Krikalev, Sergei Konstantinovich. The life and unusual adventures of cosmonaut sergey krikalev krikalev sergey

In 1981 he graduated from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute with the qualification of a mechanical engineer.

Development engineer

After graduation, he worked at NPO Energia. He tested equipment used in space flights, developed methods of work in space and participated in the work of the ground control service. In 1985, when malfunctions arose at the Salyut-7 station, he worked in the recovery group, developed methods for docking with the uncontrolled station and repairing its onboard systems.

Krikalev was selected for training for space flights in 1985, the next year he completed a basic training course and was temporarily assigned to a group under the Buran reusable spacecraft program.

At the beginning of 1988, he began preparations for his first long-term flight at the Mir station. The trainings included preparation for spacewalks, for docking with new modules, for the first tests of the installation for moving an astronaut, and for work on the second Soviet-French scientific expedition.

Space flights

Soyuz TM-7 was launched on November 26, 1988, the crew consisted of commander Alexander Alexandrovich Volkov, flight engineer Krikalev and French astronaut Jean-Loup Chretien. The previous crew remained at the Mir station for another twenty-six days, thus establishing the longest stay at the station for a crew of six. After the previous crew returned to Earth, Krikalev, Polyakov and Volkov continued to carry out experiments on board the station. Due to the fact that the arrival of the next crew was delayed, they prepared the station for an unmanned flight and returned to Earth on April 27, 1989. For this flight, Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union.

In 1990, Krikalev was preparing for his second flight as a member of the backup crew for the eighth long-term expedition to the Mir station.

In December 1990, Krikalev began preparations for participation in the ninth expedition to the Mir station. Soyuz TM-12 was launched on May 19, 1991 with commander Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky, flight engineer Krikalev and British astronaut Helen Sharman. A week later Sharman returned to Earth with the previous crew, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on the Mir. Over the summer, they carried out six spacewalks, while carrying out numerous scientific experiments, as well as work on maintaining the station.

According to the plan, the return of Krikalev was supposed to take place in five months, but in July 1991 Krikalev agreed to stay at the Mir station as a flight engineer with another crew (which was supposed to arrive in October), since the next two flights were combined into one. On October 2, 1991, the place of flight engineer in the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft was taken by Toktar Aubakirov, a cosmonaut from Kazakhstan who was not prepared for a long flight. He and Franz Viebeck, the first astronaut in Austria, returned to Earth together with Artsebarsky on October 10, while commander Alexander Volkov remained with Krikalev. After changing the crew in October, Volkov and Krikalev continued their experiments on the Mir, made another spacewalk and returned to Earth on March 25, 1992. This flight is interesting in that the cosmonauts flew away from the USSR, and returned to Russia - during their flight, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. For this flight, Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero Russian Federation(Star of the Hero of the Russian Federation No. 1).

During the first two flights, Krikalev spent more than a year and three months in space and made seven spacewalks.

In October 1992, the NASA leadership announced that a Russian cosmonaut with experience in space flight would fly on the American reusable spacecraft. Krikalev became one of two candidates sent by the Russian Space Agency for training with the STS-60 crew. In April 1993, he was announced as the main candidate.

Krikalev took part in the STS-60 flight - the first joint US-Russian flight on a reusable spacecraft (shuttle Discovery). Flight STS-60, which began on February 3, 1994, was the second flight with the Spacehab (Space Habitation Module) and the first flight with the WSF (Wake Shield Facility) device. Over the course of eight days, the crew of the Discovery spacecraft performed many different scientific experiments in the field of materials science, both in the WSF device and in the Spacehab module, biological experiments and observations of the Earth's surface. Krikalev performed a significant part of the work with the remote manipulator. After completing 130 orbits and flying 5486215 kilometers, on February 11, 1994, the Discovery spacecraft landed at the Kennedy Space Center (Florida). Thus, Krikalev became the first Russian cosmonaut to fly on an American shuttle.

After the STS-60 flight, Krikalev returned to his work in Russia. He traveled periodically to the Lyndon Johnson Space Center in Houston to work at the Mission Control Center with the Search and Rescue Service on joint US-Russian flights. In particular, he took part in ground support of flights STS-63, STS-71, STS-74, STS-76.

Krikalev was appointed to the first crew of the International space station and was the first in December 1998 to make a short-term mission to the ISS on the shuttle Endeavor.

In October 2000, as part of the first crew of a long-term expedition, Sergei Krikalev, together with Yuri Gidzenko and William Shepherd, began permanent manned flights to the ISS. In this flight, the astronauts met the 21st century in orbit.

On October 11, 2005, Sergei Krikalev completed his sixth flight, returning to Earth from the ISS in the Soyuz TMA-6 descent vehicle after six months in orbit.

Working in an airless space

Work at enterprises and institutions of the space industry

• Since February 2007 - Vice-President of RSC Energia for manned flights (while maintaining flight status in the cosmonaut corps). Subsequently - Deputy General Designer.
• March 27, 2009 - with the transfer to another job, he was relieved of his post as instructor-test cosmonaut of the 1st class of OAO RSC Energia im. S. P. Korolev ".
• Since March 30, 2009 - Head of the Federal State budgetary institution Scientific Research Testing Center for Cosmonaut Training Yu. A. Gagarin ".

Hobbies

Aerobatics, swimming, scuba diving, alpine skiing, windsurfing, tennis, amateur radio (X75M1K). Candidate for master of sports in all-around. Master of Sports of the USSR in aerobatics. Member of the USSR, European and world aerobatics championships. Champion of the USSR in the team competition (1986). European champion in the team competition (1996). World champion in the team competition (1997).

The radio amateur callsign is U5MIR.

Awards and titles

• Hero of the Soviet Union (April 27, 1989)
• Order of Lenin (1989)
• Hero of the Russian Federation (April 11, 1992) - for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on the Mir orbital station (Gold Star medal No. 1)
• Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree (April 5, 2002) - for courage and high professionalism displayed during a long space flight on the International Space Station
• Order of Honor (April 15, 1998) - for successful participation and achievement of high sports results in the First World Air Games
• Order of Friendship of Peoples (March 25, 1992) - for the successful implementation of a space flight on the Mir orbital station and for the courage and heroism shown at the same time
• Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (April 12, 2011) - for great services in the field of exploration, exploration and use of outer space, long-term conscientious work, active social activities
• Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of St. Petersburg" (2005)
• Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor (France, 1989)
• Honorary title "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" (1989)
• Three NASA Space Flight Medals (1996, 1998, 2001)
• NASA Medal for Outstanding Public Service (2003)
• Honorary Citizen of St. Petersburg (2007)
• Honored Master of Sports of Russia

• Lifetime Honorary Member of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain
• Laureate of the National Prize "Golden Eye of Russia"

> > > Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich

Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich (1958-)

Short biography:

Cosmonaut of the USSR:№67;

Cosmonaut of the world:№209;

Number of flights: 6;

Duration: 8 03 days 09 hours 41 minutes 12 seconds;

Number of spacewalks: 8

Sergey Krikalev- 67th cosmonaut, hero of the USSR: biography with photo, space, record holder for being in space, personal life, significant dates, first flight.

- a famous cosmonaut who made 6 flights with a total duration of 803 days 09 hours 41 minutes 12 seconds and 8 spacewalks with a duration of 41 hours 26 minutes. Krikalev is considered the cosmonaut No. 67 in the USSR and No. 209 all over the world.

Sergei Konstantinovich was born in Leningrad on August 27, 1958, studied at the city school number 77, received the specialty "chemist-analyst-laboratory assistant", was interested in airplane sports, graduated from the mechanical engineering faculty of the Leningrad Mechanical Institute. The diploma of a mechanical engineer included the specialty "Design and manufacture of aircraft".

Space

On September 2, 1985, the GMVK decided to enroll Krikalev in the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia, and for about a year he underwent general space training, and only on November 28, 1986 the MVKK awarded him the qualification level "test cosmonaut". The cosmonaut underwent training under the Buran program, being in the crew led by Alexander Shchukin.

After A. Kaleri stopped taking part in training on the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft due to his health condition, on March 22, 1988, Krikalev became a member of the crew. Together with Alexander Volkov and the Frenchman Jean-Loup Chretien, he trained as a flight engineer. This was followed by the preparation of Krikalev as the first test vehicle, work on the Kvant-2 module was to begin, which did not take place due to changes in the flight program.

First flight

The first flight of Krikalyv lasted from November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 under the program of the 4th main expedition (EO-4) and the Soviet-French program "Aragats". The cosmonaut was a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and the Mir spacecraft. Having started together with Volkov Jean-Loup Chretien, Krikalev, who had the call sign "Donbas-2". I landed with the same Volkov and Valery Polyakov. The first flight had a total duration of 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds.

Second flight

The second flight, which lasted 311 days, 20 hours and 54 seconds from May 18, 1991 to March 25, 1992, Krikalev spent together with Anatoly Artsbarsky and Volkov, being a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-12 TC at the start and the Soyuz TM-13 TC at landing. ... The flight took place as part of the 10th main expedition into space, and at the same time it was decided to continue the work of the specialist under the callsigns "Donbas-2" and "Ozone-2".

Third flight

The third flight was short, it took 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds, and Sergei Konstantinovich was a flight 4 specialist on a shuttle called Discovery STS-60.

Fourth flight

The fourth flight with a period of 11 days 19 hours 18 minutes 47 seconds was carried out from 4 to 16 December 1998, and Krikalev was also a flight specialist-4 on the foreign shuttle Endeavor STS-88. During the flight, he took part in on-board work on the ISS and, together with the shuttle commander Robert Kabana, opened the hatch of this very ISS for the first time.

Fifth flight

The fifth flight of the already experienced cosmonaut lasted 140 days 23 hours 40 minutes 19 seconds, and Krikalev was the flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft and the ISS, participating in the first main expedition to the ISS. The launch was on October 31, 2000 on the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft, and on March 21, 2001, on the Discovery STS-102 shuttle.

In 2006, the CTC, RSC Energia and Roscosmos appointed Sergei Krikalev as the TC commander in the ISS-17d backup crew and the ISS-19 prime crew, where he worked together with Maxim Suraev. August of the same year was marked by his appointment as backup for the ISS-17d commander and the flight engineer of the Soyuz-TMA-12 spacecraft, and the appointment was preliminarily determined by representatives of both Roscosmos and NASA. On March 27, 2009, Sergei Krikalev, by decision of the leadership of Roscosmos, was relieved of his duties as an instructor-test cosmonaut.

Personal life

Krikalev is married, wife - Terekhina Elena Yurievna, was born in 1956, works as an engineer at RSC Energia, has a daughter Olga, born in 1990.

Enthusiasm

In his free time, the cosmonaut is fond of swimming, including underwater and in extreme conditions, aerobatics, windsurfing, tennis, alpine skiing, even engages in amateur radio communications under the call sign X75M1K, thereby demonstrating his active life position and versatility.

Full member of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.

Sergey Krikalev was born on August 27, 1958 in the city of St. Petersburg. Graduated from ten grades in 1975 high school No. 77. Since 1977 he was engaged in airplane sports at the local flying club. Four years later he graduated with honors from the Baltic State Technical University in the specialty "Design and manufacture of aircraft".

From September 14, 1981, Krikalev worked as an engineer in the 111th department of the Main Design Bureau of the Scientific and Production Association "Energia". He was engaged in the development of instructions for astronauts. A year later he became an engineer, and from June 1, 1985, a senior engineer of the 191st department of the Main Design Bureau of NPO Energia.

By the decision of the state interdepartmental commission on September 2, 1985, Krikalev was selected to the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia. Over the next year, he underwent general space training. At the end of November 1986 he was awarded the qualification "test cosmonaut". Further, he underwent training under the Buran program for two years.

Sergey Krikalev on March 22, 1988 replaced in the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft Kaleri, who was suspended from training for health reasons. Until November 11, 1988 he was trained as a flight engineer of the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the Aragats program at the Mir orbital complex, together with Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien. He also underwent training as the first test vehicle of an astronaut and was preparing to work with the Kvant-2 module, but the flight program was changed.

Krikalev made his first space flight from November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and the Mir orbital complex under the program of the fourth main expedition and the Soviet-French program Aragats. Launched together with the commander of the spacecraft Volkov and astronaut-citizen of the French Republic Jean-Loup Chretien. After completing the flight program, the station was prepared for operation in unmanned mode and landed on April 27, 1989. The duration of the space flight was 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 27, 1989, for the successful implementation of space flight at the Mir orbital research complex and for the courage and heroism shown, Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

In 1990, Krikalev was preparing for his second flight as a member of the backup crew for the eighth long-term expedition to the Mir station. In December 1990, Krikalev began preparations for participation in the ninth expedition to the Mir station. Soyuz TM-12 was launched on May 18, 1991 with commander Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky, flight engineer Krikalev and British woman cosmonaut Helen Sharman. A week later Sharman returned to Earth with the previous crew, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on the Mir. Over the summer, they carried out six spacewalks, while carrying out numerous scientific experiments, as well as work on maintaining the station.

According to the plan, the return of Krikalev was supposed to take place in five months, but in July 1991 Krikalev agreed to remain at the Mir station as a flight engineer with another crew, which was to arrive in October. This flight is interesting in that the cosmonauts left the USSR and returned to Russia: during their flight, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. The flight duration was 311 days 20 hours 00 minutes 34 seconds.

By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 387 of April 11, 1992 for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight at the Mir orbital station, the USSR pilot-cosmonaut Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation with the presentation of a special distinction of the Gold Star medal "No. 1.

In October 1992, NASA announced that a Russian cosmonaut with experience in space flights... Krikalev became one of two candidates, the second, Vladimir Titov, sent by the Russian Space Agency for training with the STS-60 crew. In April 1993, Krikalev was announced as the main candidate.

Krikalev made his third space flight from February 3 to 11, 1994 as a specialist in the crew aboard the STS-60 Discovery reusable spacecraft. This was the first US-Russian joint flight on a reusable spacecraft in the history of manned space exploration. The flight duration was 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds.

Krikalev made his fourth space flight from 4 to 16 December 1998 as part of the STS-88 mission as a flight 4 specialist. Together with space shuttle commander Robert Kabana, Sergei Krikalev first opened the hatch to the International Space Station. The flight duration was 11 days 19 hours 18 minutes 47 seconds.

Krikalev made his fifth space flight from October 31, 2000 to March 21, 2001 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft and the ISS under the program of the first ISS expedition. He landed on the STS-102 Discovery shuttle as a flight specialist. The flight duration was 140 days 23 hours 40 minutes 19 seconds.

In his sixth space flight, Krikalev led the prime crew of the first expedition to the International Space Station, launching into space on April 15, 2005 on the Soyuz TM6 spacecraft with crew members: NASA astronaut John Phillips and European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori. During the flight, Krikalev made one spacewalk: on August 18, 2005, lasting 4 hours 57 minutes. Together with NASA astronaut John Phillips and space tourist, US citizen Gregory Olsen, he returned to Earth on October 11, 2005. spaceship Soyuz TMA-6. The flight duration was 179 days 0 hours 22 minutes 35 seconds.

Sergey Krikalev holds the record for the total stay in space. For six flights, it was 803 days 09 hours 41 minutes 12 seconds. Performed eight spacewalks, total duration of work in open space 41 hours 26 minutes.

At the end of March 2009, Krikalev was relieved of his post as first class "instructor-cosmonaut-tester". By the order of the head of Roscosmos dated March 27, 2009, he was appointed head of the federal state budgetary institution "Yuri Gagarin Research Testing Center for Cosmonaut Training". At the end of March 2014 he left this position.

Since March 2014, Krikalev has been appointed first deputy general director"Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering" for manned programs, as well as the executive director of the state corporation "Roscosmos" for manned space programs. Since April 2014, the representative of the city of Sevastopol in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Since August 2014, he has held the position of First Deputy General Director of the Central Scientific Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering.

At the meeting of the Board of Directors of PJSC Rocket and Space Complex Energia on January 24, 2019, it was decided to appoint Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev as Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of PJSC Rocket and Space Complex Energia.

Sergei Konstantinovich, in addition to space, also has sporting achievements. For a long time he was engaged in airplane sports. He played at the USSR championship for the team of the Central Aero Club and was a candidate for the USSR national airplane sports team. In this sport, he became the champion of the USSR, the European champion and the world champion in the team competition.

At the First World Air Games in Turkey, he was a member of the Russian national team in aerobatics on gliders. He took first place in the team competition, and also became a silver medalist in the individual competition. At the Second World Air Games in Spain, he was the head coach of the Russian national team. Krikalev was awarded the title "Honored Master of Sports of the Russian Federation".

Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe November 7, 2019 awarded Sergei Krikalev one of the most high awards countries: Order of the Rising Sun on a neck ribbon with a star. The awards ceremony took place at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo.

Sergey Krikalev's awards

Hero of the Russian Federation (April 11, 1992) - for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on the Mir orbital station (Gold Star medal No. 1).

Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree (April 5, 2002) - for courage and high professionalism displayed during a long space flight on the International Space Station.

Order of Honor (April 15, 1998) - for successful participation and achievement of high sports results in the First World Air Games.

Order of Friendship of Peoples (March 25, 1992) - for the successful implementation of a space flight on the Mir orbital station and for the courage and heroism shown at the same time.

Order of Lenin (1989).

Order of the Rising Sun, II degree (11/7/2019).

Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (April 12, 2011) - for great services in the field of exploration, exploration and use of outer space, long-term conscientious work, active social activities.

Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of St. Petersburg" (2005).

Honorary title "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" (1989).

Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor (France, 1989).

Three NASA Space Flight Medals (1996, 1998, 2001).

NASA Medal for Outstanding Public Service (2003).

Honorary Citizen of St. Petersburg (2007).

Honored Master of Sports of Russia.

Lifetime Honorary Member of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain.

Laureate of the national prize "Golden Eye of Russia".

Laureate of the national prize "Russian of the Year" (2011).

Recognition of merit

Bust on the Alley of Heroes of the Moscow Victory Park (St. Petersburg)

His cosmic destiny is worthy of a thrilling novel or adventure film. In total, during six starts, he "flew" 803 days

The whole world knows him - he is almost as popular as the first astronaut Yuri Gagarin. Not only that Sergey Krikalev- a real cosmic long-liver: on one of his missions to orbit, he had to spend a year in space instead of 5 months, and in total, during six launches, he “flew” 803 days. Krikalev is also a jack of all trades who amazed American astronauts with his skills.

Sergei Krikalev was included in the 9th expedition, launched from Earth to the Mir space station. The start took place on May 19, 1991. On board were the commander of the ship - Anatoly Artsebarsky, flight engineer Sergei Krikalev and astronaut from Great Britain Helen Sharman... A few days later, the British returned to Earth, she was taken by the members of the previous crew.

Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained at the Mir station. They were serious scientific work, set up experiments, and carried out several spacewalks. This was Krikalev's second flight.

In August, when it was time to return home, shocking news came from Earth. The Soviet Union was gone. The budgets of space programs, which were previously spared no money, have been severely cut. However, the program of international space cooperation had to be fulfilled - the refusal of Russia's obligations to other countries was not allowed.

In order to somehow save money, instead of two ships - with crews from Kazakhstan and Austria - one was sent into orbit, combining the crews. On returning, this ship did not have enough space for Krikalev. The astronaut had to stay and wait for the next ship to arrive. This happened only six months later. In total, Sergei Krikalev spent almost a year in space. The country failed to ensure his return in time. And when he finally returned in March 1992, he found himself in a different country - not the one he left a year ago ...

For this long flight, Sergei Krikalev, who by that time was already a Hero of the Soviet Union, received the honorary title of Hero of Russia and the Gold Star medal. He is one of the few who bears these two titles at the same time.

Russian "Kulibin"

Krikalev's career continued. In the fall of 1992, it was decided to include him in the US-Russian space expedition. He was the first Russian to fly with the Americans on the shuttle. The expedition started on February 3, 1994. The Discovery shuttle made 130 orbits around the Earth and landed in Florida on February 11, 1994.

An abnormal situation arose during the flight. The electronic life support system suddenly failed, and then the air duct failed. The Americans, strictly following the instructions received, reported the incident to Earth and waited for instructions.

Everyone was very nervous. Condensation began to accumulate in the air ducts, it slowly froze, something urgently needed to be done, but the Earth could not make a decision. Krikalev at first silently watched - after all, he was in the American crew on the sidelines. When the situation approached critical, the Americans asked him: "What would you do?" Our astronaut shrugged his shoulders and replied: "I would fix it."

And he fixed it. Without waiting for directions from Houston. The astronauts were against it - they wanted to wait for help from Earth. But Sergey Krikalev did it in his own way: he found the cause of the malfunction, restored and restarted the complex devices of the shuttle.

His decisive and professional actions caused the utmost surprise and admiration of the Americans: it would never have occurred to anyone that it was possible, without relying on help from the Flight Control Center, to fix the breakdown on their own.

Russian cosmonaut from "Armageddon"

The style of Sergei Krikalev's work, as well as his decisive character, made an indelible impression on the Americans - however, as on everyone else, when it became known. It is assumed that the prototype of the Russian cosmonaut Lev Andropov from the movie Michael Bay“Armageddon” to some extent became precisely Krikalev.

Of course, the image of Lev Andropov turned out to be grotesque and caricatured - a Russian cosmonaut, flying alone in a spaceship, wears a quilted jacket and earflaps, is constantly drunk and unshaven, gives the impression of being insane, since he beats instruments with iron, opens the fuel supply system with a crowbar, and then and blows up the station altogether. Ultimately, however, it is Andropov who saves the American astronauts - by hitting the shuttle's computer properly with an adjustable spanner and thus starting it up.

Today's work by Sergei Krikalev takes place on Earth. He is the first deputy general director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering for manned programs. On August 27, 2018 he will be 60 years old.