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Download presentation on Nogai horde. Presentation "Golden Horde" on history - project, report. creative search and thinking

25.07.2023

Nogai Horde

7th grade. History of Kazakhstan.

Lesson objectives: To give information about the state

Nogai Horde

Tasks:

educational : Familiarize yourself with the history

creation of the Nogai Horde, with an external

and domestic policy of the state

Developing: Formation

skills to study culture,

creative search and thinking

Educational : Build self-esteem

critical thinking, positive

relation to reality .

An important role in the creation and strengthening of the Nogai Horde was played by the temnik of the Golden Horde Edigey . Himself a native of the tribe Mangut (mangyt ), Edigey from 1392 became an ulubey of the Mangyts.

In the 90s of the XIV century, Edigei waged wars with Tokhtamysh Khan, firstly, for dominance in the Golden Horde, and secondly, in order to strengthen the power of the Mangyt yurt over neighboring possessions, expanding its borders.

Being a temnik, Yedigei, who did not have the right to the title of khan, was the de facto ruler of the Golden Horde for 15 years (1396-1411).

From 1412, the descendants of Edigei ruled the Magyt horde.

At that time, Yedigei himself took an active part in the internecine struggle of the Khan's heirs for the Golden Horde throne, during which, having joined one of them, the descendant of Genghis Khan, Chokre-oglan, Yedigei became his beklarbek. After the victory in 1414 over Kepek Khan, who occupied the throne (in the same year) of the Golden Horde, and his expulsion from the capital of Saray, Yedigei became the beklarbek (or great emir) of the Golden Horde, whom he was until his death in 1419.

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Kuban Nogai Horde

50s of the 16th century Right-Bank Kuban is an integral part of the Crimean Khanate. Here, from the uluses of the Nogai Horde, the state formation of Nogai Malye was formed.

Horde of Small Nogais Navruz, Edisan, Kaisaev, Budzhak, Bestineev, Dzhemboiluk, Yedichkul,

The Kuban Nogai Horde was ruled by a seraskir. He had broad powers and passed final sentences in civil and criminal cases. He lived in his village. His income consisted of a tenth of the grain harvest, one ram from each wagon and 800 bulls.

1769 - the height of the Russian-Turkish war Four Nogai hordes: Budzhak, Edisan, Dzhemboyluk, Yedichkul declared their desire to transfer to Russian citizenship. In February 1771, a Nogai delegation arrived in St. Petersburg. Three months later, the Nogai hordes migrated to the Kuban.

1. Facilitating the resettlement of the Nogais in the Kuban steppes, Russia removed a large military force from the lower reaches of the Dnieper, just before the invasion of Russian troops into the Crimea. 2. Russia hoped that the Nogais would be able to cover the southern Russian borders from the raids of the highlanders. 3. Russian diplomats hoped that in the future the nomads would form an independent state friendly to Russia, which would become a counterweight to Turkey in the struggle for the Black Sea

THE MAIN ACTIVITIES OF THE NOGAI CRAFTS HUNTING Cattle breeding HORSE BREEDING CAMEL BREEDING SHEEP BREEDING TRADE

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Golden Horde

Ulus Jochi (Ulug Ulus), in the modern Russian tradition - the Golden Horde (Mong. Altan Ord) - a state led by the descendants of Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan. Formed around 1224 as a possession within the Great Mongol Ulus (Mongolian Empire). The territory was significantly expanded by the son of Jochi Batu (1227-1255), during which the Lower Volga region became the political center of the ulus.

Chuprov L.A., secondary school №3 p. Stone-Fisher of the Khanka district of Primorsky Krai.

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The Golden Horde gained full sovereignty under Khan Mengu-Timur in 1266 in the process of the collapse of the Mongol Empire into a number of independent states (the Yuan Empire, the Chagatai ulus, the Khulaguid state). The bulk of the nomadic population of the Golden Horde were Kipchaks.

Mengu-Timur

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The division of the Mongol Empire by Genghis Khan between his sons by 1224 can be considered the emergence of the Ulus of Jochi. After the Western campaign (1236-1242), led by the son of Jochi Batu (in the Russian chronicles Batu), the ulus expanded to the west and the Lower Volga region became its center. Already during its formation, the Golden Horde was divided into uluses belonging to the 14 sons of Jochi: 13 brothers were semi-independent sovereigns, subject to the supreme power of Batu.

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The rebellions of the emirs who did not want to convert to Islam were brutally suppressed. The ulus carried on a lively trade with the countries of Western Europe, Asia Minor, Egypt, India, and China. Trade routes have become not only safe, but also well-maintained.

Khan Uzbek receives the Russian prince

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Great zamyatnya

From 1359 to 1380, more than 25 khans were on the throne of the Golden Horde. This time in Russian sources is called the Great Zamyatnya. Under Khan Tokhtamysh (1380-1395), unrest ceased, and the central government began to control the main territory of the Golden Horde

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Tokhtamysh in 1380 defeated the army of Mamai on the Kalka River, in 1382 went to Moscow. After strengthening his power, he opposed Tamerlane. As a result of a series of devastating campaigns, Tamerlane defeated the troops of Tokhtamysh, captured and destroyed the Volga cities, including Sarai-Berke, robbed the cities of the Crimea, etc. The Golden Horde was dealt a blow from which it could no longer recover.

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State system of the Nogai Horde. Formation of the Nogai Horde. feature of the state system. The system of state bodies. Social system. Right. Court and process.

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1. Formation of the Nogai Horde. Feature of the state system After the collapse of the Golden Horde, in the north-west of Kazakhstan, a new state formation arose - the Nogai Horde. The territory of the Nogai Horde - between the Volga and the Urals (main territory). In the east - along the left bank of the Urals, in the northeast - to the West Siberian lowland, in the Northwest to Kazan, in the Southwest to the Aral Sea region, the North of the Caspian Sea (nomadic territory).

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1. Formation of the Nogai Horde. The peculiarity of the state system of the Nogai Horde in the XV - XVI centuries. is a military-aristocratic state. In the Nogai Horde, a stable ulus system of government has developed. The center was the city - Sarayshyk (city in the lower Urals), which was founded in the XIII century.

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1. Formation of the Nogai Horde. The peculiarity of the state system Edygey is considered the founder of the Nogai Horde (Mangyt Horde), under whose rule it separates from the Golden Horde (ulus of Jochi), and during the reign of Edygei's son, Nuraddin, an independent state was created.

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2. The system of state bodies. The Nogai Horde was ruled by a biy (prince), elected from among the representatives of the closed estate of the ruling house of Edige (the Mangyt clan). The Murzas, the descendants of the numerous sons of Edige, were large owners of land and livestock and had full power in their possessions. Within their clan, they established the order of litigation, and the principle of tribal seniority operated in their relations with each other.

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2. The system of state bodies. The Nogai Horde was divided into a number of self-governing uluses headed by murzas. The Murzas obeyed the Biy, who ruled with the help of Nuradin.

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2. The system of state bodies The supreme body of power is the Great Council (Kurultai), which consisted of top officials and relatives of the biy. This body elected the bey and limited his power. Biy convened a small council from among the highest ranks and feudal lords close to the biy.

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2. The system of state bodies The central executive-administrative and judicial power was exercised by three "highest Orda ranks" (nuradin, kekovat, taibur). Functions - protection of the outlying territories of the Horde from invasion from outside. They were the rulers of vast territories, they had warriors.

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2. The system of state bodies The central government represented by the Council, biy, supreme rulers (ranks) carried out the following functions: The supreme disposal of pasture territories Confirmation of the rights of feudal lords to own uluses Appointment to the highest positions Distribution of income Implementation of the highest judicial function

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2. The system of state bodies When the biy had a permanent governing body - karaduvan. He was at the biy's winter headquarters in the city of Sarayshyk. This body carried out fiscal and police functions. In the uluses, judicial and executive power was exercised by the rulers - murzas, local duvans were created here.

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2. The system of state bodies There were - arbitration - maslagat courts, as well as Sharia courts for religious matters.

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3. The social system of the Nogai Horde of Murza Below the Murzas were the Karacheys and Imeldeshis, as well as service people (ulans, nukers) - the tribal aristocracy, pressed by the Mangyt nobility, but retaining influence in the uluses. The bulk of the dependent population are tribal pastoralists - community members. Part of the exploited - tumaki (settled poor nomads) - obeyed the biy and served as one of the sources of centralized rent collection. The Cossacks also stood out - isolated groups of nomads who lost ties with their uluses and hunted for military booty. Small merchants (saudagers) and slaves (kuls) were only a layer of the main classes.

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The fall of the Nogai Horde The existence of the Nogai Horde was interrupted by the Kalmyk invasion, and the Nogai confederation broke up, transferring some of its political institutions (congresses of feudal lords, duvans, the judicial system) to new political entities.

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