Lesson plan for a lesson in social studies (grade 10) on the topic: Lesson “The purpose and meaning of human life.” Master class in social studies on the topic “The meaning of human life” (grade 10)

LESSON ON SOCIAL STUDIES IN 10TH GRADE

MBOU "School No. 19(25)" Ryazan

TOPIC: “PURPOSE AND MEANING OF HUMAN LIFE”

History and social studies teacher Elena Vladimirovna Pominova

GOALS: 1. The didactic goal is to create conditions for awareness and comprehension

block of new educational information, application of knowledge and skills in familiar and new educational situations, checking the level of mastery of the material using problem-based technology.

2. The educational goal is to contribute to the formation of ideas about the meaning and purpose of life, to consider different positions in relation to the meaning of life and to think about one’s own understanding of life’s goals and objectives.

3. Developmental goal - to contribute to teaching schoolchildren the ability to analyze documents and give examples that confirm or refute the views of the authors, to continue educational cooperation when working in small groups (drawing up projects)

4. The educational goal is to form the experience of equal cooperation between teacher and students, the value of one’s own life goals and objectives while respecting the goals and objectives of other people, to be able to refuse to implement one’s plans at the expense of other people, to understand the importance of compromise in public life.

TYPE OF LESSON: combined

LESSON FORM: mixed: brainstorming, individual work and

small groups, filling out the table, presenting projects, referring to the text of the textbook, discussion, fragment of a lecture preparation for completing the EGE (ESSE) task

EQUIPMENT:

Textbook

Computer connected to the Internet, printer

Dictionaries

SOFTWARE: MSOFFICE : MICROSOF POWER POINT

MIKROSOFT WORD

The lesson summary was made according to the textbook, part 1 L.N. Bogolyubov, A.Yu. Labeznikova, M. Prosveshchenie, 2013.

Structure and content (Progress) of the lesson:

Organizational moment: greeting, readiness of the workplace, getting ready for active work.

Motivation and goal setting

Today in class we will continue to talk about man and turn to the following questions

What is the purpose and meaning of life, what does it consist of?

Is there a unique meaning of life in the world for everyone or does everyone have their own?

What life goals and objectives can a person have?

How are a person’s ideals and values ​​formed?

As a result you should

Name at least three different positions in relation to the meaning of life.

Analyze documents and provide examples that confirm or refute the views of the authors.

Express your own point of view regarding the meaning of life

In order to enter into a new topic, it is necessary to return to the question: Man is the result of a biological and socio-cultural revolution. We will do this through a test dictation (example 1)

progress check

the last test is a bridge to move on to a new topic

plan for learning new material

Life goals

Finding the meaning of life

A person's life position

Learning new material

Teacher - 2+1 concepts purpose of life definition

meaning of life + theory

happiness question

On the board the phrase “Happiness is when you…” continue the phrase using the following:

Respected

Understand

Afraid

Provide + your own version of the end of the phrase

Protect

Entertain

Listening

2. Do people’s idea of ​​happiness change over time (life, person, historical eras)

3. Do you know happy people?

(examples of historical figures, heroes of feature films, literary heroes)

Conclusion: A person becomes happy when he realizes the goals and objectives he has set for himself.

Work in groups (5 groups of 4 people) - project activities in groups

Lesson preparations tree of life

1 task 1. Root - moment of birth

(collective) 2. Trunk - life

3. Branches - tasks that need to be solved throughout life

4. Tree tops are the most important thing in life.

Pth task filling out the table according to the following classifications

individual

MY 1. Spiritual yearning

2. Material

3. Momentary

4. Short-term

5. Long term

completion of work on this stage of the lesson

General project of its protection

each group

Working with conceptual material

1. Table on the board:

Concepts of the meaning of life:

Asceticism (from Greek - I exercise)	Life is renunciation of the world, mortification of the flesh for the atonement of sins
Hedomism (from Greek - pleasure)	Life means enjoying
Pragmatism (from Greek - deed, action)	The purpose of life justifies any means to achieve it
Utilitarianism (from Greek - benefit)	To live means to benefit from everything
Eudaimonism (from Greek - bliss, happiness)	Life is the pursuit of happiness as the true purpose of man
Ethics of duty	life is self-sacrifice, altruism in the name of serving an ideal

Work with the document + short lecture

Internet (board) Wisdom of the ages about the meaning of life

assignment for students

Add those theories to the table on the board. which will now be voiced + write them down in your notebook:

Schopenhauer "Death and its relation to the indestructibility of our being"

What life position are we talking about?

During life, a person’s will is deprived of freedom: all his actions, driven by the purpose of his motives, are inevitably performed on the basis of his unchanging character. Meanwhile, everyone keeps within himself memories of many things that he has done and why he is dissatisfied with himself. but even if he lived forever, then due to this immutability of character, he would forever act in the same exact way. Therefore he must cease to be what he is. So that from the embryo of its existence it can be reborn as something different and new. And death breaks these bonds, the will again becomes free, for freedom lies not in it, but in action... Death is a moment of liberation from the one-sidedness of the individual form, which does not constitute the innermost core of our being, but rather is a kind of perversion of it: true, the original freedom again occurs at this moment, and therefore, in the indicated sense, one can look at it as a general restoration of order.

Teacher:

Humanity began early to think about what influences life and

what laws does it follow? many ancient thinkers doubted the possibility of finding out the meaning of human life, much less changing it. The fabulist Aesop argued that you still can’t escape fate, and therefore a person should be able to be content with what he has, and the famous orator Cicero declared “Life is ruled not by wisdom, but by fate.” This attitude to life is called fatalism(translated from Greek fatal

Omar Khayyam: Persian poet

“Life is a desert, we wander through it naked

Mortal, full of pride, you are simply ridiculous!

You find a reason for every step -

meanwhile, it has long been a foregone conclusion in heaven.”

One of the books of the Bible (Book of Ecclesiastes) says that all days

human beings are full of sorrows, and nothing good should be expected from life on earth. These views are called pessimistic from the Latin root - worst.

The French philosopher Voltaire skeptically noted that all people

are like living in the small norms of a huge building and not knowing either its architect or its purpose. This skepticism(translated as considering, exploring), expressing regret in a person’s ability to find the true meaning of life.

Since ancient times, there have been people who believed that everything in the world

reasonable, our life is wonderful and all people have a wonderful future. This optimism- faith and belief in the possibility of the triumph of good over evil, justice over injustice. A representative of this movement, the German philosopher Leibniz, said that our world is the best of all possible worlds.

Ferdowsi, Persian poet:
“The world is only eternal, Our life is instantaneous,

But the name remains in the Universe.

Only good deeds people

Glorify. The rest will all die.

a) Answers to the questions given at the beginning of the lesson

discussion on issues

Does a person need to have a certain position in life?

Which of the considered attitudes to life is preferable and why?

On what factors does a person’s life position depend?

Can people with different life positions communicate with each other?

Lesson summary

Homework

On the walls of the Delphic temple were written 7 short sayings - lessons of life wisdom. they read:

Know yourself

Nothing over the top

Measure is most important

Everything has its time

The most important thing in life is completion

There is no good in excessive drinking

Vouch only for yourself.

Think and figure out what they mean to you. From preparation for the EGE.

Selection of material based on 1. Schopenhauer

(source reference) 2. F. Aquinas

3. F Nietzsche

4. J. Locke

paragraph 3 of the textbook

Appendix No. 1

Test dictation

A stable system of socially significant properties that characterize a representative of a particular society refers to the characteristic

1. individual

   individuality

   personalities

The terms “self-esteem”, “self-realization”, “self-development” refer to the characteristics of a person as

individual

personalities

individual

biological individual

The terms “uniqueness”, distinctive couples “otherness” are used to characterize a person as

1. individual

2. personalities

3. individuality

4. citizen

A distinctive feature of the concept of personality is that a person has

emotional and sensory reactions to environmental influences

responsibility for your actions and their consequences

genetic conditioning of behavior

instincts of self-preservation and care for offspring

5. The main manifestation of a person’s personality is(s)

1. participation in society

2. the nature of mental processes

3. genetically inherited qualities

features of thinking and memory

6. Are the following judgments about a person true?

A. All human actions are by their nature rationally consistent

with reason.

B. Human behavior is influenced by the subconscious and natural instincts

and attractions

the only answer is A

the only answer is B

both judgments are correct

both statements are incorrect

7. The ability to sacrifice some of one’s interests for the sake of solving common problems, to abandon some of one’s goals for the sake of general agreement is called

1. tolerance

2. tolerance

3. compromise

Municipal autonomous educational institution “Secondary school No. 25 with in-depth study of individual subjects named after V.A. Malysheva"

Social studies lesson notes in 10th grade

"The purpose and meaning of human life"

Lesson outline

social studies developed

history teacher

and social studies

Fimina's Love

Stepanovna

Syktyvkar - 2014

Lesson summary “The purpose and meaning of human life”

Lesson type: - a lesson on reflection using philosophical aphorisms and parables.

The technology used is the technology of ethical dialogue

Goal: developing a sense of value for your life, for your soul.

Tasks :
1. Teach to delve into the essence of philosophical thoughts, to ponder their meaning.

2. Formation of a desire for a healthy lifestyle and a value-based attitude towards one’s life.

3. Developing students’ ability to reason on complex topics and share their thoughts.

Equipment – ​​printed assignments with excerpts from philosophical parables on desks, multimedia projector.

Resources.

http://vk.com/dvorikdushi

https://vk.com/filosof_pritchi

Lesson plan.

1. Motivational part of the lesson

3. Reflection.

1. Motivational part of the lesson.

Teacher's opening speech.

Today we have an unusual lesson. This is a lesson-reflection, reflection on the most important thing. You all now face a choice. Choosing an educational institution, a future profession, but all this is only part of your independent life. Therefore, it is very important that you stop and think now. We thought about what always worries a person. What question has bothered humanity throughout its existence?

Various student options are heard. The teacher leads them to think about the meaning of human life.

Formulate the topic of the lesson

The purpose and meaning of human life.

2. Work with presentation materials and texts of parables.
3. Reflection.

You have a parable on your table, read it and tell me what the meaning of this parable is.

Parable. LIFE AND FATE

Life rushed by with leaps and bounds, and then Fate minced along and persuaded: - Don’t run like that, my grief, you have no strength anymore! There will be a turn over the hill, a wonderful turn, such turns few people get. I saved it for you, and tore it away from others. Literally pulled it out of my teeth. But, life, either doesn’t hear, or is thinking about something - it scratches past the turn. - What are you doing? - Fate bursts into tears. - Who did I try for? Such a turn! Keep in mind that such turns cannot be made twice! And life moves on, without looking back at Fate. - Turn! - Fate shouts. Life is turning around. Fate should have left this crazy one behind a long time ago. But Fate feels responsible. They entrusted her with this Life, they said - Look! There would be someone to look at: only heels flash ahead. Then they stopped flashing. Tired of life, she sat down on a hillock and became thoughtful. She put her palm to her forehead and looked back at the path she had traveled. Fate runs up. I was completely out of breath. To hell with this kind of work. She sat down next to her, caught her breath, and blew her nose. Well, he asks, what are we going to do now? Life says: - Yes, I see: you and I missed something. - We missed it! - Fate put his hands on his hips. - No, just look at her! And who did I tell, who did I scream to, who did I cry bitterly? - What do you mean? - asks Life, coming to his senses and about to run back. - Otherwise. Now why look back? Late. We do not provide for turning back. Life, as usual, comes with scandal. How and why? Who's in charge here? They are all like that, life, give them everything at once. Then she cried. How did she miss everything? She began to complain about fate. Who should I complain to? I pulled myself together. I dried myself off and perked up. “Then,” he says, “go ahead.” Forward and only forward! Until new turns! - Until what turns? - Fate has already spat. - Ugh, at you! Look what you're sitting on: it's a grave!

Discussion of the parable and its meaning.

The meaning of the parable is that every day, every moment is precious in life.

What should a person really do to survive in this life?

Let's think about this together while watching the presentation.

Working with presentation slides.

With the help of quiet music, the teacher prepares the children to work with the slides.

The teacher shows specially selected slides with unfinished inscriptions and asks the children to suggest their ending. With the help of these tasks, he encourages them to think and openly express their thoughts. Students perceive this task with interest and offer a variety of answer options.

After each slide, the teacher shows a slide with the completed text.

Slides No. 1-2.

Wherever you go, you will find only what you brought with you.

Slides No. 3-4.

The beauty of a person is not in his face - but in his soul.

Slide No. 5-6.

Joy is love for what is; sadness is love for what is not.

Slide No. 7-8.

There are only two days a year when a person cannot do anything - yesterday and tomorrow.

Slide No. 9-10.

Everything has its sunset and only the night ends with dawn

Slide No. 11-12.

To the one who lets go of everything, everything comes.

Slide No. 13-14.

What is important for a person is not what surrounds him, but what is inside him.

Slide No. 15-16.

And let our thoughts be pure - they are the basis of our actions.

Slide number 17.

The most important thing is our inner self
and what is happening to us right now.
LIFE is here now and the most valuable thing is our spiritual qualities.

The final stage of work.

The teacher asks the children to say what all these slides have in common, what they would call this presentation.

Students give different answers.

The teacher leads students to the conclusion that the most important thing is the inner world that is inside a person, his spiritual qualities, his life here and now. We must enjoy every moment of life and bring this joy to people.

The teacher gives another parable. About the importance of accepting yourself as you are.

Parable. ACCEPT YOURSELF

One day the king came into the garden and saw withering and dying trees, bushes and flowers. The oak tree said that it was dying because it could not be as tall as the pine tree. Turning to the pine tree, the king found it falling because it could not produce grapes like a grapevine. And the vine died because it cannot bloom like a rose. Soon he found one plant that gladdened his heart, blooming and fresh. After questioning, he received this answer:

“I take it for granted, because when you imprisoned me, you wanted to get joy.” If you wanted an oak, grapes or a rose, you would plant them. Therefore, I think that I cannot be anything other than what I am. And I try to develop my best qualities.

Look at yourself. You can only be yourself. It is impossible for you to become someone else. You can rejoice and bloom, or you can wither if you don't accept yourself.

You can walk thousands of kilometers, read many books, hear countless words, and not find what you are looking for. Or you can stop searching, stop, and listen to your heart. And, having heard it, find in your own sigh everything you were looking for. Man himself is the creator of his life and his own happiness.

The teacher discusses the content of this parable.

Finally, the teacher organizes work with the textbook.

Read the words of philosopher S.L. Frank and philosopher N.N. Trubnikova

(Textbook Social Science. Grade 10. Bogolyubov L.N.M., Education. 2013. pp. 29-30).

Whose words are closer to you, whose statement echoes the idea of ​​the parable you read?

Reflection.

The teacher asks the children if they were interested in the work, what they took for themselves. Recommends website addresses where they can find this material.

Essay by Lyanguzov Gleb, student of group 911 on the topic: “The purpose and meaning of human life.”

"What is a sense of life?" - I think that every person asked himself this question at least once. Regardless of our condition, whether in a sad mood or, conversely, in a good mood, we have heard it in our thoughts more than once.

Understanding this issue gives us a purpose for existence, gives us motivation to move on and achieve something. Every person, one way or another, asks a similar question - this is an important part in his development as a person. In itself, the question of the meaning of life is a philosophical and spiritual problem that carries with it the uncertainty of the purpose of existence.

But why does it arise? Do happy people often ask themselves what is the meaning of life? I don't think this issue is a problem for them. It seems to me that they just found their meaning in life, in prolonging happiness and well-being.

Understanding this issue allows us to move forward. But what happens when we don’t understand this question? Unfortunately, the question about the meaning of life is most often asked by people who are under the yoke of various problems. Loneliness, depression - all this leads to the fact that a person begins to close himself off, unable to answer this question. And this is a real problem, because in the saddest cases it leads to suicide.

In modern times, psychology is closely involved in the emergence and consequences of this issue. Thanks to her, it became clear that the inability to find the meaning of life is the basis for mental disorders, depression, neuroses, as well as a consequence of the emergence of alcoholism, drug addiction and the development of crime. Since a person deprived of the meaning of existence becomes easily controlled, it becomes increasingly difficult for him to resist the unfavorable influence of the environment. Such a person tries to find something that will bring him relief, albeit short-term. Be it drugs, alcohol or even computer games. The lack of internal motivation gradually leads him to the point that he accepts everything that happens and refuses further searches for the purpose of life, while increasingly moving away from reality.

Such examples are not rare, but at the same time there is another side. Happy people who live for the care and happiness of their loved ones, philanthropists, charitable foundations, public organizations that help orphanages. One way or another, they bring good. And this is one of the meanings of their life.

The question of the meaning of life arose as soon as a person realized himself, as a person capable of development. And this question has been troubling people’s minds for many centuries.

Among the ancient philosophers, one can recall Aristotle, who answered the question “what is the meaning of life” - “Serve others and do good!” He found the meaning of life in goodness and believed that spiritual understanding and mental development were much higher than physical pleasures. Therefore, he considered art and science to be virtues that are achieved through the pacification of one’s desires and the predominance of reason over passions.

Epicurus, on the contrary, believed that the meaning of life lies in the constant receipt of pleasure. But at the same time the pleasure did not carry in itself sensual pleasure. It was rather understood as deliverance from physical pain, mental suffering and fear. Epicurus thought that the meaning of life is the constant prolongation of pleasure, without interfering with anything that could disrupt the usual course of things. I think that quite a few modern people share Epicurus's point of view.

But what is the meaning of life? And is it possible to answer this question in a way that is understandable and applicable to every person? Perhaps, but then this is a utopia and a swarm, where each person will play the role of a gear, impeccably playing their role. As long as humanity carries within itself the individuality and uniqueness of each individual person, the meaning of life will be different for everyone. For a loving mother - caring for her family. For a caring father - security for his family. And this is not limited to just two words. It is impossible to contain all their decisions and actions that they took to ensure that their family was happy.

What is the meaning of life for a guy or girl who just graduated from university? To begin with, find a job that suits your specialty or desire, meet your love, find a stable income, your own cozy corner and start creating a full-fledged family. Isn't this what many people are looking for? How many people are looking for each other, quietly whining from loneliness in the hope that someone will save them from it. Millions of people. But again, what are these young professionals aiming for? In normal cases, the ultimate goal is to create a family. In abnormal conditions, the means begin to eat the target.

What's on the minds of teenagers? In most cases, their goal is to stand out among their friends, to become “cooler” in some way. But for what? To get attention. To show that he is better at something. To yourself or to others - it doesn’t matter. But why do teenage boys chase? Isn't it for the girls? Teenage love is one of the saddest. Well, at least she is considered as such. Teenagers. But let's think, why do they need this? Why do they need this first relationship? Yes, sometimes because everyone has already dated, and someone has never kissed before. But still, what subconscious motivation does a healthy society instill in teenagers? Find a family and bring good to it.

What is the meaning of a child's life? To grow up and become an astronaut. Or a pilot, a ship captain, a doctor - the list goes on for a very long time. Why should they be like that? “Because then I will be like my dad” - this is the real goal of the child, to become someone he admires. Become someone they see as a hero. Can a hero do something bad? No. Otherwise he wouldn't be called a hero. Even for a child, the meaning of life is to bring good. Even if not consciously.

But all these positive examples of the meaning of life are possible only in a healthy society, when a person knows how to rise above his passions and clearly knows what he wants from life.

It was not for nothing that I chose these two philosophers. I think that thanks to them I can divide people into two categories:

Initially, a person is born with the meaning of life, which carries goodness. He strives for it and works on himself, developing spiritually and mentally. He sets goals for himself and, if he succeeds, then he sets himself a new goal. And with every goal he achieves this good. The state of happiness and its further goal is to prolong this state.

A person also sets himself some kind of goal, but if he cannot cope with his desires, if he cannot cope with passions, as Aristotle said, then he begins to seek pleasure. The very thing that will help him forget the fear of defeat, which will help him cope with the pain of unrealized plans. Hence drug addiction, alcohol, and promiscuity. A person exchanges himself, hiding from himself and the whole world, inventing his own, in which he has the meaning of life.

Religions such as Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism and even Islam all speak about humility of one’s desires and a righteous life, free from sin. That is, even religion hints to us that in order to find the meaning of life, we need to experience life itself, and not blindly chase pleasures, running away from ourselves, flooding reality with alcohol, pain with drugs, and loneliness with promiscuity. For the most part, real religion, devoid of pomp, pretense and money, based only on faith, teaches us humility and acceptance of the world. Both inside yourself and outside. Religion teaches us harmony and knowledge of ourselves and everything that surrounds us. Thus, the meaning of life is the desire for a purified life, free from base desires.

To summarize, I think I agree with Aristotle and everyone who said that the meaning of life should be good. It should be different for everyone, but the same for everyone. After all, deep inside, every healthy person feels what response even a small but good deed receives within him. So... for each person the meaning of life should be different. Something that will bring happiness and benefit, and not a race for pleasure that leads to nowhere. After all, this is the only way, in old age, we can understand that life was not lived in vain.

The purpose of life is a certain mental guideline towards which a person’s affairs and actions are directed. The content of the purpose of life changes not only depending on the historical conditions of a person’s existence, but also on his age characteristics. The meaning of life is a person’s awareness of the direction of his life, his conscious building of a hierarchy of values. Awareness of your capabilities and the desire to realize them.

Concepts of the meaning of life Name of the concept Its essence Asceticism (from the Greek askeo - I exercise) Life is renunciation of the world, mortification of the flesh for the atonement of sin Hedonism (from the Greek hedone - pleasure) To live means to enjoy Pragmatism (from the Greek pragma - business, action ) The purpose of life justifies any means of achieving it Utilitarianism (from the Greek utilitas - benefit) To live means to benefit from everything Eudaimonism (from the Greek eudaimonia - bliss, happiness) Life is the pursuit of happiness as the true purpose of man. Ethics of duty Life is self-sacrifice, altruism in the name of serving an ideal

The meaning of life is the independent choice of each individual person of those values ​​that orient him not towards having, but towards being. The meaning of human life is in the self-realization of the individual, in the human need to create, give, share with others, sacrifice oneself.

The problem of the meaning of human life Objective side Subjective side Every person is a biological being. In this essence, he is the bearer of life and must strive to preserve and reproduce it. Life as a biological phenomenon is initially purposeful, and the meaning of life is rooted in life itself. A person is aware of belonging to a specific historical type of society, the desire to fill biological existence with socially significant content. A person seeks semantic justification for his activities in different directions: in creativity, knowledge, fulfilling his duty, doing good, etc.