And regular sounding in public transport, Tatar for the majority of the population of the republic continues to be a strange, incomprehensible language. Everybody comes to a decision on the need to finally learn it in his own way: someone wants to please the ebike, it is important for someone to understand what Tatarka sings about. Under the clear-to-understand permanent column, Indus decided to help the newly minted polyglots and asked the teacher of the ISHKOLA online school about the peculiarities of studying Tatar as a foreign language.

Tatar language belongs to the family of Turkic languages, which also includes Bashkir, Kazakh, Nogai, Karachai, Karakalpak, Uzbek, Turkmen, Azeri, Turkish, Kyrgyz, Tuva, Khakass, Chuvash, Yakut, etc. About 7 million people speak Tatar. of these, 1 million 765 thousand live in Tatarstan, the rest - in 80 regions of the former Soviet Union and abroad: in Finland, Turkey, Germany, America, China, Japan, Australia, etc.

Who teaches?

Tatars are taught both by the Tatars who have forgotten the language, and by the Russians, who are interested, but the first ones are a little more. Russians who do not have Tatar roots say directly that they would like to know the language of the republic in which they live. Tatars are more appealing to a sense of duty or even guilt to their ancestors. The children say: “My dad is a Tatar, therefore I want to know the language,” middle-aged Tatars come with a conscious desire to learn “the language of the ancestors”. Tatar also opens the door to the world of Turkic languages, and in Tatarstan it is easy to learn, since we have a natural language environment. But, in my experience, the ease of further study of other Turkic languages ​​is rarely an additional motivation, because the same Turkish is not a language of international communication and just like Tatar, in the public consciousness remains something unimportant.

How much time is needed?

A full course in our school includes 65 lessons (five months at the rate of three lessons per week), after which a student with a zero level with proper diligence achieves conversational tatar language. I divide students into beginner and continuing levels: both groups have the same basic grammar, but the amount of vocabulary varies significantly. By the end of the beginner level, the student should master everyday Tatar and know the words on the topics “Acquaintance” (greeting, farewell, etc.), “A story about oneself” (name the name, age, place of work, hobby, place of residence), “Family and holidays "(as various relatives are called, family traditions, holidays)," Study "(school supplies, names of objects, etc.)," ​​City and orientation in space "(objects of urban infrastructure, how to ask and explain the way), "Health" (parts of the body, the verbs "eat", "breathe", "see", "run", etc.). At the continuing level, words on complex abstract topics are added to the basic vocabulary: culture, literature, politics, and economics. Tatar should not become only the language of everyday communication, and I am convinced that these topics can be fully spoken in the Tatar language. By the end of the course, students start to get it.

Main difficulties

The grammar of the Tatar language is much easier than the grammar of Russian. Even children easily grasp logic and language rules. But in Tatar much more complex phonetics: students do not always immediately understand the difference between variations of vowels and consonants, which are not in the Russian language. Therefore, from the very first lesson it is important to sharpen correct pronunciation. I believe that Tatar can be studied independently, only it is necessary for the native speaker to control the pronunciation. I also pay attention to the spelling, because the person must own and written speech. Basic Tatar vocabulary does not cause problems, mistakes begin on an ongoing level, when complex words such as “ikatisad” (economy), “medianiyat” (culture), “slung” (industry), and “singat” (art) appear. Such words are very difficult for Russian-speaking students.

How to learn independently?

On the Internet a lot teaching aids and almost all are well written. Each person must choose a format that suits him. Someone learns better by writing - it means you need to do exercises, someone is more effective with visual material - it means you need to watch the training videos. In my work I adapt to each student. In addition to the lessons, I advise you to watch the TNV channel, read the Tatar periodicals - “Yalkyn”, “Sybebik”, “Tatarstan yashlәre”, “Yuldash”, because they use actual vocabulary. I give Tatar literature at a continuing level: a newcomer cannot understand the poems of Tukai. Although his poems for children go well in the classroom with students.

Inspiring successes

In my practice, there were children who, not knowing Tatar, started writing poems, which then won the children's competitions. This is a great success, because the Tatar language begins to bring the child quite specific benefits - even in the form of diplomas and prizes. Among the adults was a Russian student who had learned the language from scratch for business, and now he conducts his business entirely in Tatar. There are students from abroad - as a rule, they are descendants of Tatar emigrants. Now a girl from Norway is studying at me, she is 26 years old. So far she has difficulty with pronunciation, because Norwegian is superimposed, but she has a great desire, so I think that everything will work out.

for those who study the Tatar language independently or under the guidance of a teacher

The preface is that part of the book that the reader often misses. We do not recommend doing this while working with this book. Especially if you decide to work on it yourself.

The course of the Tatar language’s self-instruction manual is based on a logical principle, on the conviction that without a conscious understanding of the grammatical features of a new language, its study becomes a long process of memorizing word meanings, word forms, structures of individual sentences, etc.

Currently popular communication courses are designed to ease the task of the student: the process of repeated repetition of words, syntactic models in imitation of live speech. Such courses have their advantages, but in no case can one completely neglect the conscious study of practical grammar. Conscious mastering the structure and principles of the new language is a difficult path, but the shortest and deeper one.

Your main job will be to develop the Basic Course, so after the second paragraph of the Introductory Course you should begin the first lesson of the Basic Course. If you have questions about grammar, please refer to the required section of the Introductory Course, which will serve you as a kind of reference.

The main task of the Introductory course is to give basic knowledge about the structure of the Tatar language, its phonetic and grammatical features. This course needs to be overcome, but the result will be more effective if it is combined with the Main course.

While working with the Basic Course, you should remember that another language is a different world for our consciousness. Try to psychologically “teach” yourself to the language being studied. Therefore, when meeting with unfamiliar words and forms, it is not necessary to immediately refer to the reference book or dictionary. It is necessary to overcome the moment that you have a constant support as the Russian language. But on the other hand, an adult must constantly compare the language being studied with his native one. The accumulated experience of using the grammar of the Russian language is a huge baggage, the ability to compare and identify common points in the structure of the two languages ​​will give you the opportunity to save a lot of time and overcome most of the new language without any special difficulties.

This tutorial is only forty lessons. Do not rush to pass them faster, often the quantity is to the detriment of quality. Do not rush to move to a new lesson, not having fully mastered the previous one. Study the texts and exercises in detail and do not leave incomprehensible moments "for later." Try not just to do the exercises, but try to make your own suggestions on the proposed samples. If you succeed, feel free to go to the next lesson.

The first two paragraphs of the Introductory Course will help you to come to the Main Course fully armed. And then ... we just wish you good luck.

Textbook compiler Copyright © Sabirov Ravil Akramovich
Scientific editor: Professor Safiullina FS
Reviewers: Arslanov L.Sh. - Doctor of Philology;
Nigmatullov M.M. - Candidate of Philology

Course Information:

Title: Audiokurs Tatar language

Manufacturer:   "Tatarname" Development Fund tat. lang and culture
Tongue:   Russian, tatar

Format:   audio files mp3 + word dictionaries and tutorial
The size:   1 Gb   (+ 3% for recovery)

Level: basic
  Correct pronunciation
  Mp3 - 320 Kbps stereo.

+   Tatar fonts and keyboard layout

The course consists of:

1. Teacher Tatar language

2. Practical audiophonetics (examples of correct Tatar pronunciation)

3. Audio materials 17 lessons of the “Basic Course”

4. Large Tatar-Russian dictionary

5. Tatar-Russian dictionary-minimum

6. Russian-Tatar dictionary

7. Russian-Tatar Phrasebook

8. Tatar fonts

The disc includes practical audio phonetics   - examples of correct Tatar pronunciation:

1. The sound of individual sounds
  2. Sounds denoted by the letters of the Tatar alphabet
  3. Sounds, denoted by the same letters of the Tatar and Russian alphabet
  4. Phonetic patterns
  5. Important phonetic exercises

The course is designed for a Russian-speaking listener and consists of three stages.
First stage.
  Carefully listen to the words, phrases, expressions and their translation into Russian.

Second phase.
  Listen to the same material without translation and make sure you understand it. And repeat after the speaker!

The third stage.
  Listen to the lyrics for this lesson. You must fully understand them.

Remember:
  1. Without having completed one lesson completely, do not proceed to the next.
  2. Try not to take long breaks, try to practice daily. If there is a break, listen to the previous lessons ...

The basic principles of building a tutorial:

- “from simple to complex”: each subsequent lesson is built on the basis of the lexical and grammatical material of the previous one;
  - an organic combination of lexical and grammatical material;
  - “from language schemes to speech perception”: for this we offer audio material of the basic words and combinations of the basic course.
  Working with our course, remember that another language is a different world for our consciousness. Try to psychologically “teach” yourself to the language being studied. Therefore, when meeting with unfamiliar words and forms, it is not necessary to immediately refer to the reference book or dictionary. It is necessary to overcome the moment that you have a constant support as the Russian language. On the other hand, an adult should constantly compare the language being studied with his or her own. The accumulated experience of using the grammar of the Russian language is a huge baggage, the ability to compare and identify common points in the structure of the two languages ​​will give you the opportunity to save a lot of time and overcome most of the new language without any special difficulties.

The first seventeen lessons are equipped with audio materials.
  You can hear the pronunciation of basic words, combinations, which will help to master the phonetics of the Tatar language. Repeat the speaker, try to understand the meaning of the sentences at the hearing. This will allow deeper to master the language material.
In this tutorial just thirty-eight lessons. Do not rush to pass them faster, often the quantity is to the detriment of quality. Do not rush to move to a new lesson, not having fully mastered the previous one. Study in detail the texts and exercises, do not leave incomprehensible moments "for later." Try not just to do the exercises, but try to make your own suggestions on the proposed samples. Listen carefully to the audio materials, repeat and understand them. Only then boldly proceed to the next lesson.

If you need to independently learn the Tatar language, it means that you have no other way at the moment. Of course, living in Tatarstan, hearing the constantly live speech of native speakers, it would be much faster and easier for you to master the language. But, fortunately, we have very intelligent tutorials that will not let you get lost in the complicated Tatar letter.
  Before starting to learn any language, it is always useful to find out its historical origin, to ask where the roots come from. In order for the Tatar language to succumb to you, revealing all of its secrets, you need to stick with it, love its history, get acquainted with the national traditions of its people, and then it will definitely be easier for you to cope with the natural obstacles in learning process! You can easily cope with them!

... Let's look at his story ...
  Tatar is the national language, is very common in the Russian Federation, and along with Russian in the Tatar Republic, is the state language, and also the second in Russia in terms of the number of speakers. This language belongs to the Türkic language family, and more specifically, to its Kypchak group, which had a Volga branch. Tatar is divided into three dialects: Western, Kazan and Eastern. The last of them is very much used in Eastern Siberia and was formed as almost independent, but due to the mass relocation of Tatars from Kazan to those places, it became close to their dialect.
  We recommend ignoring the dialectic tutorials of Turkish, until you learn its classic standard version. Otherwise you will get confused with pronunciation and grammar.

So you are ready to learn. But what “pitfalls” can darken your deep path of knowledge?
First, we find a methodically competently developed tutorial. Because many of them have basically one common flaw, or rather, one common flaw: their authors try to teach the student from a first assignment to a mechanical or, simply, “parrot” approach of memorizing words and speech expressions. That is, they conscientiously, but unconsciously, mumbled, ... and after a short time, everything was forgotten. Teachers of the new generation are built on a different principle: a creative basis works. Its goal is to bring the student to a logical understanding of the language and understanding of its principles. Here is the main requirement for the authors of tutorials! But not all of them, unfortunately, follow this rule. No grammar “jungle” is needed at first. Need practical grammar. We need training materials, tasks, revealing the structure of the language being studied, so that you can understand its basis and patterns. The principle of construction or the scheme of presentation of the material - from the simplified to the complex - is the main indicator of a well-designed tutorial. The entire emphasis is on the use of logical schemes and the construction of thematic situations. Many communication courses simply provide a disservice to the student: they facilitate the task, neglecting the practical basis. But just the development of the structure, principles of the new language - albeit a difficult path, but on the other hand, the most profound one. First you need to get basic knowledge, get acquainted with phonetics, grammar and their features in the introductory section of the tutorial. In the continuation of the entire training introductory course will be a hint and the necessary reference. Only after basic knowledge you can proceed to the main course. If you have any grammatical questions that have arisen in the lessons of the main section, you can always go back to the material of the introductory lessons and work them out simultaneously.
  With this tutorial, you can quickly learn to read and speak Tatar. Isn't that what you were looking for?

The audio courses of this language are also not all the same. The explanatory of this series also immediately catches the eye: all his lessons are built on the principle of complication, each next one builds on the previous material, so it is well consolidated. A self-test dictionary is attached to each lesson: you don’t have to look for an incomprehensible word at the end of all sections of the tutorial, losing a lot of time while doing so, and not with gratitude, remembering the author. :) Special attention is required from your side: speaker , it is necessary to repeat and follow all recommendations. The pronunciation of words in Tatar opens every lesson. Then comes the translation of each sentence. You will understand how simply words, phrases from the proposed dialogue in other contexts are used. Features of the use of expressions and new words will explain to you the bilingual speaker, giving examples of their use in modern speech. Using such an excellent educational material, you will perfectly master the Tatar language. Good luck to you!

Interview of a Russian teacher KNRTU-KAI about the love for the language Tukay Part 2

“Real Time” publishes the second part of an interview with Konstantin Trutnev, a researcher at KNRTU-KAI, who fell in love with the Tatar language several years ago and began to study it at a mature age. Our interlocutor talks about the difficulties he faced in the process of learning, is he really ready to fight with native speakers at the Tatar Olympiad and what his personal "top-10" looks like in a colorful and elegantly sounding language.

"I would put the Ukrainian language in second place in the world in terms of color and elegance of sound"

- Konstantin Fedorovich, tell me, at what age did you take up the Tatar language?

I began to seriously study the Tatar language only in adulthood, literally 6-7 years ago. But after all, they really say that “it is never too late to learn!” And besides, it is very interesting and exciting. One can dream about the same thing, how nice it is to sit at the desk again and come back to the school board.

- Did you study anyor languages ​​other than Tatar?

On Echo Moskvy radio station, a very interesting program called “How are they there?” - “How are they?” Appeared recently, in which Matvey Ganapolsky and Alexey Solomin in a very original and humorous manner give every Wednesday at 16 o'clock listeners Ukrainian lessons.

Indeed, the Ukrainian language is a very resonant language and, moreover, it is almost indispensable for humor, for example, in the style of “Odessa Jews”! I would put the Ukrainian language in second place in the world in terms of color and elegance of sound. And in the first place in the world who? Of course, you have already guessed my preference. And not only in the first place, but even with the "Grand Prix" and with the other "Cups for Cups", and with a large margin, in my opinion, of course, the Tatar language!

“I would also put Italian in the top ten (remember, for example, songs performed by Robertino Loretti and like outstanding singers)”. Photo pravda.ru

From my point of view, the Tatar language, by very many indicators. - unconditional "favorite in the world." This is really the most beautiful language of communication and art in the world!

In the top ten, I would also put Italian (remember, for example, songs performed by Robertino Loretti and other outstanding singers like him), French (not without reason in recent past centuries, French was considered very fashionable in Russia, for example, for small talk), English ( a kind of unconditional leader for a brief and accurate presentation of scientific facts and documentation of other factual materials).

And where is our so-called “great and mighty”? Of course, such a definition of the Russian language is given by the classics of literature for a reason ... And, as we know, "the classics do not rule"! What is there to say? "Shulay yes bulsyn!" - that is, "Let it be so!".

And the Tatar language, as I said above, could be called here “the most beautiful and the richest”!

- Is knowledge of different languages ​​really an important element for a physicist or a mathematician?

Yes, indeed, knowledge of languages ​​is, without any doubt, a very important element for any cultural person, including physicists and mathematicians. In addition, the Tatar language compares favorably with all other languages. Here again, mention should be made of the very clear logic of the construction of all parts of speech and the construction of sentences. In addition, it is in the Tatar language that there is a very rich set of sounds that already with their beautiful sound, like certain “precise reference tuning forks” set us up for a positive and sublime way, improve our mood, stimulate successful work and strive to achieve high results, including and in mental activity.

And it is also very important, in this respect, especially, the so-called remarkable “law of synharmonism”, which exists in the Tatar language. Words are either entirely solid or entirely soft. And the alternation of such words, of course, contributes to the right mood for a harmonious rhythm of the activity of our mind.

“There are absolutely no difficulties in studying for anyone who wants to.” Photo kpfu.ru

“Yes, atheists may forgive me ...”

- Was it hard for you to learn? new language   in adulthood? What difficulties have you encountered?

There are absolutely no difficulties in studying for anyone! It is enough to mention a whole series of “self-taught Tatar language teachers” from Ravil Akramovich Sabirov and Gulnara Salihovna Sabirovoy, some of which, by the way, are called “Tatar language is easy to learn”. Incidentally, these books and well-voiced audio discs are attached.

- Are you still self-taught or did you have to resort to paid courses?

I was very helped by the courses of grammar and speech culture of the Tatar language, which were held for everyone in my native KNITU-KAI Department of the Russian and Tatar languages ​​and were organized with the participation of Natalia Gabdreeva and Aigul Renatovna Biktimirova.

Plus, in addition to the books already mentioned, of course, there are still many good and different textbooks. But among them, books with an original method are favorably distinguished by which one can immediately, from day one, begin reading stories in a previously unknown language - these are books to read according to the original “Ilya Frank Method”, where the translation of words with the necessary explanations is given right along the way. story text.

- With the benefits everything is clear, and the movies, music helped you in studying?

The audio books published with the support of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tatarstan, in particular, recorded in the Aksu studio, as well as magnificent illustrated books in audio and in print versions, and separately in two languages, issued by the Publishing House Mardani . Such organizations, I give them their due, make a significant contribution to the preservation and dissemination of the world cultural heritage.

“I would only mention Vasily Fattakhov here (many identify her as the legendary performer of the song“ Tugan Yak ”-“ Native Land ”, although her repertoire contains many other, no less soulful songs). Her lively voice gives us an unconditional clue, a bright hope, "good news" that she should not and cannot forever disappear without a trace. " Photo kazanfirst.ru

And how great are the humorous performances of the “Muncha Tasha’s Tatar variety theater” (Banny Stone) ”from the city of Nizhnekamsk, which artists often travel with tours throughout the country, and also produce colorfully illustrated audio and video disks!

And Tatar songs are now truly, without which I can’t imagine my life. They just create the same sublime and harmonious attitude for a healthy and everyday life, as well as for successful productive work.

- That is, you have a positive attitude to the Tatar stage?

Stars in the firmament of the Tatar stage - an uncountable number. I like many of them endlessly, but this is my personal and intimate ... Therefore, I would only mention Vasily Fattakhov here (many identify her as the legendary performer of the song “Tugan Yak” - “Native Land”, although there are many others in her repertoire less soulful songs). Her lively voice gives us an unconditional clue, a bright hope, a “good news” that she should not and cannot forever disappear without a trace. Yes, let the atheists forgive me, although I think that they themselves dream so that we will soon more likely deny them and persuade them "by the method of the opposite." Let's hope and ask the Creator, the Creator so that our "bright sun" of Vasil, forgive, does not leave for a long time.

“With Tatar I am not much better than with the Ukrainian speech”

- Do you have any favorites among the Tatar artists?

I would especially like to tell you about the Galiaskar Kamal Tatar State Theater. My undoubted favorite in this theater is Guzel Minakova, the performer of many leading roles. I especially liked her as a perky girl, Dilyafruz, in a remake of the play of the same name based on the novel by Tufan Minnulin. And here's a miracle, I supposedly foresaw, as if, as they say, “looked into the water”! My favorite now became Guzel Sibgatullina (she married and even gave birth, pah-pah-pah, not to jinx, two beautiful and, we hope, talented children), but, most importantly, she abruptly went up and now withdraws -Taky in the lead role - now in the role of Galia, in the television series based on the story by Adel Kutuy, “Tapshyrylmagan Khatlar,” that is, “Unsent letters.”

From the theater team them. G. Kamal, I would like to mention another outstanding artist Fanis Ziganshin (F. Zhihanshu) and a very young artist Emil Talipov, who are very successful in all the “characteristic roles” without exception and which the audience is very fond of, and after each performance standing they applaud, give huge bouquets colors.

“From the theater team them. G. Kamal, I would like to mention another outstanding artist Fanis Ziganshin (F. Zhikhanshu) and a very young artist Emil Talipov (in the photo), who are very successful in all the “characteristic roles” without exception. Photo by Maxim Platonov

- If to summarize, at what level do you now speak the Tatar language?

Yes, the question, “at what level do I now speak the Tatar language?” - this is exactly the question for me to fill up! I myself worked for many years as a teacher of physics at the university - at KNRTU-KAI (now I dedicate myself to work as a leading engineer and researcher at two laboratories - the teaching laboratory of the department of general physics and the research laboratory of the quantum center of the same KNRTU-KAI). Therefore, I believe that I myself can give an unbiased and objective assessment of myself, at least on a simple 5-point scale.

And that's what we have “in the dry remnant”: for the grammar and knowledge of those very “Tatars tel kagydыйlәren” - “exact rules of the Tatar language” I definitely set myself 5, and to prove it, I am ready to compete even now at the grammar Olympiad even with the native speakers themselves! Further, for reading: 4 and for the translation, too, 4 (perhaps all the same for the translation, I pulled literally half a point “to my beloved”).

And then what, finally, do I have with the Tatar speech? And with her, so far, unfortunately, “Not much better than a Ukrainian one!” - that is, with Tatar “Not much better than with a Ukrainian speech!”, Although Tatar’s speech is closer and closer to me now! In both these languages, as means of communication, that is, “according to my beloved Tatar language” and “interesting for me Ukrainian”, I have to, to my great regret, have to deliver myself 2. But this is only so far, still ahead, Allah birs!

Fate recently gave me two significant or, as they say, fateful meetings, I would quite frankly say, with great teachers. One of them is an outstanding Tatar public figure Rimzil ’Salikhovich Valeyev. He, in particular, is fluent in several Turkic languages, can quickly move in the course of real communication from one language to another.

But the main feature of Rimzil Salikhovich is that he equally freely and expressively writes articles even in Russian, even in Tatar languages, is regularly published in well-known newspapers and magazines.

"He, in particular, is fluent in several Turkic languages, can quickly move in the course of real communication from one language to another." Photo kazved.ru

The second is also a very remarkable and outstanding figure of art and education. This is a professor of the department. fine arts   from the University of Architecture and Construction Zakir Sultanovich Batrayev. This amazing man by heart knows many verses by Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Sergey Yesenin. But this is not all, he immediately, without departing from the place, can from memory recite Gabdulla Tukay’s verses and poems of other poets in the Tatar language. Zakir Sultanovich told me a very instructive story from his life that the knowledge of the Tatar language and Tatar literature helped him in high school, where he moved from the national school, the best in the class to write essays on the Russian language. That is, we see that knowledge of several languages ​​does not interfere at all, but, on the contrary, helps the development of the mind and intellect!

I hope to get informal Tatar lessons from such wonderful and great teachers and, Allah Birsә, soon correct my shortcomings and finally "achieve reciprocity" from my favorite Tatar speech!

Lina Sarimova