Doubtful consonants: examples. Spelling of doubtful consonants at the root of a word. Meaning of doubtful consonants in the dictionary of linguistic terms Doubtful consonant in the word cradle

The Russian language would not be great and powerful if it did not have a complex grammar. And to learn all the rules is not at all easy not only for foreign students, but also for native speakers. Even in the primary grades, when teaching spelling, schoolchildren face serious problems, one of which is dubious consonants. Examples of words with them cause a lot of difficulties and underlining with a red pen from an angry teacher in notebooks. How to dispel doubts? We will try to find the answers in this article.

Strong position

From what part of the word and in what environment this or that sound is located, its position depends: strong or weak. In a weak position, the sound loses its distinctive properties and becomes like another, stronger one. Thus, a strong position reveals all the properties of the sound and allows you to distinguish it from the rest in the flow of natural speech.

Of course, a strong position for a vowel sound is its being under stress. In the word "hurry" the sound [e] is unstressed, so it can be easily mistaken for [and]. To check the spelling, it is worth choosing where the desired vowel would be under stress - “hurry”. Since the root of the word has not changed, we can conclude: the letter is written in the word e.

There are two types of strong position for consonants: voiced and deaf, as well as hard and soft. In the first case, the consonant must either be after the vowel (floor, beat), or after the sound [v] (your, anger). The participation of voice in vowels and helps to reveal the strengths of the consonant sound. In the case of hardness and softness, the strong position of the consonant is at the end of the word (angle - coal), before the vowel (they say - chalk), and also before (mock). in a strong position are intuitive to all native speakers. Therefore, they never cause difficulties for students and are easy to remember.

Weak position

It is she who causes the greatest difficulties in teaching spelling, since the sound in this position loses its distinctive properties. Instead of a voiced consonant, the student really wants to write a deaf consonant, and replace the hard one with a soft one. The morphological principle of writing words in Russian is to blame for this confusion - it is necessary to write all the meaningful parts of a word according to a standard pattern, not paying attention to the peculiarities of their pronunciation.

For vowels, this, of course, is the position in an unstressed syllable: spring, milk. Sounds in this position lose longitude and strength. As mentioned above, to check the spelling of such words, it is necessary to select similar forms with the same sound in a strong position - under stress.

With consonants, the situation is much more complicated. If we talk about deafness and sonority, then the weak position in this case will be the position of the sound at the end of the word (zu b), as well as before noisy deaf and voiced consonants (lo dk a, pere sd acha).

They also make up dubious consonant examples in terms of softness / hardness: this is primarily an assimilation of the soft consonant in front (whether st ik, sun yo, sbo rsh ik). More details about the features of writing a soft sign will be discussed in the penultimate chapter.

At the end of a word

In what positions are the most common words with doubtful consonants? The examples are very numerous, therefore, first of all, we will separately consider the final position - it is most common in the great and mighty.

Voiced consonants at the end of a word have a strong tendency to become stunned, since the pronunciation effort is reduced to a minimum by the end of the word. The sounds [f] in the word "lens", [w] in the word "swift" are dubious consonants. There are no examples of voicing at the end of Russian words.

It is easy to check the spelling of such consonants - you need to change the word form so that after an incomprehensible sound there is a vowel: "objectives", "swifts".

You should also remember about unverifiable cases: the genitive plural (stol) and gerunds (having fallen, done).

Doubtful consonants at the root of the word: examples and rules

The root of the word is the most important part that carries the meaning, therefore, in no case should it be distorted. There are many cases when it is worth remembering the spelling of dubious consonants at the root of a word. Examples will follow below.

First of all, the selection of a test word with the same consonant in a strong position can greatly facilitate the writing of many words (lubrication - lubricate). The alternation of the consonants Mrs. and ts-ch is also sometimes found in Russian (kovrizhka - kovriga).

double consonant

If the prefix and the root are joined using the same consonant, it doubles (heartless, appeal). The same applies to the junction of two stems in compound words (chief physician). Often this feature is reflected in pronunciation, so it does not cause difficulties.

There are other positions in which there are dubious consonants in the root: examples concern joints with suffixes. If the root ends in a double consonant, it remains before the suffix in full: ten-point, compromise.

The unverifiable dubious consonants at the root of the word will make the memory work hard. Examples can be found in the spelling dictionary: ato ll, gi bb he, ca ll igraphy, couple ll elogram, tennisand others.

Soft sign: needed or not

The softness of the consonant is often questioned. The problem here is that not only a soft sign can soften the sound, but also a vowel with an iot component (letters e, e, u, i, as well as i). Therefore, in words where such a vowel follows two consonants, a soft sign between them is not needed. This rule once again confirms what a complex phenomenon is doubtful consonants. Examples: snowball, chick, racer, bridle.

A special point in this rule - numerals from fifty to eighty, as well as from five hundred to nine hundred. Soft sign in words six hundred, seven hundred remains as part of the stem in the compound word. Infinitives are written with a soft sign before the postfix, in contrast to the personal forms of the verb (study well - they study well). This also includes the imperative mood of the verb in the plural. (sit down, stop).

Doubtful and examples and rules

The confluence of three or more consonants inevitably entails the loss of one of them, which is in the weakest position. The selection of a single-root word with this sound in a strong position will become a reliable assistant in this case as well. For example : hello - health, amateurish - amateur. But the word "ladder" will have to be remembered, because the test "ladder" will not help here.

How to stop doubting

Only a combination of different methods will help to deal forever with the many-sided problem of dubious consonants in the Russian language. First of all, it is worth adopting the selection of test words with consonants in a strong position. In addition to self-examination, the search for such forms is also an exciting activity that allows you to once again pay attention to your vocabulary.

Of course, there are many words that cannot be verified due to their origin or uniqueness. Such cases are collected in any spelling dictionary - a reliable assistant for anyone who wants to know the Russian language thoroughly.

And finally, do not despair - very few people can fully comprehend the most complex grammar of the Russian language. Any spelling errors do not need to be treated too emotionally, it is enough just to correct them willingly and try to remember. Doubts are inherent not only in consonant sounds, but also in each of us.

indicate the erroneous judgment: 1) in the word CHTILI, all consonant sounds have a pair of hardness-softness 2) in the word FRIENDS, the number of sounds and letters is the same

3) in the word FORMER, the letter B denotes the sound (f) 4) in the word MANER, all consonants are voiced

Write down in three columns: 1) words with aparous in voicing - deafness consonants in the root; 2) words with unpronounceable consonants at the root;

3) words with doubled consonants at the root.

der (sk) y, known (sn) y, and () ku (s) tvo, how (sk) y, not (sn) y, kro (s) word, re (tk) y, ki (l) ogre (m), gi (p) cue, kamy (sh), miracle (sn) th, a (l) ee, is (tk) a, gr (sn) th, pe (r) he, svi (sn) st , a (p) etit, conversation (tk) a, participate (st) vovat, excursion (s) iya

What words would you not write in any of the groups?

Help! :-) 1. Specify an erroneous judgment. 1) There are two consonants in the word ITS. 2) There are more sounds in the word OWN than letters.

3) The word POWER has four syllables.

4) In the word PUGACH, all consonants have a pair of hardness - softness. 2. Specify a word with an alternating vowel in the root.

1) distinguished

2) were going

3) originated

4) reconcile

3. In what word is the prefix always spelled the same, regardless of pronunciation?

2) resounded

3) conversation

4) deal with

4. In which word is the spelling of the suffix determined by the rule: “In the short passive participle of the past tense, N is written”?

2) contemptuously

3) huge

4) put to shame

5. Write out the grammatical basis of the sentence:

There, in the heavenly floors, it seemed that a completely different life was going on than below.

6.Among the suggestions:

1) So Lyovka from a person who was going to disgrace the whole world,
turned into a hero.

2) And from this, probably, that time was born in Glebov that heaviness at the bottom of the soul ...

3) And there is no more unfortunate people stricken with envy.

4) And there was no more devastating misfortune than what happened to Glebov at the moment of his seemingly supreme triumph.

find offers with a separate

agreed definition. Write the numbers of these proposals.

7. Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence:

Then all five rushed to the sides, Lyovka got to his feet, and in his hand he held a bugger that fired special caps.

8.Among the suggestions:

car tire.

find a complex sentence with a homogeneous

subordination of adjectives. Write the number of this offer.
9. Among the suggestions:

1) The boys - there were five of them - called Lyovka after school
to the backyard, surrounded, arguing about something, and suddenly the Bear, the main
strongman of the class, grabbed Lyovka by the neck, knocked him over backwards with a jerk,
the rest with cries of "hoo!" pounced, Lyovka resisted, beat

feet, but, of course, he was crushed, twisted, someone sat on his chest.

2) And suddenly there was a loud crash, as if a cracker had exploded or burst
car tire.

3) Then all five rushed to the sides, Lyovka got to his feet, and in his hand he held a bugger that fired special caps.

4) Shulepa came out of this story as a winner, and the attackers were put to shame and subsequently tried their best to make peace and make friends with him.
5) So Lyovka from a person who was going to disgrace the whole world turned into a hero.

find a compound sentence with a non-union and

allied coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts.
Write the number of this offer.

Point out the erroneous statement. 1) In the word SLEEP, all consonants have a pair of sonority. 2) In the word SVYAZISTOV, the last sound is [f]. 3) In the word FEELING

the number of sounds and letters is the same. 4) In the word NOW, all consonants are soft.

A conditional term used in relation to the writing of consonants denoting consonant sounds in a weak position. To check such spellings, related words or another form of the same word are selected, in which the checked consonant is followed by a vowel or sonorant consonant. cf.; pond (ponds) - rod (twig), frost (frosty) - question (question). Unverifiable consonants (asbestos, railway station, football, etc.) also belong to doubtful ones.

• - See score...

  Glossary of business terms

• - invoices payable; for which the probability of timely payment is very low ...

  Economic dictionary

• - ".....

  Official terminology

• - "...III category of quality - significant credit risk;.....

  Official terminology

• - this is how the accounting department calls the amounts due to the enterprise, about which there are more or less reliable data that all or most of the debt will not be received by the enterprise ...

  Reference commercial dictionary

• - consonants formed by pressing the tip of the tongue to the alveoli. For example, English...
• - consonants, during the pronunciation of which the tip of the tongue is pressed against the teeth, gums, alveoli or bent to the hard palate. For example, English interdental, ...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - posterior palate, consonants, formed by raising the back of the back of the tongue to the back palate or to the back of the hard palate. See Consonants...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - speech sounds that are combined in a syllable with vowels and, in contrast, do not form the top of a syllable ...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• Modern Encyclopedia

• - speech sounds opposed to vowels and consisting of voice and noise or only noise that is formed in the oral cavity, where the air stream meets various obstacles ...

  Big encyclopedic dictionary

• - Section 58...

  Russian spelling rules

• - The same as labial-labial consonants ...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms

• - Sounds, during the formation of which the tension is localized at the place of formation of the barrier, a strong air jet overcomes the barrier at the focus of the formation of the consonant, exploding it and passing through the gap. These noises...

  Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

• - ...

  Word forms

• - adj., number of synonyms: 1 concocted the case ...

  Synonym dictionary

"doubtful consonants" in books

Doubtful species.

author Darwin Charles

Doubtful species.

From the book On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favored Breeds in the Struggle for Life author Darwin Charles

Doubtful species. In some respects, forms of particular importance to us are those that have largely the characteristics of species, but are so similar to other forms, or so closely related to them in intermediate gradations, that naturalists are not inclined to consider them in

Chapter 4 Doubtful Truths

From the book of Bulgakov and "Margarita", or The Story of Unhappy Love "Masters" author Kolganov Vladimir Alekseevich

CHAPTER 7 Dubious Maneuvers

From Adenauer's book. Father of the new Germany author Williams Charles

Questionable lessons from China

From the book Disruptive Economies [In Search of the Next Economic Miracle] by Sharma Ruchir

Doubtful Lessons from China The AKP's coming to power caused the expected paranoid cries of the secular elite about the threat of an Islamic coup, but the party was guided in its actions and decisions from the very beginning by the fundamental interests of its constituents. WITH

1. Dubious Heroes

by Norman Peter

1. Dubious Heroes Crisis is the time when dubious heroes appear. The bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers empire on September 15, 2008 was no exception. On the day Lehman filed for bankruptcy in the United States, a small group of financial institutions immediately began

1. Dubious Heroes

From the book Managing Risk. Clearing with central counterparties in global financial markets by Norman Peter

1. Dubious Heroes 1. Address to the Depository and Trust Clearing Corporation Executive Forum, October 29, 2008.2. Terrence Duffy's speech before the Senate Agriculture, Food and Forestry Committee, October 14, 2008.3. Conversation

Questionable records

From the book Phenomena People author Nepomniachtchi Nikolai Nikolaevich

Doubtful records Lethargic dream Yugoslav doctors observed an 11-year-old girl who suddenly, having learned from her grandmother that her brother was born, experienced an attack of jealousy towards him, was very upset and suddenly fell asleep. She slept for 28 days and woke up exactly on that

Doubtful testimony

From the book The Nuremberg Trials and the Holocaust author Weber Mark

Dubious Testimony Much of the evidence for the Holocaust theory presented at Nuremberg and in subsequent trials was that of "survivors." As many historians today acknowledge, such evidence was very often false. 55 Gerald Reitlinger

12. Don't use questionable methods

From the author's book

12. Do not use questionable methods This principle is the opposite of the previous one. Indeed: Vader's principles - "carriage and small cart"; It can take years to figure out which works and which doesn't. I am you these years

139. Doubtful squares

From the book Fun Tasks. Two hundred puzzles author Perelman Yakov Isidorovich

139. Doubtful Squares The drawing teacher asked the student to draw two equal squares and shade them. The student did the work as shown in Fig. 138. He was sure that they were squares and, moreover, equal. Why is he so

9. Doubtful squares

From the book Puzzles. Release 2 author Perelman Yakov Isidorovich

9. Doubtful squares The drawing teacher asked the student to draw two equal squares and shade them. The student did the work as shown in Fig. 5. He was sure that these were squares and, moreover, equal. Why was he so

1. Alleged (doubtful) signs

From the book Obstetrics and Gynecology: Lecture Notes author Ilyin A A

1. Presumptive (doubtful) signs Associated with general changes in the body of a pregnant woman. There is a change in appetite and taste, smell, nausea, sometimes vomiting in the morning, weakness, malaise, irritability, tearfulness. To the same signs

From the book Pseudoscience and the Paranormal [Critical View] author Smith Jonathan

Questionable sources Is astrology true? In chapters 4 and 5 we will look at its logical and scientific basis. However, many people believe in astrology for a variety of reasons. Ancient Wisdom

188. Dubious excuses

From the book of Proverbs and History, Volume 1 author Baba Sri Sathya Sai

188. Dubious Excuses Once Krishna and His associates entered a house and were already removing a jar of oil from a shelf when the hostess suddenly entered the room. “Why did you come here?” she asked. “My mother took a stick to beat me, so I ran here out of fear,”

130 0

A conditional term used in relation to the writing of consonants denoting consonant sounds in a weak position. To check such spellings, related words or another form of the same word are selected, in which the checked consonant is followed by a vowel or sonorant consonant. cf.; pond (ponds) - rod (twig), frost (frosty) - question (question). Unverifiable consonants (asbestos, railway station, football, etc.) also belong to doubtful ones.

Meanings in other dictionaries

Agreed predicate

A verbal predicate that agrees with the subject in person, number, gender. The agreement of the predicate in person occurs when the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun. I know you will love him, my Pashenka (L. Tolstoy). Do you know the land where everything breathes in abundance? (A.K. Tolstoy). The predicate with the subject expressed by the noun is used in the form of the 3rd person. The bee knows me...

Solecism

(Greek soloikismos from the name Sol - an ancient Athenian colony that has lost the purity of the Greek language). An error against the rules of syntax, an incorrect choice of grammatical form for a given construction. Whoever needs material assistance, it is necessary for him to provide it (instead of ... it will be careless or it is necessary for him to provide it). What time is it? (colloquially). ...