Speech therapy portal / Planning / Fairy tales by saltykov shchedrin list of fairy tales summary. Wise squeaker. The last years of the writer's life

Fairy tales by saltykov shchedrin list of fairy tales summary. Wise squeaker. The last years of the writer's life

05.07.2020

Saltykov - Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich ( real surname Saltykov, pseudonym N. Shchedrin) (1826-1889), writer, publicist.

Born on January 27, 1826 in the village of Spas-Ugol, Tver province, in an old noble family. In 1836 he was transferred to the Moscow Noble Institute, from where, two years later, for excellent studies, he was transferred to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.

In August 1844 Saltykov joined the office of the Minister of War. During this, his first novellas, "The Contradiction" and "The Confused Business," were published, which aroused the anger of the authorities.

In 1848 Saltykov-Shchedrin was exiled to Vyatka (now Kirov) for his "harmful way of thinking", where he received the post of a senior official on special assignments under the governor, and after a while - an adviser to the provincial government. Only in 1856, in connection with the death of Nicholas I, the restriction on residence was lifted.

Returning to St. Petersburg, the writer resumed his literary activity, while working in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and participating in the preparation of the peasant reform. In 1858-1862. Saltykov served as vice-governor in Ryazan, then in Tver. Having retired, he settled in the capital and became one of the editors of the Sovremennik magazine.

In 1865 Saltykov-Shchedrin returned to civil service: headed at different times the state chambers in Penza, Tula, Ryazan. But the attempt was unsuccessful, and in 1868 he agreed with the proposal of N. A. Nekrasov to enter the editorial office of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, where he worked until 1884.

A talented publicist, satirist, artist, Saltykov-Shchedrin in his works tried to direct Russian society to the main problems of that time.

"Provincial Essays" (1856-1857), "Pompadours and Pompadours" (1863-1874), "Poshekhonskaya antiquity" (1887-1889), "Tales" (1882-1886) stigmatize theft and bribery of officials, cruelty of landowners, tyranny of chiefs. In the novel The Lord Golovlevs (1875-1880), the author depicted the spiritual and physical degradation of the nobility in the second half of the 19th century. In The History of a City (1861-1862), the writer not only satirically showed the relationship between the people and the authorities of the city of Foolov, but also rose to criticism of the ruling elite of Russia.

Konyaga, unlike his brother, has to work in difficult conditions. The brother is only amazed at the vitality of the Konyaga - nothing can get him through.

Konyaga's life is not easy, all that is in it is hard everyday work. That work is tantamount to hard labor, but for Konyaga and the owner, this work is the only way to earn a living. With the owner, however, I was lucky: the man does not beat in vain, when it is very difficult - he supports with a shout. He lets out a skinny horse to graze on the field, but Konyaga uses this time to rest and sleep, despite the painfully stinging insects.

For all, nature is a mother, for him alone she is a scourge and torture. Every manifestation of her life is reflected on him by torture, every flowering - by poison.

His relatives pass by dozing Konyaga. One of them, Wasteland, is his brother. Konyag's father has prepared a hard fate for his uncouthness, and the polite and respectful Wasteland is always in a warm stall, feeding not on straw, but on oats.

Empty dancer looks at Konyaga and wonders: there is nothing to penetrate him. It would seem that already the life of Konyaga should end from such work and food, but no, Konyaga continues to pull the heavy yoke that has fallen to his lot.

In this article, it is not possible to consider all the "fabulous" heritage of M.Ye. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Therefore, only the most famous "fabulous" works of the author of the work "Lord Golovlev" will be analyzed and retelled.

The list is as follows:

"The story of how one man fed two generals" (1869).
The Wild Landowner (1869).
"The Wise Piskar" (1883).

"The tale of how one man fed two generals" (1869)

The plot is simple: two generals magically got on. At first they did nothing, but then they got hungry, and the need drove them to reconnaissance. The generals discovered that the island is rich in all sorts of gifts: vegetables, fruits, animals. But, since they had served all their lives in offices and did not know anything except “please register”, they don’t care whether these gifts are present or not. Suddenly one of the generals suggested: probably somewhere on the island there is a man lying idle under a tree. Their general task is to find him and make him work. No sooner said than done. And so it happened. The generals harnessed the peasant, like a horse, to work, and he hunted for them, plucked fruits from the trees for them. Then the generals got tired and forced the peasant to build a boat for them and drag them back to So the peasant did, and received a "generous" reward for this, which he accepted with gratitude and departed back to his island. This is summary... Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote inspired fairy tales.

Everything is simple here. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin ridiculed the ignorance of the Russian elite of that time. The generals in the tale are impenetrably stupid and helpless, but at the same time they are arrogant, arrogant and do not appreciate people at all. The image of the "Russian peasant", on the other hand, is written out by Shchedrin with special love. An ordinary person of the 19th century in the portrayal of the author is resourceful, savvy, knows how and can do everything, but at the same time he is not at all proud of himself. In a word, the ideal of a person. This is a summary. Saltykov-Shchedrin created ideological tales, one might even say ideological ones.

"The Wild Landowner" (1869)

The first and second fairy tales considered in this article have the same publication years. And this is no accident, because they are also related by the theme. The plot of this story is completely usual for Shchedrin and therefore absurd: the landowner was tired of his peasants, he thought that they were spoiling his air and his land. The master literally went mad on the basis of property and kept praying to God that he would save him from the "stinking" peasant. The peasants were also not too sweet to serve with such a strange landowner, and they prayed to God that he would save them from such a life. God took pity on the peasants and wiped them off the face of the landlord's land.

At first everything went well for the landowner, but then his supplies of food and water began to run out, and every day he became more and more wild. It is also curious that at first guests came to him and praised him when they found out how he famously got rid of this hated "man's smell" in the air. One trouble: together with the man, all the food disappeared from the house. No, the man did not rob the master. It's just that the Russian aristocrat himself, by his nature, is not adapted to anything and is not able to do anything.

The landowner became more and more wild, and the surrounding area more and more came to desolation without a man. But then a school of men flew over it and landed their troops on this land. Products appeared again, life went right again.

By that time the landowner had gone into the woods. Even forest animals were condemned for the expulsion of the peasant landowner. So it goes. It all ended well. The landowner was caught in the woods, cut and even taught to use a handkerchief again, but he still missed the will. Life on the estate now oppressed him. This is how you can end the summary. Saltykov-Shchedrin created fairy tales that are truthful and filled with moral meaning.

It almost coincides with the previous tale of two generals. The only thing that seems curious is the landowner's longing for free will, for the forests. Apparently, in the opinion of the author of the work, the landowners themselves unconsciously suffered from the loss of the meaning of life.

"The Wise Squeaker" (1883)

Piskar tells his story. His parents lived a long life and died a natural death (a great rarity among small fish). And all because they were very careful. The hero's father told him many times the story of how he almost got into the ear, and only a miracle saved him. Under the influence of these stories, our clerk pulls out a burrow for himself somewhere and hides there all the time on the basis of "no matter what happens." Selected only at night, when it is least likely to be eaten. So he lives. Until he becomes old and dies, most likely his own death. This is a summary.

Saltykov-Shchedrin: fairy tales. Ideological content

The last tale on our list is much richer in its ideological content than the two previous ones. This is not even a fairy tale, but a philosophical parable with existential content. True, it can be read not only existentially, but also psychoanalytically.

Psychoanalytic version. Piskar was scared to death by the miraculous rescue of his father from the boiling cauldron. And this traumatic situation cast a shadow over his entire subsequent life. We can say that the squeaker was not outliving his own fear, and it was traced by someone else's, parental phobia.

Existential version. To begin with, the word "wise" is used by Shchedrin in the exact opposite sense. The whole strategy of the squeaker's life teaches how to live it is impossible. He hid from life, did not follow his path and destiny, so he lived, though long, but empty.

A general flaw in the school curriculum

When a writer becomes a classic, they immediately begin to study him in schools. It flows into school curriculum... And this means that those that Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote, fairy tales are studied at school (the short content is most often chosen for reading by modern schoolchildren). And this in itself is not bad, but this approach simplifies the author and makes him a writer of two or three works. In addition, it creates standard and template human thinking... And schemas are usually not conducive to developing the ability to think creatively. What the school should ideally teach.

How can you avoid this? Very simple: after reading this article and familiarizing yourself with the topic “Saltykov-Shchedrin. Fairy tales. Summary plot and ideological content ”, it is imperative to read as many of his works that are outside the school curriculum.

Konyaga's life is not easy, all that is in it is hard everyday work. That work is tantamount to hard labor, but for Konyaga and the owner, this work is the only way to earn a living. True, I was lucky with the owner: the peasant doesn’t beat in vain, when it’s very hard - he supports me with a shout. He lets out a skinny horse to graze on the field, but Konyaga uses this time to rest and sleep, despite the painfully stinging insects.

For all, nature is a mother, for him alone she is a scourge and torture. Every manifestation of her life is reflected on him by torture, every flowering - by poison.

His relatives pass by dozing Konyaga. One of them, Wasteland, is his brother. Konyaga's father has prepared a hard fate for his uncouthness, and the polite and respectful Wasteland is always in a warm stall, feeding not on straw, but on oats.

Empty dancer looks at Konyaga and wonders: nothing can penetrate him. It would seem that already Konyaga's life should end from such work and food, but no, Konyaga continues to pull the heavy yoke that has fallen to his lot.

Summary of the tale of Saltykov-Shchedrin "Horse"

main characters

Wise squeaker- "enlightened, moderate liberal", lived for more than a hundred years in fear and loneliness.

Piskar's father and mother

“Once upon a time there was a squealer. Both his father and mother were smart. " Dying, the old squeaker taught his son "to look both ways." The wise squeaker understood that dangers lie in wait around him - a large fish can swallow, cut the cancer with claws, torture a water flea. The squeaker was especially afraid of people - even his father once almost hit his ear.

Therefore, the squeaker carved a hole for himself, into which only he could get. At night, when everyone was asleep, he went out for a walk, and in the afternoon - "sat in a hole and trembled." He didn’t sleep enough, didn’t eat enough, but avoided danger.

One day the piscard dreamed that he had won two hundred thousand, but when he woke up, he found that half of his head had "protruded" out of his hole. Almost every day, danger awaited him at the hole and, avoiding another, he exclaimed with relief: "Glory to you, Lord, I'm alive!" ".

Fearing everything in the world, the piskar did not marry and had no children. He believed that earlier “the pikes were kinder and they didn’t shave at us, small fry,” so his father could still afford a family, and he “could only live by himself”.

The wise clerk lived in this way for more than a hundred years. He had neither friends nor relatives. "He doesn't play cards, doesn't drink wine, doesn't smoke tobacco, doesn't chase after red girls." Already the pikes began to praise him, hoping that the squirrel would listen to them and get out of the hole.

"How many years have passed after a hundred years - it is not known, only the wise squealer began to die." Reflecting on his own life, the piscari understands that he is "useless" and if everyone lived like this, then "the whole piscari family would have passed away long ago." He decided to get out of the hole and "float along the whole river with a gogol," but again he was frightened and trembled.

Fish swam past his hole, but no one was interested in how he lived until he was a hundred years old. Yes, and no one called him wise - only "idiot", "fool and shame".

Piskar falls into oblivion, and then he again dreamed of a long-standing dream, how he won two hundred thousand, and even "grew by a whole half a quarter and swallows pike himself." In a dream, the squeaker accidentally fell out of his hole and suddenly disappeared. Perhaps the pike swallowed him, but "most likely, he himself died, because what sweetness is it for a pike to swallow a sick, dying squirrel, and besides, a wise one?" ...

Conclusion

In the fairy tale "The Wise Piskar" Saltykov-Shchedrin reflected a contemporary social phenomenon widespread among the intelligentsia, which was concerned only with its own survival. Despite the fact that the work was written over a hundred years ago, it does not lose its relevance today.