Okhotny Ryad street. Contacts History of Revolution Square

Revolution square - one of the central squares of Moscow, located between Manezhnaya and squares in the very heart of the city.

Due to its proximity to the Moscow Kremlin, Revolution Square is one of the most famous Moscow squares, however, by itself it is absolutely of no interest - it is just an empty passageway, which is uninteresting and even unpleasant in places.

Two architectural dominants appeared at the square at once: the former (now it houses the Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812) - a noticeable monument of pseudo-Russian architecture, which overlooks it with a central facade - and the side building ; in fact, most of the area is the widest corridor between them. The architectural ensemble of the square also includes the Metropol hotel located in the neighboring squares, but in fact closing the perspective of the Revolution Square. From the side of the Metropol Hotel, the lobby of the Teatralnaya metro station, surrounded by a replica parodying the Kitaygorodskaya wall with a tower, overlooks Revolution Square; in front of the false wall, a cafe building with a giant summer veranda on a raised podium was erected. In fact, Revolution Square is a typical metro passageway, which could have appeared in any area, but appeared in the historical center, surrounded by architectural monuments.

Near the side building of the hotel "Moskva" there are a number of benches for the rest of the townspeople, but they usually do not sit on them. Fortunately, the square often hosts city festivals, otherwise it would be just a giant asphalt field.

History of the Revolution Square

In the past, the Neglinnaya River flowed through the territory of modern Revolution Square. In the 16th century, the river was dammed at this place, and on its bank there was a mill with flour shops, as well as a number of residential and commercial buildings - in general, a rather chaotic space.

In 1534-1538, the Kitaygorodskaya wall was erected along the left bank of the Neglinnaya, and in 1595 the stone Voskresensky bridge was thrown from here, which breathed new life into the territory: trade annexes grew around it, and the Voskresensky gate became one of the main entrances to Red Square, but in general, the development remained rather chaotic. In 1707-1708, when Moscow was being prepared for a possible attack by the Swedes, by order of Peter I, earthen bastions were erected between the walls of Kitai-Gorod and Neglinnaya.

The formation of the square took place at the beginning of the 19th century: after the fire of 1812, when Neglinnaya was removed into an underground pipe, and the bastions were dismantled, the dilapidated building was demolished, and in its place appeared Voskresenskaya Square, so named after the proximity of the Resurrection Gate of Kitay-gorod.

In 1879, in the northern part of the square, the house of the merchant Karzinkin was built, in which the "Big Moscow Hotel" with a tavern was located: in different years, the institution was visited by Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Anton Chekhov, Ivan Bunin, Alexander Blok and other famous cultural figures. In 1890-1892, the building of the Moscow City Duma in the pseudo-Russian style was built on the site of the former Public Offices, and in 1899-1902 the Metropol Hotel by Savva Mamontov was built.

The formation of the square was completed in 1968-1977, when instead of the preserved historical buildings opposite the pseudo-Russian building of the City Duma, the side building of the hotel "Moscow" arose, and the square actually acquired a modern look.

During the October armed uprising of 1917, fierce battles took place on Voskresenskaya Square, in memory of which it was renamed Revolution square.

Monument to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

It is curious that in 1918 a monument to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels was erected on Revolution Square, which - probably due to the use of short-lived materials - existed for only a few years.

According to the project of the sculptor Mezentsev, the founders of Marxism were depicted behind a high tribune, which resembled a barrel and evoked unhealthy associations: as if Marx and Engels were getting out of a big bath together (this, of course, amused their contemporaries very much). Later in Moscow, separate monuments were erected for each of them, but the pair sculpture never appeared in the city.

Among other things, the entrance to the underground is located on Revolution Square. , built around the foundations of the Voskresensky bridge found during excavations. The checkout pavilion is located near the Moskva hotel opposite the Resurrection Gate.

Revolution square is located in the Tverskoy district of Moscow between Manezhnaya and Teatralnaya squares. You can get to it on foot from metro stations "Revolution square" Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line, "Theatrical" Zamoskvoretskaya and "Okhotny Ryad" Sokolnicheskaya.

Revolution Square is one of the central squares of Moscow. Until 1918, the square was called Voskresenskaya Square, it was named in honor of the Resurrection Gate of the same name.

There is nothing special about Revolution Square, such a simple small square in the center of a gray, polluted city, but ... whatever one may say, this gray and nondescript city is the capital of the Russian Federation, and Revolution Square is one of the central squares of this capital, with an annual visit by thousands of tourists and good statistics on the results of the wordstat. Actually for this reason we are talking about the area on the pages of this blog.

In the photo above, on the right, you can see the corner of a red brick building, it is Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812... There is a yellow building before the museum - the entrance to the metro, just at the metro stations Ploshchad Revolyutsii and Teatralnaya. Further, you can see the former defensive tower made of red brick and part of the Kitay-Gorod wall.

Once upon a time, the Neglinnaya River flowed through the territory of the square, now it is enclosed in a collector.

The Plaza of the Revolution is located on the territory of the Tverskoy district of the city of Moscow directly between and Teatralnaya square. What is there between two squares, it is within walking distance from Red Square, the Kremlin, the Mausoleum, the Eternal Flame and the Alexander Garden.

The easiest and fastest way to get to the square is by metro. You can get off at Teatralnaya, Okhotny Ryad or Revolution Square. If you want to get directly to the square itself, then it is best to choose the Teatralnaya metro station, or the one of the same name - Revolution Square. From Okhotny Ryad station you will have to walk 30 meters.

Speaking of Okhotny Ryad, this station is located on Manezhnaya Square, adjacent to Revolution Square. We talked about the arena square in the previous article, take a look.

The photo shows the Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the exit to Manezhnaya Square

If you turn your back to Revolution Square, you will see theatre square... Also nothing special and beautiful from itself does not represent. At the end of the Theater Square is the famous The Bolshoi Theatre.

A large number of cafes and restaurants in the center of Moscow are concentrated on Revolution Square, with inadequately overpriced prices corresponding to the capital. Here are located such restaurants as Staraya Tower, Godunov, Burgomistr beer restaurant, La Cipolla Italian restaurant, Marinade cafe and many others.

The square overlooks Zaikonospassky monastery and Temple of the Epiphany

Zaikonospassky monastery Moscow is an active Orthodox stavropegic monastery on Nikolskaya Street, in Kitay-gorod. Before the October Revolution, it was a second-class stavropegic uncommunicative monastery and was called Spassky. It was also known as "teacher's" due to the creation of an educational school within its walls, which was then reorganized into the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, which became the basis of the Moscow Theological Academy.

The official website of the Zaikonospassky Monastery: zaikonospasskiy.ru.

Address of the Zaikonospassky Monastery: Russia, 103012, Moscow, st. Nikolskaya, 7-9 (metro Teatralnaya).

Temple of the Epiphany or Epiphany monastery in Moscow - a former male monastery in Kitay-gorod on Bogoyavlensky lane.

If you walk from Revolution Square into the alley behind the walls of the former Kitaygorodskaya fortress wall, you can go to Nikolskaya Street to Nikolsky (Iversky) shopping malls, and from there, turning to the right towards Red Square, the Kremlin and GUM.

Nikolskaya Street is a small pedestrian street, on both sides of which there are Art Nouveau buildings, with shops and restaurants on the ground and basement floors, and in the center there are beautifully shaped benches and lanterns.

Nikolsky shopping arcade has been restored, quite clean and well-groomed, there is something to see. This is perhaps one of the eats in Moscow where we can recommend a walk.

History of Revolution Square in Moscow

Initially, the Neglinnaya River flowed through the territory of the future Revolution Square. In 1516 the river was dammed up. And on this place a water mill and flour shops arose. In the flour shops there was a lively trade in nothing more than flour.

In the 16th century, the first fortifications of the Chinese Wall were built around the future square. In 1534-1538, when the wall was fully erected, Kitay-Gorod arose. The gate itself, called Voskresenskie, opened onto the square itself.

In 1595, at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries, a stone bridge of the same name was thrown across the Neglinka River at the Resurrection Gate. Over time, commercial buildings appeared nearby. Since then, bazaar trade has been carried out on the bridge itself and next to it.

At the beginning of the 1700s, earthen bastions were erected in front of the Kitay-Gorod wall by order of Peter I, which at that time served as fortification and protection in case of a possible Swedish invasion.

In 1741 the Resurrection Bridge was rebuilt. And at the end of the 17th century, the Resurrection Gate was built on with two hipped towers. At the same time, the Iverskaya chapel appeared in front of the gates.

The currently known Revolution Square was formed only at the beginning of the 19th century, when the Neglinnaya River was removed into a pipe, and the bastions were demolished. The square was named Voskresenskaya in honor of the Resurrection gates of Kitay-gorod that overlook it.

Later, the Resurrection Bridge was covered with earth, and to the west of the square, on the site of the river bed, the Alexander Garden was located, which still exists today.

In 1879, on the northern side of the square, the house of the merchant Karzinkin was erected, in which a hotel was soon located. Later, Karzinkin's house was demolished.

In 1890-1892, a new building of the Moscow City Duma was erected on the site of the demolished building. From 1936 to 1993, the building housed the V.I. Lenin. And in 1993 the building was transferred to the State Historical Museum.

In 1917, during the October armed uprising, fierce battles took place on the square. It was in memory of these events that the square was renamed from Voskresenskaya to Revolution Square.

In 1918, a monument to K. Marx and F. Engels was unveiled on Revolution Square, which existed for only a few years, as it was made of short-lived materials.

In 1935, the building of the hotel "Moscow" was built, now the building houses a luxury hotel - Four Seasons Hotel Moscow. In the 1970s, an extension was made to it.

In 1938 the metro stations Sverdlova Square (renamed Teatralnaya in 1990) and Revolution Square were opened, for which a common entrance pavilion was built. The common entrance pavilion of the Moscow metro operates to this day.

In 1997, the Museum of Archeology of Moscow, located underground, was opened between Revolution Square and Manezhnaya Square. One of the main exhibits of the museum is the foundation of the Resurrection Bridge found during excavations.

How we travel cheap!

I thoroughly prepared articles about the Moscow metro, including answering questions of varying degrees of trickyness, and now, in order to be able to answer in an even more convenient way, I will make a kind of insert in the popular format of frequently asked questions. This faq will be useful as a supplement to the following materials about navigation and toponymic problems of the metro.

What are "platform", "station" and "line"?
I didn’t even think that this question could cause difficulties, but for people who regularly use the metro (not only the Moscow metro, all the cancer that we are talking about and will talk about, to one degree or another applies to all metro stations of the Soviet sourdough) and are accustomed to idiotic navigation and an equally idiotic naming system - everything is mixed in a heap.

A station is a stopping point on the route of a train, whose tasks, in the context of the metro, are the possibility of changing the line to continue the journey and enter the city. A platform is an engineering structure designed to provide the ability to stop a train and pick up and drop off passengers. A line is, in general, a collection of stations between which non-stop movement is possible (in fact, not always, but now this is not relevant).

Lines can (and should) intersect and the point of their intersection necessarily there will be a station with platforms, to which the paths of the corresponding lines are connected. One station. With the number of platforms corresponding to the number of lines passing through the station.

What are conversions and how are they classified?
A crossing is a structure that allows the station to perform one of its functions, namely, the ability to change the line and move on. None of the engineering features of the implementation (length, direction, escalators, transit through platforms) do not affect the purpose of the crossing - the ability to change the line. The transition is either there or not.

And why are all these common truths?
And the fact that the tradition of Soviet subways - to give each platform at the station its own name and consider it a separate station - is bad. The whole world, and any other transport in Russia does not suffer from such a disease. Lines to Vladimir, Aleksandrov and Kurovskoye arrive at different platforms of the Orekhovo-Zuevo station, but it never occurred to anyone to give each platform a personal name, and on the Vladimir and Aleksandrovskaya lines there is the Orekhovo-Zuevo station. It's time to start distinguishing between stations and platforms in the metro, and then check out all the convenience of the correct approach to the fullest.

Why is this approach so correct? They called it differently and no one died.
Logic and common sense are dead. First, it's just idiocy. Secondly, it is elementary logic to call the communicating platforms of different lines one station with the same name. When, having arrived at the "station" Library to them. Lenin's man comes out into the city from the lobby with the inscription "Borovitskaya", logic is sick and dies. Thirdly, our metro cannot be used by visitors, especially from abroad, because the rest of the world knows what a station is and does this:

It is more convenient to meet on platforms with different names.
And you can scratch your ass about the turnstile on the bus. A typical example of how people have learned to take advantage of the side effect of a bad decision. Meeting at normal stations, at Paveletskaya, for example, no one gets lost. Clarifications are needed in any case, so a meeting at the Paveletskaya green line is no better and no worse than a meeting at Aviamotornaya near the first carriage from the center or at Kitay-Gorod near the exit to Maroseyka.

The platforms have self-explanatory names. From the name it is immediately clear where you can go to the city from the platform.
It's a bullshit. For such orientation, you need to know Moscow very well. Few Muscovites know the city well, what can we say about the visitors? What does the name "Sportivnaya" mean? From Okhotny Ryad you can go not only to Okhotny Ryad, but also to Bolshaya Dmitrovka. Revolution Square is much closer to the exit from Teatralnaya than from Revolution Square, the exit from Turgenevskaya is on Chistoprudny Boulevard, and so on.

The station design matches the names.
This is probably about "Pushkinskaya" in the main. And in our collective farm on Proletarskaya Street there is a monument to Ryabushinsky, and for some reason this does not bother anyone. There is nothing wrong with the design not matching the title. It is much worse that the design of many metro stations does not correspond to the purpose: wherever you hang the diagram, it still looks like alien shit.

There is no (direct) transition from Okhotny Ryad to Revolution Square at the Okhotny Ryad-Teatralnaya-Ploschad Revolyutsii junction. The same story with "Aleksandrovsky Sad" and "Borovitskaya", which means they are different stations.
The transition cannot be direct, indirect, discontinuous or something else: it either exists or it does not. Tens of thousands of people every day move from the "Revolution Square" to the "Okhotny Ryad": how is this possible if there is no crossing? What, "Teatralnaya" is on the way? Here's another negative effect of naming platforms differently and honoring each platform as an independent station. Through the station, which should logically be called "Red Square", there are three lines: blue, red and green. And people make the transition to the line, and not to the station. If the transition from the red line to the blue one passes, among other things, along the platform of the green line of the same station, then this is the peculiarity of the transition, and in general, anything can be encountered along the way: escalators, platforms of other lines, long and short corridors, turns or stairs. A person who makes a transition from one line to another does not care: he moves from one line to another without changing the station and without leaving the city.

More about "Okhotny Ryad-Teatralnaya-Ploschad Revolyutsii". There is a 400-meter crossing, which means they are different stations. Can't the transition be so long?
Shouldn't, in theory. But it may well be. Yes, for the Moscow metro, the length of the transition from Ploschad Revolyutsii to Okhotny Ryad is a record one. And in the Tokyo metro there is a passage longer than 500 meters, but two stations from this do not appear. The transition performs the task: it makes it possible to change the line at the station. Another example is the Kurskiy Vokzal railway station. To change from the train in the Gorky direction to the train to Podolsk, you need to walk from 200 to 500 meters, while on the way you will come across other platforms, payment control points, and you even have to go to the station building and buy another ticket, but the station does not change. ... It remains the same as Kurskiy Vokzal.

And if a passage is dug from the Alexander Garden to Okhotny Ryad, then the two stations will become one?
The question that plunged me into despair and despair: I cannot imagine the organization of underground pedestrian communication between stations. Precisely by the stations, because the train runs between them. They will remain stations, and in this case, one more metroidiotism will be added - a pedestrian backup of two lines at once. Or the first pedestrian subway line.

At stations, platforms should be parallel and visible. What is this station with perpendicular (or some other) platforms?
Again, the engineering implementation does not affect the assignment. Digging so that all paths are visible and parallel is not only expensive, but also dangerous even for shallow stations. Underground construction offers a lot of freedom to place platforms in three dimensions and they can actually be positioned at 90 degrees one above the other. The purpose of the station does not suffer from this: you can change the line on it in the same way or go to the city.

Okhotny Ryad Street

The name "Okhotny Ryad" speaks of the distant antiquity of this area. The first information about it dates back to the 15th century. Even then, it was densely populated, as evidenced by the two churches that stood here at that time almost side by side: the Church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, built before 1406 (it was in the middle of the square), and the Church of Anastasia, built in 1458 (it stood opposite the exit to Bolshaya Dmitrovka). Both churches had cemeteries. To the north of them, the area was just being developed (there were not long before that arable land, fields, so the first church was designated "at the old fields"); to the south, however, building could not develop, since here, on modern Revolution Square, the Neglinnaya River flowed at that time, which overflowed during floods and during heavy rains and flooded all the space that was subsequently occupied in Soviet times by the Moscow Hotel and the House of the Council Ministers of the USSR.

At the end of the 15th century, along the route of modern Tverskaya Street, a large trade road to Novgorod passed from Red Square, which contributed to the emergence and development of inns and smithies in the described area. Ivan III's decree on the formation of free space at a distance of 110 fathoms from the fortress walls, probably touched it only after the construction of the walls of Kitai-Gorod in 1534-1538, since in the first plans-drawings of Moscow in the 17th century this area is shown as almost undeveloped, occupied by three trade rows: Flour, Zhitny and Malodovenny. These rows ran parallel to the course of the Neglinnaya River and, starting at present-day Tverskaya Street, reached the middle of Teatralnaya Square. Between the flour row, which is closest to the Neglinnaya River, and the middle Zhitny row in the middle of the 17th century, a large road ran from Red Square through the beginning of Tverskaya to the modern Teatralnaya Square, to Teatralny Proezd, to Bolshaya Lubyanka, Sretenka, Meshchanskaya streets and further to the White Sea. This road became a trade road at the end of the 16th century, replacing the old Novgorod road.

From the middle of the 16th century on the northern side of the modern Okhotny Ryad there were courtyards of nobles, which is undoubtedly associated with the move of Ivan the Terrible in 1565 from the Kremlin to the Oprichny Dvor, which was located on Mokhovaya Street on the site of the current university (new building) and its library. At the end of the 17th century, at the corner with Tverskaya Street, there was the courtyard of the boyar Prince Dolgorukov, next to it was the courtyard and the stone chambers of the favorite of the ruler Sophia Alekseevna, boyar Prince V.V. Golitsyn. Near his courtyard, closer to Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, there were the courtyard and stone chambers of the chief of the rifle troops under Peter I - the boyar Prince I. B. Troekurov, and on the site of the House of Unions - the courtyard of the close boyar and governor of Obdorsk (1678) V. S. Volynsky.

In the 1680s, Golitsyn and Troekurov tried to surpass each other in the splendor of the chambers and built the first two-story, and the second three-story stone houses. The chambers of Prince V.V. Golitsyn were especially magnificent. “In his vast Moscow house,” wrote the historian V.O. Klyuchevsky, “everything was arranged in a European manner: in the large halls, the piers between the windows were lined with large mirrors, paintings and portraits of Russian and foreign sovereigns and German geographical maps were hung on the walls. gilded frames; a planetary system was painted on the ceilings, and many clocks and thermometers of artwork completed the decoration of the rooms. The roof of the house was covered with copper sheets; the frames of windows and doors were decorated with stone carvings on the outside. In the house of Prince V. V. Golitsyn, the most educated man of his time, who spoke several foreign languages, there were both passing foreigners of various directions, up to the Jesuits ... inclusive, and the advanced elements of Russian society. " By a strange irony of fate, Prince V.V. Golitsyn found himself in the ranks of the enemies of Peter I, while in spirit he was the person closest to his reforms. As a follower of Sophia, he was convicted by Peter and exiled to Yarensk, then to Pustoozersk, and in 1711 to Pinega, near which he died in 1713. He was buried in the Krasnogorsk monastery.

Since the 16th century, on the other side of the square, that is, on the modern Manezhnaya, there was the Moiseevsky Convent with a cemetery. In the 17th century, the monastery had several huts and stoves along Tverskaya Street, in which the nuns sold pancakes and other food.

The great fire of 1737 destroyed the wooden shops of the flour, Zhitny and Solodovenny rows that existed in Okhotny Ryad, and they were no longer renewed. The place of the shops was seized by the owners of the northern side of the square - princes Dolgorukovs and Gruzinsky (the latter owned the courtyard that had previously belonged to Prince V.V. Golitsyn). In the middle of the 18th century, on this land, there was a wooden “fartina” (tavern), popularly known as “Wooden jump”, and there were wooden “barriers”. In the middle of the square, on the ground of the Church of Paraskeva, even before the fire, since 1732, its stone bell tower stood. Although since 1723 Peter I was forbidden to bury the dead at churches in the city center, cemeteries at the churches of Paraskeva and Anastasia still remained.

After the fire of 1737, on the site where the Moscow hotel appeared in Soviet times, the New Mint was built on the site of 140 burned-out shops. In the middle of the 18th century, it consisted of a stone one-story building near Tverskaya Street ("presence") and a stone barn east of it, which served as a warehouse. The construction of the New Mint here is due to the fact that the monetary yards, where silver and copper coins were minted, transferred from Moscow to St. Petersburg in 1719, were restored in Moscow in 1727, but in a new place. However, the minting of coins in Moscow did not last long, and in 1742 the coinage was again transferred to St. Petersburg. Then the Berg Collegium settled at the New Mint in Okhotny Ryad.

Between the lands of the former trading rows, occupied by the princes Dolgorukov and Gruzinsky and the Church of Paraskeva, and the New Mint from Tverskaya Street, there was Petrovskaya Street about six fathoms wide, paved with wood. From the northwestern corner of the Moscow Hotel, it went diagonally across the square to the southeastern corner of the modern House of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, passed in front of the House of Unions and the Okhotny Ryad metro station, and then crossed the square in front of the Bolshoi Theater diagonally and merged into modern Petrovka street.

When this street crossed to the northeastern part, approximately in the middle of the present-day Okhotny Ryad, an unnamed lane ran straight to the east from it.

Between Petrovskaya Street and this lane, from its beginning to the modern Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, in the middle of the 18th century, there were several wooden shops called "Okhotny Ryad", although the main part of the latter was still on the modern Manezhnaya Square. Along a lane from Bolshaya Dmitrovka to the south to the Neglinnaya River, this Okhotny Ryad was separated from the Church of Anastasia and her cemetery. The lane along the church was called "Nastasinsky".

In the 17th century, Okhotny Ryad was located on the modern Revolution Square, on the site of the present Historical Museum, between the wall of Kitai-Gorod and the Neglinnaya River. But after Peter I in 1707-1708 took this place for earthen ramparts and a ditch, he moved Okhotny Ryad to the modern Manezhnaya Square, to the Moiseevsky Monastery. Here Okhotny Ryad was cramped, and after the fire of 1737, some of its shops were moved to the place of Solodovenny and Zhitny Ryad (opposite the House of Unions), where we find them in the middle of the 18th century. The shops were called "Okhotny Ryad" because they sold chickens, geese and other domestic and wild birds.

In 1745 Okhotny Ryad consisted of 22 small wooden shops (no more than 4 × 5 meters each), standing in three rows. However, the eastern part of the row, near an alley from Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, was already occupied not by shops, but by the courtyard with wooden huts of Prince V. M. Dolgorukov, the owner of the house opposite (the present House of Unions).

The former courtyard of Prince I.B. It belonged to the Guard Major N.F. Sokovnin. The next courtyard, formerly of V.V. Golitsyn, and at that time of the Georgian princes, faced the street with a large stone two-story building in the middle and a small one on the western side; between the one and the other there was a gate. Part of the courtyard to the east of the large building overlooking the street was given to the clergy of the Church of Paraskeva and built up with stone and wooden structures. Finally, the courtyard of Prince A.B.Dolgorukov at the corner of Tverskaya had a stone house church at the very corner, near it a gate and then a stone fence. The chambers of this prince, stone, with wooden wings on the sides, stood in the back of the courtyard, in a row with the former chambers of princes V.V. Golitsyn and I. B. Troekurov.

On the site of the house to the east of the Moskva hotel there was a state-owned drinking house called "Glass", and across Nastasyinsky lane, to the east of it, there were "architects' chambers" - the workshop and school of "architectural" students of the outstanding architect of the mid-18th century D. V. Ukhtomsky. Next to them, opposite Anastasia's church, stood another fartina.

If we add that nearby, on the modern Teatralnaya Square, there was a tavern "Petrovskoe Kruzhalos", then it becomes clear that this place was very funny.

According to the plan of "regulation" of Moscow in 1775, all the buildings between the Mint and the northern courtyards, on the site of the lands seized by the princes in 1737, had to be demolished and "opened" here the square. The shops of Okhotny Ryad were to be demolished, as well as the churches of Paraskeva and Anastasia with bell towers, cemeteries and church buildings.

In 1786, they began to put this plan into execution, for which, first of all, they compensated the princes-homeowners for the lands taken from them with lands in other places. The homeowners, however, argued and the case dragged on. The clergy also argued. By 1793, the church of Anastasia, the bell tower of the Church of Paraskeva and other buildings were only demolished, and the square was "opened". The Church of Paraskeva was not demolished, since “it was strong in all parts and good-looking,” according to Metropolitan Platon's opinion, and stood not in the middle of the square, but to the side. Instead of the demolished bell tower, a new one was added to it from the west.

The Okhotny Ryad shops, of which there were already 41 by 1775, also did not disappear, but were only moved from the middle of the square to its southern side, to the wall of the former Mint. We find them there at the end of the 18th century.

Terrain regulation according to the plan of 1775 continued on the other side of Tverskaya Street. Standing since the 16th century at the corner of Mokhovaya Street, opposite the modern hotel "National", the Moiseevsky Monastery was abolished in 1765, but its churches, cells and other buildings were demolished only in 1789. Nine years after that, in 1798, the shops of the Myasny (Okhotny) row and private yards that stood behind the monastery were demolished, and Moiseevskaya Square was opened here - a small one that remained until 1935, and then entered the territory of Manezhnaya Square.

The Chief of Police of Moscow, Major General P.N. Kaverin, instead of his demolished small courtyard, was given ownership in 1798 of the vast former New Mint (on the site of the Moskva Hotel) on the condition that he would place Okhotny Ryad shops in this courtyard. removed from Moiseevskaya Square. Kaverin fulfilled his obligation, built several rows of wooden benches in the courtyard and placed Okhotny Ryad in them.

The plan of 1805 shows that by this time General Kaverin had built on two floors the corner building of the former "presence" of the Mint, built a third stone building instead of a dilapidated wooden house between two stone ones, three more stone ones - along the western, southern and eastern sides of the courtyard, and along the southern border in two rows of six long wooden buildings. Presumably, Okhotny Ryad was mainly located here.

In the fire of 1812, all the wooden shops of Okhotny Ryad burned down. General Kaverin did not want to renew them and in 1815 sold his yard to the Moscow I-st ​​guild merchant, the owner of a "change shop" (banker) DA Lukhmanov.

He built stone buildings along all the borders of the courtyard - trading rows, inextricably linked with each other. On three sides, in addition to the eastern one, gates led into the courtyard - from Tverskaya, from Okhotny Ryad and from the courtyard of Kurmanleeva on modern Revolution Square. In the south, opposite the last gate, a stone building was erected in the middle of the courtyard. From the west, a wooden canopy adjoined it, "under which fish are traded."

After the Okhotny Ryad Square was formed in 1793 and the bargaining went from its middle to the southern borders, it also moved to the neighboring courtyards; the latter began to be built up with commercial premises, mainly warehouses, storerooms and taverns. On the first floors, there were shops and warehouses everywhere, under them - cellars, and on the second and third floors - housing.

House No. 1 (now Tverskaya Street in its place) was built up on all sides of the courtyard and in the middle.

The neighboring house, No. 3 of the princes of Georgia, was occupied by shops in two buildings facing the street.

House No. 5 (Church of Paraskeva) and house No. 7 (her clergyman) remained unchanged. House No. 9 (formerly of Prince I.B. Troyekurov in the 17th century) in 1815 passed to the Moscow bourgeois society, which used the main building and its outbuildings for rent - for housing and warehouses, and later - for cabs standing in the courtyard.

House number 11 at the corner of Bolshaya Dmitrovka by 1784 was rebuilt by the famous architect MF Kazakov for General-Field Marshal Prince VM Dolgorukov-Krymsky. But the owner died in 1782, and the house was bought in 1784 from his son for a noble club - the "Noble Assembly of the Nobility." Its wonderful Column Hall hosted meetings of nobility, receptions of tsars, charity evenings, concerts and balls. The noble assembly of the nobility is depicted in the story of A. Chekhov "French Ball".

House No. 46 opposite it, on the southern side of Okhotny Ryad (No. 4-44 had shops near the former Mint), belonged to merchants Patrikeevs from the 18th century until the October Revolution, who at the beginning of the 19th century also built up shops and commercial premises.

Next to him, house No. 48 until the 1830s belonged to Lieutenant Colonel Pavlov and was used as a bench. This courtyard was formed in 1818, after the redevelopment of Teatralnaya Square, on the site of a part of Nastasyinsky Lane, which was destroyed at the same time.

The shops in Okhotny Ryad traded mainly in meat, fish, herbs, poultry, live and bat, as well as eggs, etc.

At that time, the best confectionery in the city, Pedotti, and the best bakery in Wessel, were located in the corner building with Tverskaya Street (building now part of Tverskaya Street). There were also two hotels (out of seven that existed in Moscow) - Shevaldyshev and Paris.

Back in 1786, the Tverskoe Kruzhalo (formerly Wooden Leap) fartina, which became famous for its choral songs, was moved to this house. Then it was replaced by the Tsaregrad tavern, named after the Greek owner from Constantinople. In 1848 the tavern was already called "Paris" and was eagerly visited by the Moscow intelligentsia.

Obliquely from this house, on the corner of Moiseevskaya Square, opposite the modern hotel "National", was the famous Pechkina coffee house (later the Novomoskovsky tavern). In the 1830s and 1840s, it was considered the most witty place in Moscow. Herzen, Belinsky, Gogol, Schepkin, Lensky, Mochalov, Sadovsky and others spent their evenings here.

In general, around Okhotny Ryad at that time and later there were the best taverns in Moscow (Egorova, Baranov, Testov, etc.).

Probably, in connection with the permission to occupy the Okhotny Ryad area for the imported market, there is the fact that in the 1820s, on the site of the Okhotny Ryad of the 18th century, between the Church of Paraskeva and the house of the Noble Assembly, the Bird's Ryad appeared - shops and huts with singers' cages birds. Only in 1840 was he removed from here to Trubnaya Square.

In the second half of the 19th century, the trade of Okhotny Ryad flourished so much that the courtyards of houses overlooking the square began to build up with shops and warehouses. This was especially noticeable on house no. 1/12 at the corner of Tverskaya and on house no. 2/10, the former Mint. The first received the superstructure of all two-storey buildings on the third floor and the building of two courtyards formed in it at the beginning of the 19th century with buildings in the middle of them. This was done by the merchant Komissarov, in whose hands the house passed in 1873 and was with his heirs before the revolution.

House No. 2/10 in 1892 passed into the hands of Lukhmanov's heirs and from them to the merchant Zhuravlev, who rebuilt it in order to get more income from the house. Along all four sides of the courtyard were two-storey buildings with cellars, shops on the first floor and storerooms on the second. In the middle of the courtyard, on the site of the cesspools, a well and a shed for the fish trade, he built a huge (26 × 10 yards) two-story building, on the top floor of which there was a tavern. All buildings were completed in 1898. The last act of using this house by the owner was in 1911, under the eastern half of the yard, refrigerators for storing meat, fish, etc. with special refrigerators.

Even earlier, at the end of the 19th century, on Okhotny Ryad Square, opposite the stone shops on its southern side, a row of wooden shops appeared, selling fruits, vegetables and herbs.

House No. 3 opposite, which had belonged for two centuries to the princes and princes of Georgia, in 1889 passed into the hands of the merchant Barakov, who traded in smoked hams.

The "glory" of the Okhotny Ryad merchants was complemented by the "glory" of the Yegorovsky tavern in Okhotny Ryad. It was located in the house number 48 and together with the house belonged since 1868 to the merchant Yegorov. The inn was famous for serving tea "with alimon" and "with a towel." If the visitor expressed a desire to drink tea "with alimon", he was served two glasses of tea with sugar and lemon. If he demanded tea "with a towel", he was given a tea cup, a teapot with boiling water and another small one for making tea, as well as a towel that the visitor hung around his neck. After he drained the first teapot with boiling water, wiping his forehead and neck with a towel, he was served a second, third, etc. Some seasoned merchants, tea lovers, drank several teapots at one sitting, and the towel became wet with sweat.

The "sex" (waiters) in this tavern were dressed in long white Russian shirts, white trousers and belted with a drawstring. However, this was the style of all Moscow taverns.

In 1902, the tavern passed from old Egorov to his son-in-law, Utkin-Egorov, who turned it into a first-class restaurant. Since the courtyard was small and all built up, in 1905 he obtained permission from the City Council to arrange a wine cellar under the square in front of the house. This basement was discovered during the construction of a subway tunnel in 1934.

At the end of the 19th century, in the courtyards and slums of Okhotny Ryad, “cockfighting” was organized by amateurs. Each came with his own cock and let him down to fight the others. Roosters fought, blood oozed, feathers flew, and the audience watched with passion whose rooster would come out the winner, the "fans" sometimes pledged for hundreds of rubles. The contest usually ended with one rooster slaughtering another to death.

Okhotny Ryad was the most unsanitary place in the city center. Perishable meat, fish, greens gave off a stench. The desire of the people of Okhotsk to keep the goods for sale until the last opportunity, washing them or spicing them with various spices, increased the unsanitary conditions. Any sanitary rules were bypassed by bribing the police and agents of the City Council. For example, in house no. 2/10, in 1889, illegal discharge of sewage into the Neglinnaya River was noticed, but no fine was imposed on the violators for this.

In the 1890s, in the same house, traders arbitrarily arranged bird slaughter at their shops. But the City Government not only did not ban them, but even refused to issue a decree regulating the slaughter of birds here ... "in view of the imminent resolution of the issue of arranging a poultry slaughterhouse at the City Slaughterhouses."

The huge profits that merchants received from trade in Okhotny Ryad made it impossible even for the city to buy out this quarter. When the City Council, shortly before the 1914 war, decided to buy it out in order to build a new building for the City Duma here, the Okhotsk residents asked for such a price that they had to give up.

After the revolution, the cleaning of Okhotny Ryad began. In 1924, the wooden benches that stood on the south side of the square, in front of the stone benches, were demolished. In 1930, the Church of Paraskeva was demolished, and in 1936, instead of dirty courtyards with commercial premises on both sides of the square, the monumental buildings of the Moscow Hotel and the House of the USSR Council of Ministers were erected. The first building was built according to the project of Academician A. V. Shchusev, the second - according to the project of Professor Langman. Only the building of the Noble Assembly remained from the old Okhotny Ryad.

From the book Petersburg in street names. The origin of the names of streets and avenues, rivers and canals, bridges and islands the author Erofeev Alexey

LITOVSKAYA STREET This street runs from Bolshoy Sampsonievsky Prospect to Mendeleevskaya Street. On March 5, 1871, the site was named Litovskiy Lane "according to the former name of the barracks of the Moscow Life Guards Regiment" (house No. 1), since the Moscow Regiment

From the book Encyclopedia of Slavic Culture, Written Language and Mythology the author Alexey Kononenko

LIFLYANDSKAYA STREET Liflyandskaya Street runs from the embankment of the Obvodny Canal to the Tarakanovka River. She did not find her current boundaries at once. Initially, from 1770 to 1858, the section between the modern Obvodny and Bumazhnoy canals was included in the Yekateringofskaya street, From the author's book

LOMOVSKAYA STREET The name has been known since 1887 and was given to the city of Nizhniy Lomov, Penza province (now the regional center of the Penza region). The street ran from the Vyborg highway (Engels Avenue) to Udelny Avenue. On May 15, 1965, the name of Lomovskaya Street was

From the author's book

LOPATINA STREET Lopatina Street runs from Kollontai Street to Solidarity Avenue. The name of Herman Lopatin, the first translator of Karl Marx's Capital into Russian, was given to a new street in the Nevsky District on November 10, 1985. Herman Alexandrovich Lopatin (1845-1918)

From the author's book

LOTSMANSKAYA STREET This street runs from the embankment of the Pryazhka River to Repin Square on the western edge of Kolomna. Its name is one of the oldest in St. Petersburg. So it was named on August 20, 1739, after the settlement of pilots of the Admiralty

From the author's book

LUZHSKAYA STREET This street in the Kalininsky district received its name on July 27, 1970. As indicated in the decision of the Leningrad City Executive Committee, "in honor of Luga." By this resolution, several streets in the area known to Petersburgers as the GDR, that is, Citizen Farther Stream, were named after

From the author's book

LVOVSKAYA STREET Lvivska Street runs from Piskarevsky Prospekt to Marshal Tukhachevsky Street. This street has been known since 1914, but its status and boundaries have changed. Initially, it was Lvov prospect. It passed from Lvovskiy lane to the north to Annikov prospect

From the author's book

MAGNITOGORSKAYA STREET Magnitogorskaya Street runs from Shahumyan Avenue to Energetikov Avenue. Its first name - Zubov Lane - was given on March 5, 1871 by the name of the homeowner, the merchant Zubov, who owned several houses south of the present day.

From the author's book

MALYGINA STREET Malygina Street runs from Sredneokhtinsky Avenue to a dead end in the direction of Bolsheokhtinsky Avenue. The original name - Alekseeva Street - has been known since 1828. It existed in this form until the 1920s, although since 1836 it was used in parallel.

From the author's book

MANCHESTERSKAYA STREET The street runs from Engels Avenue to Toreza Avenue. Its original name - Isakov Lane - has been known since 1896 and came from the surname of the owner of the Three Wells dacha, which stood at the beginning of the passage (now in its place are the building of the association

From the author's book

MGINSKAYA STREET The street runs along the southern border of the Volkovsky Lutheran cemetery from the junction of Volkovsky Prospekt and the Volkovka River embankment to Samoilova Street. Its first name - New - has been known since 1933. On July 10, 1950, the street was renamed Mginskaya in memory of the battles

From the author's book

STREET YAKUBOVICH This street is located in the very center of St. Petersburg. It runs between two squares - Isaakievskaya and Truda. Throughout its history, the street has changed its name more than once. The first - Admiralteyskaya Street - was assigned on April 20, 1738. Then the street included the modern

From the author's book

YALTINSKAYA STREET The name of this street in the Moscow region has existed since 1911. It was given through the Crimean city without any connection whatsoever with this part of St.

	Beer Restaurant, Beer Bar, Pub, Beer House
	Beer Cuisine, European Cuisine, Sausages, Steaks, Grill
Chef	Dmitry Titov
	109012, Russia, Moscow, Teatralnaya square, building 5, building 2
	Teatralnaya, Revolution Square, Okhotny Ryad
Landmarks	Red Square, Moscow Kremlin, V.I. Lenin, State Duma, State Academic Bolshoi Theater of Russia, State Academic Maly Theater, State Historical Museum, Museum of Moscow Archeology, GUM, TSUM, Okhotny Ryad Shopping Complex, Metropol Hotel, National Hotel, Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Ararat Park Hyatt Hotel, Hotel Marriott Royal Aurora, Gostiny Dvor
	7 495 983-00-92
Opening hours	11:00 - 24:00 (daily)
Average score	1000-1500 rubles per person
Payment form	Cash, Non-cash, Visa, Master Card
	Yes, free
	Foreign hits of the 70-90s
Parking	There is a large number of paid and free parking lots near the restaurant

road map

Burgermeister beer restaurant

Metro

how to get by public transport to the beer restaurant Burgomister

Underground Theatrical(Zamoskvoretskaya line of the Moscow metro "Green") - The last carriage from the center (if you go from the extreme metro stations: Krasnogvardeyskaya, Domodedovskaya, Orekhovo, Tsaritsyno, etc.) or the first carriage to the center (if you go from the extreme metro stations: Rechnoy Vokzal , Water Stadium, Voykovskaya, Sokol, etc.), exit to the city to the Metropol Hotel, GUM. Go up the escalator, to the left, go out into the city. Go straight for 100 meters. Welcome to the beer restaurant Burgomistr in the very center of Moscow.

Underground Revolution square (Arbasko-Pokrovskaya line of the Moscow metro "Blue") - The last carriage from the center (if you go from the extreme metro stations: Strogino, Krylatskoye, Molodezhnaya, Kuntsevskaya, etc.) or the first carriage to the center (if you go from the extreme metro stations: Shchelkovskaya, Pervomaiskaya, Izmailovskaya, Partizanskaya, etc.), exit to the city to the Metropol hotel, GUM. Go up the escalator, to the right, go out into the city. Go straight for 100 meters. Welcome to the beer restaurant Burgomistr in the very center of Moscow.

by car

how to get to the beer restaurant Burgomister by car

Car by st. Tverskaya- Go to the center, closer to the center, keep to the right lane, at the traffic lights in front of Manezhnaya Square, turn left (only left is allowed there) onto the street. Okhotny Ryad, go in the second right lane, until the first traffic light in front of the Metropol Hotel, turn right at the traffic light. Continue straight for 200 meters. Welcome to the beer restaurant Burgomistr in the very center of Moscow.

Car by st. Mokhovaya- Drive straight, keep to the right lane, at the traffic lights before turning onto st. Tverskaya, go straight along the street. Okhotny Ryad, go in the second right lane, until the first traffic light in front of the Metropol Hotel, turn right at the traffic light. Continue straight for 200 meters. Welcome to the beer restaurant Burgomistr in the very center of Moscow.