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Grand Dukes of Kyiv. Rulers of Kievan Rus Names of princes of Kievan Rus

16.07.2023

Grand Dukes of Kyiv rulers of Kievan Rus and the Kievan principality. Askold and Dir, princes of Kyiv (no later than 860 882) did not have the title of Grand Duke. Oleg Veshchy (882 912) Igor Rurikovich (912 945) Olga (945 957) ... ... Wikipedia

Belozersky princes- Belozersky principality, Belozersky princes. Belozersk, according to ancient letters and scribe books Belo ozero (up to Catherine II), was founded in ancient times. According to an unreliable legend, Belozersk in ancient times stood on the northern shore of the lake. Prince ... Biographical Dictionary

Moscow princes- The rulers of Rus', Russia, the USSR (862 2009) History of Russia Ancient Slavs, Russes ... Wikipedia

Chernihiv princes- We do not find news anywhere about the time of the foundation of Chernigov. For the first time it is mentioned in chronicles under the year 907, which speaks of Oleg's peace treaty with the Greeks and where Chernigov was placed first after Kyiv among the cities to which Oleg ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia

Grand Duke of Kyiv

Grand Duke of Kyiv- The Grand Dukes of Kyiv, the rulers of Kievan Rus Askold and Dir (864 882) Prophetic Oleg (882 912) Igor Rurikovich (912 945) ... Wikipedia

Kievan Grand Duchy- The Grand Dukes of Kyiv, the rulers of Kievan Rus Askold and Dir (864 882) Prophetic Oleg (882 912) Igor Rurikovich (912 945) ... Wikipedia

Rurikovichi- Rurik princely, later also royal (in Moscow) and royal (in Galicia-Volyn land) family of Rurik's descendants, which was split over time into many branches. The last rulers of the ruling Rurik dynasty in Rus' were ... ... Wikipedia

Yaroslav Vladimirovich the Wise- Request "Yaroslav the Wise" redirects here; see also other meanings. Yaroslav Vladimirovich the Wise ... Wikipedia

History of Kyiv- Monument to the founders of Kyiv. sculpt. V. 3. Borodai. The history of Kyiv, the largest city in Ukraine, has at least 1 ... Wikipedia

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, Antonin Petrovich Ladinsky. The heroes of the historical novel `The Last Way of Vladimir Monomakh` are the legendary rulers of Ancient Rus', the great Kyiv princes, warriors, residents of cities and towns. There was a time when Rus… Buy for 854 UAH (Ukraine only)
The last journey of Vladimir Monomakh, Antonin Petrovich Ladinsky. The heroes of the historical novel "The Last Way of Vladimir Monomakh" are the legendary rulers of Ancient Rus', the great Kyiv princes, warriors, residents of cities and towns. There was a time when Rus'...

The article briefly talks about the great princes of Russian Rus' - a topic studied in the history of the 10th grade. What were they famous for? What were their deeds and role in history?

Summoned Vikings

In 862, the northwestern tribes of the Eastern Slavs decided to stop wars among themselves and invite an independent ruler to rule over them fairly. Slav Gostomysl from the Ilmen tribe led a campaign to the Varangians and returned from there with Rurik and his squad. Together with Rurik came his two brothers - Sienus and Truvor. Rurik sat down to reign in Ladoga, and two years later, according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, he built Novgorod. Rurik had a son, Igor, who was to become a prince after his death. The hereditary rule became the foundation of the ruling dynasty.

Rice. 1. Map of Kievan Rus in the 10th century.

In 879, Rurik died, and Igor was still too small. Oleg acted as regent - either Rurik's brother-in-law, or his governor. Already in 882, he captured Kyiv, where he transferred the capital of Ancient Rus' from Novgorod. Having captured Kyiv, Oleg established full control over the trade route "From the Varangians to the Greeks." Oleg managed to conclude a profitable agreement with Byzantium on duty-free trade, which is a great achievement for the Russian economy of that time.

In 912 Oleg died and Igor became the Prince of Kyiv. In 914, Igor re-conquered the Drevlyans, setting a tribute greater than Oleg's. In 945, Igor, collecting tribute from the Drevlyans, considered that he had not collected enough. Returning with a small detachment for re-assembly, he was killed in the city of Iskorosten for his greed.

Both Rurik, and Oleg, and Igor reduced their domestic political activity to the subjugation of the Slavic tribes surrounding Rus' and imposing tribute on them. Their activities were largely aimed at conducting military campaigns to gain authority within Rus' and in the international arena.

The reign of Olga and Svyatoslav

In 945, Olga suppressed the rebellion of the Drevlyans and avenged Igor by destroying Iskorosten. Olga left the foreign and began to engage in domestic politics. She carried out the first reform in Rus', creating a system of lessons and graveyards - the amount of tribute and places and time of its collection. In 955 Olga goes to Constantinople and accepts Christianity.

The foreign policy of Rus' in the 9th-10th centuries

Byzantium remained the main direction of the campaigns of the first Russian princes, although periodically military campaigns were carried out in other countries. To illuminate this issue, we will compile a table The first Russian princes and their activities in foreign policy.

*prince*	*hike*	*Year*	*Outcome*
			The capture of Kyiv and the transfer of the capital there
	To Constantinople		A profitable trade agreement was concluded for Rus'
	To Constantinople		Russian fleet burned by Greek fire
	To Constantinople		New military-trade agreement signed
	On Berdaa		Looted and brought to Rus' rich booty
Svyatoslav	To Khazaria		Destruction of the Khazar Khaganate
	To Bulgaria		He conquered Bulgaria and sat down to reign there
	War with Byzantium		Svyatoslav left Bulgaria and went to Kyiv

It should be noted that the first Russian princes were also engaged in the defense of the southern borders from the constant raids of the nomadic Khazar and Pecheneg tribes.

What have we learned?

In general, the foreign policy of the first Russian princes dominated the domestic one. This was due to the desire to unite under one authority all the East Slavic tribes and protect them from external military aggression.

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Princes Rurikovich (brief biographies) Oleg Viktorovich Tvorogov

RUSSIAN PRINCES IX-XI centuries.

The 9th and 10th centuries are the most difficult period in the history of Ancient Rus' to study. The chroniclers, who worked 100-150 years after the events they describe, relied mainly on oral traditions and legends; the annual grid, which distinguishes the Russian chronicle from the Byzantine chronicles and gave it a name (chronicle - a description of events by years, "years"), as established by researchers, was "superimposed" on the narration of the most ancient events of the 10th-11th centuries. only when created at the beginning of the XII century. chronicle code, called "The Tale of Bygone Years". Therefore, the dating of many ancient events, as well as the calculation of the years of life and reign of the first Rurikovich, can be accepted with a certain degree of conventionality.

Rurik(d. 879). According to the chronicle tradition, Rurik with the brothers Sineus and Truvor were called to Rus' by representatives of the tribes: the Novgorod Slavs, the Polotsk Krivichi, the whole (Veps) and the Chud (ancestors of the Estonians) and began to reign in Novgorod or Ladoga. The question of who Rurik and his fellow tribesmen were, where they came from to Rus', whether Rurik was called to reign or invited as the leader of a military squad, remains controversial to this day.

Source: PVL.

Lit .: Lovmyansky X. Rus' and the Normans. Translation from Polish. M., 1985; Avdusin D. A. Modern anti-Normanism // VI. 1988. No. 7. pp. 23-34.

Oleg(d. 912). According to the PVL, after the death of Rurik, a relative of Rurik, Oleg, became regent under the juvenile Igor. However, in another chronicle (Initial code) Oleg is referred to only as the governor of Rurik. Considering that Igor was at least 33 years old at the beginning of his independent reign, Oleg's regency seems to be an absolute historical myth: both Oleg and Igor, the actual founder of the Rurik dynasty, were probably independent princes.

In 882, Oleg set off with his retinue to the south, along the waterway "from the Varangians to the Greeks." He captured Smolensk and then Kiev, killing the local princes Askold and Dir. They were apparently Varangians; according to the chronicle, having received permission from Rurik to go to Constantinople, Askold and Dir remained to reign in Kyiv. But there is circumstantial evidence against the fact that Askold and Dir were co-rulers. After the reign of Oleg in Kiev, which he declared “matter to be a Russian city”, the entire territory of Rus' fell under his rule, stretched out in a relatively narrow strip along the river routes leading from Ladoga to the Black Sea. Oleg expanded his possessions to the east, subjugating the northerners and Radimichi - the tribes that lived in the Desna and Sozh basins. Oleg made two successful campaigns against the capital of Byzantium, Constantinople (in 907 and 911). According to the legend reflected in the PVL, he died from a snake bite and was buried in Kyiv.

Source: PVL.

Lit .: Sakharov. We are from a kind of Russian *. pp. 84-159.

Igor(d. 945). As mentioned above, it is unlikely that Igor was the son of Rurik. It is characteristic that the chronicler does not know anything about the details of Igor's reign for a quarter of a century, mentioning only his campaigns against Constantinople in 941 and 944. The second campaign led to the conclusion of an agreement beneficial for Rus' with Byzantium. In 945, Igor was killed by the Drevlyans (a tribe that lived in the Pripyat basin) when he tried to collect tribute from them a second time.

Source: PVL.

Lit .: Sakharov. We are from the Russian family. pp. 179-225.

Olga(d. 969). Igor's wife. According to some legends - the daughter of a boatman from Pskov. It is difficult to separate reality from poetic fiction in the story of PVL about how Olga took revenge on the Drevlyans for the death of her husband. Twice (in 946 and 955) Olga visited Constantinople, where she was received with honor by Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus. During the second trip, Olga was baptized and received the Christian name Elena.

Source: PVL.

Lit .: Litavrin G. G. On the question of the circumstances, place and time of the baptism of Princess Olga // Ancient states on the territory of the USSR. 1985. M., 1986. S. 49-57; Sakharov. We are from the Russian family. pp. 226-250.

Svyatoslav Igorevich(d. 972). A brave warrior, according to the chronicler, who openly challenged his enemies: "I'm going to attack you!" Svyatoslav made a number of successful campaigns. He freed the Vyatichi tribe living in the Oka basin from paying tribute to the Khazars, defeated the Volga Bulgars and the powerful Khazar Khaganate, having made a victorious campaign in 965 against the Lower Volga, the North Caucasus and the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov.

In the last years of his reign, Svyatoslav actively intervened in the war of Byzantium with the Danube Bulgarians who rebelled against her rule and defeated them. The Byzantine emperor John Tzimiskes, alarmed that Svyatoslav was trying to gain a foothold in the cities along the Danube, attacked the Russian squads, besieged them in Dorostol and forced them to accept the battle. The Greeks were defeated, and Svyatoslav moved to Constantinople. The emperor had to pay off with generous gifts. Having made peace, the prince decided to return to Kyiv for new soldiers. But at the Dnieper rapids, Svyatoslav was ambushed and killed by the Pechenegs. From his skull, the Pecheneg prince ordered to make a bowl.

Source: PVL.

Lit .: Gadlo A.V. Svyatoslav's Eastern campaign (On the question of the beginning of the Tmutarakan principality) // Problems of the history of feudal Russia. L., 1971. S. 59-67; Sakharov A.N. Balkan campaigns of Svyatoslav and the diplomacy of Ancient Rus' // VI. 1982. No. 2. S. 81-107; Sakharov. We are from the Russian family. pp. 261-340.

Vladimir Svyatoslavich(d. 1015). The son of Svyatoslav from the housekeeper Olga - Malusha. As a youth, Vladimir was sent to reign in Novgorod, accompanied by his uncle, the governor of Dobrynia. In 976 (the date is conjectural) Vladimir married the daughter of the prince of Polotsk, Rogneda. But she refuses him, derogatoryly referring to the prince as "robichich" (that is, the son of a slave). Vladimir kills Rogneda's father and makes her his concubine. In 980, having cunningly dealt with his brother Yaropolk (who had previously killed the third son of Svyatoslav, Oleg), Vladimir became the sole ruler of Rus'. He made several successful campaigns against the Poles, the Vyatichi and Radimichi, the Volga Bulgarians, expanded the boundaries of Rus' in the southwest, built a number of fortress cities around Kiev and on the borders with the hostile Pecheneg steppe. Having provided military assistance to the Byzantine emperor Vasily II, Vladimir received his sister Anna as his wife. In 988, Vladimir was baptized, and then (in 988 or 990) he proclaimed Christianity the state religion of Rus'. The process of complete Christianization of the country dragged on for almost two centuries, but the new faith quickly gained a foothold in the largest cities. For the functioning of the church, liturgical books and competent clergymen were required. Therefore, the adoption of Christianity contributed to the emergence and intensive development of literature (writing was known earlier). Stone architecture is gaining ground. Rus''s international prestige increased immeasurably. Vladimir becomes one of the most popular figures in Russian history. Many legends are associated with his name (some of them were reflected in the PVL), he becomes a permanent character of epics. The church canonized Vladimir among the saints.

Source: PVL.

Lit .: Rapov. Princely possessions. pp. 32-35; Rybakov. The world of history. pp. 131-147.

Yaroslav Vladimirovich the Wise(c. 978-1054). Vladimir's son from Rogneda. After the death of Vladimir, power in Kyiv was seized by the son of Yaropolk - Svyatopolk. He killed his half-brothers - Boris, Gleb and Svyatoslav, striving for absolute rule. Yaroslav, who reigned in Novgorod, opposed Svyatopolk and expelled him from Kyiv. But Svyatopolk, relying on the support of his father-in-law, the Polish king Boleslav the Brave, defeated Yaroslav in 1018 in the battle on the banks of the Bug. Yaroslav, having gathered a new squad, defeated Svyatopolk in a bloody battle on Alta in 1019. He fled and, according to legend, died somewhere in unknown places between the Czech Republic and Poland. Yaroslav became the prince of Kyiv and remained on the Kiev table until the end of his life. After the death of his brother Mstislav (in 1036), Yaroslav becomes the sole ruler in Rus', only in Polotsk his brother Izyaslav rules. The time of Yaroslav is the time of internal stabilization, which contributed to the growth of the international authority of Rus', as evidenced by the fact that Yaroslav's daughters became queens: Anna - the French, Elizabeth - the Norwegian, and then the Danish, Anastasia - the Hungarian. The chronicle claims that it was during the reign of Yaroslav that translation and book-writing began to develop intensively. The first Russian monasteries arose, including the famous Kiev-Pechersk, which played a large role in the development of Russian literature and chronicles. In 1054, Yaroslav installed the first Russian metropolitan, Hilarion (before that, the Greeks were metropolitans), who created the ecclesiastical and political treatise "The Sermon on Law and Grace."

Before his death, Yaroslav divided his state between his sons, thereby laying the foundation for feudal fragmentation. Yaroslav was married to Ingigerd, daughter of the Swedish king Olaf.

Source: PVL; The Tale of Boris and Gleb // PLDR: XI-beginning of the XII century. pp. 278-303.

Lit .: Rapov. Princely possessions. pp. 36-37.

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Many historians attribute the formation of Kievan Rus as a state to the years of the reign of Prince Oleg - from 882 to 912, but this is not so. Before him, the great princes ruled, who began the Rurik dynasty, which received its name from Rurik, Prince of Novgorod, whom the people of Kiev called to rule them. He died in 879, and only 3 years later the throne passed to Prophetic Oleg, who raised Rurik's son Igor as his own. It is Igor Rurikovich who is considered the founder of the dynastic family.

This princely family ruled for more than 700 years, distributing Russian cities and small lands among their sons. Some of them built cities, such as Yuri Dolgoruky, who founded Moscow, which still stands as a reminder of the era of Kievan Rus, or Kiy, who gave his name to the future capital of the Rus.

Origins of Kievan Rus

The unification of the lands of the Slavic tribes under the unified rule of Kyiv was not an easy task, since it did not make sense to conquer them, because the great city needed allies, not captives. That is why Rurik and his descendants exempted their neighbors from paying tribute to the Pechenegs, but collected it themselves.

It is interesting that for a very long time the great princes of Kyiv were elected to the throne by the people and their rule had to justify his trust. This did not prevent representatives of the prolific Rurik family tree from constantly fighting for the throne.

After the death of Prince Oleg, his stepson Igor continued to unite the Slavic tribes under the protection of Kyiv, but the exorbitant tribute that they had to pay eventually led to an uprising of the Drevlyans, who killed the prince. Although his widow Olga avenged her husband, being a fair woman and the first to receive Orthodox baptism, she set the amount of tribute that could not be violated.

As a rule, the formation of any state is a matter based on wars and treacherous murders. The Slavic peoples did not pass such acts. The Grand Dukes of Rurikovich were constantly either on campaigns against the Pechenegs or Byzantium, or staged civil strife and killed each other.

The most famous princes of Kievan Rus were either those who committed fratricide for the sake of the throne, or those under whom the state grew stronger and flourished.

Prince Vladimir the Holy

Ancient Rus' was often shaken by strife, so the first long peaceful time, when one prince ruled Kiev, and his sons revered and lived each in his own lot, entered the annals. These were the times of Prince Vladimir, called the Holy people.

Vladimir Svyatoslavovich was the grandson of Igor Rurikovich. From his father, he received Novgorod, which was considered the most unprestigious inheritance, to rule. Yaropolk got Kyiv, and Oleg - all the Drevlyane lands. After the death of Svyatopolk and Oleg, who was forced to flee from the betrayal of his elder brother, Yaropolk annexed the Drevlyansky lands to Kyiv and began to rule alone.

Prince Vladimir, having found out about this, went to war with him, but his elder brother died not from his hand, but from the hand of a servant who betrayed him. Prince Vladimir sat on the throne and even adopted the son of Yaropolk Svyatopolk.

Not all the great princes of the Rurik family were as concerned for the people as St. Vladimir. Under him, not only schools were built for the children of commoners and a special council was created, which included wise boyars, but fair laws were established, and Orthodoxy was adopted. The baptism of Rus' by Vladimir is a significant event, when people came to God not one by one, but by a whole people. The first baptism took place in the waters of the Dnieper and entered the annals along with other good deeds of the Grand Duke of Kyiv.

Prince Svyatopolk

Vladimir the Red Sun had 12 sons and a nephew Svyatopolk. His eldest son Boris was to become his beloved son and heir to the throne, but when the old prince died, he returned from a campaign against the Pechenegs, and Svyatopolk seized power.

In the memory of the people and in the annals of Kyiv, he remained as Svyatopolk I Yaropolchich the Accursed. The prince received such a nickname for the murder of his cousins Boris, Gleb and Svyatoslav. He also made an attempt on the life of Yaroslav.

Wanting to personally rule Ancient Russia, Svyatopolk the Accursed committed many betrayals and betrayals, so that when Yaroslav gathered an army and went to Kiev (for the second time), he had to flee. From fear, his mind was clouded, and he ended his days in the Bohemian wastelands, forever remaining in the memory of his descendants as a cursed prince who killed his brothers.

Prince Yaroslav

Yaroslav the Wise was one of the most illustrious sons of Vladimir "Red Sun", who received a high people's appreciation and universal love. He was born approximately between 978 and 987. and at first he was the prince of Rostov, then Novgorod, until in 1019 he took the throne of Kiev. Disputes about the date of birth of Yaroslav are still ongoing. Since he was the third son of Vladimir the Holy from his marriage to Ragneda, which took place in 976, he could not have been born in 978, as it is customary to indicate in history books. Examination of the prince's remains indicated that at the time of his death he was between 60 and 70 years old, and not 76 years old.

No matter how much Yaroslav the Wise actually lived, he remained in the memory of the people as a fair, intelligent and brave ruler, although his path to the throne was not easy and bloody. The long reign of Prince Yaroslav in Kyiv until his death erased the memories of civil strife between the numerous sons of St. Vladimir, as well as constant military campaigns. His reign was marked by the introduction of a code of laws into state administration, the construction of two great cities - Yaroslavl and Yuryev, and the strengthening of the influence of Kievan Rus in the European political arena. It was he who began to use dynastic marriages as a fastening of military and friendly alliances between powers.

Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich was buried in St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv.

Prince Izyaslav

The eldest son of Yaroslav the Wise took the throne of Kiev in 1054, after the death of his father. This is the only Rurik prince who ruled Russia ineptly, spending his efforts not on strengthening the borders and increasing the welfare of the people, as his father did, but on feuds with his younger brothers Svyatoslav and Vsevolod.

Izyaslav I Yaroslavich was overthrown by a popular assembly and uprising twice, which in itself speaks of the quality of his rule. Each time he returned the throne of Kiev with the support of the Polish troops. Neither his brothers nor sons made Rus' stronger, preferring defense to attack. Until 1113, unrest and the pulling of the throne from one prince to another reigned in the country.

Vladimir Monomakh

The most famous and significant figure on the throne of Kiev was Prince Vladimir, who received the nickname Monomakh among the people. At one time, he ceded the Kiev throne to his cousin Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, but after the death of the latter, at the request of the people, he took it.

Vladimir Monomakh can be compared with the legendary King Arthur. He was so loved and revered by the people for his courage, justice and generosity that songs and epics were composed in his honor long after his death.

During the reign of Vladimir, Kievan Rus became a truly powerful and strong power, with which all neighbors reckoned. He conquered the Principality of Minsk, and the Polovtsy moved away from the borders of Rus' for a long time. Vladimir Vsevolodovich not only issued laws that make life easier for ordinary people and reduce taxes from them, but also continued the publication of The Tale of Bygone Years. It is in his interpretation that she has survived to this day. In addition, he himself wrote several works, including an autobiography, a set of laws and teachings from Vladimir Monomakh.

Rurik, son of Prince Rostislav

If in the days of Kievan Rus there was a book where various kinds of records would be entered, then Rurik Rostislavich would definitely be there. The following factors distinguished him from other princes of Kyiv:

Neither the date of his birth nor the name of his mother is known, which is considered nonsense for the ruling dynasties. It is known for certain that his father was Prince Rostislav Mstislavich of Smolensk.
He occupied the princely throne in Kyiv 8 times, which in itself speaks either of his stubbornness, or that the people, disliking the prince, overthrew him from the throne every 2-3 years.
He managed to visit not only the ruler of Rus', but also a monk, which had not happened before him with the princes of Kyiv.
His reign brought ruin to the capital city as strong as the subsequent attacks of the Mongol army.
The name of Rurik is associated with both the birth of a dynasty on the throne of Kiev and the fall of a great power.

Rurik Rostislavich remained in the memory of people and chroniclers as a man who ruined Kyiv Orthodox churches worse than barbarians.

Romanov dynasty

If we turn to the history of Kievan Rus, and then the Russian state, one can notice one oddity: members of the ruling families did not have surnames. The Grand Dukes of the Romanov dynasty began to be so called only from 1917, and until that time all the kings, and later the emperors, were called exclusively by their first name and patronymic.

The Romanov dynasty began in 1613, when the first representative of the boyar family, who had this surname for more than 100 years, ascended the Russian throne. Pyotr Alekseevich Romanov, known in history as Peter I, was the last Russian tsar, becoming the first emperor of Russia.

The direct branch of this family ended with his daughter Elizabeth Petrovna, who did not marry and remained childless, being the sovereign empress of the country. The throne passed to the son of her older sister Anna, forming a completely new dynastic surname of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanovsky.

Thus, Pyotr Alekseevich Romanov was the last direct representative of the male line of this surname. Despite this, Russian emperors around the world were perceived as the Romanovs, and after the revolution, the children from the marriages of the descendants of the great royal dynasty left it behind them along with the titles that their ancestors had. She was already called the Grand Dukes by right of birth.

The process of property and social stratification among the community members led to the separation of the most prosperous part from their midst. The tribal nobility and the prosperous part of the community, subjugating the mass of ordinary community members, needs to maintain their dominance in state structures.

The embryonic form of statehood was represented by the East Slavic unions of tribes, which united in superunions, however, fragile ones. Eastern historians talk about the existence on the eve of education Old Russian state three large associations of Slavic tribes: Kuyaby, Slavia and Artania. Kuyaba, or Kuyava, then called the area around Kyiv. Slavia occupied the territory in the area of Lake Ilmen. Its center was Novgorod. The location of Artania - the third major association of Slavs - has not been precisely established.

1) 941 - ended in failure;

2) 944 - the conclusion of a mutually beneficial agreement.

Killed by the Drevlyans while collecting tribute in 945.

YAROSLAV THE WISE(1019 - 1054)

He established himself on the throne of Kiev after long strife with Svyatopolk the Accursed (he received his nickname after the murder of his brothers Boris and Gleb, later canonized as saints) and Mstislav of Tmutarakansky.

He contributed to the flourishing of the Old Russian state, patronized education and construction. Contributed to the rise of the international prestige of Rus'. Established broad dynastic ties with European and Byzantine courts.

Carried out military campaigns:

to the Baltics;

In the Polish-Lithuanian lands;

To Byzantium.

He finally defeated the Pechenegs.

Prince Yaroslav the Wise - the founder of written Russian legislation (" Russian Truth"," Yaroslav's Truth ").

VLADIMIR THE SECOND MONOMACH(1113 - 1125)

Son of Mary, daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine the IX Monomakh. Prince of Smolensk (since 1067), Chernigov (since 1078), Pereyaslavl (since 1093), Grand Duke of Kiev (since 1113).

Prince Vladimir Monomakh - the organizer of successful campaigns against the Polovtsians (1103, 1109, 1111)

He advocated the unity of Rus'. Member of the congress of ancient Russian princes in Lyubech (1097), which discussed the perniciousness of civil strife, the principles of ownership and inheritance of princely lands.

He was called to reign in Kyiv during the popular uprising of 1113, which followed the death of Svyatopolk II. Reigned until 1125

He put into effect the "Charter of Vladimir Monomakh", where interest on loans was limited by law and it was forbidden to enslave dependent people who work off debt.

He stopped the collapse of the Old Russian state. Wrote " teaching", in which he condemned the strife and called for the unity of the Russian land.
He continued the policy of strengthening dynastic ties with Europe. He was married to the daughter of the English King Harold II - Gita.

Mstislav the Great(1125 - 1132)

Son of Vladimir Monomakh. Prince of Novgorod (1088 - 1093 and 1095 - 1117), Rostov and Smolensk (1093 - 1095), Belgorod and co-ruler of Vladimir Monomakh in Kiev (1117 - 1125). From 1125 to 1132 - sole ruler of Kyiv.

He continued the policy of Vladimir Monomakh and managed to maintain a unified Old Russian state. He annexed the Principality of Polotsk to Kyiv in 1127.
He organized successful campaigns against the Polovtsy, Lithuania, the Chernigov prince Oleg Svyatoslavovich. After his death, almost all the principalities are out of obedience to Kyiv. There comes a specific period - feudal fragmentation.

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