Crime and punishment characteristics of the heroes are briefly the main ones. "Crime and Punishment": the main character. "Crime and Punishment": the characters of the novel

1. Minor characters
2. Sofia Marmeladova
3. Semyon Marmeladov
4. Avdotya Raskolnikova
5. Dmitry Vrazumikhin
6. Pyotr Luzhin
7. Arkady Svidrigailov
8. Pulcheria Raskolnikova

In the novel by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" the main characters are complex and contradictory characters. Their fate is closely connected with the conditions of life, the environment in which life takes place, and individual characteristics. It is possible to characterize the heroes of Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" only on the basis of their actions, since we do not hear the voice of the author in the work.

Rodion Raskolnikov - the main character of the novel

Rodion Raskolnikov- the central character of the work. The young man has an attractive appearance. “By the way, he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark-haired, taller than average, thin and slender.” An outstanding mind, a proud character, sick pride and a beggarly existence are the reasons for the criminal behavior of the hero. Rodion highly appreciates his abilities, considers himself an exceptional person, dreams of a great future, but his financial situation depresses him. He has nothing to pay for his studies at the university, he does not have enough money to pay off his landlady.
The young man's clothes attract the attention of passers-by with their shabby and old look. Trying to cope with the circumstances, Rodion Raskolnikov goes to kill the old pawnbroker. Thus, he tries to prove to himself that he belongs to the highest category of people and can step over blood. “Am I a trembling creature, or do I have a right,” he thinks. But one crime leads to another. An innocent poor woman dies. The hero theory of the right of a strong personality leads to a dead end. Only Sonya's love awakens in him faith in God, revives him to life. Raskolnikov's personality consists of opposite qualities. An indifferent cruel killer gives his last pennies for the funeral of an unfamiliar person, intervenes in the fate of a young girl, trying to save her from dishonor.

Minor characters

The images of the characters who play the main role in the narrative become fuller and brighter as a result of the description of their relationships with other people. Family members, friends, acquaintances, episodic persons that appear in the plot help to better understand the idea of ​​the work, to understand the motives of actions.

To make the appearance of the characters in the novel clearer to the reader, the writer uses various techniques. We get acquainted with a detailed description of the characters, delve into the details of the dreary interior of the apartments, consider the dull gray streets of St. Petersburg.

Sofia Marmeladova

Sofia Semyonovna Marmeladova- a young unfortunate creature. "Sonya was short, about eighteen years old, thin, but rather pretty blonde, with wonderful blue eyes." She is young, naive and very kind. Drunk father, sick stepmother, hungry stepsisters and brother - this is the environment in which the heroine lives. She is a shy and timid person, unable to stand up for herself. But this fragile creature is ready to sacrifice itself for the sake of loved ones.
She sells the body, engaging in prostitution to help the family, goes after the convicted Raskolnikov. Sonya is a kind, selfless and deeply religious person. This gives her strength to cope with all the trials and find well-deserved happiness.

Semyon Marmeladov

Marmeladov Semyon Zakharovich- no less significant character of the work. He is a former official, father of a family with many children. A weak and weak-willed person solves all his problems with the help of alcohol. A man dismissed from service dooms his wife and children to starvation. They live in a walk-through room in which there is almost no furnishings. Kids do not go to school, do not have a change of clothes. Marmeladov is able to drink away the last money, take the pennies earned from his eldest daughter in order to get drunk and get away from problems. Despite this, the image of the hero evokes pity and compassion, since the circumstances turned out to be stronger than him. He himself suffers from his vice, but cannot cope with it.

Avdotya Raskolnikova

Avdotya Romanovna Raskolnikova is the sister of the protagonist. A girl from a poor, but honest and decent family. Dunya is smart, well-educated, well-mannered. She is "remarkably pretty", which, unfortunately, attracts the attention of men. Character traits "she looked like a brother." Avdotya Raskolnikova, a proud and independent nature, resolute and purposeful, was ready to marry an unloved person for the sake of her brother's well-being. Self-esteem and hard work will help her to arrange her fate and avoid irreparable mistakes.

Dmitry Vrazumikhin

Dmitry Prokofievich Vrazumikhin- the only friend of Rodion Raskolnikov The poor student, unlike his friend, does not drop out of school. He earns a living by all available means and never ceases to hope for good luck. Poverty does not prevent him from making plans. Razumikhin is a noble man. He disinterestedly tries to help a friend, takes care of his family. Love for Avdotya Romanovna Raskolnikova inspires a young man, makes him stronger and more determined.

Pyotr Luzhin

Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin- a respectable, respectable middle-aged man of pleasant appearance. He is a successful businessman, the happy fiance of Dunya Raskolnikova, a rich and self-confident gentleman. In fact, under the mask of integrity hides a low and vile nature. Taking advantage of the girl's plight, he proposes to her. In his actions, Pyotr Petrovich is guided not by disinterested motives, but by his own benefit. He dreams of a wife who would be slavishly submissive and grateful until the end of her days. For the sake of his own interests, he pretends to be in love, tries to slander Raskolnikov, accuse Sonya Marmeladova of stealing.

Arkady Svidrigailov

Svidrigailov Arkady Ivanovich- one of the most mysterious faces in the novel. The owner of the house where Avdotya Romanovna Raskolnikova worked. He is cunning and dangerous to others. Svidrigailov is a vicious person. Being married, he tries to seduce Dunya. He is accused of killing his wife, seducing young children. The terrible nature of Svidrigailov is capable, oddly enough, of noble deeds. He helps Sonya Marmeladova justify herself, arranges the fate of orphaned children. Rodion Raskolnikov, having committed a crime, becomes like this hero, as he transgresses the moral law. It is no coincidence that in a conversation with Rodion, he says: "We are one field of berries."

Pulcheria Raskolnikova

Raskolnikova Pulcheria Alexandrovna- mother of Rodion and Dunya. The woman is poor, but honest. The person is kind and sympathetic. A loving mother, ready for any sacrifice and deprivation for the sake of her children.

F. M. Dostoevsky pays very little attention to some of his heroes. But they are necessary in the course of the story. Thus, the investigation process cannot be imagined without the smart, cunning, but noble investigator Porfiry Petrovich. The young doctor Zosimov treats and understands the psychological state of Rodion during his illness. An important witness to the weakness of the protagonist in the police station is the assistant to the quarter warden Ilya Petrovich. Luzhin's friend Andrei Semenovich Lebezyatnikov returns the good name to Sonya and exposes the false groom. The seemingly insignificant events associated with the names of these heroes play an important role in the development of the plot.

The meaning of episodic persons in the work

On the pages of the great work of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, we also meet other characters. The list of heroes of the novel is supplemented by episodic characters. Katerina Ivanovna, Marmeladov's wife, unfortunate orphans, a girl on the boulevard, Alena Ivanovna, the greedy old pawnbroker, ill Lizovet. Their appearance is not accidental. Each, even the most insignificant image, carries its own semantic load and serves to embody the author's intention. Important and necessary are all the heroes of the novel "Crime and Punishment", the list of which can be continued further.

The main characters of "Crime and Punishment" - list and characteristics |

In the novel "Crime and Punishment" by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, the main characters are complex and contradictory characters. Their fate is closely connected with the conditions of life, the environment in which life takes place, and individual characteristics. It is possible to characterize the heroes of Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" only on the basis of their actions, since we do not hear the voice of the author in the work.

Rodion Raskolnikov - the main character of the novel

Rodion Raskolnikov- the central character of the work. The young man has an attractive appearance. “By the way, he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark-haired, taller than average, thin and slender.” An outstanding mind, a proud character, sick pride and a beggarly existence are the reasons for the criminal behavior of the hero. Rodion highly appreciates his abilities, considers himself an exceptional person, dreams of a great future, but his financial situation depresses him. He has nothing to pay for his studies at the university, he does not have enough money to pay off his landlady. The young man's clothes attract the attention of passers-by with their shabby and old look. Trying to cope with the circumstances, Rodion Raskolnikov goes to kill the old pawnbroker. Thus, he tries to prove to himself that he belongs to the highest category of people and can step over blood. “Am I a trembling creature, or do I have a right,” he thinks. But one crime leads to another. An innocent poor woman dies. The hero theory of the right of a strong personality leads to a dead end. Only Sonya's love awakens in him faith in God, revives him to life. Raskolnikov's personality consists of opposite qualities. An indifferent cruel killer gives his last pennies for the funeral of an unfamiliar person, intervenes in the fate of a young girl, trying to save her from dishonor.

Minor characters

The images of the characters who play the main role in the narrative become fuller and brighter as a result of the description of their relationships with other people. Family members, friends, acquaintances, episodic persons that appear in the plot help to better understand the idea of ​​the work, to understand the motives of actions.

To make the appearance of the characters in the novel clearer to the reader, the writer uses various techniques. We get acquainted with a detailed description of the characters, delve into the details of the dreary interior of the apartments, consider the dull gray streets of St. Petersburg.

Sofia Marmeladova

Sofia Semyonovna Marmeladova- a young unfortunate creature. "Sonya was short, about eighteen years old, thin, but rather pretty blonde, with wonderful blue eyes." She is young, naive and very kind. Drunk father, sick stepmother, hungry stepsisters and brother - this is the environment in which the heroine lives. She is a shy and timid person, unable to stand up for herself. But this fragile creature is ready to sacrifice itself for the sake of loved ones. She sells the body, engaging in prostitution to help the family, goes after the convicted Raskolnikov. Sonya is a kind, selfless and deeply religious person. This gives her strength to cope with all the trials and find well-deserved happiness.

Semyon Marmeladov

Marmeladov Semyon Zakharovich- no less significant character of the work. He is a former official, father of a family with many children. A weak and weak-willed person solves all his problems with the help of alcohol. A man dismissed from service dooms his wife and children to starvation. They live in a walk-through room in which there is almost no furnishings. Kids do not go to school, do not have a change of clothes. Marmeladov is able to drink away the last money, take the pennies earned from his eldest daughter in order to get drunk and get away from problems. Despite this, the image of the hero evokes pity and compassion, since the circumstances turned out to be stronger than him. He himself suffers from his vice, but cannot cope with it.

Avdotya Raskolnikova

Avdotya Romanovna Raskolnikova is the sister of the protagonist. A girl from a poor, but honest and decent family. Dunya is smart, well-educated, well-mannered. She is "remarkably pretty", which, unfortunately, attracts the attention of men. Character traits "she looked like a brother." Avdotya Raskolnikova, a proud and independent nature, resolute and purposeful, was ready to marry an unloved person for the sake of her brother's well-being. Self-esteem and hard work will help her to arrange her fate and avoid irreparable mistakes.

Dmitry Vrazumikhin

Dmitry Prokofievich Vrazumikhin- the only friend of Rodion Raskolnikov The poor student, unlike his friend, does not drop out of school. He earns a living by all available means and never ceases to hope for good luck. Poverty does not prevent him from making plans. Razumikhin is a noble man. He disinterestedly tries to help a friend, takes care of his family. Love for Avdotya Romanovna Raskolnikova inspires a young man, makes him stronger and more determined.

Pyotr Luzhin

Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin- a respectable, respectable middle-aged man of pleasant appearance. He is a successful businessman, the happy fiance of Dunya Raskolnikova, a rich and self-confident gentleman. In fact, under the mask of integrity hides a low and vile nature. Taking advantage of the girl's plight, he proposes to her. In his actions, Pyotr Petrovich is guided not by disinterested motives, but by his own benefit. He dreams of a wife who would be slavishly submissive and grateful until the end of her days. For the sake of his own interests, he pretends to be in love, tries to slander Raskolnikov, accuse Sonya Marmeladova of stealing.

Arkady Svidrigailov

Svidrigailov Arkady Ivanovich- one of the most mysterious faces in the novel. The owner of the house where Avdotya Romanovna Raskolnikova worked. He is cunning and dangerous to others. Svidrigailov is a vicious person. Being married, he tries to seduce Dunya. He is accused of killing his wife, seducing young children. The terrible nature of Svidrigailov is capable, oddly enough, of noble deeds. He helps Sonya Marmeladova justify herself, arranges the fate of orphaned children. Rodion Raskolnikov, having committed a crime, becomes like this hero, as he transgresses the moral law. It is no coincidence that in a conversation with Rodion, he says: "We are one field of berries."

Pulcheria Raskolnikova

Raskolnikova Pulcheria Alexandrovna- mother of Rodion and Dunya. The woman is poor, but honest. The person is kind and sympathetic. A loving mother, ready for any sacrifice and deprivation for the sake of her children.

F. M. Dostoevsky pays very little attention to some of his heroes. But they are necessary in the course of the story. Thus, the investigation process cannot be imagined without the smart, cunning, but noble investigator Porfiry Petrovich. The young doctor Zosimov treats and understands the psychological state of Rodion during his illness. An important witness to the weakness of the protagonist in the police station is the assistant to the quarter warden Ilya Petrovich. Luzhin's friend Andrei Semenovich Lebezyatnikov returns the good name to Sonya and exposes the false groom. The seemingly insignificant events associated with the names of these heroes play an important role in the development of the plot.

The meaning of episodic persons in the work

On the pages of the great work of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, we also meet other characters. The list of heroes of the novel is supplemented by episodic characters. Katerina Ivanovna, Marmeladov's wife, unfortunate orphans, a girl on the boulevard, Alena Ivanovna, the greedy old pawnbroker, ill Lizovet. Their appearance is not accidental. Each, even the most insignificant image, carries its own semantic load and serves to embody the author's intention. Important and necessary are all the heroes of the novel "Crime and Punishment", the list of which can be continued further.

Artwork test

The image of Svidrigailov. In draft notes Crimes and punishments"This hero is called A-ov, by the name of one of the convicts of the Omsk jail Aristov, who in" Notes from the house of the dead" is characterized as the limit of "moral decline ... decisive debauchery and ... impudent baseness." “This was an example of what one bodily side of a person could reach, not internally restrained by any norm, by any legality ... It was a monster, moral Quasimodo. Add to the fact that he was cunning and smart, handsome, even somewhat educated, had abilities. No, better fire, better pestilence and famine, than such a person in society!” Svidrigailov was supposed to be the embodiment of such complete moral deformity. However, this image itself and the author’s attitude towards it turned out to be incomparably more complex: along with cheating, dirty debauchery and cruelty, which brought his victim to suicide, he turns out to be unexpectedly capable of good deeds, of philanthropy and generosity. Svidrigailov is a man of great inner strength who has lost the sense of boundaries between good and evil.

Crime and Punishment. 1969 feature film 1 episode

The image of Lebezyatnikov in "Crime and Punishment"

All other images of the novel were not subjected to much processing. The businessman and careerist Luzhin, who considers any means acceptable to achieve his selfish goals, the vulgar Lebezyatnikov, who, according to Dostoevsky, “stick to the most fashionable walking idea in order to trivialize, caricature everything that they most sincerely serve,” were conceived the same as we see them in the final version of the novel. Incidentally, in emphasizing the typicality of Lebezyatnikov's image, Dostoevsky even coined the term "fawning". According to some reports, some personal traits of the famous Russian critic were reflected in the character of Lebezyatnikov. V. Belinsky, who at first welcomed the writings of the young Dostoevsky, and then criticized them with clumsy primitive " materialistic» positions.

The image of Razumikhin in "Crime and Punishment"

The image of Razumikhin in the process of working on Crime and Punishment also remained unchanged in its ideological content, although according to the initial outlines, he should have taken a much larger place in the novel. Dostoevsky saw him as a positive hero. Razumikhin expresses soil views inherent in Dostoevsky himself. He opposes revolutionary Western trends, defends the meaning of "soil", the Slavophile understood folk foundations - patriarchy, religious and moral foundations, patience. Razumikhin’s reasoning with Porfiry Petrovich, his objections to the supporters of the “environment theory”, who explained human actions by social conditions of life, objections Fourierists and materialists, who allegedly seek to level human nature, to eliminate free will, Razumikhin's assertions that socialism- a Western idea, alien to Russia - all this directly echoes Dostoevsky's journalistic and polemical articles.

Razumikhin is a spokesman for the author's positions on a number of issues and is therefore especially dear to him.

Crime and Punishment. Feature film 1969 episode 2

The image of Sonya Marmeladova in "Crime and Punishment"

The image of Sonya Marmeladova was not immediately determined. In the earliest records, only the "daughter of an official" is mentioned, "she". Dostoevsky, obviously, at first intended to emphasize the professional features of this heroine more: “Meets once her trade. Scandal in the street She stole” (Second Notebook, p. 15). At the end of the same notebook are reflections on the nature of this image: “NB. Daughter of an official in passing, a little bit more original to bring out. A simple and downtrodden creature. Better yet, dirty and drunk with fish” (p. 149). “Drunk with a fish” is, obviously, the image of a drunken, beaten prostitute, thrown out into the street and pounding salted fish on the stairs, an image that is drawn by the hero “ Notes from underground».

But already in the next notebook, Sonya Marmeladova appears to the reader the same as in the final text of the novel, the embodiment of the Christian idea: “NB. She considers herself constantly a deep sinner, a fallen debauchee who cannot beg for salvation ”(First Zap. Book, p. 105). The image of Sonya is the apotheosis of suffering, an example of the highest asceticism, complete oblivion of one's own personality. Life for Sonya is unthinkable without faith in God and the immortality of the soul: “What was I without God,” she says. Marmeladov also expressed this idea very vividly in the rough sketches for the novel. In response to Raskolnikov’s remark that there may be no God, Marmeladov says: “That is, there is no God, and there will be no coming of him ... then ... then it’s impossible to live ... Too bestial ... then into the Neva and I would immediately rush. But, gracious sir, it will be, it is promised, for the living, well, then what will be left for us... actually living then he suffers, and therefore he needs Christ, and therefore there will be Christ. Lord, what did you say? The only ones who do not believe in Christ are those who have no need for him, who live little and whose soul is like an inorganic stone” (Second Notebook, p. 13). These words of Marmeladov did not find a place in the final edition, obviously because after combining the two ideas - the novel "The Drunk" and the story about Raskolnikov - the image of Marmeladov faded into the background.

At the same time, the hard life of the lower classes of the city, depicted by Dostoevsky with such brightness and relief, cannot but arouse protest, which manifests itself in one form or another. So, Katerina Ivanovna, dying, refuses to confess: “I have no sins on me! .. God must forgive even without that ... He knows how I suffered! .. But if he doesn’t forgive, it’s not necessary! ..”

During the publication of "Crime and Punishment" in the "Russian Bulletin" between the writer and the editors of this journal, there were differences. The editors demanded the removal of the chapter of the novel in which Sonya reads the gospel to Raskolnikov (chapter 4 of part 4 according to a separate edition), with which Dostoevsky did not agree.

In July 1866, Dostoevsky informed A.P. Milyukov about his disagreements with the editors of the Russkiy Vestnik: “I explained to them both [Lubimov and Katkov] - they stand their ground! I can't say anything about this chapter myself; I wrote it in real inspiration, but it may be bad; but their point is not in literary merit, but in fear for moral. In this I was right - there was nothing against morality and even overly opposite, but they see something else, and in addition they see traces nihilism. Lyubimov announced resolutely, what needs to be changed. I took it, and this alteration of a large chapter cost me at least three new chapters of work, judging by the work and longing, but I sent it over and passed it.

Sending the revised chapter to the editor, Dostoevsky wrote to N. A. Lyubimov: “Evil and Kind highly divided, and it will no longer be possible to mix them up and misuse them. Even the other amendments indicated by you, I did everything, and, it seems, with interest ... Everything that you said, I fulfilled, everything is divided, demarcated and clear. gospel reading given a different color.

Analysis of the images of the main characters in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

The world of the main characters of the novel "Crime and Punishment" by F. M. Dostoevsky is the world of little people lost in a big city who are trying to find their place in the sun and warm themselves with love. Unusual and such vital, ambiguous and sometimes incomprehensible acts, the main characters of the novel reveal the essence of the work: the meaning of human life is in love and forgiveness.

Rodion Raskolnikov

even physically he cannot cope with the test: for several days after the murder he lies delirious;

upon the fact of the murder, the investigator begins to call him and interrogate him: suspicions torment the student, he loses peace, sleep, appetite;

but the most important ordeal is the conscience, which demands retribution for the bloody crime committed by Raskolnikov.

Sonechka Marmeladova

Various female images are found in Russian literature, but Sonya Marmeladova is the most tragic and at the same time the most sublime heroine:

instead of the contempt that a prostitute should inspire, Sonya is pretty and delightful in her self-sacrifice: after all, she goes to earn with her body for the sake of her family;

instead of a vulgar and rude street selling woman, the reader sees a modest, meek, quiet girl who is ashamed of her own occupation, but cannot change anything;

At first, Raskolnikov hates her, because he feels that he is irresistibly attracted to her: he is attracted so strongly that he is forced to tell her first about his atrocity, but then he realizes that it is Sonechka who is the salvation that the Lord sent him as a consolation.

Arkady Svidrigailov

Svidrigailov is the ideological counterpart of Raskolnikov, on the example of which Dostoevsky shows what Rodion's theory did to a person when everything is allowed to him:

blackmailer.

And at the same time, he is lonely and cannot bear the weight of his own sins: he commits suicide. This is what Sonechka saves her Rodion from.

Life and work of Dostoevsky. Analysis of works. Characteristics of heroes

List of heroes of the novel "Crime and Punishment": a brief description of the characters (table)

The novel "Crime and Punishment" by Dostoevsky gave world literature a lot of vivid images.

Among the most famous heroes of "Crime and Punishment" is the poor student Raskolnikov, the girl of the "obscene profession" Sonya Marmeladova, the drunken official Marmeladov, the scoundrel Luzhin, and others.

Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov is a former law student. A handsome, intelligent, educated, proud, but poor young man of 23 years old. He came to St. Petersburg to study 3 years ago from the provinces. A few months ago, he dropped out of school due to poverty. Raskolnikov commits the murder of an old pawnbroker in order to test his theory about ordinary and great people.

Alena Ivanovna, 60-year-old old money-lender, widow of a collegiate secretary. An evil, greedy, heartless woman. At home, she keeps something like a "pawnshop". People pawn their things with her in exchange for money. The old woman pays little and takes high interest, taking advantage of the needs of her clients. Raskolnikov is also a client of the old woman.

Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov, 50-year-old former official, drunkard. Kind, noble man. He started drinking a few years ago when he first lost his job. Because of his drunkenness, the Marmeladov family fell into poverty.

Sofya Semyonovna Marmeladova, or Sonya, daughter of an official Marmeladov. The girl is about 18 years old. A meek, timid, selfless girl. Due to poverty, she is forced to do "obscene work" in order to feed the children of her stepmother Katerina Ivanovna. Sonya becomes a friend of Raskolnikov and his lover.

Pulcheria Alexandrovna Raskolnikova, Raskolnikov's mother, is a beautiful, intelligent and kind woman of 43 years old. Lives in poverty with his daughter Dunya. He helps his son Rodion Raskolnikov with all his might. She was left a widow many years ago, madly in love with her son and daughter. After 3 years of separation from his son, he comes to St. Petersburg to marry his daughter Dunya to Luzhin and get rid of poverty.

Katerina Ivanovna Marmeladova is the wife of the official Marmeladov and stepmother of Sonya Marmeladova. A woman of about 30 years old, smart, educated, from a good family. Apparently, a noblewoman by birth. She has three children from her first marriage. She married Marmeladov about 4 years ago, not for love, but because of poverty. She suffers heavily from her husband's drunkenness and eternal poverty. Lately she has been ill with consumption.

Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin is a man about 45 years old. Wears the rank of court adviser. Luzhin is a business man with money. He is going to open his law office in St. Petersburg. Luzhin wants to marry poor Duna Raskolnikova in order to feel like her master and savior. Luzhin is a greedy, prudent, vile and petty person. In the end, the wedding of Luzhin and Dunya is cancelled.

Dmitry Prokofievich Razumikhin (real name Vrazumikhin) is a young man, a student, a friend of Raskolnikov, a kind, open and noble person, a businesslike, hardworking man. Razumikhin falls in love with Dunya Raskolnikov and becomes her husband.

Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov is a landowner corrupted by money and idleness at the age of about 50. Former sharpie. A widower, he was married to the landowner Marfa Petrovna. Svidrigailov is in love with Dunya, but she does not reciprocate. Svidrigailov is a madcap, a tyrant, whose intentions are not always noble and pure. In the last days of his life, he commits "atypical", noble deeds, and then commits suicide.

Marfa Petrovna Svidrigailova — and wife of Mr. Svidrigailov. She is 5 years older than her husband. Dies at the age of about 55 under strange circumstances. In her death, many suspect her husband, Svidrigailov. Marfa Petrovna is an emotional, eccentric woman. In her will, she leaves Dunya 3,000 rubles as an inheritance. This money saves poor Dunya from poverty.

Andrei Semenovich Lebezyatnikov is a young man, an official, a friend of Luzhin. Luzhin is his former guardian. Lebezyatnikov serves in the ministry. He allegedly adheres to "progressive views", promotes communism, gender equality, etc., but does so inconsistently and absurdly.

Lizaveta, or Lizaveta Ivanovna — half-sister of the old pawnbroker on her father's side (they had different mothers). Lizaveta was 35 years old, she lived with her sister. She was clumsy, ugly and, apparently, mentally retarded, but kind, meek, unrequited. She was loved by those around her. Her old sister beat her and used her as a servant. Lizaveta was constantly pregnant - probably because of her dementia, she was "easy prey" for men.

Zosimov is a friend of Razumikhin, a young doctor who is engaged in the "treatment" of Raskolnikov. Zosimov is a stout tall young man of 27, slow, important and languid. He is a surgeon by profession, but at the same time he is interested in "mental illness". People around him consider him a difficult person, but they recognize him as a good doctor.

Alexander Grigoryevich Zametov - Razumikhin's friend, clerk (secretary) in the local office. He is 22 years old. He dresses in fashion, wears rings. According to Zosimov, Zametov takes bribes at work. Zametov and Raskolnikov meet in the office, where the latter comes at the request of the owner of the apartment. Between Raskolnikov and Zametov there is a serious conversation with Zametov about the murder of an old woman in a tavern.

Raskolnikov meets Nikodim Fomich when he comes to the office at the request of the landlady.

Porfiry Petrovich - investigator in the case of the murder of an old pawnbroker and her sister. Porfiry Petrovich is 35 years old. This is a smart, somewhat cunning, but at the same time a noble person. He has his own, "psychological" approach to investigating cases. You can call him a talented investigator. Porfiry puts pressure on Raskolnikov psychologically, having no official evidence against him. On the advice of Porfiry, Raskolnikov turns himself in.

Despite his explosive nature, Ilya Petrovich is a man of principles and considers himself first of all a citizen, and only then an official. Arriving at the office with a confession, Raskolnikov finds Ilya Petrovich there, to whom he confesses to the murder.

9 comments:

Thank you very much, it helped a lot! 🙂

Thank you. 111. 111!11111!!1

girl of the "obscene profession" (at the very beginning of the article) - you have a typo here

Thank you! Everything is clearly written. And then you read it and mess in your head.

When describing Mikolka, the site says "(He is Nikolai").
In chapter 4 of the text of the work, he is called Mikolaj

“And Mitrei said that Mikolaj went on a spree, came home at dawn, drunk, stayed at home for about ten minutes and left again, and Mitrei did not see him later and finished the work alone. And they work on the same stairs with the dead, on the second floor. Hearing all this, we then revealed nothing to anyone. "

Dear friend, these are variants of the name of the same hero: Nikolai. He is called Nikolay, Mikola, Mikolka and Nikolashka in the text. These are all variants of the same name.

www.alldostoevsky.ru

Heroes crime and punishment table

The novel "Crime and Punishment" is a work in which many bright, memorable characters are involved.

The heroes of the novel are a variety of people from different strata of society: nobles, bourgeois, peasants, etc.

This article provides a list of all the heroes of the novel "Crime and Punishment": the main and secondary characters of the work.

See:
All materials on "Crime and Punishment"
Brief description of the heroes of "Crime and Punishment" in the table

All the heroes of the novel "Crime and Punishment": a list of characters

• Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov - the main character of the novel, a poor student
• Dunya Raskolnikova - Raskolnikov's sister, a poor but educated girl
• Pulcheria Alexandrovna Raskolnikova - Raskolnikov's mother, a kind, honest, but poor widow
• Sonya Marmeladova - the main character of the novel, a close friend of Rodion Raskolnikov, a poor girl who makes a living by "obscene craft"
• Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov - the father of Sonya Marmeladova, a retired drunk official
• Katerina Ivanovna Marmeladova - stepmother of Sonya Marmeladova, a young woman from a good family
• Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov - a wealthy landowner in love with Dunya Raskolnikov, a depraved man
• Marfa Petrovna Svidrigailova - Svidrigailov's wife, a kind but eccentric woman
• The old pawnbroker Alena Ivanovna is an old woman who becomes a victim of Raskolnikov
• Lizaveta (Lizaveta Ivanovna) - the younger sister of the old pawnbroker, a weak-minded young woman who also becomes a victim of Raskolnikov
• Luzhin Petr Petrovich - the fiance of Dunya Raskolnikova, a mean and cunning man
• Lebezyatnikov Andrei Semenovich - a friend and ward of Luzhin, a stupid man of new, "progressive" views
• Razumikhin Dmitry Prokofievich (Vrazumikhin) - a friend of Raskolnikov, a kind, open and active young man
• Porfiry Petrovich - investigator investigating the murder of an old woman and her sister
• Zametov - clerk in the local office
• Nikodim Fomich - quarter warden
• Ilya Petrovich - assistant quarter warden
• Zosimov - a novice doctor, a friend of Razumikhin, Raskolnikov's attending physician
• Mikolka (Nikolai) - a dyer who takes the blame for the murder of an old woman
• Amalia Ivanovna Lippevehzel - the owner of the apartment where the Marmeladov family rents a room
• Nastasya is a maid in the house where Raskolnikov rents
• Daria Frantsevna - the mistress of the "obscene institution" where poor girls work
• Zarnitsyna is the mistress of the house where Raskolnikov rents
• Mitka - dyer, Mikolka's partner
• Afanasy Ivanovich Vakhrushin - a friend of the late father of Raskolnikov
• Dushkin - usurer, owner of a tavern

This was a list of all the heroes of the novel "Crime and Punishment": the main and secondary characters of the work.

"Crime and Punishment" characterization of heroes

"Crime and Punishment" a brief description of the heroes of Dostoevsky's novel is presented in this article.

"Crime and Punishment" characterization of heroes

Rodion Raskolnikov

A poor but capable student from St. Petersburg, Rodion Raskolnikov, is obsessed with an idea that takes its roots in humanism and the universal sense of being: will violations of the law be justified if they are done in the name of humanity? External circumstances (poverty and the sister’s forced decision to marry of convenience) push Rodion to test his own theory in practice: he kills an old pawnbroker and her sister Lizaveta, who was pregnant at that time. It is from this moment that the ordeals of poor Raskolnikov begin:

Rodion finds support in family and love - it is these two values ​​that Dostoevsky puts at the forefront: only thanks to his mother, sister Avdotya and Sonechka, with whom Rodion falls in love, he nevertheless comes to the conclusion that for every crime a person must suffer punishment. He himself comes to the investigator and confesses to the murder. After the trial, Sonechka follows him to the Siberian penal servitude. Neither relatives nor friends refuse him - this is the sacrifice and the forgiveness that elevates a person. Sonechka Marmeladova helps Rodion to come to the realization of his own guilt and decide on a voluntary confession.

Sonechka Marmeladova

Sonechka goes hand in hand with Rodion throughout the novel. Her faith, sacrifice, meekness and bright, pure love helps the protagonist understand the meaning of human existence. To understand the terrible mistake that Raskolnikov made, allows another central image of the novel - Svidrigailov.

Arkady Svidrigailov

• Svidrigailov - depraved and vulgar, albeit a nobleman;
• suspected of murder;

The system of main images in the novel is such that the characters complement each other and make their own adjustments to the ideological structure of the novel: if not for one of them, the system would collapse. It is impossible to categorically divide everyone into good and bad: the heart of every person is an arena where good and evil fight daily. Which of them will win is up to the individual to decide. It is this struggle that is shown in the novel with the help of the main characters, helping the reader to correctly understand the thought of the great Dostoevsky.

Alena Ivanovna- a collegiate registrar, pawnbroker, “... a tiny, dry old woman, about sixty years old, with sharp and angry eyes, with a small pointed nose ... Her blond, slightly graying hair was oiled with grease. On her thin and long neck, like a chicken leg, some kind of flannel rag was wrapped around, and on her shoulders, despite the heat, all the tattered and yellowed fur katsaveyka dangled. Her portrayal should evoke disgust and thereby, as it were, partly justify the idea of ​​Raskolnikov, who bears mortgages on her and then kills her. The character is a symbol of worthless and even harmful life. However, according to the author, she is also a person, and violence against her, as against any person, even in the name of noble goals, is a crime of the moral law.

Amalia Ivanovna (Amalia Ludwigovna, Amalia Fedorovna)- the landlady of the Marmeladovs, as well as Lebezyatnikov and Luzhin. She is in constant conflict with Katerina Ivanovna Marmeladova, who in moments of anger calls her Amalia Ludwigovna, which causes her sharp irritation. Invited to Marmeladov's commemoration, she reconciles with Katerina Ivanovna, but after the scandal provoked by Luzhin, she tells her to move out of the apartment.

Zametov Alexander Grigorievich- clerk in the police office, comrade Razu-mikhina. “About twenty-two, with a swarthy and mobile physiognomy, who seemed older than her ice, dressed in fashion and a veil, with a parting on the back of her head, combed and unwashed, with many rings and rings on white brushed fingers and gold chains on her waistcoat.” Together with Razumikhin, he comes to Raskolnikov during his illness immediately after the murder of the old woman. He suspects Raskolnikov, although he pretends that he is simply interested in him. Accidentally meeting him in a tavern, Raskolnikov teases him by talking about the murder of an old woman, and then suddenly stuns him with the question: “What if I killed the old woman and Lizaveta?” Colliding these two characters, Dostoevsky compares two different modes of existence - the intense search for Raskolnikov and the well-fed philistine vegetative life like Zametov's.

Zosimov- doctor, Razumikhin's friend. He is twenty seven years old. "... A tall and fat man, with a puffy and colorless-pale, smooth-shaven face, with blond straight hair, wearing glasses and with a large gold ring on a finger swollen with fat." Self-confident, knows his own worth. "His manner was slow, as if languid and at the same time learned-but-cheeky." Brought by Razumikhin during Raskolnikov's illness, later he himself is interested in his condition. He suspects Raskolnikov of insanity and sees nothing further than this, absorbed in his idea.

Ilya Petrovich (Gunpowder)- "lieutenant, assistant quarter warden, with a reddish mustache protruding horizontally in both directions and with extremely small features, however, nothing special, except for some impudence, did not express." Raskolnikov is rude and aggressive when called to the police about non-payment of a bill of exchange, causing a protest in him and provoking a scandal. During his confession, Raskolnikov finds him in a more benevolent mood and therefore does not dare to confess right away, he comes out and only the second time makes a confession, which plunges I.P. into a daze.

Katerina Ivanovna- Marmeladov's wife. From among the "humiliated and offended." Thirty years. A thin, rather tall and slender woman, with beautiful dark blond hair, with consumptive spots on her cheeks. Her gaze is sharp and motionless, her eyes shine as if in a fever, her lips are parched, her breathing is uneven and intermittent. Daughter of a court counselor. She was brought up at the provincial noble institute, graduated from it with a gold medal and a certificate of merit. She married an infantry officer, fled with him from her parents' house. After his death, she was left with three young children in poverty. As Marmeladov characterizes her, "... the lady is hot, proud and adamant." Compensates for the feeling of humiliation with fantasies in which she herself believes. In fact, he forces his stepdaughter Sonechka to go to the panel, and after that, feeling guilty, they will bow before her self-sacrifice and suffering. After the death of Marmeladov, he arranges a commemoration with the last of his money, trying in every possible way to demonstrate that her husband and she herself are quite respectable people. Constantly in conflict with the landlady Amalia Ivanovna. Despair deprives her of reason, she takes the children and leaves the house to beg, forcing them to sing and dance, and soon dies.

Lebezyatnikov Andrey Semenovich- ministerial officer “... A thin and scrofulous little man, small in stature, who served somewhere and strangely blond, with sideburns in the form of cutlets, of which he was very proud. On top of that, his eyes hurt almost constantly. His heart was rather soft, but his speech was very self-confident, and sometimes even extremely arrogant, which, in comparison with his figure, almost always came out funny. The author says about him that he "... was one of that countless and diverse legion of vulgar, dead bastards and tyrants who have not studied everything, who instantly stick to the most fashionable walking idea in order to immediately vulgarize it, in order to instantly caricature everything that they sometimes serve in the most sincere way." Luzhin, trying to join the latest ideological trends, actually chooses L. as his "mentor" and expounds his views. L. is incompetent, but kind in character and honest in his own way: when Luzhin puts a hundred rubles in Sonya's pocket to accuse her of stealing, L. exposes him. The image is somewhat caricatured.

Lizaveta- the younger, half-sister of the pawnbroker Alena Ivanovna. “... A tall, clumsy, timid and humble girl, almost an idiot, thirty-five years old, who was in complete slavery to her sister, worked for her day and night, trembled before her and even suffered beatings from her.” A swarthy kind face. He does laundry and mends clothes. Before the murder, she knew Raskolnikov, washed his shirts. She was also on friendly terms with Sonechka Marmeladova, with whom she even exchanged crosses. Raskolnikov accidentally eavesdrops on her conversation with familiar philistines, from which he learns that the old pawnbroker will be left at home alone at seven o'clock the next day. A little earlier, he accidentally overheard in a tavern a frivolous conversation between a young officer and a student, where it was, in particular, about L. - that although she is ugly, many people like her - “so quiet, meek, unrequited, consonant, agreeing to everything” and therefore constantly pregnant. During the murder of the pawnbroker, L. unexpectedly returns home and also becomes a victim of Raskolnikov. It is the Gospel donated by her that Sonya reads to Raskolnikov.

Luzhin Petr Petrovich- type of businessman and "capitalist". He is forty five years old. Prim, portly, with a cautious and obese physiognomy. Sullen and arrogant. Wants to open a law office in St. Petersburg. Having escaped from insignificance, he highly appreciates his mind and abilities, he is used to admiring himself. However, L. values ​​money most of all. He defends progress "in the name of science and economic truth". He preaches from other people's words, which he heard from his friend Lebezyatnikov, from young progressives: “Science says: love, first of all, only yourself, for everything in the world is based on personal interest ... Economic truth adds that the more private affairs are arranged in a society ... the more solid foundations for it and the more the common cause is arranged in it. "

Struck by the beauty and education of Dunya Raskolnikova, L. proposes to her. His pride is flattered by the thought that a noble girl who has experienced many misfortunes will revere and obey him all her life. In addition, L. hopes that "the charm of a lovely, virtuous and educated woman" will help his career. In St. Petersburg, L. lives with Lebezyatnikov - with the aim of "just in case, running ahead" and "seeking out" from the youth, thereby securing himself against any unexpected demarches on her part. Driven out by Raskolnikov and hating him, he tries to quarrel with his mother and sister, to provoke a scandal: during the wake of Marmeladov, he gives Sonechka ten rubles, and then imperceptibly slips another hundred rubles into her pocket, in order to later publicly accuse her of theft. Exposed by Lebezyatnikov, he is forced to shamefully retreat.

Marmeladov Semyon Zakharovich- titular adviser, sonechka's father. “He was a man already in his fifties, of medium height and dense build, with gray hair and a large bald head, with a yellow, even greenish face swollen from constant drunkenness and with swollen eyelids, because of which tiny, like slits, but animated reddish eyes shone. But there was something very strange about him; in his eyes, it was as if even enthusiasm shone - perhaps there was both sense and intelligence - but at the same time, it seemed like madness flickered. He lost his place "by changing states" and from that moment began to drink.

Raskolnikov meets M. in a tavern, where he tells him his life and confesses his sins - that he drinks and drank his wife's things, that his own daughter Sonechka went to the bar because of poverty and his drunkenness. Realizing all his insignificance and deeply repenting, but not having the strength to overcome himself, the hero nevertheless tries to elevate his own weakness to the world drama, ornate and even making theatrical gestures, which are intended to show his not completely lost nobility. "Sorry! why pity me! Marmeladov suddenly yelled, getting up with his hand outstretched forward, in resolute inspiration, as if he had only been waiting for these words ... "Raskolnikov accompanies him home twice: the first time drunk, the second time - crushed by horses. The image is associated with one of the main themes of Dostoevsky's work - poverty and humiliation, in which a person who gradually loses dignity dies and clings to him with all his last strength.

Lesson in 10th grade. The history of the idea of ​​the novel "Crime and Punishment", genre composition

Sections: Literature

Genre. Composition. Image system.

Goals: to understand why the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky still causes controversy, ambiguous assessments; to determine the genre and compositional features of the novel, the main conflict and the system of images.

1. The word of the teacher about the time of writing the novel “Crime and Punishment”.

- By the time the novel was created, F.M. Dostoevsky was already a well-known writer, the author of the novels Poor People, Humiliated and Insulted, Notes from the House of the Dead, novels The Double, White Nights, Netochka Nezvanova, Uncle's Dream, and The Village of Stepanchikovo.
The reader is already familiar with his views on poor people, contemporaries argue about the vitality of his works. But in February 1866, the first part of the novel “Crime and Punishment” appeared in the “Russian Messenger”, and in December the last, sixth part and an epilogue were printed. The novel spoke of real time, reflected this time, the characters of the novel seemed to live with the reader in the same city, perhaps even on the same street, read the same trendy books, talked about the same social problems.

2. Game with the title.

Let's take a look at the title of the novel. How many parts does it have? ( Six)

On the board is the statement of contemporary Russian writers about the composition of the novel, now living in the USA, P. Weill and A. Genis:

“The novel, built on a skillful orchestration of tensions, passes through two climaxes, after which catharsis sets in. The first such point is a crime. The second is punishment. (P. Weil, A. Genis “The Last Judgment”)

- Let's clarify how many parts are allocated for a crime and for punishment? ( The first part is devoted to the description of the crime, and all the rest to the punishment.).

– The novel is built on the antithesis of crime and punishment. Choose synonyms for the word "punishment".

Punishment
Retribution
Pay
Calculation

• The question arises: is one punishment enough to return a person to his former way of life? ( No).
• What is missing? ( Atonement for one's guilt, cleansing, and this takes time, perhaps a lifetime).
• How can you redeem yourself? ( good deeds, deeds, love for people).
• Is it told how Raskolnikov atoned for his guilt on the pages of the novel? ( No). All this was left behind the scenes. So the novel has an open ending!

3. The main conflict of the novel, the social situation.

What social problem gave rise to the novel? To answer this question, let's turn to the words of the author of your textbook, Yu. Lebedev.

“Dostoevsky saw how the post-reform break, destroying the age-old foundations of society, freed human individuality from spiritual traditions, traditions and authorities, from their historical memory. The personality fell out of the "ecological" system of culture, lost its self-orientation and fell into a blind dependence on the "most modern" science, on the "last words of the ideological life of society." This was especially dangerous for young people from the middle and small strata of society. A man of a “random tribe”, a lonely young raznochintsy, thrown into the cycle of social passions, drawn into an ideological struggle, entered into extremely painful relations with the world. Not rooted in the life of the people, deprived of a solid spiritual ground, he turned out to be defenseless against the power of “unfinished” ideas, dubious social theories that were circulating in the “gaseous” society of post-reform Russia.”

- Before what "unfinished" ideas were defenseless young people of that time, in particular Raskolnikov? ( Nihilism. Reasonable selfishness. Napoleonism).

- All these philosophical ideas can be fit in just one phrase: "God is dead - everything is allowed." It belongs to the German philosopher and poet F. Nietzsche, whose ideas inspired many intellectuals in Europe and Russia and with whom Dostoevsky argues in almost all of his novels, including Crime and Punishment.

Memoirs of A. Suslova, September 17, 1863:

When we were having dinner, he, looking at the girl who was taking lessons, said: “Well, imagine such a girl with an old man, and suddenly some Napoleon says: “Exterminate the whole city. It has always been that way.”

From the novel Crime and Punishment.

The “prophet” is right, when he puts a good battery somewhere across the street and blows on the right and guilty, without even deigning to explain himself ...

Porfiry Petrovich's words:

Who in Rus' does not consider himself Napoleon?

The era was obsessed with Napoleonomania. Dostoevsky had to face this phenomenon personally. Listen to an excerpt from the book Y.Karyakina “Dostoevsky and modernity”

Dostoevsky's lover in those years, A. Suslova, was carried away by one student, and when he deceived her, she decided to kill him.
– How can you decide human relations by shedding blood?
It turns out that she decided to “turn her revenge into a feat”.
– Does it matter which man pays for the abuse of me? But if we take revenge, so that the whole world becomes aware of the only, unheard of, unprecedented, unique revenge.
She plots to kill ... the king.
– It's very captivating. Huge step. After all, how simple. Just think - one gesture, one movement, and you are in a host of celebrities, geniuses, great people, saviors of mankind ...
– Glory is earned by hard work.
– Or unparalleled courage.
– Have you thought about flour?
– That's what stopped me. Suddenly I thought: they will be executed, but to live up to 80 years somewhere in silence, in the sun, by the southern sea, is very good.

- And yet, why is the novel called “Crime and Punishment”, and not “Raskolnikov”, for example? ( Dostoevsky, apparently, was more interested not in the hero himself, but in what he feels, experiences during the crime and after it.). Therefore, now it is most appropriate to talk about the genre of the novel.

On the board is a list of all kinds of genres. Choose and write down the appropriate ones.

• Philosophical
• Moral-psychological
• Historical
• Polemical
• Fantastic
• Social detective
• Political
• Adventure
• Tragedy novel
• Roman confession
• Satirical
• Biographical
• Family
• Autobiographical
• Ideological

  The novel can be described as philosophical, ideological, moral and psychological, as a tragedy novel, a confession novel.

  - All your definitions are correct, in modern literary criticism there is no single point of view in defining the genre of a novel.

  5. Working with the card.

  - Let's get acquainted with different points of view on the novel of famous people of the past. How did they understand it?

  Get acquainted with the different points of view on the novel of contemporaries. How did Russian society react to the writer and his novel? Write down in your notebook the opinion with which you agree and which you think is correct. Justify your choice.

  You re-read “Crime and Punishment” and you wonder how earlier, reading one thing, you understand something completely different, how you could see in the novel the worn-out “idea” that a crime awakens a conscience in a person and in the throes of conscience brings the criminal the highest punishment.(V.Veresaev “Living Life”, 1910)

  Dostoevsky is the most intimate, most inner writer, so when you read him, it’s as if you are not reading someone else, but you are listening to your own soul, only deeper than usual, than always.. (V. Rozanov “Why Dostoevsky is dear to us”, 1911)

  It is impossible to imagine a greater science fiction writer than Dostoevsky, and no one was able to portray the real situation so vividly.(D. Galsworthy, 1911)

  I feel a certain sense of embarrassment when talking about Dostoevsky. In my lectures, I usually look at literature from the only point of view that interests me, that is, as a phenomenon of world art and a manifestation of personal talent. From this point of view, Dostoevsky is not a great writer, but rather mediocre, with flashes of unsurpassed humor, which, alas, alternate with long voids of literary platitudes.(V. Nabokov “Lectures on Russian Literature”)

  - The writer in Russia has always enjoyed great confidence. So A.S. Pushkin elevated him to the role of the Prophet. A century later, E. Yevtushenko will say: “A poet in Russia is more than a poet,” speaking about the place of a writer in society. We do not set ourselves the task of discussing the right to existence of one-day novels. Our goal is to understand the era that gives birth to great writers and great works of literature, to listen to the opinion of contemporaries who live a spiritual, intellectual life, who feel their right to strictly judge or praise great writers.

  6. The system of images of the novel.

  - Based on the information received in the lesson, we will be able to build a system of images of the novel. Choose a scheme on the board, justify your choice. Is it possible to explain the position of the author through a system of images?

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"Crime and Punishment" a brief description of the heroes of Dostoevsky's novel is presented in this article.

"Crime and Punishment" characterization of heroes

Rodion Raskolnikov

A poor but capable student from St. Petersburg, Rodion Raskolnikov, is obsessed with an idea that takes its roots in humanism and the universal sense of being: will violations of the law be justified if they are done in the name of humanity? External circumstances (poverty and the sister’s forced decision to marry of convenience) push Rodion to test his own theory in practice: he kills an old pawnbroker and her sister Lizaveta, who was pregnant at that time. It is from this moment that the ordeals of poor Raskolnikov begin:

• even physically he cannot cope with the test: for several days after the murder he lies delirious;
• upon the fact of the murder, the investigator begins to call him and interrogate him: suspicions torment the student, he loses peace, sleep, appetite;
• but the most important ordeal is the conscience, which demands retribution for the bloody crime committed by Raskolnikov.

Rodion finds support in family and love - it is these two values ​​that Dostoevsky puts at the forefront: only thanks to his mother, sister Avdotya and Sonechka, with whom Rodion falls in love, he nevertheless comes to the conclusion that for every crime a person must suffer punishment. He himself comes to the investigator and confesses to the murder. After the trial, Sonechka follows him to the Siberian penal servitude. Neither relatives nor friends refuse him - this is the sacrifice and the forgiveness that elevates a person. Sonechka Marmeladova helps Rodion to come to the realization of his own guilt and decide on a voluntary confession.

Sonechka Marmeladova

Various female images are found in Russian literature, but Sonya Marmeladova is the most tragic and at the same time the most sublime heroine:

• instead of the contempt that a prostitute should inspire, Sonya is pretty and delightful in her self-sacrifice: after all, she goes to earn with her body for the sake of her family;
• instead of a vulgar and rude street selling woman, the reader sees a modest, meek, quiet girl who is ashamed of her own occupation, but cannot change anything;
• At first, Raskolnikov hates her, because he feels that he is irresistibly attracted to her: he is attracted so strongly that he is forced to tell her first about his atrocity, but then he realizes that it is Sonechka who is the salvation that the Lord sent him as a consolation.

Sonechka goes hand in hand with Rodion throughout the novel. Her faith, sacrifice, meekness and bright, pure love helps the protagonist understand the meaning of human existence. To understand the terrible mistake that Raskolnikov made, allows another central image of the novel - Svidrigailov.

Arkady Svidrigailov

Svidrigailov is the ideological counterpart of Raskolnikov, on the example of which Dostoevsky shows what Rodion's theory did to a person when everything is allowed to him:

• Svidrigailov - depraved and vulgar, albeit a nobleman;
• suspected of murder;
• blackmailer.

And at the same time, he is lonely and cannot bear the weight of his own sins: he commits suicide. This is what Sonechka saves her Rodion from.

The system of main images in the novel is such that the characters complement each other and make their own adjustments to the ideological structure of the novel: if not for one of them, the system would collapse. It is impossible to categorically divide everyone into good and bad: the heart of every person is an arena where good and evil fight daily. Which of them will win is up to the individual to decide. It is this struggle that is shown in the novel with the help of the main characters, helping the reader to correctly understand the thought of the great Dostoevsky.

Alena Ivanovna- a collegiate registrar, pawnbroker, “... a tiny, dry old woman, about sixty years old, with sharp and angry eyes, with a small pointed nose ... Her blond, slightly graying hair was oiled with grease. On her thin and long neck, like a chicken leg, some kind of flannel rag was wrapped around, and on her shoulders, despite the heat, all the tattered and yellowed fur katsaveyka dangled. Her portrayal should evoke disgust and thereby, as it were, partly justify the idea of ​​Raskolnikov, who bears mortgages on her and then kills her. The character is a symbol of worthless and even harmful life. However, according to the author, she is also a person, and violence against her, as against any person, even in the name of noble goals, is a crime of the moral law.

Amalia Ivanovna (Amalia Ludwigovna, Amalia Fedorovna)- the landlady of the Marmeladovs, as well as Lebezyatnikov and Luzhin. She is in constant conflict with Katerina Ivanovna Marmeladova, who in moments of anger calls her Amalia Ludwigovna, which causes her sharp irritation. Invited to Marmeladov's commemoration, she reconciles with Katerina Ivanovna, but after the scandal provoked by Luzhin, she tells her to move out of the apartment.

Zametov Alexander Grigorievich- clerk in the police office, comrade Razu-mikhina. “About twenty-two, with a swarthy and mobile physiognomy, who seemed older than her ice, dressed in fashion and a veil, with a parting on the back of her head, combed and unwashed, with many rings and rings on white brushed fingers and gold chains on her waistcoat.” Together with Razumikhin, he comes to Raskolnikov during his illness immediately after the murder of the old woman. He suspects Raskolnikov, although he pretends that he is simply interested in him. Accidentally meeting him in a tavern, Raskolnikov teases him by talking about the murder of an old woman, and then suddenly stuns him with the question: “What if I killed the old woman and Lizaveta?” Colliding these two characters, Dostoevsky compares two different modes of existence - the intense search for Raskolnikov and the well-fed philistine vegetative life like Zametov's.

Zosimov- doctor, Razumikhin's friend. He is twenty seven years old. "... A tall and fat man, with a puffy and colorless-pale, smooth-shaven face, with blond straight hair, wearing glasses and with a large gold ring on a finger swollen with fat." Self-confident, knows his own worth. "His manner was slow, as if languid and at the same time learned-but-cheeky." Brought by Razumikhin during Raskolnikov's illness, later he himself is interested in his condition. He suspects Raskolnikov of insanity and sees nothing further than this, absorbed in his idea.

Ilya Petrovich (Gunpowder)- "lieutenant, assistant quarter warden, with a reddish mustache protruding horizontally in both directions and with extremely small features, however, nothing special, except for some impudence, did not express." Raskolnikov is rude and aggressive when called to the police about non-payment of a bill of exchange, causing a protest in him and provoking a scandal. During his confession, Raskolnikov finds him in a more benevolent mood and therefore does not dare to confess right away, he comes out and only the second time makes a confession, which plunges I.P. into a daze.

Katerina Ivanovna- Marmeladov's wife. From among the "humiliated and offended." Thirty years. A thin, rather tall and slender woman, with beautiful dark blond hair, with consumptive spots on her cheeks. Her gaze is sharp and motionless, her eyes shine as if in a fever, her lips are parched, her breathing is uneven and intermittent. Daughter of a court counselor. She was brought up at the provincial noble institute, graduated from it with a gold medal and a certificate of merit. She married an infantry officer, fled with him from her parents' house. After his death, she was left with three young children in poverty. As Marmeladov characterizes her, "... the lady is hot, proud and adamant." Compensates for the feeling of humiliation with fantasies in which she herself believes. In fact, he forces his stepdaughter Sonechka to go to the panel, and after that, feeling guilty, they will bow before her self-sacrifice and suffering. After the death of Marmeladov, he arranges a commemoration with the last of his money, trying in every possible way to demonstrate that her husband and she herself are quite respectable people. Constantly in conflict with the landlady Amalia Ivanovna. Despair deprives her of reason, she takes the children and leaves the house to beg, forcing them to sing and dance, and soon dies.

Lebezyatnikov Andrey Semenovich- ministerial officer “... A thin and scrofulous little man, small in stature, who served somewhere and strangely blond, with sideburns in the form of cutlets, of which he was very proud. On top of that, his eyes hurt almost constantly. His heart was rather soft, but his speech was very self-confident, and sometimes even extremely arrogant, which, in comparison with his figure, almost always came out funny. The author says about him that he "... was one of that countless and diverse legion of vulgar, dead bastards and tyrants who have not studied everything, who instantly stick to the most fashionable walking idea in order to immediately vulgarize it, in order to instantly caricature everything that they sometimes serve in the most sincere way." Luzhin, trying to join the latest ideological trends, actually chooses L. as his "mentor" and expounds his views. L. is incompetent, but kind in character and honest in his own way: when Luzhin puts a hundred rubles in Sonya's pocket to accuse her of stealing, L. exposes him. The image is somewhat caricatured.

Lizaveta- the younger, half-sister of the pawnbroker Alena Ivanovna. “... A tall, clumsy, timid and humble girl, almost an idiot, thirty-five years old, who was in complete slavery to her sister, worked for her day and night, trembled before her and even suffered beatings from her.” A swarthy kind face. He does laundry and mends clothes. Before the murder, she knew Raskolnikov, washed his shirts. She was also on friendly terms with Sonechka Marmeladova, with whom she even exchanged crosses. Raskolnikov accidentally eavesdrops on her conversation with familiar philistines, from which he learns that the old pawnbroker will be left at home alone at seven o'clock the next day. A little earlier, he accidentally overheard in a tavern a frivolous conversation between a young officer and a student, where it was, in particular, about L. - that although she is ugly, many people like her - “so quiet, meek, unrequited, consonant, agreeing to everything” and therefore constantly pregnant. During the murder of the pawnbroker, L. unexpectedly returns home and also becomes a victim of Raskolnikov. It is the Gospel donated by her that Sonya reads to Raskolnikov.

Luzhin Petr Petrovich- type of businessman and "capitalist". He is forty five years old. Prim, portly, with a cautious and obese physiognomy. Sullen and arrogant. Wants to open a law office in St. Petersburg. Having escaped from insignificance, he highly appreciates his mind and abilities, he is used to admiring himself. However, L. values ​​money most of all. He defends progress "in the name of science and economic truth". He preaches from other people's words, which he heard from his friend Lebezyatnikov, from young progressives: “Science says: love, first of all, only yourself, for everything in the world is based on personal interest ... Economic truth adds that the more private affairs are arranged in a society ... the more solid foundations for it and the more the common cause is arranged in it. "

Struck by the beauty and education of Dunya Raskolnikova, L. proposes to her. His pride is flattered by the thought that a noble girl who has experienced many misfortunes will revere and obey him all her life. In addition, L. hopes that "the charm of a lovely, virtuous and educated woman" will help his career. In St. Petersburg, L. lives with Lebezyatnikov - with the aim of "just in case, running ahead" and "seeking out" from the youth, thereby securing himself against any unexpected demarches on her part. Driven out by Raskolnikov and hating him, he tries to quarrel with his mother and sister, to provoke a scandal: during the wake of Marmeladov, he gives Sonechka ten rubles, and then imperceptibly slips another hundred rubles into her pocket, in order to later publicly accuse her of theft. Exposed by Lebezyatnikov, he is forced to shamefully retreat.

Marmeladov Semyon Zakharovich- titular adviser, sonechka's father. “He was a man already in his fifties, of medium height and dense build, with gray hair and a large bald head, with a yellow, even greenish face swollen from constant drunkenness and with swollen eyelids, because of which tiny, like slits, but animated reddish eyes shone. But there was something very strange about him; in his eyes, it was as if even enthusiasm shone - perhaps there was both sense and intelligence - but at the same time, it seemed like madness flickered. He lost his place "by changing states" and from that moment began to drink.

Raskolnikov meets M. in a tavern, where he tells him his life and confesses his sins - that he drinks and drank his wife's things, that his own daughter Sonechka went to the bar because of poverty and his drunkenness. Realizing all his insignificance and deeply repenting, but not having the strength to overcome himself, the hero nevertheless tries to elevate his own weakness to the world drama, ornate and even making theatrical gestures, which are intended to show his not completely lost nobility. "Sorry! why pity me! Marmeladov suddenly yelled, getting up with his hand outstretched forward, in resolute inspiration, as if he had only been waiting for these words ... "Raskolnikov accompanies him home twice: the first time drunk, the second time - crushed by horses. The image is associated with one of the main themes of Dostoevsky's work - poverty and humiliation, in which a person who gradually loses dignity dies and clings to him with all his last strength.