Various options for alternating rhymes are considered

rhyme- the order of alternation of rhymes in the verse.
Below are the main ways of rhyming:

Adjacent rhyme "AABB" - the first line rhymes with the second, the third with the fourth, and so on.

So that a comrade carries friendship along the wave ´ m, -
We are a crust of bread - and that in half ´ m!
If the wind is an avalanche, and the song is lavi ´ Noah,
Half for you, and half for me on!
(A. Prokofiev)

Cross rhyming "ABAB"

Oh, there are unique words ´ ,
Who said them - spent too much ´ go,
Only blue is inexhaustible ´
Heavenly and Mercy Bo ´ ha.
(A. Akhmatova)

Ring rhyme (encircling, encircling) "ABBA"

The hop is already drying up on you Not.

Behind the farms, on the melon X,
In the soft rays of the sun X
Bronze dyed blush ´ neither…
(A. Bunin)

Idle rhyme "ABCB" - the first and third lines do not rhyme.

The grass is green

sunshine shine T,
Swallow with spring
Fly to us in the canopy T.
(A.N. Pleshcheev)

Hyperidle rhyme "ABAS"

The second and fourth lines do not rhyme. The absence of a traditional rhyme at the end of a quatrain leads to the effect of deceiving rhyming expectation. Used quite rarely.

It was in the dark ´ me,
Whether I wake up, in a dream - I don’t know.
At night I put my foot in the str ´ me
And gave the stallion the reins.
(Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky)

Mixed rhyme (freestyle)- a way of alternation and mutual arrangement of rhymes in complex stanzas. The most famous forms: octave, sonnet, rondo, terza rima, triolet, limerick etc... Mixed rhyming example:

Does the beast roar in the deaf forest,
Does the horn blow, does the thunder rumble,
Does the maiden sing beyond the hill -
For every sound
Your response in the empty air
You suddenly give birth.
(A.S. Pushkin)

TERZA RIMA- a series of three lines with rhyming ABA BCB CDC

Earthly life having passed halfway ´ us,
I found myself in a dark forest ´ ,
Having lost the right path in the darkness of the share ´ us.

What was he, oh, how to pronounce ´ ,
That wild forest, dense and threatening ´ schey,
Whose old horror I carry in my memory ´ !

He is so bitter that death is almost weak ´ more.
But, having found good in it forever,
I'll tell you about everything that I saw in this cha ´ more…
(A. Dante)

LIMERICK- five lines written in anapaest with the rhyme AABBA.
In limericks, lines 3 and 4 have fewer syllables than lines 1, 2 and 5.

Once upon a time there was an old man at the pier ´ la,

Whose life is depressing ´ la.
They gave him salo that
And played a dream that,
And make him feel a little better ´ lo.
(E. Lear)

TRIOLET- octet with rhyme ABAA ABAB, where lines A and B are repeated as refrains.

You flashed like a vision
Oh, youth, my fast,
One big delusion!
You flashed like a vision
And I'm left with regret
And the later wisdom of the serpent.
You flashed like a vision -
Oh, my youth is swift!
(Konstantin Balmont)

MONORIM- a poem or part of it that uses one rhyme (or with a "monotonous rhyme" as defined by A.P. Kvyatkovsky)

(AAAA, AA-BB-SS…).

And recently two gas ´ whether
Called and booked ´ whether:
- Really, in fact ´ le,
All burnt karuse ´ whether?..

(Korney Chukovsky, "Telephone")

Monorims also include: gazelle, qasida, mesnevi, fard ... Examples of fards:

Hope - a solar thread - for happiness people weave T;
If you manage to save a ray - good luck the days will come T.
* * *
Let bad rumors seal your house without disturbing ´ lives;
You do not answer evil with evil - it is only grief ´ lives.
* * *
Our path on earth is not long, its cover is thorny V…
But everyone hears in the mist of good the eternal hell V.

(Abdurrahman Jami)

RUBAI- rhyming in oriental poetry according to the scheme AABA.

In the cradle - a baby, a dead man in a coffin:
That's all that is known about our fate.
Drink the cup to the bottom and do not ask much:
The master will not reveal a secret to a slave.
(Omar Khayyam)

PANTORIFMA (pantorim)- a verse in which all words rhyme with each other.

drunk ´ no sm ´ ly be G,
Oveva ´ no be ´ ly dream G,
Re ´ Jute shu We silence ´ ,
Not ´ reap do We about spring ´ .
(Valery Bryusov)

And here are examples of perfect pantorhymes:

Sky alive -
don't be homeless.

The poet's way is mine -
By the stage of darkness.

Rhyming 4 + 4 ("square rhyming")- rhyming of two quatrains according to the scheme: ABCD ABCD

And then summer said goodbye
With a station. Taking off your hat
One hundred blinding photographs -
At night I took a picture of thunder.

The brush of lilac froze. In it
Time he, having picked up an armful
Lightning, from the field they trafil
Illuminate the management house.
(Boris Pasternak)

Rhyming 3 + 3 ("triangular rhyming")- rhyming of two three-verses with each other according to the scheme ABC ABC

And then I dreamed of mountains -
In white robes
rebellious peaks,

And crystal lakes
At the foot of the giants
And desert valleys...
(V. Nevsky)

Rhyming is like a game of dice: you can put two yellow ones side by side, then two red ones, or alternate them ... There are many combinations.

But there are "classical" ways of rhyming, about which modern poets(with and without quotation marks) are sometimes forgotten, and some beginner piits may have a very vague idea about these ready-made forms.

So, rhyme- This is the order of alternation of rhymes in a verse.

Since we are talking about rhyming, we can’t do without the concept of “stanza”.

STANZA- a group of poems with a given number of lines and an arrangement of rhymes, usually repeated in other similar groups. In most cases, a stanza is a complete syntactic whole.

Types of stanzas: couplet (distich), three-line (tercet), quatrain (quatrain), five-line, six-line (sextine), seven-line (septima), eight-line (octave). In addition, there are stable forms of stanza traditionally associated with a certain genre: ballad stanza, odic stanza, limerick, etc. A special place is occupied by the invented A.S. Pushkin's Onegin stanza, which, in addition to "Eugene Onegin", wrote, for example, a poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Tambov treasurer". In the poetry of different nations there are other types of stable stanzas.

One of the most popular stanzas in Russian poetry is the quatrain. The following rhyming schemes can be used in a quatrain.

1. Adjacent rhyme "AABB".

So that a comrade carries friendship through the waves, - (A)

We are a crust of bread - and that in half! (A)

If the wind is an avalanche, and the song is an avalanche, (B)

Half for you and half for me! (IN)

(A. Prokofiev)

2. Cross rhyming "ABAB".

Oh, there are unique words, (Ah)

Who said them - spent too much, (B)

Only blue is inexhaustible (A)

Heavenly and mercy of God. (IN)

(A. Akhmatova)

3. Ring rhyme (covering, encircling) "ABBA"

The hops on the tyne are already drying up. (A)

Behind the farms, on the melons, (B)

In cool sunshine (B)

Bronze melons turn red ... (A)

(A. Bunin)

4. Idle rhyme- in the stanza, in addition to rhyming lines, there are unrhymed lines.

Most often, the first and third verses do not rhyme - "ABCB". And you can, on the contrary, leave the second and fourth verses without rhyming - “AVAS”.

N.B. Russian poets borrowed idle rhyming from German poetry in the 19th century. It is known that G. Heine often used just such a method of rhyming (at that time his poems were translated into Russian in large numbers). For example:

Raging curls on her shoulders, (A)

Like tar rivers. (IN)

From these huge clear eyes (C)

The spirit in the person will be engaged. (IN)

So idle rhyming is not a shortcoming of the poem at all. Read the classics, gentlemen!

In the poetry of the 20th century and the present, such schemes are also not uncommon.

5. Mixed rhyme (freestyle)- a way of alternation and mutual arrangement of rhymes in complex stanzas.

Mixed rhyming example (AAABAB):

Does the beast roar in the deaf forest, (A)

Does the horn blow, does the thunder rumble, (A)

Does the maiden sing over the hill - (A)

For every sound (B)

Your response in the empty air (A)

You suddenly give birth. (IN)

(A.S. Pushkin)

Historically, a number of "solid strophic forms" have developed - stable strophic schemes of poetic texts.

The solid form is an intermediate link between the standard stanza and the genre. This is a special stanza or collection of stanzas of a certain size, sometimes with the order of rhymes or verses established by tradition. It is often associated with a specific topic and then approaches the genre. For example, both a special kind of complex stanza (consisting of simple stanzas) and a genre can be called a sonnet. Such strophic schemes include: tertsina, octave, triolet, classical ballad, various types of rondo, limerick (in Europe), rubaiyat, tanka and haiku (in Asia), etc. In Russian poetry, the Onegin stanza belongs to them.

TERZA RIMA- a series of three lines with rhyming ABA BCB CDC... ("The Divine Comedy" by Dante).

Having passed half of earthly life, (A)

I found myself in a gloomy forest, (B)

Having lost the right path in the darkness of the valley. (A)

What was he like, oh, how to pronounce, (B)

That wild forest, dense and threatening, (C)

Whose old horror I carry in my memory! (IN)

He is so bitter that death is almost sweeter. (WITH)

But, having found good in it forever, (D)

I’ll tell you about everything that I saw in this more often ... (C)

(A. Dante)

RUBAI- quatrain with rhyming scheme AABA:

In the cradle - a baby, a dead man in a coffin: (A)

That's all that is known about our fate. (A)

Drink the cup to the bottom and don't ask too much: (B)

The master will not reveal a secret to a slave. (A)

(Omar Khayyam)

LIMERICK- a five-line, most often written in anapaest (less often - amphibrach or dactyl), with AABBA rhyming. In limericks 3 and 4, verses have fewer stops than 1, 2, and 5.

Once upon a time there was an old man at the pier,

Whose life was depressing.

They gave him a salad

And they played the sonata

And he felt a little better.

OCTAVE- a stanza of 8 lines with the rhyme ABABABCC:

Obol - to Charon: I immediately pay tribute (A)

To my enemies. - In reckless courage (B)

I want to write a novel in octaves. (A)

From harmony, from their wonderful music (B)

I'm crazy; I will conclude a poem (A)

In the constrained boundaries of the measure is difficult. (IN)

Let's try - at least our free language (C)

I'm not used to the triple chains of the octave. (WITH)

(D.S. Merezhkovsky)

TRIOLET- an octet with rhyming ABAA ABAB, where verses A and B are repeated as refrains.

Oh, youth, my fast, (B)

One big delusion! (A)

You flashed like a vision (Ah)

And I'm left with regrets (Ah)

And the later wisdom of the serpent. (IN)

You flashed like a vision - (A)

Oh, my youth is swift! (IN)

(K. Balmont)

SONNET- a poem of 14 lines in the form of a complex stanza, consisting of two quatrains (quatrains) for 2 rhymes and two tercetes (three lines) for 3, less often - for 2 rhymes. Rhyme schemes: in the "French" sequence - ABBA ABBA CCD EED (or CCD EDE) or in the "Italian" sequence - ABAB ABAB CDC DCD (or CDE CDE). A "Shakespearean sonnet", or a sonnet with an "English" rhyme, is built according to the following scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG (three quatrains and a final couplet).

For example: “You see a beautiful image in the mirror ...” (W. Shakespeare).

ONEGIN STROPHA- a solid form in Russian lyrical-epic poetry, first introduced into it by A.S. Pushkin in the novel "Eugene Onegin". The stanza consists of 14 verses, united by a constant rhyme AB AB CCDD EFF EGG.

A few more common types of rhyme.

MONORIM- a verse built on one rhyme - a monorhyme (AAAA, AA-BB-SS ...), rare in European poetry, but widespread in classical poetry of the Near and Middle East. Monorims include: ghazal, qasida, mesnevi, fard... An example of fard:

Then only a word to put your debt into action,

When you are sure that there will be a sense.

PANTORIFMA (pantorim)- a verse in which all words rhyme with each other.

Intoxicates bold running,

The white snow blows

Cut the noise of the silence

Nezhatdumy about spring.

(V. Bryusov)

RHYME 4+4 ("square rhyme")-rhyming of two quatrains according to the scheme: ABCD ABCD

And then summer said goodbye

With a station. Taking off your hat

One hundred blinding photographs -

At night I took away the memory of thunder.

The brush of lilac froze. In it

Time he, having picked up an armful

Lightning, from the field they trafil

Light up the management house.

(B.L. Pasternak)

RHYME 3+3 ("triangular rhyme")- rhyming of two three-verses with each other according to the scheme ABC ABC.

And then I dreamed of mountains - (A)

In snow-white robes (B)

Defiant Peaks, (C)

And crystal lakes (A)

At the foot of the giants, (B)

And desert valleys ... (C)

(V. Nevsky)

In addition to rhyming, there are various types of non-rhyming verse. But that is another topic.

Literature:

Belokurova S.P. Dictionary of literary terms// URL: http://www.gramma.ru.

Handbook of versification // Portal "Russian rhymes". - URL: http://rifma.com.ru/AZ-STR.htm.

Strophy// Linguistic and cultural thesaurus "Humanitarian Russia". - URL :

RHYME- consonance at the end of two or more words. Sound repetition at the end of a rhythmic unit:

My uncle of the most honest rules
When not jokingly for | could not,
He forced himself to respect
And it's better to invent | could not" (Pushkin).

In connection with the position of stress in a rhyming word, they distinguish three kinds of rhyme:

Male rhyme where the stress is on the last syllable of the rhyming verse. These are the simplest rhymes: (I am mine, mine is a pig, RAZ - kvAS - bass - us);
feminine rhyme, where the stress is on the penultimate syllable. More sounds coincide in them: wine - picture; PLANS - WOUNDS; STRANGE - MISTY; flock - large, edges - playing;
Trisyllabic rhyme, dactylic, in which the stress is on the third syllable from the end. After the stressed vowel, two syllables follow (worn - asks, cane - bone, stretches - drunkard).

There is also a division:

Pantorhyme- all words in the line and in the next one rhyme with each other (for example, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd words of two lines rhyme, respectively)
through rhyme- goes through the whole work (for example - one rhyme in each line)
echo rhyme- the second line consists of one word or a short phrase rhymed with the first line.

rhymes are accurate and inaccurate.

IN exact sufficient rhyme match up:
a) last stressed vowel
b) sounds starting from the last stressed vowel.

In exact rhyme a rhyme like "writes - hears - breathes" (Okudzhava) is also considered. The so-called. iotized rhymes: "Tani - spells" (ASP), "again - the hilt" (Firnven).

An example of a stanza with exact rhymes (it is the sounds that match, not the letters):

It's nice, squeezing a katana,
Turn the enemy into a vinaigrette.
Katana is the dream of a samurai
But better than her - a gun. (Gareth)

IN inaccurate rhyme not all sounds coincide, starting from the last stressed vowel: "towards - cutting", or "book - King" by Medvedev. There can be much more imprecise rhymes than precise ones, and they can greatly decorate and diversify a verse.

rhymes parts of speech

Verb - noun:

How many have fallen into this abyss,
I'll spread it away!
The day will come when I will disappear
From the surface of the earth. (M. Tsvetaeva).

Verb - adverb:

You were everything. But because you
Now dead, my Bobo, you have become
Nothing - more precisely, a bunch of emptiness.
Which, as you might think, is a lot. (I. Brodsky)

Noun, adjective:

Like a conquistador in an iron shell,
I'm on my way and I'm walking merrily
Then resting in a joyful garden,
That leaning towards abysses and abysses. (N. Gumilyov)

Noun - adverb:

What are my friends, poets, making noise about?
In a restless house until late?
I hear an argument. And I see silhouettes
Against the vague background of a late window. (N. Rubtsov)

Noun - numeral:

You can't see the birds, but you can hear them.
Sniper, yearning for spiritual thirst,
Either an order, or a letter from his wife,
Sitting on a branch, he reads twice ... (I. Brodsky)

Noun - preposition:

Blue Saxon forest.
Dreams of basalt relatives,
A world without a future, without -
In other words, tomorrow. (I. Brodsky)

Noun - union:

There will be no others of us! Neither
Here, or there, where everyone is equal.
That's why our days
In this place, they are numbered.

Adjective - adverb:

Won't you take my soul alive
Not given, like fluff.
Life, you often rhyme with: false, -
Unmistakable singing ear!

Adjective - pronoun:

Adjective - numeral:

He is silent and unsociable,
Always alone, everywhere alone...

Goals: introduce students to the concepts of rhyme and stanza; learn to distinguish between double, cross and ring rhymes; develop the skill of analyzing a poem; to cultivate love for the native nature through work with a poetic text.

Equipment: cards with excerpts of poems (Appendix 1 from the author), presentation (Appendix 2 from the author).

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Statement of the educational task.

Set goals based on the topic of today's lesson.

III. Knowledge update.

- Let's remember how poetic speech differs from prose? ( Poetic speech rhythmic, melodious, rhymed.)

- What is rhythm? ( Rhythm is a uniform alternation of repeating units. In verse, these are stressed and unstressed syllables..)

How is rhyme created? ( Rhyme - the consonance of the endings of poetic lines.)

- Make up your own or pick up examples of rhyming lines.

IV. Related work

1. Acquaintance with the concept of rhyme and its types.

Rhyme - consonance at the end of lines of poetry.

Rhyme can be cross, pair and ring (or encircling).

Cross rhyme pattern:

Bird cherry fragrant branches bend,
All wild apple trees are in bloom;
Inhaling their scent, Kanut thinks:
"Live in God's world!" (A.K. Tolstoy)

Scheme: a b a b

I came to you with greetings
Say that the sun has risen
What is hot light
The sheets fluttered ... (A.A. Fet)

Sample paired (adjacent) rhyme:

To me, my baby; in my oak tree
You will recognize my beautiful daughters:
At the moon they will play and fly,
Playing, flying, put you to sleep. (V.A. Zhukovsky)

Scheme: a a b b

A sample of a ring (girdle, enveloping) rhyme:

Mother nature! I'm going to you
With my deep anguish;
To you with a tired head
I will fall to the bosom with weeping. (A. Pleshcheev)

Scheme: a b b a

2. Development of the ability to determine the types of rhyme.

cross

Here the dew has fallen invisibly,
And the east prepares to burn;


(Konstantin Sluchevsky)

Ring

Have you been to Wonderland

In the wilderness of earthly confinement
Does the exile of heaven live?
(D.V. Davydov)

steam room

Before your menagerie

King Francis was seated;


Behind the king, bewitching
blooming beauty look,

(F. Schiller)

3. Male, female and other rhymes.

Male - with an accent on the last syllable (window "- for a long time").

Women's rhymes - with an accent on the second syllable from the end of the line (yes "rum - fire" rum).

Dactylic - with an accent on the third syllable from the end of the line (it spreads - spills).

Hyperdactylic - with stress on the fourth and subsequent syllables from the end (hanging - mixing).

Find examples of masculine, feminine, dactylic rhymes in the texts.

4. Rhymes are exact and inexact.

In exact rhyme, repeated sounds are the same (color - light), and in inaccurate sounds do not match (story - longing).

5. Determine the meaning of the rhyme.

Reread the fourth stanza in the ballad "The Glove" and determine the type of rhyme. Do rhymes help convey the climax of events.

6. Analysis of the structure of poems.

- Why do you think these poems are divided into parts in this way?

Swamps and swamps
Blue boards of heaven.
Coniferous gilding
The forest is ringing.

Tit tit
Between forest curls,
Dark firs dream
The hubbub of mowers.

Through the meadow with a creak
The convoy is stretching -
Dryish linden
Smells like wheels.

Willows are listening
Wind whistle...
You are my forgotten edge,
You are my native land! ..
(S.A. Yesenin) (Katren)

Quiet in the juniper grove along the cliff

Over the river cover of the banks





(S.A. Yesenin) (couple)

• Octave - octave
• Tertsina - three lines with obligatory rhyme aba bvb vgv
• Quatrain - quatrain
• couplet -

7. Acquaintance with the concept of a stanza.

Stanza- a group of poetic lines, united by content and interconnected by a certain rhyme, rhythm, intonation.

V. Summing up the lesson.

“Everything is dying, everything is dying!
You are black and naked

He was swaddled by mighty dreams,
And the strength for a new spring ripens in him. (A. Maikov)

- Determine the type of rhyme in poetic passages.

Here the dew has fallen invisibly,
And the east prepares to burn;
All the greens seem to have risen
See how the night will run.
(Konstantin Sluchevsky)

* * *
Have you been to Wonderland
Where, a victim of a terrible command,
In the wilderness of earthly confinement
Does the exile of heaven live?
(D.V. Davydov)

* * *
Before your menagerie
With the barons, with the crown prince,
King Francis was seated;
From a high balcony he looked
In the field, waiting for the battle;
Behind the king, bewitching
blooming beauty look,
The ladies of the court were in a magnificent row.
(F. Schiller)

- Read the poems out loud.

How many parts are each divided into?

- Why do you think these poems are divided into parts in this way.

Quiet in the juniper grove along the cliff
Autumn - a red mare - scratches her mane.

Over the river cover of the banks
The blue clang of her horseshoes is heard.

Schemnik-wind with a cautious step
Creasing leaves on road ledges

And kisses on the rowan bush.
Red ulcers to the invisible Christ.
(S.A. Yesenin)

Swamps and swamps
Blue boards of heaven.
Coniferous gilding
The forest is ringing.
Tit tit
Between forest curls,
Dark firs dream
The hubbub of mowers.
Through the meadow with a creak
The convoy is stretching -
Dryish linden
Smells like wheels.
Willows are listening
Wind whistle...
You are my forgotten edge,
You are my native land! ..
(S.A. Yesenin)

- Analyze the poem in terms of rhyme and stanza.

Autumn leaves are circling in the wind
Autumn leaves cry out in alarm:
“Everything is dying, everything is dying!
You are black and naked
O our dear forest, your end has come!

The royal forest does not hear the alarm.
Under the dark azure of harsh skies
He was swaddled by mighty dreams,
And the strength for a new spring ripens in him.
(A. Maikov)

The concept of rhyme has been known to man since ancient times. Even before the moment when there were poets, jesters were looking for consonant words in order to amuse the audience ...

By Masterweb

20.11.2018 20:00

The concept of rhyme has been known to man since ancient times. Even before there were poets, jesters were looking for consonant words in order to amuse the audience. Rhymes were mainly used and are used in order to highlight intonational articulation. It is much easier for a person to understand the meaning of a work if the words are correctly consonant with each other. There are different types of rhyme, it is their features that will be discussed in the article.

History of occurrence

The first mention of the simplest poems using rhyme appears in the 10th century in Europe. But still it is reliably known that consonance existed much earlier. Rhymes were used to ridicule a person or event, to draw attention to a performance, and sometimes even by accident.

But a poem is not only the use of certain words. In addition to rhyme, it is necessary that the work has rhythmic order and completeness. That is, the word sound is not necessary when writing lyrics. White verse is a perfect example.

Five kings of the infidels

One great one won.

And they named him Sid

Lost kings.

In this example, there are pauses that are understandable to any reader, there are necessary stresses and rhythmic units. But with all this, there is no rhyme in the poem.

Types of rhymes in a poem

But despite the fact that the word sound is optional, the presence of rhyme improves the overall picture. Emphasizing the completeness of the stanza, you can enhance the contrast of the action itself.

There are a lot of types of rhyme and no poet can name them all. This is because almost every year they come up with new names for free poems. A work without a distinct rhythm, with a different number of syllables per line and a non-repetitive stress, is the simplest for both poets and readers.

Syllabic volume

Types of rhyme are different and basically they are all divided into certain groups. And the first category is the syllabic volume - this is the difference in poems by the stress on the last word in the line.

1. Male rhymes - a feature of this structure of works is that the stressed sound falls on the last syllable. For example, blinds - reflect, milk - wide, head - lace and so on.
2. Feminine rhymes - this type is the opposite of the first option, in this case the stress falls on the penultimate syllable. For example, paper is good, replacement is treason, riddle is sweet, and so on.
3. Dactylic rhymes are one of the most difficult types of versification, as they are based on compound words. The stress falls on the third syllable from the end. For example: dialectics - eclecticism, potholes - depressions, peat bogs - oat bogs, and so on.
4. Hyperdactylic rhymes - as the name implies, this is a complicated form of the above type. The stress in this case falls on the fourth syllable from the end, is used in versification extremely rarely. For example: stretched - touched, pearls - narrowed, discolored - humanized and so on.

And also this type of rhyme is divided into open and closed. The former always end in vowels, while the latter always end in consonants.

By the nature of the sound

There is no bad or good word sound, there are only the following types of rhyme:

1. Accurate and approximate. Sometimes only one letter changes in rhyming words, and sometimes the sound is very difficult to call similar. But this does not mean that the poet is bad and does not know how to write poetry.
2. Rich and poor. Such consonances are distinguished not only by letters and stresses, but also by what part of speech the word is. Rich rhymes are those cases where syllables are consonant throughout the words. In poor forms, only the last letters are similar, for example, houses - canvas, I go - I swim, lands - they took away. In fact, these are primitive rhymes that should not be used constantly in a good poem.
3. Assonances and dissonances. The first option is those words in which all vowels coincide, due to which a rhyme is formed. Example: posture - fashion, light - cross, conversations - steamboats. The dissonant version of the rhyme is the complete opposite of the assonance, since in this case the consonance should consist of the same parts of the word. For example: the difference is a prisoner, an apple is a cloud, a bed is a steal, and so on.

In fact, this is an incomplete answer to the question: “What types of rhymes are distinguished by the nature of their sound?” There are several more consonances that poets of all times quite often used. For example, compound rhymes and rhymes based on tautology, unequal consonances and differently stressed words.

Rhyme, types of rhymes, ways of rhyming

And also very often consonances are distinguished by their position in a lyrical work.

1. Final. This is the most popular type of rhyme, when consonances are at the end of each stanza. For example:

Mice ate cheese

And then they found kefir.

2. Initial. This type of rhyme is much less common, as the name implies, consonances are at the beginning of the stanza. For example:

Washbasin runs out

And shakes his head...

3. Internal. It turns out that rhymed words can stand anywhere, and even next to each other. It is this type of consonance that is called internal. Example:

Friends did not know, did not guess these winter meetings.

By position in the stanza

In addition to the fact that the rhyme can be located anywhere, it can also jump through the stanzas. In order to clearly understand the position of consonances, simple formulas were developed. Types of rhyme with examples:

1. Adjacent. In this version, words located in adjacent stanzas rhyme, the formula looks like this: A A B B. As an example, we can cite the following lines:

A fox was running along the road

And she did not know in what forests.

One path will lead

which she ran.

2. Cross. This method is more difficult, since the rhyme goes through the line, that is, A B A B. Many novice authors write in this particular combination, since such works sound much better. Example:

I see in the night I welcome the stars,

Today they are unusually brilliant,

And the heart is warped by unrequited dreams

And sad thoughts insanely suffering.

3. Covering. Another name for this method is belted. It is named so because the rhymes that are nearby ring other combinations. In the formula, it looks like this: A B B A. This is one of the most difficult ways to create a rhyme, while such a turn is very popular with readers, as it is more unusual. For example:

You speak to me in different languages

I am the sun in the flesh, and you are only cold.

I am the hero who is forever young

And you are the sand on the dead shores.

In fact, determining the type of rhyme can be very difficult. And all because professional poets like to use several combinations at once to give the desired image.

Poetic devices

In addition to various types, there are other ways to create rhymes. Of course, knowing all the rules is simply unrealistic, but the most important thing for a novice poet is to find out what basic terms are used in versification. And when all the rules are learned, you can begin to break them.

1. Pantorhyme. A poem written with this technique is the most rhymed. This happens because all the words are combined with each other through 1-3 words. For example:

The sun came out in the far window,

You looked into the house, and there was already a pogrom.

2. Through rhyme. In a poem created in this way, there will be the same combination through all the stanzas. Most often, poets leave one word at the beginning and end. For example:

One evening left until summer

One day until I meet you.

We will not meet one dawn together,

Just one moment before sunset together.

3. Echo rhyme. In this version, the feature will be that the last word in the first stanza will be transferred or rhymed by the second. For example:

Today is a holiday at the bay.

Today we arrived from the watch.

Versification

In fact, rhyming words is not so difficult, easy and create an interesting poem for a festive event or for a greeting card. But in order to create a great work, you need to know what types of rhyme exist. And constant practice is also important. And then it will be much easier to create, and the stanzas will turn out more and more gracefully.

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