To prevent learning from becoming a torment for a child, it is not enough to simply teach him to read and count. The child must understand what is expected of him in the new role of a first-grader, and be internally prepared for it. How to achieve this?

Why do we need school?

Many psychologists like to ask children a question, the essence of which boils down to the following: do you want to study because they will buy you a new beautiful backpack and pencil case, or in order to know more? Often, motivation for school is external in nature - it is associated with the attributes of the student, but not with studies. The same thing happens if a child goes to school because of friends who will be in the same class with him, or to be like an older brother or sister.

Your task is to create in the future first-grader a positive image of the school itself, teaching, the teacher and the child himself as a student. If your child is already dreaming of a profession, explain to him that all people study in order to become what they want.

Valuable preschooler skills

Even with good reading and arithmetic skills, a student will have a difficult time if he is undisciplined. It is necessary to develop in the child the ability to listen and hear others, and not only the teacher, but also other children, with whom the task is often required. Will the child be able to put aside his games at home or outside if he needs to prepare his homework?

To develop discipline in your child, play games with rules with him - “walkers” with cubes and chips, checkers, chess, various board games. This will teach him to react correctly to limitations and be calm about the successes of others.

Another valuable skill for a preschooler is household self-organization. If your child constantly throws things and toys around and forgets to put them away, he will have a hard time at school. Form the useful habit of putting everything back in its place, just do it without aggression. This will be useful not only at school, but also in later life.

Child psychology: learning to communicate

In his class, the child will become part of a large team. And what place he will take in it depends on how much he knows how to interact with other children. If your baby is the only child in the family, a pet, and has not even been visited, and during a walk you come to the rescue, urgently change this picture! Take your child to activities that interest him, let him play with other children on his own, without interfering unnecessarily, go to visit friends with children and invite them to your place, in a word, teach him to communicate. Communication plays a very significant role in child psychology!

Observe how the child behaves in a crowd (in a store, at the airport), how he communicates with other adults. If your child has a fear of large crowds of people and strangers, start assigning him important tasks, for example, buying bread himself. Praise your child every time and tell him how much his help is appreciated.

Child's self-esteem

Both boys and girls who lack confidence in themselves, as well as children who consider themselves the center of the Universe, will have a difficult time at school. The former, even knowing everything perfectly, will be embarrassed to answer, and will be overshadowed by their more mediocre but relaxed classmates. And for those who are accustomed to adoration from their relatives, it will not be easy to realize that not everyone treats them the same way, and success still needs to be achieved.

To prevent this from happening, praise your child deservedly. There is no need to admire his every action as if he were one year old. He tries, he succeeds - praise sincerely. If it’s difficult, help, but don’t do everything for him.

If your child is pathologically shy and unsure of himself, let him open up and find something he likes, in which he will definitely achieve success. This will help him gain confidence and not get lost among his lively comrades in the class.

Tricks can be a wonderful help, but the child needs to learn them properly. And then the applause of the audience will not keep you waiting, and with it the child’s self-esteem will grow!

Psychological aspects of preparing children for school

Before a child goes to school, parents need to be sure that he is ready for a new step in his life. And an important factor here is the psychological aspects of preparing children for school. :

• he has a desire to learn;
• can finish what he started;
• able to overcome difficulties in achieving a set goal;
• knows how to concentrate his attention on something and hold it;
• understands the purpose for which he will study at school;
• does not shy away from society;
• feels comfortable in a team;
• knows how to get to know peers;
• has analytical thinking skills - able to compare anything.

Psychological preparation for school: exercises

In order for a child to feel confident at school, he needs to be prepared for entering first grade. A very important aspect of this process is psychological preparation for school.

Kuzmina Alexandra Anatolevna
MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 17" Biysk
Educational psychologist

Master class “Formation of psychological readiness of 6-7 year old children for school”

Currently, according to federal state standards, preschool childhood is not considered solely as preparation for school, as was previously considered. On September 1, 2013, a new version of the education law was introduced, in which preschool education, for the first time in the history of Russian culture, becomes a full-fledged level of education along with primary school, school, and university. The main task of the preschool education standard is positive socialization and individualization of the individual, therefore the most important task of the preschool education system is the comprehensive development of the child’s personality and preparing him for successful socialization in a school environment.

Preparing children for school is a multifaceted task, covering all areas of a child’s life.

Under psychological readiness By school, they mean the formation of a whole complex of new formations that allow the child to painlessly be included in school life. Conventionally, this readiness includes several components.

First of all, this intellectual readiness, including a certain amount of knowledge about the world, about people, a certain level of development of thinking, the degree of correctness, clarity and generalization of the child’s ideas, mastery of a number of techniques of mental activity, etc.

Secondly, this is the so-called motivational readiness to school, associated with the formation of the desire to become a schoolchild.

Third, this is personal and social readiness, helping the child establish himself in a team, be able to act together, communicate with adults and peers, and form a level of aspirations.

In addition, the concept of psychological readiness includes the child’s achievement of a certain level in the development of all mental processes - perception, memory, attention, as well as the development of some simple skills - counting, reading, solving basic problems.

And finally this volitional readiness associated with the formation of control over external and internal processes and planning of one’s own actions.

Psychological readiness for school does not arise in children on its own, but is formed gradually and requires correct pedagogical leadership , that is, specially organized activities with the child. We present to your attention one of these activities.

Lesson objectives:

1.Increasing the child’s self-esteem and self-confidence.

2.Training in how to relieve muscle and emotional tension.

3. Development of voluntary regulation of activity.

4. Development of cognitive processes.

Introductory part

Target: set up the group to work together, establish emotional contact, unite the group.

1. 1. Greeting "Happy Greeting"

Target:establishing emotional contact, uniting the group, forming a feeling of closeness with other children.

The psychologist turns on any dance music and the children begin to walk around the room (you can jump and dance). After the words “one, two, three, find friends!” Each child must find a mate and stand next to him. The psychologist suggests saying hello with your ears, little fingers, heels, etc.”

1. 2. Warm-up “Cotton runs in circles.”

Target:development of attention, activation of children.

Children in a circle take turns passing the cotton to their neighbor.

Main part

Target: development of mental processes, communication skills, voluntary regulation of activity, increased self-esteem and self-confidence.

1. Game "Speak"

Target: development of the ability to control impulsive actions.

Tell the children the following. “Guys, I will ask you simple and complex questions. But it will be possible to answer them only when I give the command: “Speak!” Let's practice: "What time of year is it now?" (The teacher pauses). “Speak!”; “What month is it now”... “Speak!”; “What day of the week is it today?”... “Speak!”; "How much is two plus three?" etc. The game can be played individually or with a group of children.

1. 4. Game "Something's wrong here."

Target: development of speech and attention.

The presenter takes out the Timosha doll. Timosha addresses the children: “Hello guys! What will I tell you! Yesterday I was walking along the road, the sun was shining, it was dark, the blue leaves were rustling under my feet. And suddenly a dog jumps out from around the corner and growls at me: “Ku-ka-re-ku!” - and she already pointed her horns. I got scared and ran away."

“I'm walking through the forest. Cars are driving around, traffic lights are blinking. Suddenly I see a mushroom! It grows on a branch, hidden among the green leaves. I jumped up and tore it off.”

“I came to the river. I see a fish sitting on the shore, its legs crossed and chewing a sausage. I approached, and she jumped into the water and swam away.”

The children must say what was wrong in Timosha’s stories.

1. Physical exercise “Bear cubs”

The text of the poem is pronounced and the accompanying movements are performed at the same time.

The cubs lived in the thicket,

They turned their heads. (circular movements of the head)

Like this, like this (alternately in different directions)

They turned their heads,

The cubs were looking for honey,

They rocked the tree together.

Like this, like this

They rocked the tree together. (tilt to the sides, arms forward)

We waddled

And they drank water from the river,

Like this, like this

And they drank water from the river. (walking like a bear, bending forward)

And then they danced

They raised their paws higher.

Like this, like this

They raised their paws higher. (dance, hands up)

1. 6. Game "Pyramid of Love"

Target: cultivate a respectful, caring attitude towards the world and people; develop communication skills.

Children sit in a circle. The psychologist tells the children: “Each of us loves something and someone; We all have this feeling, and we all express it differently. I love my family, my children, my home, my job. Tell us who and what you love. (Children's stories.) Now let's build a “pyramid of love” from our hands. I will name something I love and place my hand, then each of you will name your favorite and put your hand. (Children build a pyramid.) Do you feel the warmth of your hands? Do you enjoy this state? Look how high our pyramid is, high - because we are loved and love ourselves.”

1. 7. Complex "Magic Dream"

Target: Self-relaxation.

The psychologist asks the children to close their eyes.

Eyelashes droop

Eyes are closing...

We rest peacefully (2 times).

We fall asleep in a magical sleep.

Breathe easily, evenly, deeply

The tension has flown away...

And the whole body is relaxed (2 times).

It's like we're lying on the grass

On the green soft grass...

The sun is shining now...

Our hands are warm...

Breathe easily... evenly... deeply...

(Long pause)

We rested peacefully

We fell asleep in a magical sleep.

It's good for us to rest!

But it's time to get up!

We clench our fists tighter,

We raise them higher.

Stretch, smile!

Children open their eyes.

Final part

1. Reflection.

1. 9. Farewell ritual “Everyone gathered together in a circle”

Everyone gathered together in a circle

I am your friend and you are my friend!

Let's join hands together,

And let's smile at each other.

Children in a circle give a smile to their friend.

“Series “Psychological Service” V.L. Sharokhina PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF CHILDREN FOR SCHOOL Lesson notes Moscow BBK 88.8 Sh25 Sharokhina V.L. Ш25 Psychological preparation of children for school: Notes...”

Series "Psychological Service"

V.L. Sharokhin

PSYCHOLOGICAL

PREPARATION

CHILDREN TO SCHOOL

Class notes

Sharokhina V.L.

Ш25 Psychological preparation of children for school: Notes

classes. - M.: LLC “National Book Center”,

2016. - 48 p. (Psychological service.)

ISBN 978–5–904827–43–4

The manual contains notes from classes and meetings with

children of the kindergarten preparatory group and their parents. During such classes, the psychologist conducts diagnostics and develops the prerequisites for educational activities, communication and behavioral skills, general and fine motor skills of children, and activates cognitive processes. Children get the opportunity to get used to the role of a student, and parents have the opportunity to observe their child in the process of his learning and communication with peers.

The manual is accompanied by an electronic application that will help specialists equip their classes with demonstration and handout picture material.

Addressed to psychologists and teachers involved in preparing children for school.

BBK 88.8 The original layout of this publication is the property of National Book Center LLC (NKC), and its reproduction in any way without the consent of the copyright holder is prohibited. You can download the electronic supplement to the manual on the website page www.

nbcmedia.ru/download key: 5904827434 ISBN 978–5–904827–43–4 © V.L. Sharokhina, 2010 © Design. LLC "National Book Center", 2014 CONTENTS Introduction.................................. OCTOBER 3..... ........................6 Day 1................................... ......6 Day 2........................ 11 Day 3......... ..................... 15 Day 4................................ 19 Day 5............................. 22 Day 6.................. .

–  –  –

By older preschool age, children acquire a certain outlook, a stock of specific skills, and master some methods of examining the external properties of objects. In the process of acquiring this knowledge, the intellectual activity necessary for a future first-grader is formed, and the joy of learning is born.

A child's readiness for school presupposes that he or she has the following qualities:

organization, neatness;

strong-willed qualities;

attention, ability to concentrate for a long time (15–20 min.);

intelligence, curiosity;

developed speech and good imagination;

good memory;

motor dexterity;

friendliness, ability to communicate with children and adults;

basic numeracy and reading skills.

This manual provides notes on lessons and meetings with children in the preparatory group.

This form of work will help specialists achieve the following tasks:

assess and develop the prerequisites for educational activities (performing abilities, volitional qualities, motivation) of the child;

assess and develop skills of voluntary regulation of behavior;

assess and develop communication skills with peers and adults;

assess and develop cognitive processes: attention, perception, memory, speech and thinking;

assess and develop gross and fine motor skills, graphic skills;

help the child accept the role of a student, form an emotionally positive attitude towards school;

help parents “see” their child in the process of learning, communicating with peers, etc.

At the end of each cycle of classes, the psychologist fills out the following tables:

Table 1

–  –  –

In October, after the first cycle of meetings and diagnostics (the results must be shared with the preschool administration, teachers and parents), correctional and developmental groups (subgroups) are formed for children with similar problems.

The psychologist plans classes and conducts them until May.

In May, the second cycle of classes begins, at the end of which the psychologist fills out tables 1, 2 and 3:

–  –  –

No. Last name, first name of the child Level of readiness for learning at school

Table 3 can be filled out using symbols:

++ – high level of readiness;

+ – average level of readiness;

– – low level of readiness.

Legend:

–  –  –

PROCEEDINGS Game “Name Circle”

Psychologist says:

- Guys, let's get acquainted. The game “Name Circle” will help with this. Stand next to me in a circle. I will pass the ball to the person to my left and say my name twice. And then you will pass the ball and say your names.

Game "Bees"

Psychologist says:

- Now let's play another game. You are bees. I'm a bee sentinel. If I ring the bell three times, it means a drone has appeared and I need to drive it away - fly quickly and quickly and flap its wings. Two bells warn of danger - you need to hide, sit down. One call - the danger has passed, the bees are flying calmly.

All cards for the exercises necessary for the lessons are given in the “Handouts” appendix.

Exercise “Riddles”

Children guess riddles:

The horse is steel, the tail is flaxen.

(Needle and thread) All Antoshka is a hat and a leg, And if it rains, He will grow up.

(Mushroom) Thirty-three sisters sat down on the pages.

They sat down next to each other - they were not silent, they told us riddles.

(Letters) They grow in the spring, and fall in the fall.

(Leaves) Game “Air - earth - fire - water”

The psychologist invites the children to stand in a circle and says:

– Let’s find out who is the most attentive among us. When I say “air” - raise your hands up, if you hear “earth” - hands down, “fire” - rotate your hands back and forth, “water” - hands forward. Whoever makes a mistake sits on a chair.

At the end of the game, everyone applauds the most attentive participant.

Exercise “Joke Problems”

Children are sitting at tables.

The psychologist asks them to guess humorous problems:

- Three candles were lit in the room. One of them immediately went out, while the rest continued to burn. How many candles are left in the room? (Three candles.)

– Three horses ran two kilometers. How many kilometers did each horse run? (Two kilometers.)

– A duck weighs two kilograms when standing on one leg.

How much will she weigh if she stands on two legs?

(Two kilograms.) Exercise “Help the Judge”

– The hares are going to organize running and jumping competitions. Each hare took a sign with a number. Look carefully at the picture and tell the bear which numbers are missing and which appear twice.

– How many hares are shown in the picture? (20.) Exercise “School for Animals”

Psychologist says:

- I'll tell you about the school for animals. About those who study there. The horse was the first to come to school - clean, neat, calm. Before school, she washed her ears, combed her mane and tail, trimmed her bangs evenly, and put on new socks. At school, the horse listens carefully to the teacher and does what he is told right away.

Raise your hand if you liked the horse and want to be like her.

The one who raised his hand is given a blue chip - a symbol of a horse.

– A little bear came to school for the horse. You can immediately see how smart he is. He wants to go to school: after all, you can learn a lot there, they solve problems there, and he really likes to puzzle over all sorts of problems and riddles. When the little bear thinks, and he thinks all the time, he scratches his paw behind his ear. That's why his head is always shaggy. Since the bear cub is constantly busy with smart thoughts, he is somewhat absent-minded, may not notice the animal standing nearby and accidentally step on its paw. In such cases, he is very upset and always apologizes.

Who liked the bear cub, who wants to be like him?

The one who raised his hand is given a brown chip.

- A squirrel came running into the classroom. More than anything else, she loves a cheerful company. I really wanted to go to school: there are so many animals there, you can chat and laugh with everyone. The chattering squirrel knows many stories and songs. She is restless, cannot stay in one place for a long time, and jumps all the time. The squirrel is a very affectionate animal. If someone is sad, she will hug, caress, cheer, tickle with her soft tail, but she herself can cry when no one notices her, when there is no one to chat with. If someone says a rude word, the squirrel gets angry and throws cones.

Who likes the squirrel, raise your hands.

The one who raised his hand is given a yellow chip.

“Then the kitten came.” This is the most skillful organizer and inventor. He can come up with games so well that it's always interesting to be with him. He never gets bored. If friends are nearby, the kitten starts a common game. If there is no one nearby, he can play with anything: with a ball, with a stick, with his own tail. He has an easy-going, good-natured character and the only thing he doesn’t like is the word “must”. Mother cat often heard from her son “I don’t want to!” and brought him to school, hoping that the baby would grow up and become more obedient. The kitten ran to school with pleasure: he loves everything new. But on the way to school, he told his mother: “I don’t want to become an adult!

I want to play for the rest of my life! They allow you to play at school, right?”

Who looks like a kitten, who likes a kitten?

The one who raised his hand is given a pink chip.

– But a bunny enters the class (the psychologist shows a soft toy). He trembles, curls up into a ball and secretly brushes away a tear. Who will console the bunny?

Children come up to the bunny, hug him, calm him down, and say that school is good and not scary. The one who considers himself like a bunny takes a black chip. (Each child may have several chips.)

– The teacher at this school is a kangaroo. She is a wonderful teacher, she couldn't be better! Describe her character, tell me which student she likes? (Children's answers.)

Kangaroo gives homework:

Learn the song “We are not afraid of the gray wolf” and sing it tomorrow. Who's task? (To the bunny.) Sit silently for a whole minute and carefully examine the flower, and tomorrow describe it. Who's task? (To the squirrel.) Commit a small and harmless prank: climb over the fence, although there is a gate nearby. Who's task? (To the little bear.) Do a serious adult thing: for example, take a blind mole across the road. Who's task? (To the kitten.) Etc.

Exercise “Colorful leaf”

On each child’s desk is a set of colored pencils and a sheet of paper.

Psychologist says:

- We need to color the sheet. A bear cub consisting of one mind would color it brown, but we are more complex:

We have a lot of everything. But we are different: some are more cheerful and sociable, while others are more neat and calm.

The psychologist recalls the affiliation of each of the symbols. Children are asked to choose the right pencils and color the sheets of paper.

Based on the results of the last two exercises, the psychologist makes an assumption that children belong to one of 5 types of students: performing, intellectual, communicative, playful, anxious.

Psychologist says:

– Our first meeting has ended. We'll meet again tomorrow. At home, discuss with mom and dad how the first day of school went. Thank you! Well done! Goodbye!

–  –  –

ACTIVITIES Exercise “Who will remember what?”

The psychologist asks each child to remember something from the previous lesson and talk about it.

Exercise “Parts of the day”

On each child’s desk is a set of cards for the exercise.

Psychologist says:

– The pictures show parts of the day. Find the picture “Morning” and place it in front of you. Morning turns...?

(Children’s answers.) Take the “Day” picture and place it to the right of the “Morning” picture. After the day comes...? (Children's answers.) Find the picture “Evening” and place it to the right of the picture “Day”. The evening ends and begins...? (Children's answers.) That's right, the last picture is “Night.” Well done!

Now let’s repeat: morning, afternoon, evening, night.

“10 words” technique

Psychologist says:

- I will name the words, and you listen carefully and remember them: table, viburnum, chalk, elephant, park, legs, hand, gate, window, tank.

Children must reproduce the memorized words in any order. Each child completes the task individually. An adult (parent, teacher or psychologist) writes down the result.

The normal level of memory is 5–6 words.

“Pair of Words” technique

To determine semantic memory, the psychologist invites children to remember pairs of words: noise - water, bridge - river, spring - stream, table - lunch, ruble - kopeck, forest - bear, day - evening, school - joy, winter - snow, summer - badminton , vitamin – health.

Then he calls the first word of the pair, and the called child calls the second.

Exercise “What is earlier - what is later?”

The psychologist hands out pencils and cards for the exercise and says:

– Look at the pictures that show a bow. Find and mark a picture of an onion planted earlier than others.

Children complete the task independently or with the help of their parents.

– Now pay attention to the pictures with images of dandelions. Find and mark the pattern of the dandelion that grew later than the others.

Exercise “Draw the missing figure”

– Consider and name all the geometric shapes in the square numbered 1.

Children complete the task.

– What figure do you think is missing?

Children express their opinions. If difficulties arise, the psychologist gives a sample answer.

– Look at the figures in the second square and draw the missing figure yourself.

Children complete the task, then a test is carried out.

Exercise “Riddles”

Children guess riddles:

What kind of birds are flying by?

Seven in each flock fly like a swirl, and don’t turn back.

(Days of the week.) Twelve brothers wander after each other, do not bypass each other.

(Months.) What shines at night and illuminates everything?

–  –  –

Exercise “Joke Problems”

Children answer the questions:

- The crow is flying, and the dog is sitting on its tail. Does this happen or not?

– What does half an apple look like? (To the other half.)

– What tree will a crow sit on when it rains? (On wet.)

– Can it rain for two days in a row? (No, because the days are separated by night.) Exercise “What will happen?”

The psychologist hands out cards for the exercise and says:

– Look at unusual examples and solve them – draw the desired picture in the empty cells.

Children complete the task independently or with the help of their parents, then a test is carried out.

Lesson summary and homework

Children complete the sentences:

– I liked the lesson today...

– I didn’t like the lesson today...

– You are proud of yourself today because...

The psychologist gives homework:

– Draw two pictures - one called “What I am now”, the second - “What I want to be” (or “How they see me at home”).

–  –  –

ACTIVITIES Checking and discussing homework Game “Mirror”

Children are divided into pairs and face each other. One child shows movements - raises, lowers his hands, claps his hands, etc. Another child, acting as a mirror, repeats all movements exactly. If the “mirror” makes the wrong move, then the children in the pair change roles.

1. Psychological preparation of children for school.

2. Development of the emotional and personal sphere of the children’s psyche.

3. Development of cognitive abilities.

4. Training in relaxation techniques.

Progress of the lesson:

The lesson is held in a psychologist's office with a subgroup of children (5-6 people).

Psychologist: Hello guys! I'm very glad to see you! Let's shake each other's hands and say “Hello! "

Children say hello.

Psychologist: Please listen to what I want to tell you:

Green crocodile

Green mother taught:

-Can you be a scientist?

Designer or poet,

The main thing is to be green!

Please remember this!

Pot-bellied hippopotamus

The pot-bellied mother taught:

-Can you become an acrobat?

Designer or poet,

The main thing is to be pot-bellied.

Happiness, son, lies in this!

And the gray mother mouse

The mouse taught quietly:

-Can you be an engineer?

Scientist or poet

The main thing is to be gray,

Small and unnoticeable!

CONVERSATION WITH CHILDREN

Psychologist: Do you think our heroes teach their children correctly?

Where do all the children get knowledge and study?

That's right, let's talk about school!

I have prepared riddles for you:

I decided to draw a house, I open my (album)

Our wooden pencil can draw

Suddenly the snake becomes straight, and its name is (ruler)

I will draw in the album, but for writing I need (a notebook)

I was drawing, and here Marinka erased the unnecessary stroke (eraser)

Guys, honestly, I’m not used to relying on myself,

To remember the task, I write it in (diary)

These are all our school supplies... Now I invite you to the table!

CAMERA GAME

Any items, in our case school supplies, are laid out on the table. Children are given 30 seconds to remember what is where. Then they turn away. An adult rearranges objects, either removes something completely or replaces it with another object. Children must determine what has changed.

GAME “PLACE THE SIGNS”

To complete the task, each child will need a “card” - a square sheet of paper divided into 16 cells; mathematical signs are written in the cells of the top row (+, -, =,

Psychologist: Your task, guys, is to arrange small cards with signs into cells on a large map so that there are no two identical signs in the rows and columns.

Children complete the task. If necessary, the psychologist helps children with leading questions.

Psychologist: Guys, we have completed difficult tasks. Now is the time to move around a little!

Surely all of you have played the game: The sea is agitated... I suggest you change the conditions a little... You move around the room to the music, as soon as you hear my command you will have to depict something related to the school (For example, a schoolchild reading, a teacher, and we’ll try to guess what it is... let’s try!

EXERCISE “LAZY”

Today my children did a lot of activities, played and were probably tired. I suggest you be a little lazy. Imagine being lazy and lounging on a soft, soft carpet. Everything around is quiet and calm, you breathe easily and freely. A feeling of pleasant peace and relaxation covers your entire body. You rest quietly, you are lazy. Your hands are resting, your legs are resting (pause - stroking the children). Your arms are resting, your legs are resting... A pleasant warmth covers your whole body, you are too lazy to move, you feel good. Your breathing is completely calm. Your arms, legs, whole body are relaxed. A feeling of pleasant peace fills you from within. You rest, you are lazy. Pleasant laziness spreads throughout the body. You enjoy complete peace and relaxation, which brings you strength and good mood. Stretch, shake off your laziness and, on the count of three, open your eyes. You feel well rested and in a cheerful mood.

Psychologist: Did you guys like our lesson, what did you remember?

Children's answers.

Thank you for the lesson, I’m sure you will be the most exemplary students in school!

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The role of a psychologist in preparing children for school

The role of a psychologist in preparing children for school

“Be ready for school -

Be ready for school -

means being ready to learn all this” L. A. Wenger

Preparing for school for many parents and some teachers consists of teaching the child to write, read, and count. As soon as the child masters these skills, the teachers calm down, the child is ready for school! But what's going on? Such a smart, capable child and suddenly they talk about the problems of adaptation and learning at school. The teacher didn't like you? The children didn't accept? The answer is simple: the child was not psychologically ready to enter school.

In recent years, in domestic pedagogy and psychology there has been increased interest in the problem of a preschool child’s transition from kindergarten to school and the closely related concept of readiness for schooling. But nevertheless, psychological preparation is not given due attention due to the lack of information among parents and teachers about the importance of this process.

The role of a psychologist in preparing children for school is considered from three perspectives:

1. Preparing preschoolers:

Classes with a psychologist (goal: development of cognitive processes, emotional sphere of the child)

Excursion to school (goal: formation of a new social position - a schoolchild)

Organization of exhibitions of children's works on the topics:

"I am going to school"

"I am a first grader"

(goal: developing motivational readiness for school)

What distinguishes a “psychological” lesson from a “pedagogical” one?

Firstly, this is the number of children in the group. The psychologist works with a group of 5-6 people, which makes it possible to pay maximum attention to each child.

Secondly, the value of psychological classes lies in the fact that the psychologist pays great attention to how the exercises are performed, and not to the result.

2. Preparation of parents of future first-graders:

The relevance of such preparation lies in the fact that it is difficult for parents to “restructure” and accept the fact that their child is no longer a baby, but almost an “adult”. The child has become more independent!

Work with parents is built in stages:

Questioning parents (goal: to determine expectations, concerns)

Development of information stands and booklets (to educate parents)

Workshop for parents (on the topic: “The 7-year-old crisis: from play to learning”)

Consultation: “Psychological preparation for school”

Conducting open classes

3. Work with teachers:

Consultation on topics:

“Portrait of a future first-grader”

“Psychological characteristics of children 6-7 years old”

This mode of operation will contribute to:

Development of the intellectual sphere of children

Formation of learning motivation

Expanding teachers’ knowledge of how to prepare children for school

Involving parents in the process of preparing for school.

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Certification lesson for a teacher-psychologist at a preschool educational institution “Psychological preparation of children for school. I'm a first grader."

Target: Preparing older preschoolers for school through the formation of universal prerequisites for educational activities and the necessary skills.

Tasks:

Educational:

* Strengthen children's skills in working with an interactive board.

* Practice the ability to highlight the sound at the beginning of a word.

* Exercise your ability to compose encrypted words from pictures.

* Develop in children the skills and abilities of correct physiological and speech breathing.

Educational:

* Develop mental operations (the ability to classify and generalize).

* Develop cognitive processes (logical thinking, memory, auditory and visual attention, coherent speech).

* Develop hand-eye coordination.

* Develop visual-spatial orientation.

* Develop basic self-esteem skills.

* Develop fantasy and imagination.

Educational:

* To foster in preschoolers a positive attitude towards themselves, towards others and towards school.

* Develop independence, the ability to work in a team, in pairs, and the ability to negotiate.

* Increase children's interest in developmental activities to prepare for school by working on an interactive board.

Direction– developing;

Group– preparatory to school;

Subject– “Psychological preparation of children for school. I am a first grader."

Form of organization– frontal, steam room.

Type of activity– comprehensive with training elements.

Implementation time- 30 minutes;

Amount of children – 14;

Educational and methodological support:

* Sharokhina V.L. “Psychological preparation of children for school”;

* Artsishevskaya I. L. “Psychological training for future first-graders”;

* Ganicheva I.V. “Body-oriented approaches to psychocorrectional and developmental work with children”;

* Tsukerman G. A., Polivanova N. K. “Introduction to school life.”

Equipment: interactive whiteboard, multimedia projector, laptop, interactive accompaniment for the lesson, bell, sets of subject pictures, sheets of white A4 paper, simple pencils.

The following technologies are used in the lesson:

* Health-saving,

* Information and communication,

Methods used in working with children:

1. Methods of organizing and implementing educational and cognitive activities of preschool children:

* Method of visual transmission of information (visual perception of information using an interactive whiteboard);

* Method of visual transmission of information (through practical activities of children);

* Method of verbal transmission of information (auditory perception of information);

2. Methods of stimulation and motivation:

* Emotional;

* Social;

* Gaming;

3. Methods of control and self-control:

* Self-control and mutual control.

Organizational and motivational part (3 min)

Game “Pass it in a circle” (greeting ritual)(slide 1)

Children sit on the carpet in a circle.

Target: creating an emotionally positive mood in the group.

Game situation “We are first graders”

Children sit on the carpet in a circle.

Target: introduction of preschoolers into the “school world”.

Development of fantasy and imagination. Guys, today we will go to school, we will be first graders, and we will have a real lesson. We close our eyes.

“The alarm clock is ringing. Your mother woke you up. You put on your beautiful school uniform, take your briefcase and go to school in a good mood. So you open the school door and the bell rings.”

The children, with the help of their imagination, travel through time and become first-graders. The school bell rings and class begins.

Main part (25 min.)

Game "Fourth wheel" (2 min)(slide 2, 3, 4, 5)

Target: development of the ability to classify and generalize, development of elements of logical thinking, and visual attention.

The guys come up to the screen one by one, find an extra picture and remove it. At the same time, the remaining pictures are combined into one sign and called it.

Sensorimotor exercise “Reclining figure eight” (1 min)(slide 6)

Children stand in front of a psychologist.

Target: prevention of oculomotor nerve tension, relief of general tension.

Guys, imagine that your hands are connected to my hands by invisible threads. Now, you must repeat exactly all my movements to the music.

This exercise is accompanied by calm classical music.

Exercise “Attention - let’s draw! " (3 min.)(slide 7)

Children are sitting at tables.

Target: development of hand-eye coordination and memory in children.

The children carefully look at the figure depicted on the screen for 3 seconds; after the screen closes, the children draw a similar figure on their sheet. After completing the task, the children exchange work material with their neighbor and check the correctness of the task. A correctly executed figure is marked with a plus, while an incorrectly executed figure is marked with a minus.

Physical exercise “Floor – nose – ceiling” (1 min)(slide 8)

Children stand near their workplace.

Target: development of auditory attention of preschool children, prevention of fatigue, stress relief.

The psychologist pronounces words (gender, nose, pololok) and shows the places corresponding to the word; children must be extremely careful, because the psychologist will confuse them and show something other than what he says.

ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE.

WE'RE STARTING TO PLAY!

YOU GUYS DON'T YAWN

AND REPEAT AFTER ME.

DO WHAT I SAY

NOT WHAT I SHOW.

Exercise “Classification” (3 min.)(slide 9)

Children sit in pairs at tables.

Target: development of elements of logical thinking and the ability to generalize. Strengthening the ability to work in pairs and the ability to negotiate.

In front of the children is a set of object pictures. Working in pairs, they need to determine by what characteristics the pictures can be divided into two groups. Then, the children must agree and decide who will arrange the pictures according to what criteria, and arrange them.

After the children complete the task, the psychologist approaches each child and checks the task. Children must name the sign by which they laid out the pictures.

Exercise “Breathe through the nose” (1 min.)

Children stand in front of a psychologist on the carpet.

Target: formation in children of the ability and skills of correct physiological and speech breathing without harm to health,

enriching the brain with oxygen, activating thought processes in the cerebral cortex.

The guys inhale air slowly through their nose, exhale slowly through their mouth (lips pursed into a tube) - 3 times.

Inhale slowly through the right nostril (the left one is closed with a finger, exhale through the mouth – 3 times.

Inhale slowly through the left nostril (the right one is closed with a finger, exhale through the mouth – 3 times.

Inhale slowly through the nose, exhale quickly through the mouth, pronouncing the sound “Ha” - 3 times

Exercise “Encrypted words” (3 min.)(slide 10)

Children sit on the carpet in front of the screen.

Target: Improving the ability to compose encrypted words from pictures, consolidating the ability to highlight the sound at the beginning of a word.

On the screen there are pictures: a fly agaric, a stork, a doll.

Children name the pictures, determine the first sound in each word and pronounce them in order, so you can guess which word is encrypted on the screen using pictures.

Next, children discover hidden pictures with which they can create new words. If children find it difficult to come up with a word themselves, then there are multi-colored squares on the screen with words hidden under them. Children choose any square, the psychologist reads out the word, and the children, one by one, encrypt the word on the screen using pictures.

Instant Build Game (2 min.)(slide 11)

Children stand in front of a psychologist.

Target: development of independence, memory and attention, communication skills with each other. Strengthening the ability to work in mini-groups.

The guys should stand around the psychologist as follows: a few in front, a few behind, on the right, and on the left. Children remember their location relative to the psychologist and relative to each other. After the psychologist spins around, the guys must remember their position and take the right place. The game is played several times.

Exercise “Find 6 differences” (3 min.)(slide 12)

Children sit on the carpet in front of the screen.

Target: development of visual attention (its concentration, stability, development of coherent speech in preschoolers, consolidation of the ability to work with an interactive board.

There are two pictures on the screen. The guys must find 6 differences between them, each difference is marked in the pictures with a purple triangle.

Multimedia gymnastics for the eyes “In the clearing” (1 min.)(slide 12)

Children sit on the carpet in front of the screen.

Target: Relieving tension from the oculomotor nerve, concentration, development of visual-spatial orientation.

Animated objects appear on the screen with musical accompaniment, which the children carefully watch.

Exercise “What has changed? " (3 min.)(slide 13)

Children sit on the carpet in front of the screen.

Target: development of elements of logical thinking, consolidation of the ability to work independently with an interactive board.

The screen depicts geometric figures that differ from each other according to certain characteristics (TRIZ characteristics). Children must determine which feature (shape, color, size) is changing in the figure, and move this feature under the figure.

Reflection “My Assessment” (2 min.)(slide 14)

Children sit on the carpet in front of the screen.

Target: formation of basic self-esteem skills.

Red circle (I liked the lesson and everything worked out for me).

Yellow circle (I liked the lesson, but I didn’t succeed in all the tasks).

Blue circle (I didn’t like the lesson and didn’t succeed).

Final part (2 min.)

Game situation “We are preschoolers” (1 min.)

Children sit on the carpet in a circle.

Target: removing children from the “school world”, developing fantasy and imagination.

And now, we open our eyes and find ourselves in kindergarten again.

Game “Pass it in a circle” (farewell ritual)

Children sit on the carpet in a circle.

Target: consolidation of an emotionally positive attitude in the group.

The guys pass an invisible ball to each other in a circle and fill it with a good mood.

This ball will be with you until the end of this day, and it will help keep you in a good mood.

Goodbye!

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State educational institution of the Arkhangelsk region

"Severodvinsk orphanage"

System of psychological classes in preparation for schooling

Severodvinsk, 2011

A psychologist plays an important role in the development of preschool children, one of whose tasks is to help children who have learning difficulties and do not learn educational material that is age-appropriate. A psychological and pedagogical examination makes it possible to identify such children and draw up a plan for individual correctional work, in which, as a rule, all specialists of the orphanage are involved, including group teachers.

Corrective work should be structured as a holistic, meaningful activity of the child, and not as separate exercises to train skills.

The proposed system is aimed at developing in children of senior preschool age those mental functions that create the basis for the child’s successful learning.

The basis for the construction of this system was the idea accepted in Russian psychology that the leading activity in preschool age, creating the most favorable conditions for mental and personal development, is play. That is why correctional work with children in accordance with this system is carried out on the basis of educational games.

In preschool age, learning new knowledge in games is much more successful than in classrooms. A learning task posed in a playful form has the advantage that in a play situation the child understands more clearly the need to acquire new knowledge and methods of action.

It is necessary to take into account the level of cognitive development of the child, i.e. simple games can be complicated by introducing additional rules and vice versa.

At the same time, one of the indicators and conditions for a child’s good physical and neuropsychic development is the development of his arm, hand, manual skills, or, as is commonly called, fine finger motor skills. As the physiologist I. Pavlov wrote, “hands teach the head, then the wiser head teaches the hands, and skillful hands again contribute to the development of the brain.”

That is why the proposed system includes tasks for the development of fine motor skills and sensorimotor coordination. Total duration of classes:

25 -30 minutes.

Frequency of classes: 1 time per week.

Each lesson includes developmental tasks using colorful visual aids aimed at developing mental processes in children. It is necessary to have a notebook in the cage to complete written assignments for each child.

The structure of the lesson includes:

• games to develop sensory experience;
• games to develop knowledge about the world around us;
• games for the development of perception;
• games to develop attention and memory;
• games to develop spatial orientation;
• games to develop fine motor skills, etc.
• games to consolidate knowledge from speech therapy classes
• Conversations on developing interest in school

The lesson should be conducted in a playful way.

The lesson is conducted in a favorable emotional environment and arouses interest.

Tasks should be used taking into account the child’s mental capabilities.

It is necessary to encourage the satisfaction that the child receives from the activity.

It is necessary to gradually complicate the types of work, successively moving from elementary to more complex tasks.

Psychologist: The next task is “Find your class.”

An application is proposed that depicts a three-story school, with three classes on each floor. You need to find the classes:

Ane - class on the second floor, second in a row,

Vadim - class on the right above Anya's class,

Nastya is the class to the left of Anina,

Alyosha - class to the right of Vadim's class,

Natasha is a class located in the right corner of the lower floor of the school.

That's all. The students found their classes.

Psychologist: All first-graders know what should be in their briefcase. Do you know? The next task is to assemble an imaginary briefcase.

Exercise “Collecting a briefcase”

Children sit in a circle. The first participant says: “I’ll put it in my briefcase...” - and names some subject necessary at school. The next child repeats the name of the object that the previous child named and adds his own object, the next one - the first two words and his own, the last one repeats all the named objects.

Psychologist: Well done, you completed all the tasks! So you're ready for school.

And finally, I would like to invite you to fill out the “first-grader’s piggy bank.”

Exercise “First-grader’s piggy bank”

Instructions: children are asked to “fill” two piggy banks: “student’s difficulties” and “student’s successes” (any opaque jars with names of different colors pasted on can be used as a piggy bank). Children list what, in their opinion, can complicate their studies, life at school, upset them, or, conversely, bring pleasure, make them happy, or help them cope with school difficulties. Each statement is accompanied by throwing coins (paper clips, peas, etc.) into the corresponding piggy bank.

When the options run out, invite the children to “rattle” the piggy bank and determine where there is more content. If children believe that the piggy bank of “success” is louder, lead to the fact that there is more success in the student’s life. If it is the same, then, despite the difficulties, there will be no less success.

And if there are more difficulties, add “chips” to the “success” box by mentioning what the children forgot about.

Final part.

Psychologist: Our lesson has come to an end and before we say goodbye. Each person name what they liked most. Now let's say goodbye.

Farewell ritual.

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Summary of the training session with parents

"Psychological preparation of a child for school"

Prepared by:

Gorshkova Anna Aleksandrovna - educational psychologist MBOU DOD TsRTDI Yu

Goal: optimization of parent-child relationships.

Familiarize yourself with the characteristics of psychological readiness for school in six-year-old children;

Teach productive ways to interact with a child;

Develop relationships of partnership and cooperation between parents and children.

Required material: 3 sheets of A4 format with images of smiling, sad and crying emoticons.

Expected results: development of positive interaction between parents and children, establishment of partnerships in the family of each child.

Progress of the lesson

Exercise "If you could compare..."

Sitting in a circle and passing a toy, parents take turns saying: “My child’s name is... If it could be compared to a school subject, it would be... Because...”

Mini-lecture "What is psychological readiness for school"

Psychological readiness for school is a kind of complex indicator that allows one to predict the success or failure of a first-grader’s education.

So what components are included in the “school readiness” set?

This is, first of all, motivational readiness, i.e. having a desire to learn. Most parents will almost immediately answer that their children want to go to school and, therefore, they have a motivational readiness. However, this is not quite true.

The desire to go to school and the desire to learn are significantly different from each other.

The school should attract the child with its main activity - learning. If the question: “Why do you want to go to school?” They answer you: “Because I have a beautiful backpack” or “My friends are there, we will have fun” or something else like that - he is attracted by external accessories, and not by the educational activity itself.

Next comes intellectual readiness. Many parents believe that this is the main component of psychological readiness for school, and its basis is teaching children writing, reading and counting skills. This belief is the reason for parents’ mistakes when preparing their children for school, as well as the reason for their subsequent disappointments.

In fact, intellectual readiness does not imply that the child has any specific knowledge and skills (for example, reading), although, of course, the child must have certain skills. Rather, it implies the development of his mental functions (perception, thinking, memory, speech, imagination), and throughout preschool childhood.

And then at school, the teacher, relying on existing skills, will give the child new educational material.

Social readiness means that the child knows the rules of behavior at school, how to communicate with peers... If, before entering first grade, your child did not attend kindergarten, and his communication was limited only to communicating with you and his grandparents, then it is unlikely Will he be able to painlessly join the new team?

If the child has developed social readiness, to the question: “Why do you want to go to school?” he should answer something like this: “I want to go to school, because all children should study, it is necessary and important.”

And now I invite you to remember your childhood, or rather, your school time.

Game "Choose a smiley face"

3 emoticons are attached to the wall at some distance from each other (1st - smiling, 2nd - sad, 3rd - crying).

Questions regarding their schooling are read to parents. Instead of answering, they must choose the appropriate emoji and stand under it.

1. Do you remember in what mood you went to first grade?

2. How did your parents feel when they saw you off to first grade?

3. Remember the feelings and facial expression with which you sat down for lessons in most cases.

4. How did you feel when you graduated from school?

Mini-lecture "Parent's attitude = child's attitude"

I think it will be no secret to anyone that psychological readiness for school largely depends on parents and their attitude. It is very important to give your child a positive attitude towards learning in first grade.

But where will it come from those parents who themselves have had a hard time adapting to school, and, as a consequence, all the rest of their school years? Adults, naturally, may experience anxiety before such important changes in life, but under no circumstances should this be passed on to the baby. Do not discuss school education problems in his presence, do not show your fears.

But there is also a downside: the overly optimistic attitude of parents gives rise to rosy ideas about school in the child. As a result, he does not expect problems at all from a new phenomenon in his life.

And when faced with the first difficulties, he becomes disillusioned with school as such. And, oddly enough, in myself. After all, he is sure that everyone copes with the assigned tasks easily, and only he does not succeed: well, how can he not blame himself for what is happening.

It would be much more correct to explain to the child the advantages and disadvantages of school and learning, the knowledge and skills acquired there, but do not forget to mention that this is often a difficult task. That you still need to get used to school, that everyone faces difficulties, and it is important to overcome them together. As a result, the child will develop a positive attitude towards school and an understanding of the difficulties ahead.

Brainstorm

Parents are divided into 2 groups. The first comes up with expressions that contribute to a decrease in self-esteem, as well as motivation to learn and achieve.

The second group comes up with phrases that can increase learning motivation and self-esteem.

Then one person from the group is selected and read out the resulting expressions.

Discussion.

Mini-lecture "On the benefits of games for preschoolers"

Another very important psychological feature of preschool children: their main activity is play, through which they develop and gain new knowledge. That is, all tasks should be presented to the child in a playful way, and homework should not turn into a learning process. But by working with your child at home, you don’t even have to set aside any specific time for this; you can constantly develop your baby.

Play as the leading activity of a preschooler is of great importance for the physical, mental, moral and aesthetic education of children. First of all, cognitive development is carried out in it, since gaming activities contribute to the expansion and deepening of ideas about the surrounding reality, the development of attention, memory, observation, thinking and speech.

And now I suggest you split into pairs and complete the following task.

Exercise "Developing - playing"

Parents split into pairs. They are given notes with tasks. The first one comes up with and shows how to offer a child a task in a playful way.

The second is a child, completing a task. When everyone is done, start the discussion:

It was clear - it was not clear, it was interesting - it was not interesting for the “child”.

It was difficult or easy to “beat” the task for an adult.

Lesson reflection

Parents share their impressions, the psychologist thanks everyone for their work.

On this topic:

Material from the site nsportal.ru

preparation for school, preschoolers, child psychology for parents

Annotation:

The kit includes a teaching aid and demonstration materials necessary for a teacher-psychologist teaching classes in the school preparation program. The methodological manual describes the diagnostic procedure and presents detailed lesson scenarios.

Preface

Introduction

The beginning of schooling is a qualitatively new stage in a child’s life, and the main thing is that when moving to this new stage, he or she develops a psychological, and above all motivational, readiness for learning activities and a desire to learn. By the end of preschool age, the child reaches a fairly high level of cognitive and personal development, masters the world of things, and develops the position of a schoolchild. But being ready for school does not mean being able to read, write and count, it means being ready to learn all this. School readiness includes the following parameters:

Psychological readiness - the state of the psyche, nervous system, motivation for educational activities;

Intellectual readiness – the child has a broad outlook and developed cognitive processes;

Emotional-volitional readiness – the ability to manage emotions, build relationships with the outside world;

Physical readiness – the state of the child’s health (as an additional component).

A major role in creating the foundation for successful educational activities is played by the development of cognitive processes: thinking, memory, speech and, no less important, perception, attention, performance, as well as the emotional-volitional sphere and communication skills.

The comprehensive developmental program “The Year Before School: From A to Z” is designed to organize the preparation of children 6–7 years old attending preschool educational institutions for school. It is aimed at developing both cognitive activity and psychological readiness.

Classes that include a variety of game studies, psychological exercises, finger games, practical logic tasks, relaxation exercises, elements of psycho-gymnastics, etc. contribute to the development of communication skills and the creation of a friendly atmosphere in the group; develop attention, memory, logic, innovative thinking, expand the child’s horizons, and develop hand-eye coordination. Relaxation exercises relieve muscle and emotional tension and create a trusting atmosphere in the children's team. Playful activities help the child accept the role of a student, form an emotionally positive attitude towards school, and increase motivation for learning activities.

When creating a series of lessons, materials from the “To School with Joy” programs were used ( Schwab, 2007), “Teaching literacy to preschool children” ( Martsinkevich, 2004); “Pedagogical diagnostics of children’s development before entering school,” edited by T. S. Komarova and O. A. Solomennikova.

The program contains content that makes it possible to provide each child with the necessary starting opportunities for admission and further successful education at school. Conditions are created for the development of attentiveness, the ability to reason, analyze and compare, generalize and highlight the essential features of objects, improve cognitive activity, while taking into account the individual characteristics of each child. In the course of work, the intellectual activity necessary for a future first-grader is formed, and the joy of learning is born.

Purpose of the program - to prepare older preschoolers for successful schooling by developing the cognitive, communicative and emotional-volitional sphere, enriching them with the necessary knowledge that will help them feel confident and comfortable when entering school and throughout their school years.

Determining the level of readiness of children to study at school (conducting an initial and repeated psychological and pedagogical examination).

Expanding your horizons.

Assessment and development of motivation for educational activities, intellectual activity (performing abilities, volitional qualities) of the child.

Formation of personal, socio-psychological, intellectual and emotional-volitional readiness.

Development of higher mental functions (memory, thinking, attention, perception, imagination, speech based on the child’s abilities); the ability to compare, generalize, find cause-and-effect relationships, graphic skills, hand-eye coordination.

Development of skills of voluntary regulation of behavior.

Development of communication skills with peers and adults, creative abilities; trust, group cooperation.

Relieving emotional and muscle tension (relaxation exercises).

When implementing the program, it is necessary to observe the basic operating principles:

Respect for the child, the process and results of his activities, combined with reasonable demands;

An integrated approach to developing classes;

Systematicity and sequence of classes;

Variability of content and forms of classes;

Visibility;

Adequacy of the loads and requirements placed on the child during classes;

Gradual and systematic in the development and formation of school-significant functions, progression from simple knowledge to more complex ones;

Repeatability of material, formation and consolidation of acquired knowledge.

The main form of work is a frontal educational and game lesson using standard and non-standard forms, techniques and activities: psychological games, sketches, relaxation exercises, logical tasks, stories, conversations, drawings, graphic dictations, riddles, etc.

More details on the website www.psyparents.ru

This table will help me get feedback from you.

1.4. Conversation. Conclusion.

The situation of passing an exam is the same for all students, but everyone experiences it and behaves in it differently. What is this connected with?

Of course, it depends largely on how you learned the material, how well you know a particular subject, how confident you are in your abilities. Sometimes it happens like this - you have learned the study material really well and suddenly during the exam you have the feeling that you have forgotten everything, some scraps of thoughts are rushing around in your head, your heart is beating quickly and strongly, in order to prevent this from happening, you need to learn to overcome your fear, study techniques of mobilization and concentration, as well as relieving emotional stress. That's what we'll do now.

1.5. Exercise "Angry Balls".

Goal: to teach safe ways to express irritation and relieve emotional stress.

Instructions: guys, inflate the balloons and tie them.

Imagine that an inflatable balloon is a human body, and the air in it represents feelings of irritation, anger, tension.

Tell me, can air now (children holding tied balloons) move in and out of it?

What happens when a person is overwhelmed by a feeling of irritation and tension? (the ball will explode, and the person will have an emotional breakdown or some kind of aggressive act)

Can a person who is experiencing psycho-emotional stress or irritation remain calm, think productively, do something efficiently, and do something well?

The psychologist pops his balloon.

How did you feel when the balloon exploded?

Can this way of expressing irritation and relieving emotional stress be safe? Why?

Guys, if the ball is a person, then an exploding ball means some kind of aggressive act, for example, disputes, conflicts, dissatisfaction with others and with oneself.

Now inflate another balloon, but do not tie it, but hold it tightly in your hand without releasing the air. You remember that the ball is a person, and the air inside it represents feelings of irritation, anxiety, and tension.

Now release some air from the balloon and squeeze it again.

Have you noticed that the ball has gotten smaller?

Did the ball explode? When did you let the air out of him?

Can this way of expressing feelings be considered safer? Why?

Is the ball still intact? Did you scare anyone?

What conclusion can you draw after this exercise? What thoughts did it give you?

Conclusion: this balloon is an indicator of a person’s neuropsychic state, and the way air escapes from it is an association with ways of regulating one’s emotional state.

1.6. Information from a psychologist about anxiety, stages of stress. SLIDE.

(Anxiety – emotion. Failure – aggression – depression)

There is no such person who would never experience anxiety and tension. It's natural to worry. A person has a special biological mechanism that helps cope with emotional overload.

Anxiety means that your body is ready to fight the difficulties that have arisen; this state is temporary and is intended by nature for extreme situations. The body cannot stay in it for long. BUT if a person is nervous for a long time, experiences difficulties, is in a tense state for a long time, an emotional breakdown and irreparable damage to health may ultimately occur.

Of course, the exams that await you require a lot of effort in preparation, both physical and emotional. Exams are a serious test that forces you to mobilize all your strength.

There are certain techniques of volitional mobilization, as well as techniques of relaxation and stress relief. Why is the ability to relax necessary?

As you know, muscle tension causes negative emotions of anxiety of varying strength. If the emotions are strong enough, they block thought processes. Therefore, it is important to be able to relieve muscle tension.

And mobilization techniques help improve cerebral circulation and increase performance. Therefore, it is very important to know and systematically perform exercises that help regulate your condition, and during preparation for exams they should be done daily.

Now, I propose to discuss healthy ways to overcome stressful conditions and relieve emotional tension, which you know and could use while preparing for exams.

1.7. Work in pairs. SLIDE

Instructions: Discuss healthy ways to cope with stress during preparation and passing exams (that is, volitional mobilization techniques and techniques for relieving nervous tension).

Discussion of developments.

1 person from the pair offers 1 method, preferably without repeating himself and demonstrating the exercise. Let's do everything together

1.8. Doing practical exercises.

On the slide you see different ways to relieve emotional stress and mobilize

SLIDE “WAYS TO RELIEF NERVO-MENTAL TENSION”

Additionally, you can suggest the following exercises:

1. "Chopping wood."

Instructions: spread your feet shoulder-width apart, take a full deep breath through your nose, filling your stomach and lungs with air, raising your arms above your head. Hold your breath for a few seconds and then sharply tilt your torso, lowering your arms downwards with force, as if chopping wood.

At the same time say: “Ha!” due to sharp exhalation of air, but not due to the vocal cords. Slowly straighten up, inhaling smoothly, and again raise your arms above your head and exhale sharply, leaning forward. When performing the exercise, mentally imagine that along with your exhalation, negative thoughts, everything bad and painful, are leaving your body.

1. “Sunflowers” ​​or “Stars” (hands up, reach for the sun)
2. Breathing exercises 4 – 4 - 4
3. Head tilts forward, backward, to the sides. Writing your name with your head in the air. (Goal: improve cerebral circulation)
4. Walnuts.

Material nsportal.ru

Psychological lesson with training elements:

“Formula for success in preparing for and passing the State Examination and the Unified State Exam”

(for students and teachers).

Goal: familiarization with the strategy and tactics of behavior during the preparation and passing of the State Examination and the Unified State Exam.

1. teach skills of self-regulation and self-control based on internal reserves;

2. increase self-confidence, self-confidence, and resistance to stress;

3. develop the ability for self-knowledge and reflection of one’s own state and behavior;

4. develop mental cognitive processes (memory, attention, imagination, speech);

5. develop feelings of empathy, self-attention and trust in others.

Working methods: mini-lecture, conversation, relaxation exercises.

Forms of work: individual and frontal work.

Means: 2 balls of different colors, weighted scales, star blanks, pens, reminders, MP3 music audio recordings, multimedia presentation.

Progress of the lesson

Psychologist:

We have been taking exams our entire adult lives. This applies not only to exams at school, university or when applying for a job. Moreover, in recent years, exams at school have become quite commonplace; they are often held even in primary grades, and end with the epic final and entrance exams. And now new forms of final certification of graduates have appeared, in the form of State Examination and Unified State Examination. (Slide 1)

Exercise 1.

Continue the statement “For me, the State Examination and Unified State Examination is...”, “For my students, the State Examination and Unified State Examination is...” (analyzing the results, the psychologist focuses on the common difficulties of teachers and students - fatigue, lack of time, overload...). (Slide 2)

Exercise 2.

The psychologist offers 2 balls of different colors, which are passed in a circle from different sides. The one who received 1 ball continues the phrase: “I like the conduct of the State Examination and the Unified State Exam...”, the one who received the 2nd ball - “The conduct of the State Examination and the Unified State Exam upsets me...”. At this time, the psychologist fixes the load on the scales, i.e. positive and negative answers and draws the participants’ attention to the “inevitability” of negative factors in the professional activity of a teacher and the need to preserve the physical and psychological health of a professional teacher. (Slide 3)

Psychologist:

We understand the readiness of teachers and graduates to take the State Exam and the Unified State Exam as a complex of acquired knowledge, skills, abilities, and qualities that allow them to successfully perform certain activities. The following components can be distinguished in readiness to pass the exam in the form of the State Examination and the Unified State Exam: (Slide 4)

Information readiness (awareness about the rules of behavior during the exam, awareness about the rules for filling out forms, etc.);

Subject or content readiness (readiness in a certain subject, ability to solve test tasks);

Psychological readiness (state of readiness - “mood”, internal disposition towards a certain behavior, focus on expedient actions, updating and adapting the individual’s capabilities for successful actions in the situation of passing an exam).

Exercise "Tree of Life". (Slide 5)

Psychologist:

The leaves of this tree are the days of a person’s life. Each leaf will be fresh and green if you maintain the crown, in return branches of equal value will grow: I can, I want, I must.

These branches are supported by the trunk of a healthy lifestyle, fed by the roots that form the basis of a healthy lifestyle (these are: physical activity, giving up bad habits, proper balanced nutrition, positive emotions, etc.). Let's close our eyes and imagine our tree of life... Ask yourself mentally the questions: What can I?... What do I want... What should I?...

Let's try to plant our own tree of life today! Let’s begin to nourish its roots with useful recommendations that will be useful to both students and teachers.

Mini-lecture “Formula for success”: (Slide 6)

Any exams are stressful. They require a person to mobilize all his forces, and not only intellectual ones. Jokingly, it’s hardly worth expecting that you will be able to pass this difficult test.

The question is: how to ensure that the expenditure of labor, time and nerves is used with maximum efficiency and ultimately leads to the achievement of the set goal. A few tips for teachers and students will help them determine their own formula for success.

Physical fitness preparation.

Of course, exams are primarily a test of intelligence and knowledge. But in order to survive the exam marathon to the end, you will first need to be in good physical shape. This means that you need to build your regime in such a way that you spend your energy sparingly, otherwise you may not have enough energy to reach the finish line.

The first and necessary condition is to get enough sleep. (Slide 7) It is believed that for proper rest a person needs at least 8 hours of sleep per day. However, this indicator is individual for each person. There is no doubt: not only the “quantity of sleep” is important, but also its quality. Here's what experts advise: (Slide 8)

1. To ensure that preparing for the exam is not a burden, you need to know what time of day you work best. You, of course, have heard that among people there are “night owls” and “larks”. Owls are most active from 7 pm to midnight. “Larks” - early in the morning - from 6 to 9 o'clock and in the middle of the day. By observing yourself, you can find out whether you are a “night owl” or a “lark”. Try to notice what time of day you are most active. Choose the right time to study independently or prepare for exams!
2. Our sleep is divided into phases lasting about 1.5 hours. A feeling of being “broken” often occurs when waking up in the middle of a sentence. Therefore, it is necessary that the time allotted for sleep be a multiple of 1.5 hours. In other words, it is better to sleep 7.5 hours than 8 or even 8.5. As a last resort, you can limit yourself to 6 hours of sleep (1.5 x 4), but, of course, as an exception. You won't last long on this regime.
3. The best quality sleep is before midnight. It is no coincidence that “larks”, that is, people who are accustomed to going to bed early and waking up early, generally require fewer hours to sleep than “night owls” - those who like to stay up late and have great difficulty getting up in the morning. The following scheme can be considered close to the ideal: lights out at 22:30, wake-up at 6:00. The day will seem “long” and how much you can do in it.
4. High pillows should be avoided. Blood circulation processes in the brain proceed better if the head lies on a low, almost flat pillow, therefore, the body restores strength faster and more efficiently. If there is very little time left for sleep, but you still need to get enough sleep, you can try to lie down without a pillow at all.
5. The room where the student sleeps should be cool and well ventilated. A very useful habit – not only during exams and other extreme situations – is the habit of sleeping with the window open in any weather. If it's very cold outside, it's better to take an extra blanket. But the air in the room must be fresh.
6. Don't forget about the evening shower, which should be neither too hot nor too cold. Warm water washes away not only the dirt of the day - it takes away fatigue and tension and helps you relax.
7. Under no circumstances should you overeat at night, especially not drink strong tea or coffee. The best drink before going to bed is a weak decoction of chamomile or mint (it is sold in the form of tea bags, which you just need to brew with boiling water). You can add 1 teaspoon of honey to the decoction, unless, of course, you are allergic to it.

Exercise “Rain in the Jungle.” (Slide 9)

Psychologist: “Let’s stand in a tight circle, one after another. Imagine that you are in the jungle. At first the weather was magnificent, the sun was shining, it was very hot and stuffy.

But then a light breeze blew. Touch the back of the person in front and make light movements with your hands.

The wind increases (pressure on the back increases). A hurricane began (strong circular movements). Then a light rain began (light tapping on the partner’s back). But the rain began (moving the fingers of the palm up and down). It began to hail (strong tapping movements with all fingers). It began to rain again, a light rain began to patter, a hurricane swept through, a strong wind blew, then it became weak, and everything in nature calmed down. The sun came out again. Now turn 180 degrees and continue the game.”

After finishing the exercise, discussion: How do you feel after this massage? Was it pleasant or not to perform certain actions?

Continuation of the mini-lecture “Formula for Success”...

Balanced nutrition. (Slide 10)

In principle, no special diet is required during the examination session. You need to eat what you are used to and what you like. But still, a few simple tips are recommended:

1. The basis of a healthy diet for an “intellectual” is proteins and vitamins. Therefore, the diet should include enough meat and poultry, fish, eggs and cottage cheese. It is better to replace “heavy” side dishes of potatoes, rice or pasta with fresh salads from all kinds of vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, sweet peppers.

Among vegetables, the “champions” in terms of vitamin C content, which is often called “health vitamins,” are cabbage and peppers. Instead of too hot seasonings and fatty mayonnaise, you need to use vegetable oil in half with lemon juice - this is both tasty and healthy. And don’t forget about fruits - fortunately, during the “hot” exam season, which occurs in the summer months, there is no shortage of fresh fruits and berries.

2. Many people like canned fruit juices, but... unfortunately, they cannot be considered a complete food product, because they are made from powder and water. Another thing is freshly squeezed juices. This is a real storehouse of vitamins and valuable minerals.

To prepare juices, you need to use not only fruits (apples and oranges), but also vegetables - carrots, cabbage, beets.

3. You need to eat regularly. By missing an hour of lunch because they don’t want to look up from their textbooks, students risk driving themselves into a state of “ravenous hunger.” Then it will be difficult to resist overeating, which will result in drowsiness.

It is better to eat little by little, but on time.

4. Among the natural products that stimulate brain function and stimulate intellectual activity, nutritionists name:

Raw grated carrots with vegetable oil, which improves memory;

Cabbage, which relieves stress;

Vitamin “C” (lemon, orange) – refreshes thoughts and facilitates the perception of information;

Chocolate – nourishes brain cells;

Avocado (half a fruit daily);

Shrimp (100 g per day) will help you concentrate

Nuts (100-200 g per day, morning and evening) have a beneficial effect on brain function and strengthen the nervous system.

5. It is better to refrain from taking medications (stimulants, antidepressants) - their effect on the body is not always predictable and is often fraught with side effects.

So, in some cases, instead of a burst of energy, they lead to drowsiness and loss of strength. An exception can be made for vitamins such as Undevit and the drug Glycine, which are considered harmless.

Meditative and relaxation exercise – “Temple of Silence”. (Slide 11)

Psychologist: Imagine yourself walking on one of the streets of a crowded and noisy city... Feel your feet stepping on the pavement... Pay attention to other passers-by, their facial expressions, figures...

Perhaps some of them look anxious, others are calm... or joyful... Pay attention to the sounds you hear... Pay attention to the store windows... What do you see in them?..

There are a lot of passersby hurrying somewhere... Maybe you will see a familiar face in the crowd. You can go and greet this person. Or maybe you’ll pass by... Stop and think about what you feel on this noisy street?..

Now turn the corner and walk down another street... This is a quieter street. The further you go, the fewer people you meet...

After walking a little more, you will notice a large building, different in architecture from all the others... You see a large sign on it: “Temple of Silence”... You understand that this temple is a place where no sounds are heard, where no Not a single word was spoken.

You approach and touch the heavy carved wooden doors. You open them, enter and immediately find yourself surrounded by complete and deep silence... Stay in this temple... in silence...

Take as much time as you need to do this... When you want to leave this temple, push the doors and go outside. How do you feel now? Remember the road that leads to the “Temple of Silence”.

Whenever you want, you can return to it again.

Continuation of the lecture “Formula for Success”...

What to do if your eyes are tired? (Slide 12)

During the period of preparation for exams, the strain on the eyes increases. If your eyes are tired, it means your body is tired: it may not have enough strength to complete the exam task. You need to make sure your eyes are rested.

Do any two exercises:

1. look alternately up and down (25 seconds), left and right (15 seconds);

2. write your first name, middle name, last name with your eyes;

3. Alternately fix your gaze on a distant object (20 seconds), then on a sheet of paper in front of you (20 seconds);

4. Draw a square and a triangle with your eyes - first clockwise, then in the opposite direction.

Exercise "Float in the ocean." (Slide 13)

“This exercise is used when you feel some kind of tension or when you need to control yourself, and you are afraid that you will lose control of yourself (sounds of the sea).

Imagine that you are a small float in a huge ocean... You have no goal, compass, map, rudder, oars... You move where the wind and ocean waves carry you... A big wave may cover you for a while, but you emerge again surface... Try to feel these pushes and dives... Feel the movement of the wave... the warmth of the sun... raindrops... the pillow of the sea below you, supporting you... What other sensations do you get when you imagine yourself as a small float in a big ocean?

Exercise “Full Breathing”. (Music audio recording MP3)

“Take a comfortable position, straighten your back. Close your eyes. Focus on your breathing.

Air first fills the abdominal cavity, and then your chest and lungs. Take a full breath, then several light, calm exhalations.

Now calmly, without any special effort, take a new breath.

Pay attention to which parts of the body are in contact with the chair and floor. In those parts of the body where the surface supports you, try to feel this support a little more strongly. Imagine that the chair (floor, bed) is raised to support you.

Relax those muscles with which you support yourself.

Pulse became smaller (lower!)"

Exercise “Find your star.” (Slide 15)

Psychologist: “Sit back and close your eyes. Take three deep breaths and exhales... (calm music sounds).

Now imagine the starry sky. Stars big and small, bright and dim. For some it is one or several stars, for others it is an innumerable number of bright luminous points, either receding or approaching at arm's length.

Look carefully at these stars and choose the most beautiful star. Perhaps it is similar to your childhood dream, or maybe it reminded you of moments of happiness, joy, good luck, inspiration?

Once again, admire your star and try to reach it. Try your best! And you will definitely get your star.

Take it from the sky and carefully place it in front of you, take a closer look at it and try to remember what it looks like and what light it emits. Now run your palms over your knees, down to your feet, and sweetly stretch, open your eyes.”

At this time, the psychologist lays out in front of the children a lot of pre-prepared multi-colored “stars”. “Take the star that is most similar to yours. On one side of the “star” write what you would like to achieve in the near future, and on the other, write the name of your “star”. Attach it to our starry sky.

And now the stars will shine on us every training session, radiating kindness, friendship, mutual assistance, and support. And at the last lesson you will take them with you, they will lead you to your cherished goal and will accompany you all in exams and further in life.”

Exercise “Who praises himself best, or a reminder for a rainy day.”

Psychologist: Each of the people has attacks of blues, “sour” mood, when it seems that you are worthless in this life, nothing is working out for you. At such moments, you somehow forget all your own achievements, victories, abilities, joyful events.

But each of us has something to be proud of. There is such a technique in psychological counseling. The psychologist, together with the person who contacts him, draws up a memo in which the merits, achievements, and abilities of this person are recorded.

During attacks of bad mood, reading the memo gives vigor and allows you to evaluate yourself more adequately. Let's do similar work. If you want, you can read your memos to us later.

The completed forms will remain with you.

A large table depicted on the forms is drawn on the board.

MEMO FORM “My best qualities”