“Heart of a Dog” characterization of the heroes. Character history Bormental dog's heart name

Subject of the work

At one time, M. Bulgakov’s satirical story caused a lot of talk. In “Heart of a Dog” the heroes of the work are bright and memorable; the plot is fantasy mixed with reality and subtext in which harsh criticism is openly read Soviet power. Therefore, the work was very popular in the 60s among dissidents, and in the 90s, after its official publication, it was even recognized as prophetic.

The theme of the tragedy of the Russian people is clearly visible in this work; in “Heart of a Dog” the main characters enter into an irreconcilable conflict with each other and will never understand each other. And, although the proletarians won in this confrontation, Bulgakov in the novel reveals to us the whole essence of the revolutionaries and their type of new man in the person of Sharikov, leading us to the idea that they will not create or do anything good.

There are only three main characters in “Heart of a Dog,” and the narrative is mainly told from Bormenthal’s diary and through the dog’s monologue.

Characteristics of the main characters

Sharikov

A character who appeared as a result of an operation from the mongrel Sharik. A transplant of the pituitary gland and gonads of the drunkard and rowdy Klim Chugunkin turned a sweet and friendly dog ​​into Poligraf Poligrafych, a parasite and a hooligan.
Sharikov embodies all the negative traits of the new society: he spits on the floor, throws cigarette butts, does not know how to use the restroom and constantly swears. But this is not even the worst thing - Sharikov quickly learned to write denunciations and found a calling in killing his eternal enemies, cats. And while he deals only with cats, the author makes it clear that he will do the same with people who stand in his way.

Bulgakov saw this base power of the people and a threat to the entire society in the rudeness and narrow-mindedness with which the new revolutionary government resolves issues.

Professor Preobrazhensky

An experimenter who uses innovative developments in solving the problem of rejuvenation through organ transplantation. He is a famous world scientist, a respected surgeon, whose “speaking” surname gives him the right to experiment with nature.

I was used to living in grand style - servants, a house of seven rooms, luxurious dinners. His patients are former nobles and high revolutionary officials who patronize him.

Preobrazhensky is a respectable, successful and self-confident person. The professor, an opponent of any terror and Soviet power, calls them “idlers and idlers.” He considers affection the only way to communicate with living beings and denies the new government precisely for its radical methods and violence. His opinion: if people are accustomed to culture, then the devastation will disappear.

The rejuvenation operation yielded an unexpected result - the dog turned into a human. But the man turned out to be completely useless, uneducable and absorbing the worst. Philip Philipovich concludes that nature is not a field for experiments and he interfered with its laws in vain.

Dr. Bormental

Ivan Arnoldovich is completely and completely devoted to his teacher. At one time, Preobrazhensky took an active part in the fate of a half-starved student - he enrolled him in the department, and then took him on as an assistant.

The young doctor tried in every possible way to develop Sharikov culturally, and then completely moved in with the professor, as it became more and more difficult to cope with the new person.

The apotheosis was the denunciation that Sharikov wrote against the professor. At the climax, when Sharikov took out a revolver and was ready to use it, it was Bromenthal who showed firmness and toughness, while Preobrazhensky hesitated, not daring to kill his creation.

The positive characterization of the heroes of “Heart of a Dog” emphasizes how important honor and self-respect. Bulgakov described himself and his doctor-relatives in many of the same traits as both doctors, and in many ways would have acted the same way as them.

Shvonder

The newly elected chairman of the house committee, who hates the professor as a class enemy. This is a schematic hero, without deep reasoning.

Shvonder completely bows to the new revolutionary government and its laws, and in Sharikov he sees not a person, but a new useful unit of society - he can buy textbooks and magazines, participate in meetings.

Sh. can be called Sharikov’s ideological mentor; he tells him about his rights in Preobrazhensky’s apartment and teaches him how to write denunciations. The chairman of the house committee, due to his narrow-mindedness and lack of education, always hesitates and gives in in conversations with the professor, but this makes him hate him even more.

Other heroes

The list of characters in the story would not be complete without two au pairs - Zina and Daria Petrovna. They recognize the superiority of the professor, and, like Bormenthal, are completely devoted to him and agree to commit a crime for the sake of their beloved master. They proved this at the time of the repeated operation to transform Sharikov into a dog, when they were on the side of the doctors and accurately followed all their instructions.

You have become acquainted with the characteristics of the heroes of Bulgakov’s “Heart of a Dog,” a fantastic satire that anticipated the collapse of Soviet power immediately after its emergence - the author, back in 1925, showed the whole essence of those revolutionaries and what they were capable of.

Artwork test

“Heart of a Dog” is a story by Mikhail Bulgakov.

"Heart of a Dog" main characters

• Sharik is a stray dog ​​whom Professor Preobrazhensky picked up on a Moscow street.
• Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov is the man into whom the dog turns after the operation performed by Professor Preobrazhensky.
• Philip Philipovich Preobrazhensky is a brilliant surgeon, “a figure of world significance”, who lived in Moscow in the 1920s.
• Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental is a young doctor, assistant to Professor Preobrazhensky.
• Zinaida Prokofyevna Bunina is a young girl, a “social servant” of Professor Preobrazhensky.
• Daria Petrovna Ivanova is Professor Preobrazhensky's cook.
• Fyodor is the doorman of the house where Professor Preobrazhensky lives.
• Klim Grigorievich Chugunkin is a recidivist thief, alcoholic and hooligan who died in a fight, whose pituitary gland and seminal glands were used to transplant Sharik.
• Shvonder is the chairman of the house committee (house committee).
• Vyazemskaya is the head of the cultural department of the house.
• Pestrukhin and Zharovkin are Shvonder’s colleagues, members of the house committee.
• Pyotr Alexandrovich is a certain influential " co-worker", a patient and good friend of Professor Preobrazhensky.
• Vasnetsova is a typist in the cleaning department of the MKH.

Subject of the work

At one time, M. Bulgakov’s satirical story caused a lot of talk. In “Heart of a Dog” the heroes of the work are bright and memorable; The plot is fantasy mixed with reality and subtext, in which sharp criticism of the Soviet regime is openly read. Therefore, the work was very popular in the 60s among dissidents, and in the 90s, after its official publication, it was even recognized as prophetic.

The theme of the tragedy of the Russian people is clearly visible in this work; in “Heart of a Dog” the main characters enter into an irreconcilable conflict with each other and will never understand each other. And, although the proletarians won in this confrontation, Bulgakov in the novel reveals to us the whole essence of the revolutionaries and their type of new man in the person of Sharikov, leading us to the idea that they will not create or do anything good.

There are only three main characters in “Heart of a Dog,” and the narrative is mainly told from Bormenthal’s diary and through the dog’s monologue.

Characteristics of the main characters

Sharikov

A character who appeared as a result of an operation from the mongrel Sharik. A transplant of the pituitary gland and gonads of the drunkard and rowdy Klim Chugunkin turned a sweet and friendly dog ​​into Poligraf Poligrafych, a parasite and a hooligan.
Sharikov embodies all the negative traits of the new society: he spits on the floor, throws cigarette butts, does not know how to use the restroom and constantly swears. But this is not even the worst thing - Sharikov quickly learned to write denunciations and found a calling in killing his eternal enemies, cats. And while he deals only with cats, the author makes it clear that he will do the same with people who stand in his way.

Bulgakov saw this base power of the people and a threat to the entire society in the rudeness and narrow-mindedness with which the new revolutionary government resolves issues.

Professor Preobrazhensky

An experimenter who uses innovative developments in solving the problem of rejuvenation through organ transplantation. He is a famous world scientist, a respected surgeon, whose “speaking” surname gives him the right to experiment with nature.

I was used to living in grand style - servants, a house of seven rooms, luxurious dinners. His patients are former nobles and high revolutionary officials who patronize him.

Preobrazhensky is a respectable, successful and self-confident person. The professor, an opponent of any terror and Soviet power, calls them “idlers and idlers.” He considers affection the only way to communicate with living beings and denies the new government precisely for its radical methods and violence. His opinion: if people are accustomed to culture, then the devastation will disappear.

The rejuvenation operation yielded an unexpected result - the dog turned into a human. But the man turned out to be completely useless, uneducable and absorbing the worst. Philip Philipovich concludes that nature is not a field for experiments and he interfered with its laws in vain.

Dr. Bormental

Ivan Arnoldovich is completely and completely devoted to his teacher. At one time, Preobrazhensky took an active part in the fate of a half-starved student - he enrolled him in the department, and then took him on as an assistant.

The young doctor tried in every possible way to develop Sharikov culturally, and then completely moved in with the professor, as it became more and more difficult to cope with the new person.

The apotheosis was the denunciation that Sharikov wrote against the professor. At the climax, when Sharikov took out a revolver and was ready to use it, it was Bromenthal who showed firmness and toughness, while Preobrazhensky hesitated, not daring to kill his creation.

The positive characterization of the heroes of “Heart of a Dog” emphasizes how important honor and self-dignity are for the author. Bulgakov described himself and his doctor-relatives in many of the same traits as both doctors, and in many ways would have acted the same way as them.

Shvonder

The newly elected chairman of the house committee, who hates the professor as a class enemy. This is a schematic hero, without deep reasoning.

Shvonder completely bows to the new revolutionary government and its laws, and in Sharikov he sees not a person, but a new useful unit of society - he can buy textbooks and magazines, participate in meetings.

Sh. can be called Sharikov’s ideological mentor; he tells him about his rights in Preobrazhensky’s apartment and teaches him how to write denunciations. The chairman of the house committee, due to his narrow-mindedness and lack of education, always hesitates and gives in in conversations with the professor, but this makes him hate him even more.

Other heroes

The list of characters in the story would not be complete without two au pairs - Zina and Daria Petrovna. They recognize the superiority of the professor, and, like Bormenthal, are completely devoted to him and agree to commit a crime for the sake of their beloved master. They proved this at the time of the repeated operation to transform Sharikov into a dog, when they were on the side of the doctors and accurately followed all their instructions.

You have become acquainted with the characteristics of the heroes of Bulgakov’s “Heart of a Dog,” a fantastic satire that anticipated the collapse of Soviet power immediately after its emergence - the author, back in 1925, showed the whole essence of those revolutionaries and what they were capable of.

Artwork test

Professor Preobrazhensky- an outstanding experimental surgeon working on the problem of rejuvenation through gonadal transplantation, respectable, successful man elderly. He lived in post-revolutionary Moscow, at the address: Kalabukhovsky House, Prechistenka 24, in a large seven-room apartment. Has servants - Zina and Daria. Since the professor is a European luminary, his fees and clients are appropriate - former nobles and high-ranking officials. The professor is confident in himself, has clear life principles, does not like the proletariat and the Soviet government in general. He believes that they are idle and empty-headed. He is an opponent of terror and declares that weasels are the only way to communicate with living beings. A dangerous position for the time, but the professor has high-ranking patients who defend him. So Shvonder’s attempt to launch an attack on the surgeon’s rooms was completely interrupted by Pyotr Alekseevich. It should be noted that the professor loves to eat deliciously and exquisitely, and understands alcoholic beverages. He is a supporter of the division of labor. When he works, he doesn’t think about pleasure. When he is resting, he does not think about work. Experiments with rejuvenation led the professor to the idea of ​​conducting a bold experiment - transplanting the pituitary gland and seminal glands into a dog. The experiment was a success. True, the personality of the deceased used in the experiment left much to be desired. As a result, the dog turned into a man - the drunkard and rowdy Poligraf Poligrafovich Sharikov. After much torment, ordeal, loss of nerves and income, the professor decides to turn a man into a dog again through surgery. He realizes his mistake and understands that nature is a temple, not a field for experiments, and that he interfered with its laws in vain.

Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental -young doctor, assistant to Professor Preobrazhensky. The doctor is an honest, principled person, and when necessary he shows firmness and even toughness of character. Bormenthal was completely devoted to his teacher, Professor Preobrazhensky, whom he almost idolized. Being a poor student, he was accepted by him to the department. After finishing his studies, Bormenthal began working as an assistant for the professor.This was a great success for him. Working side by side with a world-class scientist, he learned a lot, and, in addition, Bormenthal made good money. The professor earned more in one day than a worker in a month, and part of the income went to his assistant. After the operation performed by the professor, they became even closer to Preobrazhensky. Very often Bormenthal found himself supporting and protecting the professor through Sharikov’s predictable actions.

Ball - male, approximately 2 years old stray dog ​​(mongrel breed),The coat is thin, bushy, the color is brownish, with tan marks, the tail is the color of baked milk. Born at the Preobrazhenskaya outpost in Moscow. He receives a nickname at the beginning of the story, and his appearance does not correspond to it in any way. The ball is very different a high degree awareness of human affairs and common sense. For several days he lives in the apartment of Professor Preobrazhensky, preparing for the experiment. In the future, Sharik’s body serves as the “base” for human organ transplants. During the operation: the character transforms into Sharikov. A few weeks later, after the “reverse” operation, Sharik appears in his original form - a dog. He is still lying in the professor's office, watching Preobrazhensky. The dog does not remember what happened to him.

Chugunkin - the character under this name does not participate in the action; Chugunkin’s gonads and pituitary gland are transplanted by Preobrazhensky to Sharik, as a result of which Chugunkin is actually “resurrected” in his original appearance - external and internal. Chugunkin is a type that combines the characteristics of a criminal (three convictions for theft) and an artist (profession - playing the balalaika in taverns). The cause of Chugunkin’s death was “stabbed in the heart in a pub near the Preobrazhenskaya outpost”

Sharikov - an “experimental” creature that arose as a result of the “grafting” of Chugunkin’s organs into the living organism of Sharik. Sharikov continues the gallery of images of “artificial” people, androids, arising as a result of “human-divine” efforts (Homunculus in
“Faust” by Goethe, the Demon in M. Shelley’s novel “Frankenstein”, etc.); parallels are noted with the image of Smerdyakov (“The Brothers Karamazov” by Dostoevsky Sharikov goes through stages of “socialization” (clothing, everyday habits, introduction to the benefits of civilization, finally receiving documents, entering the service and trying to start a family), which are comically combined with relapses of the “animal” beginnings: hatred of cats, unbridled sexual instinct, etc. Sharikov declares the ideas of “barracks” socialism (“take everything and divide”). The coming chaos is anticipated by the “flood” that Sharikov arranges in the professor’s apartment. Character name - Poligraf Poligrafovich - chosen by him in the calendar; the day of his “name day” - March 4 - appears as the limit of Sharikov’s existence. The character’s conflict with his “creator” is steadily escalating; in the end Sharikov threatens Preobrazhensky and Bormental with a revolver. After a short fight and a violent “reverse” During the operation, Sharikov, actually repeating the fate of Chugunkin (death “by a knife”), disappears: the dog Sharik returns to life.

Shvonder - Chairman of the house committee organized in the house where Preobrazhensky lives. Shvonder is a man of little intelligence, a slanderer, an informer and an instigator. At the beginning of the story, he, at the head of the entire House Committee Charter, appears to the professor, who occupies an apartment of seven rooms, in order to “compact” him; however, Preobrazhensky has high patrons, and Shvonder’s action fails. With the appearance of Sharikov, Shvonder first writes a letter of denunciation to the newspaper, claiming that he is the illegitimate son of Preobrazhensky, and then becomes Sharikov’s “ideological mentor,” instilling in him that he is a full member of society and must insist on his rights. Sharikov follows the advice, and this leads him to conflicts not only with Preobrazhensky, but also with Shvonder himself. Then Shvonder inspires Sharikov to write a denunciation against the professor. In the finale, he declares to the police that Preobrazhensky and Bormental allegedly killed Sharikov.

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The work of M. A. Bulgakov is the largest phenomenon of Russian fiction XX century. Its main theme can be considered the theme of “the tragedy of the Russian people.” The writer was a contemporary of all those tragic events that took place in Russia in the first half of our century. And M. A. Bulgakov’s most frank views on the fate of his country are expressed, in my opinion, in the story “The Heart of a Dog.” The story is based on a great experiment. Main character In the story, Professor Preobrazhensky, who represents the type of people closest to Bulgakov, the type of Russian intellectual, conceives a kind of competition with Nature itself. His experiment is fantastic: creating a new person by transplanting part of a human brain into a dog. Moreover, the story takes place on Christmas Eve, and the professor bears the name Preobrazhensky. And the experiment becomes a parody of Christmas, an anti-creation. But, alas, the scientist realizes the immorality of violence against the natural course of life too late. To create a new person, the scientist takes the pituitary gland of the “proletarian” - the alcoholic and parasite Klim Chugunkin. And now, as a result of a most complex operation, an ugly, primitive creature appears, completely inheriting the “proletarian” essence of its “ancestor”. The first words he uttered were swearing, the first distinct word was “bourgeois.” And then - street expressions: “don’t push!”, “scoundrel”, “get off the bandwagon” and so on. A disgusting “man of small stature and unsympathetic appearance appears. A monstrous homunculus, a man with a canine disposition, the “basis” of which was a lumpen proletarian, feels himself the master of life; he is arrogant, swaggering, aggressive. The conflict between Professor Preobrazhensky, Bormenthal and the humanoid creature is absolutely inevitable. The life of the professor and the inhabitants of his apartment becomes a living hell. Despite the dissatisfaction of the owner of the house, Sharikov lives in his own way, primitively and stupidly: during the day he mostly sleeps in the kitchen, messes around, does all sorts of outrages, confident that “nowadays everyone has his own right” . Of course, it is not this scientific experiment in itself that Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov seeks to depict in his story. The story is based primarily on allegory. It's about not only about the scientist’s responsibility for his experiment, about the inability to see the consequences of his actions, about the huge difference between evolutionary changes and revolutionary invasion of life. The story “Heart of a Dog” contains the author’s extremely clear view of everything that is happening in the country. Everything that happened around was also perceived by M. A. Bulgakov as an experiment - huge in scale and more than dangerous. He saw that in Russia they were also trying to create a new type of person. A person who is proud of his ignorance, low origin, but who received enormous rights from the state. It is precisely such a person who is convenient for the new government, because he will put into the dirt those who are independent, intelligent, and high in spirit. M.A. Bulgakov considers the reorganization of Russian life to be an intervention in the natural course of things, the consequences of which could be disastrous. But do those who conceived their experiment realize that it can also hit the “experimenters”? Do they understand that the revolution that took place in Russia was not the result of the natural development of society, and therefore can lead to consequences that no one can control? ? These are the questions, in my opinion, that M. A. Bulgakov poses in his work. In the story, Professor Preobrazhensky manages to return everything to its place: Sharikov again becomes an ordinary dog. Will we ever be able to correct all those mistakes, the results of which we are still experiencing?