Catalog of Venusian life (8 photos). Life on Venus Possible forms of life on Venus

Venus is the planet of the solar system (the second in a row after Mercury, hereinafter referred to as the Earth), named after the Roman goddess of beauty and love. It is one of the brightest space objects along with the Earth and the Moon. This planet, of course, did not go unnoticed by scientists who at one time thought about the questions, is life possible on Venus? This topic is of interest to many astronomy lovers. So, what are the conditions for survival on Venus?

Brief information about Venus

Probably, there is no such person who would not know what Venus is. This planet is the sixth largest among all the other planets. The distance to Venus from the Sun is more than 108 million kilometers. In its air, gases are mainly concentrated: carbon dioxide and nitrogen, while the Earth has the most oxygen, which allows living organisms to exist. Also on Venus, the clouds are composed of sulfuric acid (namely, sulfur dioxide), which makes it impossible to see the surface with the normal human eye, that is, it becomes invisible. The average temperature on Venus is much higher than on Earth: 460 degrees Celsius, while on Earth it is only 14 degrees Celsius. That is, Venus can compete and even bypass the hottest desert of our planet in terms of temperature. It should be noted that the dense air envelope of Venus creates a strong greenhouse effect, which is the reason for the increase in temperature due to the thermal energy generated as a result of heating gases.

The first attempts to explore Venus

Soviet scientists, having appreciated the advantages of the planet Venus over other cosmic bodies (for example, Mars, in which US astronomers are seriously interested), decided to take up its development. Already in February 1961, the Venus program was created, according to which it was planned to send spacecraft to the planet in order to survey the entire surface. The program has been in existence for twenty long years.

The first flight

For the first time, the atmosphere of Venus was discovered in 1761 by the famous Russian naturalist Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. As mentioned earlier, Soviet scientists became interested in this mysterious planet as early as 1961. They made many attempts (namely, about 10) to send spacecraft there in order to find out the conditions for life. They explored both the surface of the planet and its surroundings. However, scientists have not been able to find out reliable facts about the temperature and pressure on Venus. What flights to Venus were carried out?

Soviet scientists launched the first automatic interplanetary station to the planet on February 8, 1961, but they failed to achieve the goal: the upper stage did not turn on. The second attempt to launch a spacecraft called "Venus-1" was a great success, and on February 12, 1961, he headed for Venus. After spending more than 3 months in space, the interplanetary station lost contact with the hot planet on February 17th. According to the guesses of scientists, it flew from Venus a hundred thousand kilometers on May 19. The launches of ships to Venus did not stop there. On August 8, 1962, NASA launched Mariner 2 into space. On December 14 of the same year, he successfully circled the entire planet. It took 110 days since the launch of the ship. And finally, the spacecraft called "Venus Express" (ESA Venus Express) was sent on November 9, 2005. It took him 153 days to reach the planet. This was the last flight to Venus.

How long is the flight to Venus?

The distance to Venus, counting from the Earth, is from 38 to 261 million kilometers. The time it takes to fly depends on the speed of the spacecraft and the trajectory it is following. Consequently, no one can give an exact answer to the question of how long to fly to Venus. As mentioned earlier, several spacecraft were launched to the planet, and each of them took a different amount of time to get to the surface of Venus (Mariner 2 - 110 days, Venus Express - 153 days).

Terraforming Venus

This is a change in climate, environmental conditions of the planet (temperature, air composition) to such an extent as to turn it into a place suitable for living organisms.

For the first time, Soviet scientists became seriously interested in terraforming this hot planet. They developed many ideas and made several attempts to study Venus, both its surface and its environs. Working for 20 years, scientists learned many facts about this planet (for example, what Venus really is and what conditions are on it), which ruined all their plans for the possibility of human exploration of this planet. No attempts are being made right now. It is not known whether the possibility of terraforming Venus in 200-300 years will be available in the future.

Ways

Below are the methods of how Venus can be terraformed:

1. Reducing the Venusian day (117 Earth days) by bombarding the planet with asteroids, which, moreover, will fill Venus with water. For this, according to futurologists, water-ammonia asteroids can be used from the Kuiper belt (comets can also be useful).
2. By synthesizing water from atmospheric and carbon dioxide, it is also possible to solve the problem of the Venusian drought and provide the planet with water resources.
3. An ice block with a diameter of 600 kilometers should fall on Venus in order to spin the planet and artificially irrigate it with water.
4. Water bombardment can dilute the dangerous sulfur clouds that envelop the entire planet. Such an installation will turn the acid into a salt, while also releasing hydrogen. However, the solution of one problem entails another. The raised clouds of dust will definitely cause a nuclear winter on Venus. Therefore, you need to be ready for everything.
5. Since the temperature on the planet's surface is 4-5 times higher than the boiling point of water, Venus must first be cooled. This can be achieved by placing colossal screens between the sun and Venus at the Lagrange point (between two massive bodies), on which an object with an insignificant mass can be located, without experiencing any influence of these bodies, in addition to gravitational ones. But such an equilibrium is very unstable, so the location of the screens must be constantly changed.
6. It is possible to lower the temperature of the planet by turning part of the atmosphere into dry ice - solid carbon dioxide.
7. The colonization of the planet by algae (chlorella, cyanobacteria), which absorb carbon dioxide, produce oxygen and reduce the greenhouse effect, can also help cool Venus and lower atmospheric pressure. The American scientist Carl Sagan was interested in this.

Why are they thinking about it

Terraforming Venus is attractive for the following:

1. Venus is not far from the Earth, although it is located closer to the sun.
2. Venus has characteristics close to those of the earth (mass, diameter, acceleration of gravity), which is why it is also called the twin sister of the Earth.
3. Solar power on a hot planet is also a positive boon for its terraforming, as it can improve energy development.
4. It is believed that Venus is very rich in solids, such as uranium, which are useful resources.

Modern conditions on the planet

1. The temperature of Venus is 460 degrees Celsius, making it the hottest planet in the solar system.
2. The surface pressure is 93 atmospheres.
3. The gas composition of the planet: 96% - carbon dioxide, the remaining 4% - nitrogen, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), oxygen and water vapor.

Why is it difficult for modern man to survive on Venus

Despite possible attempts to create the necessary conditions for the habitation of living organisms on Venus, a person will practically not be able to live there. This is due to several reasons:

1. Very high surface temperature of Venus (about +460 degrees Celsius). Having got used to the temperature of the Earth (+14 degrees), a person will simply burn out.
2. The pressure on Venus is about 93 atmospheres, while on Earth the atmospheric pressure at sea level is usually taken as just 1 atmosphere (or, as meteorologists say, 760 mm Hg).
3. On Venus, a person will have nothing to breathe. Unlike Earth, which is saturated with oxygen, Venus is rich in carbon dioxide and nitrogen, which are beyond the power of the human lungs.
4. On a hot planet, there is practically no water necessary for the human body. However, it can be delivered there artificially.
5. Venus rotates in the opposite direction compared to the Earth, so day and night are not the usual 24 hours, but 58.5 Earth days each, which is very inconvenient.
6. Since Venus is much closer to the Sun than the Earth, the radiation level is increased. And as you know, it can cause cancer and other dangerous deadly diseases in humans.

What should Venus be like after terraforming?

A planet suitable for living organisms must have a warm climate with normal humidity. It should also have an average temperature of about twice the average temperature of the Earth, that is, about 26 degrees Celsius. The change of day and night coincides with the earthly: 24 hours - 1 day. Water-ammonia comets and asteroids should supply the planet with water. It is supposed to use nanorobots that convert carbon dioxide and other toxic substances and replace them with oxygen, which is more necessary for the respiration of living organisms.

Settlement on the Venusian clouds

The plan to terraform Venus never achieved the expected results and was cancelled. However, scientists were “lit up” with another idea: is it possible to master the clouds of Venus, if living organisms cannot survive on its surface? Clouds, about 10 kilometers thick, are located at an altitude of 60 kilometers from the surface of the planet. Scientists launched the Venera-4 apparatus, which found that the temperature in the cloud layer is -25 degrees Celsius, which is quite acceptable for the human body: you can at least dress warmer, while from a temperature of more than 400 degrees won't do anything. Moreover, on the clouds of Venus, the pressure is approximately the same as on Earth, and ice crystals may well serve as sources of water. Only now, to obtain oxygen, you will need a special mask with a chemical supply unit for the body with breathing gas. True, there is no solid surface on the cloudy Venusian layer, which can cause minor inconvenience. Even the creation of drifting airship stations for the first settlers on Venus was planned. One of the magazines even posted an approximate photo of such a device. It was presented as a huge platform with a spherical transparent multilayer shell.

Unfortunately, this idea has not found its application. The reason for this was the following: scientists sent a couple more spacecraft to Venus, which detected a large number of electrical discharges in the planet's cloudy layer - more than a thousand lightnings pierced the atmosphere at the time when Venera-12 made attempts to land. After a certain amount of time, another reason for the impossibility of mastering the Venusian clouds was discovered: very strong winds that can instantly destroy a drifting airship. After that, several more stations were sent, thanks to which scientists were able to obtain more information about Venus. These data convinced them that the development of a hot planet is beyond the power of people. As a result, attempts at terraforming were abandoned, so the possibility of life on Venus was rejected.

Venus seems to have found life. Or something very similar to her, moving, changing shape. Unique shots of Venusian "inhabitants" under the code names "bird", "disk", "scorpion" were made in the 70-80s of the last century by the Soviet vehicles "Venera-9" and "Venera-13"! And only 30 years later they were declassified by the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as if making such an original gift for the 50th anniversary. MK learned about the strange finds from Leonid Ksanfomaliti, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences from the IKI RAS, the author of the decoding of frames from Venus.

“We do not like the interpretation of the obtained results as signs of life on the planet. However, we cannot find another explanation for what we see in the panoramas of the surface of Venus, ”as one of its two authors Ph. But on the article by Xanfomality in the "Astronomical Bulletin" then, in the 80s, alas, that's how it all ended. The scientific community firmly stood its ground: at +500 Celsius and a pressure of 87–90 atmospheres, life cannot exist. Everything that refuted this dogma was considered unscientific, having no right to exist. And the work on deciphering the first films from Venus was sent to the most that neither is a box.

I would not say that we gave up, says Xanfomality. - We turned to old data again and again, as processing tools improved. And the most significant finds were made two or three years ago.

- Well, tell us, finally, about these "objects".

The earliest finds began to come from Venera-9, which landed on the planet of the same name, in 1975. On the very first panorama transmitted by the device, the attention of several groups of experimenters was attracted by a symmetrical object resembling a sitting bird with an outstretched tail. Geologists cautiously called it "a strange stone with a rod-like protrusion and a bumpy surface." "Stone" was discussed in the final collection of articles "The first panoramas of the surface of Venus" edited by Mstislav Keldysh and in a hefty volume of the international edition "VENUS". He interested me on October 22, 1975 - as soon as the tape with the panorama crawled out of the bulky telegraph apparatus at the Evpatoria Center for Deep Space Communications. The strange “bird” object was symmetrical about the longitudinal axis, its entire surface was covered with strange growths, and some kind of symmetry could also be seen in their position. To the left of the object protruded a long straight white appendage, under which a deep shadow was visible, repeating its shape. The white process is very similar to a straight tail. On the opposite side, the object ended in a large white rounded protrusion that looked like a head. The whole object rested on a short thick "paw". True, in the eight minutes that had elapsed before the camera lens returned to the object (it scanned the entire visible surface of the planet), it did not change its position at all.

- But then there were other objects?

Then the information came from the Venera-13 and Venera-14 missions in 1982. So, "Venus-13" gave us an image of a strange "disk" that changes its shape. The "disk" has a regular shape, apparently round, about 30 cm in diameter and resembles a large shell. On the first two frames (32nd and 72nd minutes), the appearance of the “disk” hardly changed, but at the end of the 72nd minute a short arc appeared in its lower part. On the third frame (86th minute), the arc became several times longer, and the “disk” began to divide into parts. At the 93rd minute, the "disk" disappeared, and instead of it, a symmetrical light object of approximately the same size appeared, formed by numerous V-shaped folds - "chevrons". After 26 minutes, on the last frame (119th minute), the “disk” has completely recovered and is clearly visible. Thus, five frames demonstrate a complete cycle of changes in the shape of the "disk".

But, perhaps, the most important “object” found on the frames transmitted from Venera-13 was an object code-named “scorpion”. It appeared at about the 90th minute along with a half-ring adjacent to it on the right. First of all, his attention was attracted, of course, by his strange appearance. "Scorpion" is about 17 cm long and has a complex structure, reminiscent of terrestrial insects or arachnids. Its shape cannot be the result of a random combination of dark, gray and light dots. The image of the "scorpion" consists of 940 points, the probability of the formation of such a structure due to a random combination of points is small. In other words, the possibility of the accidental appearance of a "scorpion" is excluded. In addition, it casts a distinct shadow, and therefore it is a real object and not an artifact. A simple combination of points cannot cast a shadow.

Now about the dynamics of the appearance of the "scorpion". The impact of the apparatus on the soil during landing caused the destruction of the soil at a depth of about 5 cm and threw it in the direction of lateral movement, filling the surface. In the first image (7th minute), a shallow groove about 10 cm long is visible in the ejected soil. In the second image (20th minute), the sides of the groove have risen, and its length has increased to about 15 cm. In the third (59th minute) the regular structure of the "scorpion" became visible in the groove. Finally, at the 93rd minute, the “scorpion” completely got out of the 1–2 cm thick layer of soil that covered it. At the 119th minute, it disappeared from the frame and is absent in subsequent images.

Couldn't the wind have blown it away?

We have considered this option. Wind speed was measured in many experiments and estimated to be between 0.3 and 0.48 m/s. Such a speed could hardly move an object. Another likely reason for the disappearance of the "scorpion" may be that it was moving around.

- What methods did you use in your work?

During processing, the most simple and "linear" methods were used - adjusting brightness, contrast, blurring or sharpening. Any other means - retouching, adjusting, or using any version of Photoshop - was completely excluded.

Well, our scientists, as always, are modest in their repertoire, a little embarrassed about the fame that is about to fall on them. Even now, after so many years, they either pretend or really underestimate the results obtained. Judge for yourself: the director of the IKI RAS, Professor Lev Zeleny, accidentally mentioned the moving “objects” discovered by Xanfomality and other employees of the institute at a press conference held on Monday, without attaching much importance to them. It only remains for us in this case to recall the well-known aphorism that new ideas in science usually go through three stages: 1. What nonsense! 2. There is something in this ... 3. Well, who doesn’t know this!

Venus is nicknamed the "Earth's evil twin" for a reason: red-hot, dehydrated, covered in toxic clouds. But just one or two billion years ago, the two sisters may have been more alike. New computer simulations suggest that early Venus closely resembled our home planet and may even have been habitable.

“One of the biggest mysteries of Venus is how it came to be so different from Earth. The question becomes even more interesting when, from an astrobiological perspective, you consider the possibility that Venus and Earth were very similar at the beginning of life on Earth,” says David Grinspoon of the US Planetary Institute in Tucson, Arizona.

Grinspoon and his colleagues are not the first to suggest that Venus was once habitable. It is similar to the Earth in size and density, and one cannot ignore the fact that the two planets formed close to each other, which suggests that they are created from similar materials. Venus also has an unusually high ratio of deuterium to hydrogen atoms, a sign that it once had a significant amount of water, mysteriously disappearing over time.

Artistic depiction of the climate of present-day Venus. Credit: Deviantart/Tr1umph

To simulate early Venus, the researchers turned to a model of environmental conditions used to study climate change on Earth. They created four scenarios that differ slightly in details, such as the amount of energy received from the Sun, or the length of the Venusian day. Where information about Venus's climate was scarce, the team filled in the gaps with educated guesses. They also added a shallow ocean (10% of the Earth's ocean volume), covering about 60 percent of the planet's surface.

By looking at the development of each version over time, the researchers speculated that the planet could have looked like the early Earth, and be habitable for a significant period. The most promising of the four scenarios was a model with moderate temperatures, thick clouds and light snowfall.

Could life have appeared on early Venus? If this did not happen, the reason for this was the oceans and volcanoes that subsequently boiled away, dramatically changing the landscape about 715 million years ago. But still, the team did not rule out the possibility of life developing in ancient times on the second planet of the solar system.

“Both planets likely enjoyed warm oceans of water combined with rocky shores and organic molecules chemically evolving in those oceans. As far as we understand, today these are the requirements for theories of the origin of life,” says David Grinspoon.

To reinforce these findings, future missions to Venus should focus on signs of water-related erosion that would provide evidence for oceans in the past. Such signs have already been found on Mars. NASA is currently considering two potential projects to explore Venus, although neither has yet been approved.

LIFE ON VENUS

You will be asked about the contradiction between the latest achievements of science and the statement of the Letters of E.I.R., which speaks of the existence of fish on Venus, at a time when, according to the indisputable data of science, the temperature on this planet excludes the possibility of the existence of water on it, and hence the fish. But such doubts fully correspond to those doubts that exist regarding our planet: we do not believe in the existence of the Subtle World, and the manifestation of subtle bodies, while there are countless evidence and most reliable photographs of "ghosts".

You have read that Venus is now in her Seventh Round and Seventh Race. This means that Venus is finishing its evolution. Relatively soon, a small star will appear near this planet - one of the comets, passing the zone of attraction of Venus, will be captured by this planet and will turn into its satellite. Aeons will pass, and the satellite of Venus will grow, gradually turning into a large planet. Venus will shrink, move away from the new body, and gradually become the satellite, or Moon, of New Venus.

In the same "Letters to H.I.R." there is a statement that now our planet, which is in its fourth round, has approached the threshold of its Sixth Race, and that by the end of this race, the current dense bodies will be completely replaced by a condensed astral. The new body has already been created, and most of the employees of the White Brotherhood, who are in Shambhala, reside in it. It is said that experiments with the densified astral are the systematic beginning of the Sixth Race. Each planet has its own characteristics, but there are also general laws for the development of life on the planets. The latter include the gradual decompression of the bodies that live on the planet.

Each visible planet is the fourth globe in the septenary chain of planets. The septenary chain, besides the physical globes, consists of two globes on the etheric plane, two on the Kama-Rupic and two on the Kama-Manas plane. The evolution of the human stream moves along this chain, like an arrow on a dial: the manifestation of life on a new planet begins with the appearance of the monads of the first race on the first globe. The monad stream consists of seven classes. After this stream has gone through seven cycles - seven epochs or seven races on the first globe, the monads pass to the second globe, the septenary rotation on which allows them to acquire the necessary qualities for the transition to the third globe. The gradual densification of the astral sheaths on this plane allows the monads to finally manifest themselves on the physical globe, where, in the first race, they resemble ghosts rather than physical beings. The reproduction of these bodies occurs in a way reminiscent of cell division. The second race is already acquiring a state of densified astral, and its reproduction is changing: the presence of two principles is found in its bodies, in other words, the second race is the race of androgynes. Only in the third race does the division of mankind into women and men take place, and for the first time does the present mode of reproduction arise. Note that all other forms of life, as well as the elements, evolve along with man. The crust of the Earth is gradually compacted, the plant and animal worlds appear on it, corresponding to the temperature conditions of the epochs, which are constantly changing towards cooling.

The description of evolution refers to the manifestation of the Fourth Round on Earth. We know almost nothing about the evolution of the physical globe during the three previous circles, because it is not possible for present-day humanity to form an idea of ​​the forms of those distant times. One can only imagine, guided by the laws of analogy, that somewhere around the middle of the third circle, the earth's crust reached the state of its present hardness. It is only known that at the beginning of our Fourth Round, man was the first species of life to appear on Earth.

In the Fourth Race (Fourth Round) the shells of the monads reached their greatest hardness or coarsening. People were of enormous growth and successfully fought with the huge brute animals of those eras. Gradually, the structure of the bodies became thinner, growth decreased, until the humanity of the fifth, our race, reached its present state.

If already in the FOURTH ROUND, by the end of the SIXTH RACE, people and animals pass completely into the state of densified astral, then it can be argued that in the seventh race they will completely disappear from the field of view of the physical eye, and astronauts, like our current astronauts, who arrived on Earth, will state "the complete absence of life on Earth," But what can be said about the seventh race of the Seventh Circle of the Earth? By that time, the state of the earth's crust will have completely changed. By that time, our Moon will completely disappear from our sky - it will dissolve in the Earth's atmosphere, and the physical globe itself will already be prepared for the transition to the state of the Moon of a new planet.

Life on Venus exists, moreover, it is at the zenith of its heyday. But, in accordance with the laws of evolution, it has completely moved to the last globe of Venus. That physical globe, which is now being photographed by terrestrial apparatuses, has been in a state of deep obscuration for many millions of years, even more than that, it is already completely dead, and there is not and cannot be any life on it. The fact is that when the flow of Monads leaves a globe, say, in the second circle, in order to return to it during the third spiral, then this globe plunges into a deep sleep or the so-called state of obscuration. But when the globe is abandoned by the monads after their last round, it dies forever.

We know that Mars is in a period of obscuration. A new life on it will not begin soon. Mercury begins to emerge from the state of obscuration, it enters its seventh circle - it no longer has a lawful Moon - it has long been dissolved in its atmosphere and gave it its matter. Deimos and Phobos are not moons, but satellites captured by the gravity of Mars during a catastrophe - the explosion of a planet located between Mars and Jupiter. During the explosion, these planets were close to the catastrophe and attracted pieces of the planetary body that flew into the zone of their attraction. The latest photographs of the satellites of Mars, and especially the latest photograph of Phobos, very clearly confirm that Phobos is a piece of a collapsed planet. It is formless, and on part of its surface, mountains similar to those of the moon are clearly visible.

While on Earth, one can visit distant worlds in the mental body. It was in the mental body that Urusvati visited the planet Venus and saw life on her seventh globe. In order to visit the sixth globe, she had to create a vehicle for herself from the matter of the sixth globe. In order to penetrate physical Venus, it would have had to clothe itself in the matter of the fifth globe and condense it so as to finally enter the surface of Venus, now studied by science.

So, if our scientists discovered the fifth twin of Venus, they would shout to the whole world that there [is] no life there either. If they had opened the sixth globe, they would have firmly established themselves! Of course, as in our subtle worlds, all forms of life and matter have their equivalents and, of course, subtle water and subtle fish are only equivalents of physical water and physical fish, but our consciousness perceives these equivalents in those forms that can reflect these impressions. .

Yes! On Venus there is no water, no fish, just as there is no other life, and at the same time, there is life on Venus that is raging in amazingly beautiful forms.

We must be careful when comparing life on Earth with life on the far-off worlds. Thus, it cannot be categorically stated that if, at a temperature of 400 degrees Celsius, terrestrial water would have evaporated on Venus instantly, then, perhaps, the water of Venus can exist on this planet due to special conditions unknown on Earth. Maybe there are ingredients in its chemical composition that keep it in a liquid state, despite 400 degrees Celsius.

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