A message about the life of Krylov. Ivan Krylov: brief biography of the fabulist. Biography of Krylov: disgrace

Ivan Andreevich Krylov. Born on February 2 (13), 1769 in Moscow - died on November 9 (21), 1844 in St. Petersburg. Russian publicist, poet, fabulist, publisher of satirical and educational magazines.

He is best known as the author of 236 fables, collected in nine lifetime collections (published from 1809 to 1843). The plots of a number of Krylov’s fables go back to the fables of La Fontaine (who, in turn, borrowed them from and Babriy), although there are many original plots. Many expressions from Krylov's fables have become popular expressions.

Father, Andrei Prokhorovich Krylov (1736-1778), knew how to read and write, but “did not study science,” he served in a dragoon regiment, in 1772 he distinguished himself in defending the Yaitsky town from the Pugachevites, then was the chairman of the magistrate in Tver. He died with the rank of captain in poverty. Mother, Maria Alekseevna (1750-1788) remained a widow after the death of her husband.

Ivan Krylov spent the first years of his childhood traveling with his family. He learned to read and write at home (his father was a great lover of reading, after him a whole chest of books passed to his son); He studied French in a family of wealthy neighbors. In 1777, he was enrolled in the civil service as a sub-clerk of the Kalyazin Lower Zemstvo Court, and then of the Tver Magistrate. This service was, apparently, only nominal and Krylov was considered to be probably on leave until the end of his training.

Krylov studied little, but read quite a lot. According to a contemporary, he “attended with particular pleasure public gatherings, shopping areas, swings and fist fights, where he jostled among the motley crowd, greedily listening to the speeches of the common people.” In 1780 he began to serve as a sub-office clerk for a pittance. In 1782, Krylov was still listed as a sub-office clerk, but “this Krylov did not have any business on his hands.”

At this time he became interested in street fighting, wall to wall. And since he was physically very strong, he often emerged victorious over older men.

At the end of 1782, Krylov went to St. Petersburg with his mother, who intended to work for a pension and a better arrangement for her son’s fate. The Krylovs remained in St. Petersburg until August 1783. Upon their return, despite the long-term illegal absence, Krylov resigned from the magistrate with the rank of clerk and entered service in the St. Petersburg treasury chamber.

At this time, Ablesimov’s “The Miller” enjoyed great fame, under whose influence Krylov wrote, in 1784, the opera libretto “The Coffee House”; He took the plot from Novikov’s “The Painter”, but changed it significantly and ended with a happy ending. Krylov took his book to Breitkopf, who gave 60 rubles to the author of the book (Racine, Moliere and Boileau) for it, but did not publish it. “The Coffee House” was published only in 1868 (in an anniversary edition) and is considered an extremely young and imperfect work. When comparing Krylov's autograph with the printed edition, it turns out, however, that the latter is not entirely correct; Having removed many of the publisher's oversights and obvious slips of the young poet, who in the manuscript that has reached us has not yet completely finished his libretto, the poems of “The Coffee House” can hardly be called clumsy, and an attempt to show that newfangledness (the subject of Krylov’s satire is not so much a corrupt coffee house, how much lady Novomodova) and “free” views on marriage and morality, strongly reminiscent of the adviser in “The Brigadier”, do not exclude the cruelty characteristic of the Skotinins, as well as many beautifully selected folk sayings, make the libretto of the 16-year-old poet, despite the uncontrolled characters, a phenomenon remarkable for that time. The “Coffee House” was probably conceived back in the provinces, close to the way of life that it depicts.

In 1785, Krylov wrote the tragedy “Cleopatra” (not preserved) and took it to the famous actor Dmitrevsky for viewing; Dmitrevsky encouraged the young author to continue his work, but did not approve of the play in this form. In 1786, Krylov wrote the tragedy “Philomela,” which, except for the abundance of horrors and screams and lack of action, does not differ from other “classical” tragedies of that time. Little better than the libretto of the comic opera “The Mad Family” written by Krylov at the same time and the comedy “The Writer in the Hallway”, about the latter Lobanov, Krylov’s friend and biographer, says: “I have been looking for this comedy for a long time and I regret that I finally found it.” . Indeed, in it, as in “Mad Family”, apart from the liveliness of the dialogue and a few popular “words”, there are no merits. The only curious thing is the fertility of the young playwright, who entered into close relations with the theater committee, received a free ticket, an assignment to translate from the libretto of the French opera "L'Infante de Zamora" and the hope that "The Mad Family" will be performed at the theater, since it has already been music ordered.

In the government chamber, Krylov then received 80-90 rubles a year, but he was not happy with his position and moved to Her Majesty’s Cabinet. In 1788, Krylov lost his mother, and in his arms was left his young brother Lev, whom he cared for all his life like a father about his son (he usually called him “little darling” in his letters). In 1787-1788 Krylov wrote the comedy “Pranksters,” where he brought to the stage and cruelly ridiculed the first playwright of the time, Ya. according to Grech, the pedant Tyanislov was copied from the bad poet P. M. Karabanov. Although in “The Pranksters”, instead of true comedy, we find a caricature, but this caricature is bold, lively and witty, and the scenes of the complacent simpleton Azbukin with Tyanislov and Rhymestealer could be considered very funny for that time. The “pranksters” not only quarreled Krylov with Knyazhnin, but also brought upon him the displeasure of the theater management.

In 1789, in the printing house of I. G. Rachmaninov, an educated and devoted person to the literary work, Krylov published the monthly satirical magazine “Mail of Spirits”. The depiction of the shortcomings of modern Russian society is presented here in the fantastic form of correspondence between gnomes and the wizard Malikulmulk. The satire of “Spirit Mail”, both in its ideas and in its degree of depth and relief, serves as a direct continuation of the magazines of the early 70s (only Krylov’s biting attacks on Rhythmokrad and Taratora and on the management of theaters introduce a new personal element), but in relation to the art of depiction, a major step forward. According to J. K. Grot, “Kozitsky, Novikov, Emin were only smart observers; Krylov is already an emerging artist.”

"Spirit Mail" was published only from January to August, as it had only 80 subscribers; in 1802 it was published in a second edition.

His magazine business aroused the displeasure of the authorities, and the empress offered Krylov to travel abroad for five years at the government’s expense, but he refused.

In 1791-96. Krylov lived in the house of I. I. Betsky on Millionnaya Street, 1. In 1790, he wrote and published an ode to the conclusion of peace with Sweden, a weak work, but still showing the author as a developed person and a future artist of words. On December 7 of the same year, Krylov retired; the following year he became the owner of the printing house and from January 1792 began publishing the magazine “Spectator” in it, with a very broad program, but still with a clear inclination towards satire, especially in the editor’s articles. Krylov’s largest plays in “The Spectator” are “Kaib, an Eastern Tale”, the fairy tale “Nights”, satirical and journalistic essays and pamphlets (“A eulogy in memory of my grandfather”, “A speech spoken by a rake in a meeting of fools”, “Thoughts of a philosopher according to fashion").

From these articles (especially the first and third) one can see how Krylov’s worldview is expanding and how his artistic talent is maturing. At this time, he was already the center of a literary circle, which entered into polemics with Karamzin’s “Moscow Journal”. Krylov's main employee was A.I. Klushin. “The Spectator”, already having 170 subscribers, in 1793 turned into “St. Petersburg Mercury”, published by Krylov and A. I. Klushin. Since at this time Karamzin’s “Moscow Journal” ceased to exist, the editors of “Mercury” dreamed of distributing it everywhere and gave their publication the most literary and artistic character possible.

“Mercury” contains only two satirical plays by Krylov - “A speech in praise of the science of killing time” and “A speech in praise of Ermolafides, given at a meeting of young writers”; the latter, ridiculing the new direction in literature (by Ermolafide, that is, a person who carries Ermolafia, or nonsense, is meant, as Y. K. Grot noted, mainly Karamzin) serves as an expression of Krylov’s literary views of that time. This nugget severely reproaches the Karamzinists for their lack of preparation, for their contempt for the rules and for their desire for the common people (bast shoes, zipuns and hats with a crease): obviously, the years of his journal activity were educational years for him, and this late science brought discord into his tastes , which probably caused the temporary cessation of his literary activity. Most often, Krylov appears in “Mercury” as a lyricist and imitator of Derzhavin’s simpler and playful poems, and he shows more intelligence and sobriety of thought than inspiration and feelings (especially in this regard, the “Letter on the Benefits of Desires” is characteristic, which, however, remained not printed). Mercury lasted only one year and was not particularly successful.

At the end of 1793, Krylov left St. Petersburg; Little is known about what he was doing in 1794-1796. In 1797, he met in Moscow with Prince S. F. Golitsyn and went to his Zubrilovka estate, as a children's teacher, secretary, etc., at least not in the role of a free-living parasite. At this time, Krylov already had a broad and versatile education (he played the violin well, knew Italian, etc.), and although he was still weak in spelling, he turned out to be a capable and useful teacher of language and literature (see “ Memories" by F. F. Vigel). For a home performance in Golitsyn’s house, he wrote a joke-tragedy “Trumph” or “Podschipa” (printed first abroad in 1859, then in “Russian Antiquity”, 1871, book III), rough, but not without salt and vitality, a parody of classical drama, and through it forever put an end to his own desire to extract tears from the audience. The melancholy of rural life was such that one day visiting ladies found him at the pond completely naked, with an overgrown beard and uncut nails.

In 1801, Prince Golitsyn was appointed governor-general of Riga, and Krylov was appointed his secretary. In the same or the next year, he wrote the play “Pie” (printed in the VI volume of “Collection of Akd. Sciences”; presented for the first time in St. Petersburg in 1802), a light comedy of intrigue, in which, in the person of Uzhima , casually touches upon the sentimentalism that is antipathetic to him. Despite friendly relations with his boss, Krylov resigned again on September 26, 1803. We don’t know what he did for the next 2 years; They say that he played a big game of cards, once won a very large sum, traveled to fairs, etc. For playing cards, he was at one time forbidden to appear in both capitals.

In 1805, Krylov was in Moscow and showed I. I. Dmitriev his translation (from French) of two fables by La Fontaine: “The Oak and the Cane” and “The Picky Bride.” According to Lobanov, Dmitriev, after reading them, said to Krylov: “this is your true family; at last you have found it.” Krylov always loved La Fontaine (or Fontaine, as he called him) and, according to legend, already in his early youth he tested his strength in translating fables, and later, perhaps, in altering them; fables and “proverbs” were in vogue at that time. An excellent connoisseur and artist of simple language, who always loved to clothe his thoughts in the plastic form of an apologist, and, moreover, strongly inclined to ridicule and pessimism, Krylov, indeed, was, as it were, created for a fable, but still he did not immediately settle on this form of creativity: in 1806 he published only 3 fables, and in 1807 three of his plays appeared, two of which, corresponding to the satirical direction of Krylov’s talent, had great success on stage: this is “The Fashion Shop” (finally processed back in 1806). and presented for the first time in St. Petersburg on July 27) and “A Lesson for Daughters” (the plot of the latter is freely borrowed from Moliere’s “Précieuses ridicules”; presented for the first time in St. Petersburg on June 18, 1807). The object of satire in both is the same, in 1807 it was completely modern - the passion of our society for everything French; in the first comedy, Frenchmania is associated with debauchery, in the second it is brought to the Herculean pillars of stupidity; In terms of liveliness and strength of dialogue, both comedies represent a significant step forward, but the characters are still missing.

Krylov's third play: “Ilya Bogatyr, Magic Opera” was written by order of A. L. Naryshkin, director of theaters (staged for the first time on December 31, 1806); despite the mass of nonsense characteristic of extravaganzas, it presents several strong satirical features and is curious as a tribute to youthful romanticism, brought by such an extremely unromantic mind.

It is not known to what time Krylov’s unfinished comedy in verse (it contains only one and a half acts, and the hero has not yet appeared on stage) dates back to: “The Lazy Man” (published in volume VI of the “Collection of Academic Sciences”); but it is curious as an attempt to create a comedy of character and at the same time merge it with a comedy of morals, since the shortcoming depicted in it with extreme harshness had its basis in the living conditions of the Russian nobility of that and later eras.

Krylov did not reach a high position in literature right away; Zhukovsky, in his article “On Krylov’s fables and fables,” written about the publication. 1809, also compares him with I.I. Dmitriev, not always to his benefit, points out “errors” in his language, “expressions contrary to taste, rude” and with obvious hesitation “allows himself” to raise him here and there to La Fontaine , as a “skilled translator” of the king of fabulists. Krylov could not have any particular claim to this verdict, since out of the 27 fables he had written up to that time, in 17 he, indeed, “took both fiction and story from La Fontaine”; on these translations, Krylov, so to speak, trained his hand, sharpened the weapon for his satire. Already in 1811, he appeared with a long series of completely independent (of the 18 fables of 1811, only 3 were borrowed from documents) and often amazingly bold plays, such as “Geese”. “Sheets and Roots”, “Quartet”, “Council of Mice”, etc. The entire best part of the reading public then recognized Krylov’s enormous and completely independent talent; his collection of “New Fables” became a favorite book in many homes, and Kachenovsky’s malicious attacks (“Vestn. Evropy” 1812, No. 4) damaged the critics much more than the poet. In the year of the Patriotic War of 1812, Krylov became a political writer, precisely the direction that the majority of Russian society followed. The political idea is also clearly visible in the fables of the two subsequent years, for example. “Pike and Cat” (1813) and “Swan, Pike and Cancer” (1814; she does not mean the Congress of Vienna, six months before the opening of which she was written, but expresses the dissatisfaction of Russian society with the actions of the Allies). In 1814, Krylov wrote 24 fables, all of them original, and repeatedly read them at court, in the circle of Empress Maria Feodorovna. According to Galakhov’s calculations, only 68 fables fall in the last 25 years of Krylov’s activity, while in the first twelve - 140.

In 1810, he became an assistant librarian at the Imperial Public Library, under the command of his former boss and patron A. N. Olenin; At the same time, he was given a pension of 1,500 rubles a year, which was subsequently (March 28, 1820), “in honor of excellent talents in Russian literature,” doubled, and even later (February 26, 1834) quadrupled, at which point he was elevated to in ranks and positions (from March 23, 1816 he was appointed librarian); upon his retirement (March 1, 1841), “unlike others,” he was given a pension full of his library allowance, so that in total he received 11,700 rubles. Ass. in year.

Krylov has been a respected member of the “Conversation of Lovers of Russian Literature” since its very foundation. On December 16, 1811, he was elected a member of the Russian Academy, on January 14, 1823, he received a gold medal from it for literary merits, and when the Russian Academy was transformed into the department of Russian language and literature of the Academy of Sciences (1841), he was confirmed as an ordinary academician (according to legend, Emperor Nicholas I agreed to the transformation on the condition “that Krylov be the first academician”). On February 2, 1838, the 50th anniversary of his literary activity was celebrated in St. Petersburg with such solemnity and at the same time with such warmth and sincerity that such a literary celebration cannot be mentioned earlier than the so-called Pushkin holiday in Moscow.

Ivan Andreevich Krylov died on November 9, 1844. He was buried on November 13, 1844 at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. On the day of the funeral, friends and acquaintances of I. A. Krylov, along with an invitation, received a copy of the fables he published, on the title page of which, under a mourning border, was printed: “An offering in memory of Ivan Andreevich, at his request.”

Ivan Krylov- Russian publicist, poet, fabulist, publisher of satirical and educational magazines. He is best known as the author of 236 fables.

Krylov’s biography has been very popular for many years, because many of his quotes have become popular catchphrases.

Please note that we have already covered the most. Here you will get acquainted with the features of his work.

We hope that this material will be useful and interesting not only for schoolchildren in grades 3, 5 or 6, but also for all inquisitive readers.

So here's a short one biography of Ivan Krylov.

Brief biography of Krylov

Ivan Andreevich Krylov was born in February 1769 in the family of a poor army officer.

The father of the future fabulist, Andrei Krylov, distinguished himself during the suppression of the Pugachev rebellion, but did not receive any awards.

Having moved to Tver with his wife and two sons, he took the position of chairman of the magistrate, which brought the family an extremely meager income.

Krylov's father died with the rank of captain in 1778. At that time, Ivan was only 9 years old.

Childhood and youth

After the death of their father, the life of the Krylov family became even poorer. Having inherited a huge chest of books from his parent, Ivan re-read them with enthusiasm. This allowed him to temporarily forget about the hardships of life.

Perhaps Krylov would never have received an education due to poverty if it were not for kind neighbors who allowed him to listen to the lessons of home teachers who taught their children.

Thus, Ivan Andreevich learned French.

Several years later, Krylov’s mother and her two sons went to. There she managed to get Ivan a job as a clerk in the government chamber.

Education

Reading Krylov's biography one cannot help but admire his passionate desire. Without receiving any systematic education, he studied independently with extreme persistence.

Constantly reading a lot, he mastered the richest. In addition, Krylov constantly moved among ordinary people and knew their life and manner of expression very well.

At the age of 15, he wrote a short comic opera, composing couplets for it and calling it “The Coffee House.”

It must be said that this was the first literary debut in Krylov’s biography. And although the opera was not very successful, the language of its writing was rich and vibrant.

Creation

When the Krylovs moved to St. Petersburg, the first public theater appeared there at that time. Naturally, the creatively gifted young man immediately visited it, and even became friends with some of the artists. This became an important event in his biography.

Not wanting to waste time on government service, Krylov quits and completely immerses himself in literary activity.

Ivan Krylov in his youth

Having written the tragedy “Philomela,” Ivan Andreevich tried to imitate the classics, which was immediately noticed by critics.

The plot and form of the work were rather banal, but this failure did not bother or stop the young writer.

Krylov then wrote several comedies: “Mad Family”, “Pranksters” and “The Writer in the Hallway”. And although in comparison with “Philomela” these things were of higher quality, none of the listed works still impressed the reader.

Krylov's first fables

The first fables in the biography of Ivan Andreevich Krylov were published without a signature. They appeared in the magazine "Morning Hours" in 1788.

Three works, called “The Shy Gambler”, “The Fate of the Gamblers”, “The Newly Granted Donkey”, remained practically unnoticed, since they contained a lot of sarcasm and causticity, but little skill.

Magazine publishing

In 1789, Ivan Krylov, together with Rachmanin, began publishing the magazine “Mail of Spirits”. However, it was not a success and therefore had to be closed that same year.

After 3 years, with a group of like-minded people, Krylov publishes a magazine called “Spectator”. A year later, the magazine “St. Petersburg Mercury” appeared.

These publications published some of Krylov’s prose works, the most striking of which were the story “Kaib” and the article “A Eulogy to My Grandfather,” which was quite bold for its time, denouncing landowner tyranny.

Dark spots of the biography

Perhaps the authorities began to put pressure on him, or, as some biographers believe, failure in the literary field pushed him to seek happiness in other activities.

One way or another, at this time Krylov almost abandoned writing, and only in 1806 did he return to active literary activity.

Flourishing creativity and recognition

He is already writing quite talented translations of La Fontaine’s fables “The Oak and the Cane,” “The Picky Bride,” and “The Old Man and the Three Young People.”

Also in 1806, Ivan Krylov returned to St. Petersburg and staged the comedy “Fashion Shop”. Next year there will be another one – “A Lesson for Daughters”.

Society greets these productions with great enthusiasm, since in them Krylov also ridicules the French mania that began even before.

In 1809, a serious creative takeoff was observed in Krylov’s biography. The first edition of his fables, consisting of 23 works (among which is the well-known “Elephant and Pug”), is extremely popular.

Since then, Ivan Andreevich Krylov has become a famous fabulist, whose new works are eagerly awaited by the public.

At the same time, he returned to public service, and first entered a prominent position in the Coinage Department, and after 2 years - in the Imperial Public Library, where he worked from 1812 to 1841.

During this period of biography, Ivan Krylov changed a lot. He became complacent and reserved. Moreover, contemporaries noted that he was very calm, ironic and increasingly lazy.

Since 1836, Krylov no longer wrote anything, and in 1838 the literary community solemnly celebrated the 50th anniversary of the fabulist’s creative activity.

In total, more than 200 fables came from the pen of Ivan Andreevich Krylov. In some he denounced Russian reality, in others - human vices, and others were simply poetic anecdotes.

Many of Krylov’s surprisingly accurate and accurate words became part of the colloquial speech and enriched the Russian language.

A brief biography of Krylov does not allow us to fully convey the significance of the fabulist for Russian literature. We can only say that Ivan Andreevich’s lifetime popularity can only be compared with the popularity of, and.

Personal life

There were legends about Krylov's absent-mindedness, careless sloppiness and incredible appetite. Ivan Andreevich was absolutely indifferent to his appearance.

It would seem that such a person could not possibly enjoy the attention of the fair sex. Nevertheless, information from his contemporaries has been preserved, claiming that Ivan Krylov’s personal life, although not stormy, was certainly not absent.

At the age of 22, he fell in love with Anna, the daughter of a priest from the Bryansk district. However, despite mutual feelings on the part of the girl, things did not come to a wedding, since Anna’s relatives were against the marriage.

They were distantly related to and, moreover, wealthy. Therefore, they refused to marry their daughter to the poor rhymer.

But Anna was so sad that her parents finally agreed to give her to Ivan Krylov, which they telegraphed to him in St. Petersburg.

Having received the letter, Krylov calmly replied that he did not have enough time to come to Bryansk, and invited Anna’s parents to bring the bride to him.

Naturally, the girls’ relatives were offended by the answer, as a result of which the marriage never took place.

It is reliably known from Krylov’s biography that many eminent ladies were not indifferent to him. For example, he was loved by a ballerina who was the kept woman of Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich.

Moreover, contemporaries said that Empress Maria Feodorovna herself was very sympathetic to the charming fat man.

And this despite the fact that Ivan Andreevich somehow dared to appear in front of her in a holey boot with a finger sticking out of it, and even sneeze when he kissed the empress’s hand.

Ivan Krylov never married. Officially, he also did not have children, although contemporaries believed that the daughter of his cook, Sasha, was his father.

This is confirmed by the fact that Krylov sent her to a boarding school, and when the cook died, he raised her as his own daughter and gave her a large dowry. Before his death, the fabulist bequeathed all his property and rights to his works to Sasha’s husband.

Death of Krylov

An interesting fact is that there was a version that Krylov died from volvulus due to overeating. In fact, he died from bilateral inflammation.

Krylov's funeral was magnificent. He himself, the second man in the state, suspended one of the students and carried the coffin of the great fabulist.

Many cities and streets are named in honor of Ivan Krylov in Russia and other countries, and his work and biography are briefly studied by schoolchildren in grades 3, 5 and 6.

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Ivan Andreevich Krylov(February 2, Moscow - November 9, St. Petersburg) - Russian publicist, poet, fabulist, publisher of satirical and educational magazines. He is best known as the author of 236 fables, collected in nine lifetime collections (published from 1809 to 1843). Along with the fact that most of the plots of Krylov's fables are original, some of them go back to the fables of La Fontaine (who, in turn, borrowed them from Aesop, Phaedrus and Babrius). Many expressions from Krylov's fables became popular expressions.

Encyclopedic YouTube

• 1 / 5

  Krylov's first translator into Azerbaijani was Abbas-Quli-Aga Bakikhanov. In the 30s of the 19th century, during Krylov’s own lifetime, he translated the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale.” It would be appropriate to note that, for example, the first translation into Armenian was made in 1849, and into Georgian in 1860. Over 60 of Krylov’s fables were translated by Hasanaliaga Khan Karadagsky in the 80s of the 19th century.

  Last years

  At the end of his life, Krylov was favored by the royal family. He had the rank of state councilor and a six-thousand-dollar pension. From March 1841 until the end of his life he lived in the Blinov apartment building on the 1st line of Vasilyevsky Island, 8.

  Krylov lived a long time and did not change his habits in any way. Completely lost in laziness and gourmand. He, an intelligent and not very kind man, eventually settled into the role of a good-natured eccentric, an absurd, unembarrassed glutton. The image he invented suited the court, and at the end of his life he could afford anything. He was not ashamed to be a glutton, a slob and a lazy person.

  Everyone believed that Krylov died from intestinal volvulus due to overeating, but in fact - from bilateral pneumonia.

  Contemporaries believed that the daughter of his cook, Sasha, was his father. This is confirmed by the fact that he sent her to a boarding school. And when the cook died, he raised her like a daughter and gave her a large dowry. Before his death, he bequeathed all his property and rights to his compositions to Sasha’s husband.

  Recognition and adaptations

  • Krylov had the rank of state councilor, was a full member of the Imperial Russian Academy (since 1811), and an ordinary academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the Department of Russian Language and Literature (since 1841).

  Perpetuation of the name

  • There are streets and alleys named after Krylov in dozens of cities in Russia and the countries of the former USSR and in Kazakhstan
  • Monument in the Summer Garden of St. Petersburg
  • In Moscow, near the Patriarch's ponds, a monument to Krylov and the heroes of his fables was erected
  • In St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl and Omsk there are children's libraries named after I. A. Krylov

  In music

  I. A. Krylov’s fables were set to music, for example, by A. G. Rubinstein - the fables “The Cuckoo and the Eagle”, “The Donkey and the Nightingale”, “The Dragonfly and the Ant”, “Quartet”. And also - Yu. M. Kasyanik: vocal cycle for bass and piano (1974) “Krylov’s Fables” (“Crow and Fox”, “Pedestrians and Dogs”, “Donkey and Nightingale”, “Two Barrels”, “Triple Man” ").

  Essays

  Fables

  Alcides Apelles and the foal Poor rich man Atheists Squirrel (two known fables about a squirrel) The Rich Man and the Poet Barrel Razors Bulat Cobblestone and Diamond Kite cornflower Nobleman Nobleman and Poet Nobleman and Philosopher Divers Waterfall and Stream Wolf and Wolf Cub Wolf and Crane Wolf and Cat Wolf and Cuckoo Wolf and Fox Wolf and Mouse Wolf and Shepherds Wolf and Lamb Wolf at the kennel Wolves and Sheep Crow Crow and Chicken

  Krylov Ivan Andreevich- Russian writer, poet, publicist, translator, fabulist, publisher of satirical magazines. He is better known to a wide circle of readers as the author of fables.

  Years of life: born in Moscow (according to an unofficial version in the Trinity Fortress, now the city of Taganrog) - February 13, 1769- died November 21, 1844 in St. Petersburg. Died at the age of 75.

  Main periods of life.

  1773-1775– lives with his mother in Orenburg. His father serves near Orenburg and many researchers suggest that Captain Krylov became the prototype of Captain Mironov from the story “The Captain's Daughter”. Personal conversations between A. S. Pushkin and I. A. Krylov about the childhood of the fabulist helped Pushkin reliably describe the life and historical moments of the Pugachev uprising.

  1774-1783- Krylov’s father resigns and goes to Tver with his family. Little Vanya is educated at home. After his father’s death, he began working as a clerk in court, and after moving to St. Petersburg, he received the position of a minor official in the Treasury Chamber. Actively engaged in self-education.

  1805 – I. A. Krylov draws inspiration from the satirists of the past - the founder of the fable genre, Aesop, and the later, Jean de La Fontaine. First, he translates La Fontaine's fables, and then writes his own instructive and sometimes accusatory fables. The heroes of these satirical pamphlets, through their actions, exposed the vices of officials and statesmen. And it was in this field that I. A. Krylov achieved unprecedented success and fame.

  1824– Krylov’s fables are published in French translation. The author leaves behind an impressive legacy - more than 200 fables and other works of the writer have been written.

  1812-1841– For 30 years, I. A. Krylov has been serving in the Public Library. The result of his activities as a librarian was the preservation and collection of unique publications and the compilation of a Slavic-Russian dictionary.

  Personal life of I. A. Krylov.

  The writer never tied the knot in his entire life, but there was an unsuccessful attempt to marry Anna Alekseevna Konstantinova. The bride's family did not want a poor and ignorant groom, and did not agree to the wedding. There is unconfirmed information that he did have an illegitimate daughter, Alexandra, whom he raised after the death of her mother.

  Curious facts from the biography.

  • Ivan Andreevich loved to eat heartily, and therefore there were jokes on this topic in society.
  • He had a strange urge to see fires.
  • He was passionate about gambling and lost fabulous sums in both capitals.
  • Loved attending cockfights.
  • He knew how to quickly react to attacks in his direction, and responded to his opponent with caustic and witty phrases.

  Brief information about Ivan Andreevich Krylov.

  Krylov Ivan Andreevich (1769 - 1844) - Russian publicist, poet, fabulist, publisher of satirical and educational magazines. Biography of Krylov is not remarkable in anything special, although, like all biographies of great people, it has its own interesting nuances.

  Brief biography of Krylov

  Having lived 75 years, Ivan Krylov gained worldwide fame as the author of 236 fables. Many quotes from his fables have become catchphrases. But first things first.

  Childhood and youth

  Krylov was born on February 13, 1769 in Moscow, in the family of a retired army officer. He served as a minor official in the treasury chamber. He never received a proper education, although he was constantly engaged in self-education, studying literature and mathematics, French and Italian. In 1777–1790 a young official tries his hand at the dramatic field.

  In 1789, Krylov published the magazine “Mail of Spirits”, in which he published satirical messages exposing the abuses of government officials.

  In 1792, Krylov retired, published the satirical magazine “Spectator” in the printing house he bought, and in the same year his story “Kaib” was published. Engaged in political satire, Krylov continues the work of N.I. Novikova.

  However, his work displeased Catherine II, Krylov had to leave St. Petersburg for a while and live in Moscow, and then in Riga.

  The formation of the future fabulist

  In 1805, Krylov translated two fables by the French fabulist La Fontaine. This began his activity as the most famous Russian fabulist. He continued to engage in this work until the end of his days, despite the considerable success in drama of his works such as “Fashion Shop”, “Lesson for Daughters” and “Pie”.

  Portrait of Krylov

  In 1809, the first book of fables of his own composition was published. It was then that real fame came to him for the first time.

  Krylov’s biography included many honors. He was a respected member of the “Conversation of Lovers of Russian Literature” from its very foundation.

  In 1811 he was elected a member of the Russian Academy, and on January 14, 1823 he received a gold medal from it for literary merits. When the Russian Academy was transformed into the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences (1841), he was approved as an ordinary academician.

  In 1812–1841 He served as assistant librarian at the Imperial Public Library for almost thirty years. In general, Krylov’s biography is notable for the books that he passionately loved.

  From a human point of view, it should be emphasized that Krylov was a very well-fed man, he loved to eat a lot and sleep a lot. However, he loved the Russian people even more.

  Driving around the vast expanses of his homeland, he wrote wonderful fables, noticing the subtlest features of human behavior.

  Death and folk memory

  Ivan Andreevich Krylov died on November 9, 1844. He was buried on November 13, 1844 at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

  Anecdotes about his amazing appetite, slovenliness, laziness, love of fires (the fabulist was unusually attracted to fires), amazing willpower, wit and popularity are still known.

  We hope that a short biography of Krylov will help you understand the main points of the life of the great Russian writer.

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