Honorary title of bishop crossword puzzle 6 letters. Orders in the Orthodox Church in ascending order: their hierarchy. Examples of the use of the word primate in the literature

You should always first find out the name, title and form of address for a particular person or persons with whom you will meet.

There are different types of titles and certain rules for titles, special treatment.

Royal titles

Kings should be contacted: Mister (Sir) or Your Majesty; to the queens mistress (madam) or Your Majesty.

Princes - Royal Highness.

Titles of nobility

In Europe, the titles of prince, duke, marquis, count, viscount and baron are recognized. Their carriers are always given preference in order of courtesy. Noble titles are always mentioned when introduced.

Official titles

In all countries of the world, persons holding prominent political, state and military posts, as well as heads of diplomatic missions, are usually titled in accordance with their position.

When officially introduced, the titles of members of the government, chairmen and deputy chairmen of the chambers of parliament are always mentioned. In some countries, official titles are held by employees of the state apparatus, including employees of the highest rank, these titles also apply to their wives. In other countries, former ministers or chairmen of the chambers, as well as retired high-ranking officials, retain their former titles.

Scientific titles

In many countries, especially in Germany and England, the title of Doctor is given to all those with a university and medical education, except for holders of lower degrees, such as M.A.. In France, the term refers only to physicians. In France, England and Germany, university professors are titled according to their rank ( Monsieur le Professor, Professor Jones, Herr Doctor). In the United States, when addressing a doctor, the honorific title of doctor is usually omitted. However, this title is mentioned when greeting: Dear Doctor Smith.

Appeal Your Excellency as a matter of courtesy, it is used even in countries where the use of titles is not accepted, in relation to high-ranking figures (church, state, political).

Church titles

Orthodox Church

The following hierarchy is observed:

Bishops:

1. Patriarchs, Archbishops, Metropolitans - Heads of Local Churches.

2. Metropolitans who are a) heads of Autocephalous Churches, b) members of the Patriarchate. In the latter case, they are members of the Synod or head one or more archiepiscopal dioceses.

3. Archbishops (same as item 2).

4. Bishops - administrators of the diocese - 2 dioceses.

5. Bishops - vicars - one diocese.

Priests:

1. Archimandrites (usually head monasteries, then they are called abbots of the monastery or governors).

2. Archpriests (usually deans and rectors of churches in large cities in this rank), protopresbyter - rector of the Patriarchal Cathedral.

3. Abbots.

4. Hieromonks.

Deacons:

1. Archdeacons.

2. Protodeacons.

3. Hierodeacons.

4. Deacons.

Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church is a centralized organization. It is necessary to know its hierarchy well in order to understand the organizational structure of other Christian Churches that use titles of a similar origin. The order of precedence is as follows:

1. legates - cardinals representing the Pope, who are entitled to royal honors;

2. cardinals, equal in rank to princes of the blood;

3. representatives of the Vatican, nuncios, internuncios and apostolic delegates;

4. other prelates whose seniority is determined by their title; patriarchs, primates, archbishops and bishops. Archbishops and bishops in their dioceses have seniority above all other clergymen of equal rank, except for the diplomatic representatives of the Vatican;

5. general vicars and chapters are superior in seniority to all other clergy, except for bishops;

6. parish priests.

Among bishops, priests and deacons in the Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches, seniority is also determined depending on the date of their consecration.

Addresses and titles

Orthodox Church

The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople should be called Your Holiness. Other Eastern Patriarchs should be contacted or Your Holiness, or Your Bliss in the third person. Metropolitans and archbishops should be addressed with the words Your Eminence to the bishops Your Eminence, Your Grace And Your Mightiness.

To archimandrites, archpriests, abbots - Your Reverence, to hieromonks, priests - Your Reverence.

If the Head of the Local Orthodox Church is a metropolitan and archbishop, then it is necessary to address him Your Bliss.

Roman Catholic Church

The Pope should be contacted Holy father or Your Holiness in the third person. Contact the Cardinal Eminence And Your Mightiness in the third person. Archbishops and Bishops are addressed Excellency or Your Mightiness in the second person. Other members of the clergy are named after their rank.

Lutheran Church

1. Archbishop;

2. land bishop;

3. bishop;

4. kirchenpresident (church president);

5. general superintendent;

6. superintendent;

7. propst (dean);

8. pastor;

9. vicar (deputy, assistant pastor).

The Archbishop (head of the Church) is addressed Your Eminence. To the rest - Mister Bishop etc.

Anglican Church in Great Britain

It has the official status of the State Church. The hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church is preserved: archbishops, bishop, vicar bishop, dean, archdeacon, canon, prebendary, dean dean, pastor, vicar, curate and deacon. Archbishops have the right, like dukes, to appeal His Grace, bishops as peers, - Lord. Both have seats in the House of Lords. Sir used when addressing clergy up to the rank of prebendary. The rest of the representatives of the church hierarchy are called reverend followed by the first and last name. If they are Doctors of Theology, the title is added Doctor.

Different forms of titling are used depending on the religion. The priest of the Anglican Church is called Reverend James Jones; Catholic priest will be called Reverend Father Jones without mentioning his name. In English protocol, Anglican archbishops and bishops are given strictly defined places.

In England, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York follow in seniority the Dukes, members of the royal family, and the Bishops, according to the date of their consecration, follow the younger sons of the Marquesses. The seniority of representatives of other Churches is not established.

In Scotland, the Lord High Commissioner of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at the meetings of the latter follows in seniority the sovereign queen or her spouse. The Chairman (Moderator) of the General Assembly follows in seniority the Lord Chancellor of Great Britain.

In Northern Ireland Primates of Ireland and other archbishops, as well as the Chairman (Moderator) of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, are senior in seniority to the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland.

Junior church ministers do not have protocol seniority.

Clergy in the USA

Among the various churches that exist in the United States, a hierarchy of dignitaries is observed, which is basically the same for all Churches. It is clear that, taking into account specific conditions, it is possible to determine the order of precedence that must be observed among representatives of the same rank of different communities. If we turn to generally accepted protocol norms, then the first place should be divided between the dignitaries of the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches, to which the majority of parishioners belong. Dignitaries of other communities follow them, but there are no firm rules in this regard.

In the United States, where Protestant churches are numerous and the majority of the population is Protestant, each community has its own customs regarding its clergy. At official events with the participation of a Catholic archbishop, he should be called Excellency. In a less formal setting, he is called Eminence. The Anglican Bishop should be contacted My Lord Bishop; to the bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States apply the appeal Eminence, to the bishops of the Methodist Church - reverend; to the Mormon bishops - Sir. Ministers of the Protestant Church and Catholic priests are called Eminence, and the rabbis are called Sir.

Churches and communities originating from Calvinist movement, usually have a territorial division. The supreme religious authority is vested in the consistory, whose president is chosen and, by French protocol, is considered equal to the bishop. It is usually named Mr. President.

Church titles

Orthodox Church

The following hierarchy is observed:

Bishops:

1. Patriarchs, Archbishops, Metropolitans - Heads of Local Churches.

The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople should be called Your Holiness. Other Eastern Patriarchs should be addressed either as Your Holiness or Your Beatitude in the third person

2. Metropolitans who are a) heads of Autocephalous Churches, b) members of the Patriarchate. In the latter case, they are members of the Synod or head one or more archiepiscopal dioceses.

3. Archbishops (same as item 2).

Metropolitans and archbishops should be addressed with the words Your Eminence

4. Bishops - administrators of the diocese - 2 dioceses.

5. Bishops - vicars - one diocese.

To the Bishops Your Eminence, Your Grace and Your Grace. If the Head of the Local Orthodox Church is a metropolitan and archbishop, then Your Beatitude is supposed to address him.

Priests:

1. Archimandrites (usually head monasteries, then they are called abbots of the monastery or governors).

2. Archpriests (usually deans and rectors of churches in large cities in this rank), protopresbyter - rector of the Patriarchal Cathedral.

3. Abbots.

To the archimandrites, archpriests, abbots - Your Reverence

4. Hieromonks.

To the hieromonks, priests - Your Reverence.

1. Archdeacons.

2. Protodeacons.

3. Hierodeacons.

4. Deacons.

Deacons are named after their rank.

Roman Catholic Church

The order of precedence is as follows:

1. Pope of Rome (Pontifex Romanus in Latin, or the supreme sovereign pontiff (Pontifex Maximus)). Simultaneously owns three inseparable functions of power. Monarch and Sovereign of the Holy See, as the successor of St. Peter (the first Bishop of Rome) - the head of the Roman Catholic Church and its supreme hierarch, the sovereign of the Vatican city-state.

The pope should be addressed as "Holy Father" or "Your Holiness" in the third person.

2. Legates - cardinals representing the Pope, who are entitled to royal honors;

3. Cardinals, equal in rank to princes of the blood; Cardinals are appointed by the Pope. They govern, like bishops, dioceses or hold positions in the Roman curia. From the 11th century The cardinals elect the Pope.

The cardinal should be addressed as "Your Eminence" or "Your Grace" in the third person.

4. Patriarch. In Catholicism, the rank of patriarch is mainly held by hierarchs who head the Eastern Catholic Churches with the status of patriarchy. In the West, the title is rarely used, with the exception of the heads of the Venetian and Lisbon metropolitanates, who historically bear the title of patriarch, the Jerusalem patriarch of the Latin rite, as well as the titular Patriarchs of the East and West Indies (the last vacant since 1963).

Patriarchs - the heads of the Eastern Catholic Churches - are elected by the synod of bishops of the given Church. After being elected, the Patriarch is immediately enthroned, after which he asks for communion (church communion) with the Pope of Rome (this is the only difference between a patriarch and a supreme archbishop, whose candidacy is approved by the Pope). In the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, the patriarchs of the Eastern Churches are equated with cardinal-bishops.

During the official introduction, the Patriarch shall be introduced as "His Beatitude, (Name and Surname) Patriarch (Location)". Personally, he should be addressed as "Your Beatitude" (except in Lisbon, where he is addressed as "His Eminence"), or on paper as "His Beatitude, the Most Reverend (Name and Surname) Patriarch (Location)".

5. Supreme archbishop (Latin archiepiscopus maior) - a metropolitan who heads the Eastern Catholic Church with the status of a supreme archbishopric. The Supreme Archbishop, although he is in rank and below the patriarch of the Eastern Catholic Church, is in all respects equal to him in rights. The supreme archbishop chosen by his Church is confirmed by the Pope. If the pope does not approve the candidacy of the supreme archbishop, new elections are held.
The supreme archbishops are members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches.

6. Archbishop - senior (commanding) bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, archbishops are divided into:

Archbishops heading archdioceses that are not centers of provinces;

personal archbishops, to whom this title is assigned personally by the Pope;

Titular archbishops who occupy the chairs of ancient cities that do not exist now and are in the service of the Roman curia or are nuncios.

Primates. In the Roman Catholic Church, a primate is an archbishop (more rarely a vicarious or exempt bishop) who is conferred the presidency of other bishops of an entire country or historical region (in political or cultural terms). This canon law primacy does not confer any additional powers or authority over other archbishops or bishops. The title is used in Catholic countries as an honorific. The title of primate may be given to the hierarch of one of the oldest metropolitanates in the country. Primates are often elevated to cardinals and are often given the presidency of a national conference of bishops. At the same time, the main city of the diocese may no longer be as important as when it was created, or its borders may no longer correspond to national ones. Primates rank below the supreme archbishop and patriarch, and within the college of cardinals do not enjoy seniority.

Metropolitans. In the Latin rite of the Catholic Church, a metropolitan is the head of an ecclesiastical province, consisting of dioceses and archdioceses. The metropolitan must necessarily be an archbishop, and the center of the metropolis must coincide with the center of the archdiocese. On the contrary, there are archbishops who are not metropolitans - these are suffragan archbishops, as well as titular archbishops. Suffragan bishops and archbishops head their own dioceses, which are part of the metropolis. Each of them has direct and complete jurisdiction over his diocese, but the metropolitan may exercise limited supervision over it in accordance with canon law.
The metropolitan usually leads any divine services on the territory of the metropolis in which he participates, and also consecrates new bishops. The metropolitan is the first instance to which diocesan courts can appeal. The metropolitan has the right to appoint a diocese administrator in cases where, after the death of the reigning bishop, the church is unable to legally elect an administrator.

7. Bishop (Greek - “supervising”, “supervising”) - a person who has a third, highest degree of priesthood, otherwise a bishop. Episcopal consecration (ordination) must be performed by several bishops, at least two, except in special cases. As a high priest, a bishop can perform all sacred rites in his diocese: he alone has the right to ordain priests, deacons, and lower clerics, and to consecrate antimensions. The name of a bishop is commemorated during divine services in all the churches of his diocese.

Every priest has the right to worship only with the blessing of his reigning bishop. All monasteries located in the territory of his diocese are also subject to the bishop. According to canon law, the bishop disposes of all church property independently or through proxies. In Catholicism, the bishop has the prerogative of performing not only the sacrament of the priesthood, but also chrismation (confirmation).

Archbishops and bishops are referred to as "Your Excellency" or "Your Grace" in the second person. In parts of Canada, especially in the West, the Archbishop is usually addressed as "His Eminence".

8. A priest is a minister of a religious cult. In the Catholic Church, priests belong to the second degree of priesthood. A priest has the right to perform five sacraments out of seven, with the exception of the sacrament of priesthood (ordination) and the sacrament of chrismation (his priest has the right to perform only in exceptional circumstances). Priests are ordained by a bishop. Priests are divided into monastics (black clergy) and diocesan priests (white clergy). In the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church, celibacy is obligatory for all priests.

During the official introduction, the religious priest must be introduced as "The Reverend Father of (Name and Surname) of (community name)". Personally, he should be addressed as "Father (Surname)", simply "Father", "padre" or "prete", and on paper as "Reverend Father (Name Patronymic Surname), (initials of his community).

9. Deacon (Greek - “servant”) - a person who is serving in the church at the first, lowest degree of the priesthood. Deacons assist priests and bishops in the performance of divine services, and perform some of the sacraments on their own. The service of a deacon adorns the divine service, but is not obligatory - the priest can serve alone.

Among bishops, priests and deacons in the Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches, seniority is also determined depending on the date of their consecration.

10. Akkolit (lat. acolythus - accompanying, serving) - a layman who performs a certain liturgical service. His duties include lighting and carrying candles, preparing bread and wine for the Eucharistic consecration, and a number of other liturgical functions.
The concept of acolyte is used to denote the service of an acolyte, as well as the state itself and the corresponding rank.
11. Reader (Lecturer) - a person who reads the word of God during the liturgy. As a rule, third-year seminarians or ordinary laymen appointed by the bishop become lecturers.
12. Ministerate (lat. "ministrans" - "serving") - a layman, serves the priest during the Mass and other services.

ORGANIST
CHORISTS
MONKS
FAITHFUL

Lutheran Church

1. Archbishop;

2. land bishop;

3. bishop;

4. kirchenpresident (church president);

5. general superintendent;

6. superintendent;

7. propst (dean);

8. pastor;

9. vicar (deputy, assistant pastor).

Your Eminence is addressed to the Archbishop (head of the Church). To the rest - Mr. Bishop, etc.

Every Orthodox person meets with clergy who speak publicly or conduct services in the church. At first glance, you can understand that each of them wears some special rank, because it’s not for nothing that they have differences in clothes: different-colored mantles, hats, someone has jewelry made of precious stones, while others are more ascetic. But not everyone is given to understand the ranks. To find out the main ranks of clergy and monks, consider the ranks of the Orthodox Church in ascending order.

It should immediately be said that all ranks are divided into two categories:

1. Secular clergy. These include ministers who may have a family, wife, and children.
2. Black clergy. These are those who accepted monasticism and renounced worldly life.

Secular clergy

The description of people who serve the Church and the Lord comes from the Old Testament. The scripture says that before the birth of Christ, the prophet Moses appointed people who were supposed to communicate with God. It is with these people that today's hierarchy of ranks is connected.

Altar boy (novice)

This person is a lay assistant to a clergyman. His responsibilities include:

If necessary, a novice can ring the bells and read prayers, but it is strictly forbidden for him to touch the throne and walk between the altar and the Royal Doors. The altar boy wears the most ordinary clothes, he puts a surplice on top.

This person is not elevated to the rank of clergy. He must read prayers and words from Scripture, explain them to ordinary people and explain to children the basic rules of the life of a Christian. For special zeal, the clergyman may ordain the psalmist as a subdeacon. From church clothes, he is allowed to wear a cassock and a skuf (velvet hat).

This person also does not have a holy order. But he can wear a surplice and orarion. If the bishop blesses him, then the subdeacon can touch the throne and enter the altar through the Royal Doors. Most often, the subdeacon helps the priest perform the service. He washes his hands during divine services, gives him the necessary items (tricirium, ripids).

Church orders of the Orthodox Church

All the ministers of the church listed above are not clergymen. These are simple peaceful people who want to get closer to the church and the Lord God. They are accepted to their positions only with the blessing of the priest. We will begin to consider the ecclesiastical ranks of the Orthodox Church from the lowest.

The position of a deacon has remained unchanged since ancient times. He, just as before, must help in worship, but he is forbidden to independently perform church services and represent the Church in society. His main duty is to read the Gospel. At present, the need for the services of a deacon disappears, so their number in churches is steadily declining.

This is the most important deacon at the cathedral or church. Previously, this dignity was received by the protodeacon, who was distinguished by a special zeal for service. To determine that you have a protodeacon in front of you, you should look at his vestments. If he is wearing an orarion with the words “Holy! Holy! Holy," then it is he who is in front of you. But at present, this dignity is given only after the deacon has served in the church for at least 15–20 years.

It is these people who have a beautiful singing voice, know many psalms, prayers, and sing at various church services.

This word came to us from the Greek language and in translation means "priest". In the Orthodox Church, this is the smallest rank of priest. The bishop gives him the following powers:

• perform worship and other sacraments;
• carry the teachings to people;
• conduct communion.

It is forbidden for a priest to consecrate antimensions and conduct the sacrament of ordination of priesthood. Instead of a hood, his head is covered with a kamilavka.

This dignity is given as a reward for some merit. The archpriest is the most important among the priests and concurrently the rector of the temple. During the celebration of the sacraments, the archpriests put on a robe and stole. In one liturgical institution, several archpriests can serve at once.

This dignity is given only by the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' as a reward for the most kind and useful deeds that a person has done in favor of the Russian Orthodox Church. This is the highest rank in the white clergy. It will no longer be possible to earn a rank higher, since then there are ranks that are forbidden to start a family.

Nevertheless, many, in order to get a promotion, give up worldly life, family, children, and go permanently into the monastic life. In such families, the spouse most often supports her husband and also goes to the monastery to take a monastic vow.

Black clergy

It includes only those who have taken monastic vows. This hierarchy of ranks is more detailed than that of those who preferred family life to monastic life.

This is a monk who is a deacon. He helps the clergy conduct the sacraments and perform services. For example, he takes out the vessels necessary for rituals or makes prayer requests. The most senior hierodeacon is called "archdeacon".

This is a person who is a priest. He is allowed to perform various sacred ordinances. This rank can be received by priests from the white clergy who have decided to become monks, and those who have undergone ordination (giving a person the right to perform the sacraments).

This is the abbot or abbess of a Russian Orthodox monastery or church. Previously, most often, this rank was given as a reward for services to the Russian Orthodox Church. But since 2011, the patriarch decided to give this rank to any abbot of the monastery. At the consecration, the abbot is given a staff, with which he must go around his possessions.

This is one of the highest ranks in Orthodoxy. Upon receiving it, the clergyman is also awarded a miter. The archimandrite wears a black monastic robe, which distinguishes him from other monks in that he has red tablets on it. If, moreover, the archimandrite is the abbot of any temple or monastery, he has the right to carry a wand - a staff. He should be addressed as "Your Reverend".

This dignity belongs to the category of bishops. When they were ordained, they received the Most High Grace of the Lord and therefore they can perform any sacred rites, even ordain deacons. According to church laws, they have equal rights, the archbishop is considered the eldest. According to ancient tradition, only a bishop can bless a service with the help of an antimis. This is a square scarf, in which part of the relics of a saint is sewn.

Also, this clergyman controls and takes care of all the monasteries and churches that are located on the territory of his diocese. The common address for a bishop is "Vladyka" or "Your Eminence".

This is a spiritual dignity of high rank or the highest title of a bishop, the most ancient on earth. He submits only to the patriarch. It differs from other ranks in the following details in clothing:

• has a blue mantle (the bishops have red ones);
• a white hood with a cross trimmed with precious stones (the rest have a black hood).

This dignity is given for very high merit and is a distinction.

The highest rank in the Orthodox Church, the chief priest of the country. The word itself combines two roots "father" and "power". He is elected at the Council of Bishops. This dignity is for life, only in the most rare cases is it possible to depose and excommunicate him. When the place of the patriarch is empty, a locum tenens is appointed as temporary executor, who does everything that the patriarch should do.

This position bears responsibility not only for itself, but also for the entire Orthodox people of the country.

The ranks in the Orthodox Church in ascending order have their own clear hierarchy. Despite the fact that we call many clergy "father", every Orthodox Christian should know the main differences between ranks and positions.