Bridge in France 304 meters. The Millau Viaduct over the Tarn Valley is the tallest bridge in the world. The history of the creation of the Millau viaduct. Conditions of the concession
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TwitterConstruction of the highest bridge on the planet began on December 14, 2001, and exactly three years later it was opened. Of course, this is not a coincidence - the company Eiffage, which was engaged in the development and construction of the structure, specially timed the grand opening to coincide with the start date of the project.
Major contributions to the design of the new French landmark belong to the engineer Michel Virlojot and the architect Norman Foster. One of them also became famous for his work on the project of the famous cable-stayed bridge "Normandy", and the second participated in the construction of Hong Kong airport and the reconstruction of the Berlin Reichstag. It is believed that before starting the construction of the unique Viaduct Millau, scientists conducted research for about 10 years.
Norman Foster - famous architect from Great Britain
The first cars raced along the new track two days after its opening. It was decided to make the journey toll. Under an agreement with the French government, Eiffage can charge a fee for 75 years to offset its construction costs.
How to get to the Viaduct Millau bridge
The exact address: Viaduc de Millau, 12400 Millau, France.
How to get from Paris:
To get to one of the observation decks, you need to, driving along the A75 highway, turn at any of the exits 44-47.
Bridge Viaduct Millau on the map
What to see
The Millau Viaduct is a 4-lane road paved with steel structure. On the one hand, it is supported by supports installed in the ground, and on the other, by cables fixed on high pylons. Due to this last fact, the structure is called suspended or cable-stayed.
The total length of the track is almost 2.5 kilometers and the width reaches 32 meters. The road is laid with a slight slope of 3%, directed from south to north. On the way, all travelers have a stunning view of the Tarn River valley, for which this place is very fond of photographers. For better view the bridge structure was built not straight, but slightly curved - in the form of an arc with a radius of about 20 meters. In a word, tourists have two reasons to visit Millau at once: firstly, to reduce travel time, and secondly, to admire the panorama of southern France and make spectacular shots.
In total, there are 7 observation decks along the bridge, which can be accessed for free. The most interesting are located near the following villages:
- Creissels;
- Saint-Georges-de-Luzençon;
- Peyre;
Several interesting places in terms of view can be found in the city of Millau - for example, beautiful photos are obtained from the Lerouge bridge, as well as from the terrace of the old Beffroy de Millau tower, built in the 17th century. True, the tower is a museum object and is open only in the warm season.
Interesting: some of the pillars of the bridge structure surpass and are comparable in height to the famous New York skyscraper, the Empire State Building.
Ticket prices
The price of the Viaduct Millau depends on the season. The toll collection point is located near the village of Saint-Germain.
Duty cost:
- ~ 512 RUB ) up to 10.4 € ( 2nd ~ 770 RUB );
- 2nd ~ 765 RUB ) up to 15.6 € ( 2nd ~ 1 155 RUB );
- For motorcycles - from 4.25 € ( 2nd ~ 315 RUB ) up to 5.1 € ( 2nd ~ 378 RUB );
In the city of Millau, an information center has been built with a museum and a specially organized site where 40-minute excursions are held. Part of the exposition can be visited independently, while the other part can only be visited with a guide and a group, tours run several times a day.
Schedule:
- 09:30 to 18:30 or 19:30, depending on the season;
Excursion cost:
- Adult ticket - 4.5 € ( 2nd ~ 333 RUB );
- Child ticket - 2.5 € ( 2nd ~ 185 RUB );
- The Millau Viaduct was awarded a 3-star category in 2018 by the acclaimed Michelin Guide series. This is a very high rating - about like three Michelin stars for a restaurant.
- A special asphalt concrete was developed for the roadbed of the new A75 highway.
- Once every 2 years, mass races take place across the bridge, for the sake of which the track is closed for several hours.
- Eiffage, the company that built the unique bridge structure, issued a 120-year warranty on it. Although there are still critics in France who argue that it is still not reliable enough.
- Numerous sensors monitor the stability of the structure and the condition of all its supports. In total, up to 100 measurements per second are carried out, the results of which are processed by the control center in the administrative building at the payment point.
Panorama of the bridge Viaduct Millau
Thanks to the launch of the Viaduct Millau bridge, it was possible to remove the traffic load from the highway number 9, where traffic jams were often formed in the summer season. But, as it turned out, the benefits of the new highway are much greater - it has become a bright technical highlight of France. At the same time, for those who decide to visit the information center and learn about the history of the miracle bridge, there will be other bonuses: for example, 7 km from the city of Millau there is a small but very picturesque village of Peyre, where the houses are literally embedded in the rock. Here you can taste local wines and admire the scenery.
Business card
Address
Viaduc de Millau, 12400 Millau, France
Official site of the bridge Viaduct Millau
Price
Viaduct fare:
For passenger cars less than 2 meters high - from 6.92 € ( ~ 512 RUB ) up to 10.4 € ( 2nd ~ 770 RUB );
For cars with a height of 2-3 meters - from 10.33 € ( 2nd ~ 765 RUB ) up to 15.6 € ( 2nd ~ 1 155 RUB );
For motorcycles - from 4.25 € ( 2nd ~ 315 RUB ) up to 5.1 € ( 2nd ~ 378 RUB );
The cost of the excursion in the museum:
Adult ticket - 4.5 € ( 2nd ~ 333 RUB );
Child ticket - 2.5 € ( 2nd ~ 185 RUB )
Working hours
09:30 to 18:30 or 19:30, depending on the season
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On which it is equipped highway... This incredible structure has its own unique features that attract tourists. You can find out more about the dimensions of this structure, as well as other useful information, from this article.
Reasons for the construction
The Millau Viaduct connects the French capital Paris and the small town of Béziers. Even at the time of the creation of the project, many wondered why they should build such an incredible structure that allows you to get into this small settlement. The reason lies in the fact that there is a huge amount of educational institutions, elite schools, colleges and the like.
People come here from Paris every day, and therefore it was extremely necessary to create a good road. The city of Beziers is also noteworthy for tourists who wish to enjoy swimming in the Mediterranean Sea in hot weather. Only twelve kilometers will have to drive from this settlement to the coastal zone. That is why Beziers, despite its size, is an extremely popular place.
Second target and surrounding area
The trip to Béziers is not the only reason for the construction of the Millau viaduct. The main problem was the transport interchange that leads to the south of the country. National Circuit Nine was not able to cope with the load, and it often experienced incredible traffic jams. People could wait for hours to move on. This did not suit the tourists who were wasting their time. They could spend it on sightseeing in France.
Together with them, ordinary workers on trucks were forced to stand in traffic jams, which negatively affected their schedule. That is why it was decided to build a viaduct called Millau, which is one of the types of bridges.
Today, this building attracts not only tourists, but also photographers from all over the world. The incredible surrounding views of the Tar Valley allow for the most beautiful views. People around the world are happy to buy such images to decorate their workplaces. The most pleasant sight for tourists is the moment when clouds gather under the bridge. They cover the supports, and it seems that the bridge is floating in the air.
Information about the bridge and its construction
Famous masters of their craft were involved in the construction of the Millau viaduct. The first was the Frenchman Michel Virlojot, an engineer by profession. It has already made a name for itself thanks to many projects, among which the Normandy Bridge is an equally impressive structure.
He was joined by the British architect Norman Foster, winner of many awards for work merit. When all the issues were clarified and contracts between the government and the design company were concluded, active work began. Already in mid-December 2004, the highest bridge in the world, the Millau viaduct, was opened and fully operational. It is 32 meters wide and 2.5 kilometers long.
Until now, this structure is one of the industrial wonders of the world, which attracts a huge number of tourists. This is a great merit of the world famous architect Norman Foster for his revolutionary solutions. It was he who almost from scratch in Berlin rebuilt the Reichstag in the form in which it was before the destruction. By doing so, he restored one of the symbols of Germany.
Data about the design company: difficulties in work
In addition to Norman Foster and Michel Virlojot, it is worth noting the merits of the Eiffage design company in the construction of the Millau viaduct. Its dimensions are really impressive, but it could not be otherwise when real masters get down to business. The name of this organization has already thundered all over the world thanks to the construction of the Eiffel Tower. This business card of France has given the company an excellent reputation. This became possible thanks to the efforts of Eiffel and his design school.
It took exactly three years to bring Millau's project to life, which were far from the easiest. In the process of labor, craftsmen have repeatedly encountered various problems. In describing the construction of the Millau viaduct, it should be mentioned that the supports had to be developed each separately due to the landscape where they were to be installed.
There is a gorge under the bridge that separates two plateaus. When erecting the viaduct, it was necessary to calculate the load in individual places and create unequal supports. One of them is as much as 25 meters thick at the base and narrows significantly at the transport bed.
Delivery of materials
The length of the Millau viaduct is 2.5 kilometers and the width is 32 meters, which has already been said. It has an eight-lane roadbed, which weighs a total of 36 thousand tons. A three-degree slope and 20 km radius curvature gives drivers excellent visibility when crossing the bridge.
To ensure complete safety with such parameters, it was necessary not only to design each support separately, but also to very accurately calculate the diameter and load resistance in each section. It is precisely because of the huge size that they faced another difficulty during the construction of the bridge - the delivery of materials.
The main pillar of the viaduct has sixteen sections and each weighs 2.3 tons. Vehicle that could deliver such materials to this area simply does not exist. That is why they were divided into parts of 60 tons and each delivered separately. If you imagine that seven poles with a minimum height of 77 meters were divided into parts, it is difficult to even imagine how much time was spent on delivery. Don't forget about the 97-meter high pylons and 11 pairs of cables.
Track
The A75 highway is currently actively exploited by residents of the capital and other people. It passes precisely through this viaduct, and therefore deserves special attention. Its construction began back in 1975, but it was completed only after the appearance of the highest bridge in the world. The A75 is considered to be a complement to the A71, which leads from Orleans to Clermont-Ferrand.
First of all, its task was to redirect part of the traffic from the Rhone valley. As mentioned above, tourists and trucks were often in traffic jams here, and therefore the creation of an alternative route was extremely necessary.
If you go by the A75 motorway, you can get to the south of France quickly, since the road to the region is the most economical. The 340 kilometers long web is completely free to use. Second important task was the connection of Northern Europe with the Paris region and the simplification of travel to the Mediterranean coast and Spain as well.
Records
The legendary viaduct simply could not fail to get into the Guinness Book of Records. The design has established three world indicators at once, the first of which is the highest placement of the roadbed. The highest point above the ground is 270 meters, and this is considered a record.
There are two more bridges that could claim this title. The first is located in Colorado, USA, and is called the Royal Gorge Bridge. The second can be seen in China, where it joins the banks of a river called Syduhe. The construction in the USA is at 321 meters, but there is a catch in the views of the bridges. It is intended for pedestrians, and the structure in China is located on a plateau, and the height of the supports there is much lower.
Another record belongs to the height of the support together with the pylon. The indicator of 343 meters even exceeds the Eiffel Tower, which already speaks of the status of this viaduct.
The third record belongs to the pillars P2 and P3, which are the highest in the world - 244.96 and 222.05 meters, respectively. These facts alone are enough to visit this viaduct.
Criticism during construction
It is worth noting that during the development of the project of the Millau viaduct, there was sharp criticism from the public. In France, the possibility of building something truly legendary is often questioned. So it was with the Eiffel Tower in Paris, as well as with the famous Sacre Coeur Basilica.
Opponents of the construction have spoken publicly and said that the bridge would be unsafe. As arguments, they cited possible shifts at the bottom of the gorge. The second reason was that spending resources will never pay for itself. At the same time, the presence of a detour can negatively affect the tourism industry in the city of Millau.
They even said that it was simply illogical to use such technologies on the A75 highway. Only now those responsible for building the personality were ready for this, and gave their explanations to a huge number of negative fears. The wave of protests did not stop even after that, and for three years the activists continued to insist on their own.
A solution that is profitable for everyone
Viaduct Millau (France) was erected in three years, and 400 million euros were spent on it, which is already an incredible amount. The passage through this bridge is paid, since it was built at the expense of the design company, which was mentioned above.
If for 78 years of operation they can earn 375 million euros on it, then the viaduct will pass into the ownership of the state free of charge. If this does not happen, then the government will have to compensate for all losses. During the season, additional lanes are even opened at the payment point so that 16 cars can pass through this wonderful structure at the same time.
Predictions suggest that Eiffage will not be able to recover its costs. Only this will not hit their budget hard, and the viaduct is a confirmation of their capabilities. That is why money is not very important here.
There is in southern France, near the city of Millau, one unique structure - a cable-stayed road bridge, thrown across the Tarn River valley. The skyscraper bridge "unties" the busy motorway that connects Paris and Barcelona by the shortest route. Its construction cost 400 million euros, and it is planned to charge a fee for the pleasure of riding on it over the next 78 years.
By the way, it is correct to call this structure “viaduct”, that is, the same bridge, but thrown over a gorge, ravine or a whole valley, as in the case of Millau. Yes, and as much as I would not want to slip into English, having read the name in the form of "Millau", you should not do this. That's right - Millau 🙂
There are 7 observation decks in the viaduct area, well marked on the map >>
There you can also find their description and other useful information.
We visited two of them. First, the lower Cap de Coste-Brunas, indicated in the diagram at number 1. It offers a view from the bottom of the valley, and the pillars of the bridge look like real giants, especially compared to the bugs-machines scurrying below. There are seven pillars in total, the second of which they like to compare with the Eiffel Tower, not in favor of the latter. Immediately I remembered those sweetly fascinating experiences that covered during the third level of the Eiffel (310 meters). How about organizing the ascent to the Milhaud pylons ?!
11 pairs of cables are attached to each of the pylons to support the road:
The 32-meter wide roadway is four-lane (two lanes in each direction) and has two reserve lanes. In order to resist the deformation of the metal bed due to traffic, the Appia research team has developed a special asphalt concrete based on mineral resin. Relatively soft to accommodate steel deformation without cracking, however, it had to have sufficient stability to meet road traffic criteria (wear, density, structure, adhesion, resistance to deformation - rutting, sagging, shearing, etc.) .). It took two years of research to find the "perfect formula."
To the ground - 270 meters, oklmn!
But the most impressive views open up from the height of the hill near the observation deck L'aire du Viaduc de Millau (number 7 on the diagram). From there you can clearly see that the viaduct is ... crooked! The radius of curvature of 20 km allows cars to move along a more precise trajectory than if it were a straight line, and gives the viaduct the illusion of endlessness.
For travel now they take 6.10 euros from cars (in July and August - more expensive), which is practically a robbery for 2.5 kilometers. But the project needs to be paid off somehow ...
While Millau was under construction, he was the tallest transport bridge, but in 2009 the Chinese built a bridge even higher, even further ... and te teh. True, there is a nuance: the Chinese bridge passes over a gorge half a kilometer deep, but its supports are not at the bottom. Therefore, another question is who is higher and how to count: by the height of the pylons or by the height of the roadbed.
View of the “sails” of the viaduct from the main observation deck. By the way, people come here with their wine, sit on parapets, admire the beauty and sip. We also joined 🙂
Each bridge support stands in four wells 15 m deep and 5 m in diameter, and all of them are equipped with a large number of measuring instruments - anemometers, accelerometers, inclinometers, temperature sensors, which collect detailed information about the viaduct's "behavior" and transmit it to the service center. located together with the toll station.
The valley through which the viaduct is thrown. The roads below, though secondary, are of excellent quality.
Green river Tarn, creator of the valley. Despite its meek appearance, it is known for catastrophic floods.
And this is the village of Millau, which shares its name with the viaduct. At first, the locals were very happy with the construction of the bridge. They say that now the cars will drive on top, will not pollute the air and create traffic jams. But over time I came out and by-effect: A decrease in the number of tourists passing through Millau negatively affects the town's economy.
Overall, the visit to the Millau viaduct and the accompanying viewpoints was very impressive. A kind of new attraction in southern France, which must be included in the route, especially when traveling by car.
Location: Valley of the Tarn River, France.
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Viaduct Millau (Millau) - Viaduc de Millau the highest bridge in the world. Its largest bridge pylon is 343 meters high. Weight 36,000 t, and seven steel pylons 700 t each. The length of the viaduct is 2,460 m. The two pylons reach the maximum height on the planet (P2 = 245 m and P3 = 221 m)
It crosses the Tarn Valley at an altitude of about 270 m above the ground. The 32 m wide roadway is four-lane (two lanes in each direction) and has two reserve lanes. stands on 7 supports, each of which is topped with 87 m high pylons (11 pairs of cables are fixed on them).
The radius of curvature of 20 km allows cars to move along a more accurate trajectory than if it were a straight line, and gives the viaduct the illusion of endlessness.
Concrete structures provide anchorage of the roadway to the ground at the Larzaca plateau and the red plateau, they are called abutments.
Characteristics of the Millau viaduct (Millau) - Viaduc de Millau
Scheme of the cable-stayed bridge of the Millau viaduct (Millau) - Viaduc de Millau
| P / p No. | Main technical parameters of cable-stayed bridge |
| 1 | Bridge scheme: 204 + 6x342 + 204 m |
| 2 | The total length of the bridge is 2460 m |
| 4 | Maximum span length - 342 m |
| 5 | General dimensions of the superstructure 32x4.2 m |
| 6 | Number of lanes - 4 x 3.5 m (2 in each direction) |
| 7 | Maximum roadbed height: about 270 m above the ground |
| 8 | Pylon height (support body + pylon) - 343 m |
| 9 | Maximum height (pillar height P2): 343 m, that is, 20 m higher than the Eiffel Tower. |
| 10 | Slope: 3.015%, rising from north to south in the direction of Clermont-Ferrand-Béziers. |
| 11 | Curvature radius: 20 km |
| 12 | Height of the largest support (P2): 245 m. |
| 13 | Height of the smallest support (P7): 77.56 m. |
| 14 | Pylon height: 88.92 m. |
| 15 | Number of supports: 7 |
| 16 | Number of cables: 154 (11 pairs on pylons located on one axis). |
| 17 | Cable pressure: 900 t for the longest. |
| 18 | Steel sheet weight: 36,000 tons, which is 4 times more than the Eiffel Tower. |
| 19 | The volume of concrete structures: 85,000 m2, which is 206,000 tons. |
| 20 | Viaduct construction cost: 478 ml dollars, |
| 21 | 1 month construction backlog cost $ 1 million |
| 22 | Concession term: 78 years (3 years of construction and 75 years of operation). |
| 23 | Project architect Lord Norman Foster |
| 24 | Warranty: 120 years |
Stages of construction of the Millau viaduct
1st stage. Construction of intermediate supports
The supports have a complex geometry that tapers towards the top with vertical slits to create shadows.
Pillar of the Millau viaduct - website
The supports were constructed using vertical self-climbing formwork. 16 thousand tons of reinforcement were used for the construction of the Millau viaduct. The total height of the supports is more than a kilometer.
Sections for concreting equal in height to 4 m. The formwork had to be changed more than 250 times.
Pillar of the Millau viaduct - website
The length of all reinforcing bars is exactly 4000 km, which is the distance from the viaduct to central Africa. If an error is made during concreting by 10 cm, then the support will not converge by 10 cm.In the construction of the supports, GPS navigation was used, the measurement error was 4 mm, the error in the construction of the support in the plan was 2 cm.
The day of delay in the construction of the Millau viaduct costs the contractor 30 thousand dollars. The 7 pillars are numbered from the north of the valley.
200 thousand tons of concrete for the construction of the viaduct.
2nd stage of construction. Longitudinal Slide
Longitudinal thrusting of the superstructure weighing 36 thousand tons on the Tarn River at an altitude of 270 m. The superstructure of the Mijo viaduct is designed with steel with a total length of 2.5 km. The company that was engaged in the manufacture of the superstructure was the Eiffel company.
The company produced 2,200 superstructure blocks weighing up to 90 tons, some reaching 22 m in length. Manufacturing accuracy was achieved using a laser. Metal cutting was fully automated using a plasma cutter, every part with a complex geometry can be cut without problems. The temperature of the cutter reached 28 thousand degrees Celsius.
Thrusting was carried out from two sides, and should be connected over the Tarn River. For the longitudinal sliding of the viaduct, they used (a receiving console for collision with a temporary support and a capital support) and a pylon for additional rigidity of the superstructure.
The temporary supports were 170 meters high, the construction of which consisted of welded sections of metal pipes. The supports had to withstand 7000 thousand tons of a 90-meter pylon and part of the bridge deck.Sliding technology. On the capital supports, pushing devices are arranged, 4 sets for each support. The structure was moved 600 mm every 4 minutes.
Stage 3 of the viaduct construction. Installation of pylons
Installation of pylons from horizontal to vertical using jacks.
4th stage of the viaduct construction. Installation of cables
The viaduct cables must support the roadway weighing about 40 thousand tons. The construction of the viaduct cables consists of 154 cables. The rope consists of 91 ropes that can carry 25 thousand tons.
5th stage of the viaduct construction. Asphalt laying
Covering with asphalt will add another 10 thousand tons to the total weight of the structure. Deflection 26 cm after arrival of 28 loaded dump trucks with a total weight of 900 tons. The tallest bridge in the world was designed for a deflection of 54 cm.The longest suspension bridge in the world, the highest highway, the highest 343 meter bridge on earth
The construction of the Millau viaduct
The metal span of the viaduct is very light compared to its total mass, approximately 36,000 tons, 2460 m long and 32 m wide. The canvas has 8 spans.
The six central spans are 342 m long each, and the two outer ones are 204 m long.
The canvas consists of 173 central caissons, the real spine of the structure, to which the side decks and outer caissons are tightly soldered.
The central caissons consist of 4 m wide and 15-22 m long sections with a total weight of 90 tonnes. The roadbed is shaped like an inverted wing of an aircraft so that it is less exposed to wind.
Cross-section of the Viaduct Millau - website
Supports and foundations
Each support stands in four wells 15 m deep and 5 m in diameter
Height of supports in (m) Millau viaduct
| Р1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 | P7 |
| 94,501 | 244,96 | 221,05 | 144,21 | 136,42 | 111,94 | 77,56 |
Pylons
Seven pylons 88.92 m high and weighing about 700 tons stand on supports. 11 pairs of cables are attached to each of them, supporting the roadway.
Guys
The cables were developed by the Freyssinet community (fr. RgeuvsueZ. Each rope has received a triple corrosion protection (galvanized, coated with protective wax and an extruded polyethylene jacket). The outer jacket of the cables is equipped with double spiral ridges along the entire length. water along the cables, which in the event of a strong wind can cause vibration of the cables, which will affect the stability of the viaduct.
Covering burly linen
To resist the deformation of the metal bed due to traffic, the Appia research group has developed a special asphalt concrete based on mineral resin.
Soft enough to accommodate the deformation of the steel without cracking, however, it had to be strong enough to meet road traffic criteria (wear, density, structure, grip, resistance to deformation - grooving, etc.) ... It took two years of research to find the "perfect formula."
Viaduct electrical equipment
The electrical equipment of the viaduct is proportional to the entire huge structure. Thus, 30 km of high voltage cables, 20 km of fiber optic cables, 10 km of low voltage cables were laid along the bridge, and 357 telephone connections were created so that repair teams could communicate with each other and have communication with the control center, wherever they are - on the road , supports or pylons.
As for the equipment, the viaduct, of course, did not remain without various devices. Supports, canvas, pylons and cables are all equipped with a large number of sensors. They were conceived in order to track the slightest displacement of the viaduct and assess its stability over time.
Anemometers, accelerometers, inclinometers, temperature sensors, etc. - all of them are included in the set of used measuring instruments.
12 fiber optic strain gauges were placed at the foot of the P2 support. As the highest pillar of the viaduct, it is subjected to the greatest stress.
These sensors detect any drift per micrometer from the norm. Other strain gauges, already electrical, were placed on the tops of the P2 and P7 supports. This equipment is capable of taking up to 100 measurements per second.
In strong winds, they allow constant monitoring of the viaduct's response to exceptional weather conditions. Accelerometers located at strategic points on the track monitor vibrational phenomena that can affect metal structures. The location of the canvas at the level of the abutments is observed down to a millimeter.
As for the cables, they are also equipped with equipment, and their aging is closely monitored. Moreover, two piezoelectric sensors collect a variety of traffic data: vehicle weight, average speed, traffic density, etc. This system is able to distinguish between 14 different types of vehicles.
The collected information is transmitted via a network like Ethernet to a computer in the information room of the building for the operation of the viaduct, located near the barrier of the toll station.
Road toll
The tariff of the road toll collected by the concessionaire is set by him annually in accordance with the current legislation within the framework of five-year plans, which are approved by the two parties to the agreement.
- 5.4 € for passenger cars (7.00 € in July and August);
- 8.1 € for intermediate types of transport (10.6 € in July and August);
- € 19.4 for two-axle machines exceeding 3.5 tons (all year round);
- € 26.4 for three-axis machines (all year round);
- 3.5 € for motorcycles (all year).
Construction of the Millau viaduct (chronology)
- Duration of construction - 38 misyats
- October 16, 2001: Start of construction.
- December 14, 2001: Laying the "first stone".
- January 2002: Laying of the foundation for the supports.
- March 2002: Installation of the C8 abutment began.
- June 2002: Beginning of installation of supports - completion of installation of support C8.
- July 2002: Start of installation of temporary supports.
- August 2002: Commencement of installation of the CO abutment.
- September 2002: Start of assembly of the bridge deck.
- November 2002: Pillar P2 (highest) surpassed 100 m.
- February 25, 2003: Beginning of laying the roadway.
- May 28, 2003: Pillar P2 reached a height of 180 m, thus becoming the tallest pylon in the world (before that the holder of the world record was the Kochertal viaduct). This record was broken again at the end of the year by a 245 m high tower.
- July 3, 2003: Beginning of the L3 route guidance process.
- The pointing was completed in 60 hours. Towards the end of the pickup, the roadbed was temporarily attached to the support to ensure its stability in the event of a storm at a wind speed of 185 km / h.
- August 25-26, 2003: Guidance of the L4 section. The roadbed has spread from support P7 to temporary support Pi6.
- August 29, 2003: Coupling of the roadway along the line of the intermediate support Pi6 after overcoming 171m. The roadbed was raised to a height of 2.4 m so that it could pass over the temporary support Pi6. After that "Freyssinet" temporarily put the pylon РЗ on the support Р7.
- September 12, 2003: Second laying (L2) of 114m metal bridge deck on the north side of the viaduct. The first aiming (L1) was made on the ground quite close to the abutment level, allowing you to check this procedure and technical devices.
- November 20, 2003: Completion of the tower construction.
- March 26, 2004: Guidance of the L10 section from the south side. The roadbed has reached the support of the RZ.
- On the night of April 4-5, 2004: The metal deck is brought up to the P2 tower, the highest in the world. The aiming operation was slowed down by the wind and a veil of fog, which interfered with the laser aiming. By this time, 1,947 m of the roadway had been completed.
- April 29, 2004: End of road alignment from the north side. The edge of the roadbed was in line with Tarn. It remained to make two more leads from the south side.
- May 28, 2004: The north and south canvases are several centimeters apart. The connection of these parts was officially announced (in fact, the final docking was completed within the next few days).
- End of July 2004: Completed lifting of the pylons.
- September 21 - 25, 2004: Start of paving by the Appia Group. For this, 9,000 tons of special asphalt concrete and 1,000 tons of conventional asphalt concrete in the center were used.
- November 2004: End of dismantling of temporary supports.
- November 17, 2004: Beginning of the design check (920 t total load).
- December 14, 2004: Grand opening viaduct by French President Jacques Chirac.
- December 16, 2004, 9:00 am: Opening of the viaduct to traffic ahead of schedule (originally the viaduct was due to open on January 10, 2005).
- December 18, 2004: Completion of the last finishing works.
Last week I flew in Europe and the main purpose of the trip was the cable-stayed bridge in the village of Millao. This is a French wilderness 250 kilometers from the border with Spain. We went kakraz from Spain, from Barcelona. In total, this is 400 km distance. It is one of the tallest and longest bridges in the world.
Now a little about the bridge itself - this is a hellishly grandiose structure. The length of the roadway is 2460 meters. The width is 32 meters, the height of the highest pylon (P2) is 343 meters from the ground. The height of the Eiffel Tower is 324 meters. This miracle was built in 2004, how it was built - you can see it from the discovery or national geographic, I don't remember exactly where I looked.
It is located on the A75 motorway, from Barcelona go straight and to the left :).
Photos in the album "Viaduct Millau" P adlik on Yandex.Photos
Border between Spain and France. Or rather, its absence. You go and go, no brakes, no checks. I didn't even take my documents with me.
Roads in France, and in Spain, are gorgeous. Allowed speed on highways is 130 km / h (110 km / h in rain). But most of the tracks are toll roads. In total, the round trip costs about 50 euros. Cards are accepted, so it's simple.
Entrance to the bridge from the south. Restriction 110, 3 lanes, you cannot walk on foot.
Of course, we missed the turn to the observation deck. Here is the left track. I had to take it backwards.
It's near the lookout, where you can eat and buy souvenirs. Parking is free. RVs are full of people.
Observation deck. There were obviously very few Russians here, there are no characteristic inscriptions anywhere. The French and the Germans sometimes come across.
The village of Millau itself. The bridge was built to prevent traffic jams from paralyzing this village in summer.
This is the closest support, this is the highest one.
Support and cables.
Especially for the curious, everything is surrounded by a fence. You can't get anywhere. Another observation deck is also visible between the supports.
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