally convey the fleet.

The construction of the head ship was scheduled for four years, another ship is planned to transfer the fleet for two years. It is known that the initial fleet ordered five ships of this series at once, but from three of them sailors have already managed to refuse. However, after history with the ill-fated "Mistrals", there is hope that the number of these ships will still be increased, as they are extremely important to ensure government interests far beyond the country. Finally, today information has already been received that the military is still interested in building the entire series (up to seven vessels), but the final decision will be accepted only after passing all the tests of the flagship.

To be or not to be?

Finally, they slipped the information that next year it was decided to begin construction of larger landing ships, so that perhaps the fleet would still be limited to two ships. In any case, the projects of large landing ships of the new generation already have, so you can count on that it is not empty conversations. In any case, Gren is an interesting project, and the need for it is really very great.

Specialists The decision of the military on the reduction of "livestock" of these vessels generally leads to a dead end: after all, they were calculated including the possibility of transporting marines on inner rivers, which is an extremely important feature in local operations. Two ships for this will be clearly not enough!

What caused the timing?

Do not blame alone only "Amber". First, shipmen pursued a lack of financing. Secondly, the project specification for the first time was provided by the customer back in 2003, but since then, the appearance and design of the ship were constantly entrusted, which could not not affect the speed of work. So, in 2005, updated specifications were presented, which assumed changes in almost all nodes. And this happened more than once.

Import as a source of problems

The main problem of the entire project is a large number of imported components. In the light of recent events, they need to urgently refuse and replace domestic. Therefore, engineers and today continue to refine a long-suffering project. In principle, all required components have already been delivered earlier, so difficulties are expected only with the second ship. But these difficulties are considerable.

The vessel needs to be replaced by a large number of imported components that were originally envisaged by specifications. So, there were already considerable difficulties with the choice of water purification and desalination systems. However, manufacturers say that domestic companies have experience in producing this kind of components, so the question is again stuck in the budget. Hope adds the fact that the second ship will already be built according to the proven scheme, and not from scratch. Already laid several sections of the case.

In general, the "root of evil" of this project is that after the union collapse suddenly it turned out that almost all enterprises that made components for shipbuilding were abroad. In particular, in the Ukrainian territory.

The main technical characteristics of the project

Estimated displacement - up to five thousand tons.
Length - 120 meters.
Maximum width - 16.5 meters.
The estimated sediment is 3.6 m.
Type of power plant - diesel.
Maximum speed of full course - 18 nodes.
The estimated number of the crew is about a hundred people.

How can the landing ship "Ivan Gren" be able to boast? Here is his alleged list (not all is known):

Two settings A-215 "Grad-M".
Artillery. One 76 mm automatic installation AK-176M and two AK-630M (caliber 30 mm, automatic).
One anti-election helicopter Ka-29 can be based on the ship.
The capacity of the incomant compartments is up to 36 BTR or 13 wt (weight up to 60 tons). On board, up to 300 fully equipped and armed paratroopers can also be transported.

Currently, the flagship is full of final checks, being at the final stage of the construction. Because of this, most of the weapons on its board are not yet mounted, so on the final appearance of the ship and its armed, so far to judge early. We hope that by the end of this year we will still see the "Gren" in full combat readiness.

The fact that in the naval long-term launcher - the Big landing ship (BDK) "Ivan Gren" - in the near future it is unlikely to raise the Andreev flag because of the serious design flaws, "Gazeta.Ru" reported two high-ranking sources.

The head of a large landing ship of the project 11711 "Ivan Gren" was supposed to convey to the Russian Navy in the late 2015, but this did not happen. He entered the number of enterprises that did not fulfill the 2015 Gosoboron Planning. The ship's deadlines moved several times due to reflashing and project financing problems. According to the statement of vice president, the BDK "Ivan Gren" is now planning to pass in second quarter of 2016 . In turn, the CEO of the PSZ "Yantar" Edward Efimov called the date of delivery of the ship third quarter of 2016 .

He noted that such operations "on the cutting of the building" were already several. Also previously reported that "most of the construction has undergone major changes." In his reports, the press service of the department emphasized that when building the BDK Ivan Gren used the most advanced technologies to reduce visibility through the use of modern materials and technical solutions.

Information on flaws in the BDK confirmed the source in the Navy.

"Indicators on the electrical magnetic field do not reach the indicators recorded in the TK, said the source" Gazeta.Ru ".

- As it turned out, it is a constructive defects and a disadvantage that needs to be altered at the expense of industry, due to the design bureau and plant. The ship must be put on stock and make a large amount of work. "

The Chairman of the All-Russian Movement of Fleet Support Captain First Rang Mikhail explained Gazeta.ru that the magnetic field of the ship has certain indicators - acceptable magnetic field indices mean that the ship is less heard for the detection stations of other ships. No less important is the small magnetic field for the passage of mingo hazardous directions.

"This is a very serious problem. This is a landing ship, which means that mines are exhibited against him in the coastal strip, which react to the extended magnetic field of the ship.

If the magnetic field is small, it means that it is less vulnerable for mines while landing the landing, a small magnetic field of the ship allows you to avoid the awakening of these mines in sleep, on each of which the appropriate appliances are "," said Nazvez.Ru explained.

The Designer of the BDK "Ivan Gren" is St. Petersburg - the project began to develop in 1998. The ship received its name in honor of the Soviet scientist in the naval industry Vice Admiral Ivan Ivanovich Gren. At first, it was about creating a ship of a small displacement capable of carrying out transitions by inland waterways, but the Navy changed the requirements for the project and transferred it to the class of large landing ships with the possibilities of transporting an enhanced company of marines with equipment and disembarking them on the pipeline transportation over 5 thousand tons. Because of several changes made, the design lasted six years. The descent on the water laid in 2004 "" took place on May 18, 2012, the readiness of the ship was 70%.

According to Mikhail Nesasheva, the "Ivan Gren" type ships are needed, as this is a new word in the landing shipbuilding: it is intended for the "Corrugated landing" of the landing. In addition, thanks to the hydroacoustic complexes available on it, it can also be used as an anti-submarine defense ship, and listen to the underwater situation.

Neshev also noted that the crew was already formed on the BDC, it passes the running tests, and the finishing and technical improvement is natural, because the ship was designed as a new type of landing force.

It is assumed that on the BDK of the project 11711, which initially planned to build six pieces, but decided to limit the two, the Universal Ship Artillery Installations AK-176M and AK-630M will stand. Coastal targets are planned to be amazed from two ship installations of the reactive system of salvo fire A-215 "Grad-M" range of about 20 km, they must also cover the ship's landing.

In the press of BDK "Ivan Gren", sometimes they are incorrectly called the "Russian" Mistral ", due to the fact that it is assumed to be the basing of one search and rescue helicopter Ka-27 or the transport helicopter Ka-29, as well as the ability to take on board up to 13 Units of heavy equipment (tanks) or up to 36 combat vehicles infantry or armored personnel carriers, as well as a personal composition of the ardent assault units. The second BDK of the project 11711 Petr Morgunov was laid on the Kaliningrad shipyard on June 11, 2015. According to the head of the department of shipbuilding of the Navy Vladimir Ragichnikov, this BDK is planned to be conveyed to the fleet in 2018, after the completion of the construction and all stages of testing. As the ex-commander of the Navy stated, by 2050 the composition of the airborne ships of the Navy will be fully updated, this is taken into account the shipbuilding program, the fleet develops relevant technical requirements for industry.

It should be noted that PSZ "Amber", in OSK, in 2015 also threw the deadlines for the delivery of two guard ships with the Caliber Rockets of the project 11356 "Admiral Essen" and "Admiral Grigorovich".

On August 31, 2016, the head ship of the project 11711 "Ivan Gren" completed the test of the aviation complex in the Water area of \u200b\u200bthe Gulf of Finland and on September 2, he returned to the delivery base in Baltiysk, where the preparation of the ship began to go to the sea.
During the period of finding a ship on an anchor parking lot, a group of journalists, thanks to the active promotion of the press service of the plant and the press service of the Baltic fleet, we managed to visit its board and make a detailed photo report about the new ship.

The ship was laid on December 23, 2004 in the city of Kaliningrad at OJSC Baltic Shipbuilding Plant "Amber" under the factory number 01301.

The project was developed in a traditional projector of large landing ships - OJSC Nevsky Design and Design Bureau in St. Petersburg in St. Petersburg from 1988 to 2004 to replace outdated BDK projects 775 and 1171. The Bureau is headed by Director General and General Designer Viglin AO, and The main designer of the project is Suvorov V.N. The ship is designed to land the landing on the unequare coast, as well as to transfer the goods by the sea in the near and long-term ocean zone and participation in peacekeeping operations.

The BDK is able to realize the following ways to landing equipment: directly to the unequipped shore using a nasal landing device or on floating both through the nasal and through the feeding ramp or using the KA-29 transport helicopter. Crane beam, located between the Pythyard nasal and four-tier feed add-in, allows you to unload lightweight techniques and cargo to the gentle wall or on the floating landing agents under the boat of the ship. The innovation is a new non-contact method, which involves the use of engineering pontoons, on the similarity of those that use ground troops when forceing water obstacles. From several pontoons, a floating bridge is formed, according to which a heavy and lightweight technique can move and disembark directly to the shore, having a bias of less than 3 degrees. Such a method has long been used abroad, but in the domestic fleet is applied for the first time. Also, the innovation for the domestic fleet is the possibility of transporting on the upper deck of 20-foot nautical containers with any type of cargo, made according to international standards and unloading them on the focus or gentle wall.

Two-channel ship, two-candy, with a tank, Utah, the stern location of the machine compartment, two superstructures and through, from the nose to the stern, the landing hold, in which the mobile combat equipment is located. Corps and superstructure steel. Since the ship is designed for long-term patrols with a landing on board, a comfortable placement of the landing is paid to an important value. For the placement of the landing, multi-seat cabins with three-tiered beds, a gym, comfortable showers and washbasins are provided. To ensure the warm-up engineering techniques on the lower deck, a special ventilation system has a special ventilation system. In the feed superstructure, a hangar is provided by 1 KA-29 helicopter, but due to the fact that the design of the hangar has a retractable part in the direction of the helicopter platform, it is possible to base two helicopters, but the use of the second when the first in the air will be difficult.

The unique appearance of the ship gives a developed tank with a large bend and elevation over the waterline, the design and dimensions of which are due to the use of engineering pontoons for a new non-touching the disembarkation, as well as the use of a nasal hydrodynamic detergent of bobbin type in the underwater part of the ship. The sediment of the ship without cargo is 4.6 m nose and 5.0 m feed.

In the process of the completion of the ship, the project was 3 times adjusted in terms of changes in the composition of weapons, radio-electronic tools and changes in TTX, and due to the shortcoming of documentation and counterparty equipment, the time readiness time was changed more than once. According to the initial project, it was planned to arm a ship with a new 100-mm artillery system A-190m and two anti-aircraft artillery complexes "Palash", for the fire support of the landing, two launchers of the reactive system of salvo fire A-215 "Grad-M" were envisaged. As a result, due to the requirement of budget savings and reducing construction time, the arms composition was significantly reduced and the task of the fire support from the ship was removed. The installed weapon includes two artillery systems of a similar purpose and the same caliber - a nasal 30-mm artist in the AK-630M-2 "Duet" and two forage 30 mm AK-630M art installation with fire control system 5P-10-03 "Lask". Such a composition of weapons is not typical for other ships of the Navy of Russia and is rather a compromise between the need and capabilities of the state defense order. The two 14.5-mm large-caliber MTPU MTPU "Powered" large-caliber MTPU MTPU and portable CRCs during the running tests were not installed.

Ivan Gren is able to take on board 13 major combat tanks consisting of the Armed Forces of Russia, or 36 units of crawler or wheelchair in the size of infantry combat vehicles, as well as 300-380 people of the landing with weapons, ammunition and ammunition. The total mass of various goods taken on board the ship is up to 1500 tons.

The main energy installation consists of two diesel-reverse-gear-reserved DRA-3700 diesel engine based on a diesel engine 10D49 with a SN-10060 turbocharge control system, operating on a fixed-step screw, providing the ship speed up to 18 nodes. Efficient power of one unit 5200 hp In each engine room, there are two auxiliary diesel generators of the ADG-1000NA as part of a diesel engine 8DM-21C. One diesel generator provides all the needs for electricity in the parking mode, two diesel generators - guaranteed nutrition in combat mode.

On May 18, 2012, the ship was launched on the water, while the decision was declared about the construction of a series of six such ships, but after booking the second ship, called "Peter Morgunov", the series reduced to two units. The decision to further build similar ships will be made after comprehensive testing of the head. Also in 2003, the development of the export version of the BDK was announced - the project 11711E.

On June 25, 2016, BDK "Ivan Gren" first reached the sea in the framework of the factory running tests in the Baltic Sea polygons. And from August 15, 2016, Ivan Gren armature in the Water area of \u200b\u200bthe Finnish Bay for reception on board the Ka-29 helicopter and testing the aviation complex. Due to breakage of the material part of the helicopter, the tests began only on August 23, who arrived from the Yextory of the 859th center of combat use and preparation of the flight composition of Navy Aviation of the Navy of Russia, the Ka-29 Side number 38 "Yellow", registration number RF-34194 on the first day Made 24 landings on the deck.

During the execution of the test program in the Finnish Gulf, the ship had to fulfill the first rescue operation in his life. August 29 in the area of \u200b\u200b15:00 Passing the ship by a small-sized private boat "Swede" with registration number R7246LH filed a distress signal and requested help. The boat followed from Finland to St. Petersburg and got into the storm 3-4 points with the wind to 12 m per second. Suddenly, for the captain of the vessel, the waves from anchor bears knocked out anchor and was laughed overboard the entire anchor chain, which due to the malfunction of the spherical device it was necessary to cut. Passengers on board, including two children, were strongly shown. The boat was bad on the wave, but had a connection and connection. Captain Boat requested the commander to raise the boat on board, but since he did not have a special descent device, there was a threat during strong excitement when lifting to break the boat on the board. Given the situation, the ship commander decided to cover the boat from the waves and, putting it in Kilwater, accompanied into a safe area, maintaining a permanent connection to the VHF. Two miles from the shallow shore of Zelenogorsk, the BDK handed over the victims of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, which wade a boat in the waters of the Zelenogorsk yacht club around 20:00.

On September 2, the ship arrived in Kaliningrad to eliminate the revealed comments. But, unfortunately, the ship's entry expected this year in the Navy may not take place. Measurements of the levels of physical fields showed that the currents created in the demagnetive windings do not provide the values \u200b\u200bof the electromagnetic field claimed in the technical task. The wines of the erroneous selection of the brand and the cross section of the current cables. To replace them, the ship is required in a dry dock and carrying out complex corpus works.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the ship.
Displacement full - 6000 tons.
The main dimensions (max. Length x sediment width) - 120x16.5x5.0 meters.
The speed of the full course without cargo is 18 knots.
Sailing range 16 knots - 3500 miles.
The crew is 100 people.
Autonomy - 30 days.
RLS - MP-352 "Poditiv".

Feed ramp.

Over the welded letters the name of the ship is laid a cable-conductor of the removal device from the mel.

View of the nasal superstructure and chassis bridge.

Anchor device.

Artillery installation AK-630M1-2 "Duet", manufactured by "AK Tulamashzavod". On the tank from the right side you can see the platform for which on the initial project it was planned to establish a start-up installation A-215 "Grad-M".

View of the nasal superstructure and antenna posts.

Chassis bridge. In the center - the place of the rotten steering.

Left part of the bridge. Opto-electronic block WC-450 external observation system and target designation. Adjusting the image and the guidance of the vizier is carried out using the joystick.

View from the chassis bridge on the tank of the ship and the nasal artillery installation.

Installation of a 120-mm set of shifted interference PC-10 "Brave" and ship spotlight.

View of the right wing of the bridge.

View of the lounge closet, exit on the wing of the bridge.

Interior of the dining room personnel.

View of the nasal superstructure from the roof of the helicopter hangar.

View of the helicopter platform and theft superstructure. The aft superstructure is formed around the helicopter hangar, it is located a medical unit, air ducts and gas ducts of the machine compartment, subbashing branches of feed artillery installations and flight control post.

Helicopter hangar. On board the ship carried a helicopter layout, but the dimensions of the hangar can be placed in the hangar of the 2 or 1 type of Ka-52 type.

Helicopter hangar, view of the nose. The hangar has a lifting ladder to move techniques from the lower decks on the top, as well as two doors of roller-type in the nose and feed, which allows you to move the technique both on the helicopter platform and on the top deck between add-ins.