Logopedic portal / Abstracts of speech therapy classes / Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein: biography. Biography Graduates of the Kama School

Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein: biography. Biography Graduates of the Kama School

02.04.2022

early years

Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein was born on November 28, 1899 in the city of Voronezh in the family of a handicraftsman (Jew). He graduated from the 7th grade of the gymnasium.

In 1918 he volunteered for the Red Army. Member of the Civil War.

In 1918-1919 he was a soldier of the 107th Infantry Regiment, then a Red Army soldier of the 12th Cavalry Regiment of the 12th Infantry Division.

From November 1919 - squadron commissar of the 34th cavalry regiment of the 6th cavalry division.

In 1920 he served as commissar of the 31st, 33rd and 34th cavalry regiments.

Between wars

With the end of the Civil War, he moved from political to command positions - brigade intelligence chief, platoon commander, squadron commander in the 5th cavalry division.

In 1926 he graduated from the courses of command personnel in Novocherkassk.

In 1928-1931 he studied at the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze.

In 1931-1933 he was Chief of Staff of the 7th Mechanized Regiment of the 7th Cavalry Division.

In 1933-1934 he was assistant chief of the 1st department of the mechanization and motorization department of the Red Army.

In 1934-1936 he was commander of the 6th Mechanized Regiment of the 6th Cavalry Division.

Spain, Hassan, Poland, Finland

In 1936, Krivoshein volunteered to take part in the Spanish Civil War, where he commanded tank units in the defense of Madrid.

Upon his return from Spain, he was appointed commander of the 8th mechanized brigade of the Separate Red Banner Far Eastern Army. He took part in the battles with the Japanese at Lake Khasan in 1938.

In 1939, Krivoshein commanded the 29th light tank brigade, with which he participated in the Soviet-Polish war.

On September 22, 1939, brigade commander S. M. Krivoshein, together with the German general G. Guderian, participated in the ceremony of transferring Brest-nad-Bug to the USSR (the so-called "joint parade in Brest").

In 1940, S. M. Krivoshein participated in the Soviet-Finnish war. On February 27, the 29th light tank brigade under his command, consisting of 256 T-26 tanks, is transferred from Brest. On March 13, together with the 34th Rifle Corps, he stormed the city of Vyborg.

At the end of the war, he was appointed commander of the 15th Motorized Division.

With the introduction of general ranks in the Red Army, by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of June 4, 1940, Krivoshein was awarded the military rank of major general.

In June-December 1940 - commander of the 2nd tank division of the 3rd mechanized corps, then - head of the Auto-Armored Directorate of the Baltic Special Military District.

From April 1941 - commander of the 25th mechanized corps.

The Great Patriotic War

Since the beginning of the war, S. M. Krivoshein fought with the German troops on the Central Front, participated in the defense of Mogilev.

From October 1941 - head of the combat training department of the Main Auto-Armored Directorate of the Red Army.

Since February 1943, S. M. Krivoshein was again at the front - he commanded the 3rd mechanized corps (later the 8th guards), with which he took part in the Battle of Kursk.

On August 21, 1943, Major General S. M. Krivoshein was awarded the military rank of Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces.

In October 1943, S. M. Krivoshein was wounded and until February 1944 he was treated.

From February 10, 1944, until the end of the war, Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces S. M. Krivoshein was the commander of the 1st Krasnograd Mechanized Corps, which distinguished itself in forcing the Shchara River, liberating the cities of Slonim and Brest. But especially - in the Berlin operation and in street battles in the capital of Germany - the city of Berlin.

For skillful command of the corps and personal courage, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 29, 1945, Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces Krivoshein Semyon Moiseevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

After the war

At the end of the war, S. M. Krivoshein was appointed commander of the 1st mechanized division.

In 1946-1950, he was the head of the department of tactics at the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze.

In 1950-1952 - Commander of the Armored and Mechanized Troops of the Odessa Military District.

In 1952-1953 he was a student of the Higher Academic Courses at the Military Academy of the General Staff.

Lived in Moscow.

Buried in Moscow.

Awards

three orders of Lenin
three orders of the Red Banner
Order of Kutuzov 1st class
Order of Suvorov 2nd class
Order of the Red Star
medals
He was awarded the title "Honorary Citizen of the City of Brest".

Memory

The following were named after S. M. Krivoshein:

ship of the Ministry of the River Fleet.
streets in Voronezh and Brest.
street in the town of Stroitel, Belgorod region.

Compositions

Wrote 4 books of memoirs:

"Through the Storms"
"Mezhdubure"
"Chongarians"
"War story"

He graduated from seven classes of the Voronezh gymnasium (1917). While studying at the gymnasium from December 1914 to June 1916, he was engaged in tutoring in the city of Ostrogozhsk.

In the RCP(b) since 1919.

He died on September 16, 1978 in Krasnogorsk, Moscow Region. He was buried in Moscow at the Kuntsevo cemetery (plot 9-3).

Education. He graduated from the Novocherkassk Cavalry KUKS (1926), VA them. Frunze (1931), VAK at VVA im. Voroshilov (1952).

Military service. In the Red Army, voluntarily since July 1918.

Participation in wars, military conflicts. Civil War (Southern Front, Deninkin, Crimea, Wrangel). Soviet-Polish war (1920). The fight against banditry (Makhno in Ukraine, Ryabokon in the North Caucasus). Spanish Civil War. Polish campaign (1939). Soviet-Finnish war (1939 - 1940). The Great Patriotic War.

Service in the Red Army. Since July 1918 - a Red Army soldier of the 107th rifle regiment of the Voronezh province. From May 1919 - Red Army soldier of the 12th Cavalry Regiment (12th Infantry Division, Southern Front). Since November 1919 - Commissar of the squadron of the 34th Cavalry Regiment of the 6th Cavalry Division (1st Cavalry Army). Since April 1920, he was successively appointed to the post of military commissar in the 31st, 33rd and 34th cavalry regiments. From September to November 1920 he was a temporary military commissar of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade of the 6th Cavalry Division of the 1st Cavalry Army. Since November 1920 - instructor of the political department of the 6th cavalry division.

Since January 1921 - Head of Intelligence of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade of the 6th Cavalry Division (1st Cavalry Army, North Caucasian Military District). Since July 1921 - an officer for assignments under the commander of the 1st brigade. From May 1922 - platoon commander, and from January 1923 - squadron commander of the 32nd Cavalry Regiment. From October 1923 - squadron commander of the 27th Cavalry Regiment (5th Cavalry Division, North Caucasian Military District).

From November 1925 to September 1926 - a student of the Novocherkassk cavalry advanced training courses for commanders.

From September 1926 - squadron commander of the 27th Cavalry Regiment (5th Cavalry Division, North Caucasian Military District).

From September 1928 to May 1931 - student of the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze.

From May 1931 - Chief of Staff of the 7th Mechanized Regiment of the 7th Cavalry Division (Leningrad Military District). From February 1933 - Assistant Chief of the 1st Department of the Motorization and Mechanization Directorate of the Red Army. From May 1934 - commander of the 6th mechanized regiment of the 6th Cossack division (Belarusian Military District).

In 1935, he went on business trips to Czechoslovakia and France, for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Star. From September 1936 to March 1937, he volunteered during the Spanish Civil War, where he commanded a tank detachment and participated, among other things, in the defense of Madrid. For participation in hostilities in Spain, Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein was awarded the Order of Lenin.

After returning to the USSR, by order of the NPO No. 02524 dated July 21, 1937, he was appointed commander of the 8th division. mechanized brigade (Kyiv VO), in October 1938 transformed into the 29th department. light tank brigade, after which it was redeployed to the Belarusian Military District.

In 1938, on the instructions of Marshal of the Soviet Union K. E. Voroshilov, Krivoshein was sent to the battle area near Lake Khasan as a representative of the commission to investigate the causes of unsuccessful military operations. After returning from a business trip, he was again appointed to the post of commander of the 29th division. light tank brigade.

He took part in the hostilities during the Polish campaign, during which on September 22, 1939, together with General G. Guderian, he took part in the transfer of Brest-nad-Bug to the USSR.

Soon he took part in the course of the Soviet-Finnish war: on February 27, the 29th tank brigade under the command of Krivoshein, consisting of 256 T-26 tanks, was redeployed from Brest, and in March, along with the 34th rifle corps, stormed Vyborg.

By order of the NPO No. 02069 dated 05/09/1940, he was appointed commander of the 15th motorized rifle division. NKO By Order No. 0066 of 06/04/1940 - appointed commander of the 2nd Panzer Division (3rd Mechanized Corps). By order of the NPO No. 05504 dated 12/09/1940, he was appointed head of the Armored Directorate of the Baltic OVO. By order of the NPO No. 0012 dated March 11, 1941, he was appointed commander of the 25th mechanized corps (Kharkov Military District).

From July 1941, the corps under the command of Krivoshein conducted offensive and defensive military operations against enemy troops in the area of the cities of Rogachev, Zhlobin and Gomel. Soon he took part in the defense of Mogilev.

By order of the NPO No. 001056 dated 10/10/1941, he was appointed head of the Combat Training Directorate of the Main Armored Directorate of the Red Army. By order of the NCO No. 015 dated 01.1943, he was appointed head of the Combat Training Directorate of the Main Directorate for the Formation and Combat Training of the BT&MV KA. By order of the NPO No. 0708 dated February 7, 1943, he was appointed commander of the 3rd mechanized corps, which took part in the Battle of Kursk, and then in the Belgorod-Kharkov offensive operation.

By order of the NPO No. 306 of 10/23/1943, for the courage and heroism of the personnel, the 3rd mechanized corps was transformed into the 8th guards. mechanized, which soon took part in hostilities during the Zhytomyr-Berdichev offensive operation, during which it traveled up to 300 km and participated in the liberation of a number of settlements, including the cities of Kazatin and Berdichev.

By order of the NPO No. 051 dated February 10, 1944, he was appointed commander of the 1st mechanized corps, which took part in the Proskurov-Chernivtsi, Belorussian, Vistula-Oder and Berlin offensive operations, during which he distinguished himself in forcing the Schara River, liberating Slonim, Brest and Berlin.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 29, 1945, for the skillful command of the corps and personal courage, Lieutenant General of the Tank Forces Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 5869).

After the end of the war, Krivoshein continued to command the 1st mechanized corps as part of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, which in July 1945 was transformed into the 1st mechanized division.

By order of the MVS of the USSR No. 0530 dated July 29, 1946, he was the head of the department of tactics of armored and mechanized troops of the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze. By order of the Ministry of Armed Forces No. 01525 dated October 03, 1949, from October 12, 1949, he was placed at the disposal of the Main Directorate of Personnel of the USSR Armed Forces for referral for treatment with payment of full financial support for 6 months.

By order of the MVS No. 01419 dated March 14, 1950, he was appointed commander of the BTIMV of the Odessa Military District. By order of the VM No. 027u dated 12/22/1951 (p "6") for an irresponsible attitude to his official duties and poor management of the training of the armored and mechanized troops of the district, he was removed from the post of commander of the BTiMB of the Odessa Military District. By order of the VM No. 034 of 01/04/1952, he was placed at the disposal of the commander of the BT and MB SA.

From February to November 1952 - a student of higher academic courses at the Higher Military Academy named after K. E. Voroshilov.

By order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 01185 dated May 4, 1953, he was transferred to the reserve under Art. 59 paragraph "b" (due to illness) with the right to wear a military uniform with special distinctive signs on shoulder straps.

Military ranks: colonel (1936), brigade commander (Order of the NPO No. 1555 / p of 04/10/1937), major general (Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR No. 945 of 06/04/1940), lieutenant general of military service (Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR No. 900 of 21.08. 1943).

Awards: Medal "Gold Star" (No. 5869, 05/29/1945); three Orders of Lenin (1937, 1945, 05/29/1945); three Orders of the Red Banner (02/22/1930, 1944, 1949); Order of Kutuzov, 1st class (04/06/1945); Order of Suvorov II degree (08/27/1943); Order of Kutuzov II degree (1944); Order of the Red Star (1935); medals.

Foreign awards: Order of the Cross of Grunwald (Poland); two Polish medals.

Honorary citizen of Brest.

Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein- Soviet military figure and military leader, Hero of the Soviet Union, originally from Voronezh. Semyon Krivoshein was born in the capital of the Chernozem region in 1899. Being the son of the Jewish people, the future military leader from childhood experienced all the hardships of the life of this group of the population of the Russian Empire. Despite this, Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein entered the Voronezh gymnasium, where he studied for 7 years.

The revolution changed the fate of the young man. Already in 1918, he went to fight against her opponents as part of the Red Army. Semyon Krivoshein had to fight in the Civil War, both in the infantry and in the cavalry. In 1919, he moved up the ranks somewhat - he took the post of squadron commissar. A year later, a successful political worker becomes the commissar of the regiment.

After the final suppression of internal opponents of Soviet power, the former Voronezh high school student Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein decides to remain in the army. At first he commanded a reconnaissance detachment, then a platoon, and then a squadron.

In 1926, Semyon Krivoshein, realizing the insufficiency of his military education, decides to enroll in the courses of the command staff, which operated at that time in the city of Novocherkassk. Then he studied at the Frunze Academy.

After graduation, the promising commander was appointed chief of staff of a mechanized regiment. The problem of equipping the Red Army with the latest technology, the mechanization of its formations became more and more urgent in the 30s. Having a good professional education compared to many other Soviet officers, our hero was sent to perform this important work. He ended up in one of the departments of the Army Mechanization Department.

Since 1934, Semyon Krivoshein has been in command of a mechanized regiment, in practice introducing the innovations developed in the Directorate.

In 1936, the Civil War broke out in distant Spain. The Soviet Union from the very beginning began to provide assistance to local republicans. Money, weapons flowed to the homeland of Cervantes and Velasquez, and Soviet volunteers went. Among the latter was Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein, moreover, a native of Voronezh had to take a Spanish name and surname. It fell to him to lead a few tank formations of the Spanish Republic, to participate in a number of important battles, including in the defense of Madrid.

Returning to his homeland, Semyon Krivoshein began to command a mechanized brigade stationed in the Far East. During the conflict with Japan at Lake Khasan, the brigade commander took part in the battles against the troops of the Land of the Rising Sun.

In 1939, already commanding a tank brigade, Semyon Krivoshein participated in the occupation of Poland by Soviet troops, together with the Germans. Moreover, the red commander was even present at a military parade jointly with the troops of Nazi Germany in the city of Brest. There is a photograph in which a Jew (!) Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein stands next to one of the most promising military figures of the Nazi regime at that time, General Guderian.

Semyon Krivoshein also fought against Finland in 1940. His 29th brigade of two and a half hundred T-26 tanks entered Vyborg on March 13, which has since become Soviet territory. In the same year, after the war, the brigade commander again received a promotion - he was appointed commander of a motorized division. And in the summer of the same year, the government of the Soviet Union adopted a resolution on the introduction of general ranks in the army. Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein becomes a major general.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, an officer takes part in it on the Central Front. Since the autumn of 1941, Semyon Krivoshein has been in the rear - he is responsible for the combat training of armored forces. In 1943, the general returned to the front again, led the third mechanized corps. After some time, for their successful actions, this unit will become a guards unit. In August 1943, Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein received the rank of lieutenant general. However, already in the autumn he was seriously wounded and knocked the commander out of action until next year.

The general continued the war as commander of the 1st mechanized corps. The troops of Semyon Krivoshein especially distinguished themselves during the assault on the capital of Nazi Germany, Berlin, and also in urban battles on its territory. For personal courage and qualified command of the corps during this operation, the commander became a Hero of the Soviet Union. The decree on conferring this rank on the general was issued on May 29, 1945.

After the Victory, Semyon Krivoshein held a number of important posts in the Soviet army, taught at the Frunze Academy, and in 1953 was transferred to the reserve.
The general died in 1976 in Moscow, where he was buried.

In the homeland of Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein, in Voronezh, they remember their outstanding countryman. One of the streets of the city bears his name.

RIA Voronezh correspondents with historian Vladimir Razmustov continue to talk about the heroes of the Great Patriotic War, after whom the streets of Voronezh are named. On Friday, April 8, a special project is dedicated to the memory of Semyon Krivoshein, a native of Voronezh, lieutenant general of tank troops, Hero of the USSR.

Semyon Krivoshein (11/28/1899 - 09/16/1978)

The future general of tank troops was born in Voronezh in the family of a Jewish handicraftsman, that is, an artisan working alone at home. In his autobiography, Krivoshein wrote that, despite his modest income, his parents gave him a good education.

- There is a document on the completion of seven classes by Semyon Krivoshein of the Ostrogozhsk male gymnasium. Previously, a writer studied there. During the war, the building of the gymnasium was badly damaged. In the 80s, it housed a cinema, and now the ruins of the former men's gymnasium are closed from prying eyes by large banners, - said the staff of the Ostrogozhsk Historical and Art Museum.

Ostrogozhsk Men's Gymnasium

Semyon Krivoshein graduated from the men's gymnasium at the age of 19 and a few months later voluntarily joined the Red Army.

– The revolutionaries were not ashamed of the gymnasium. After all, Lenin was also a high school student, Kardashov, who started the Soviet regime in Voronezh, was also. The gymnasium gave Semyon Moiseevich a good base, including a language one. The German General Guderian wrote in his memoirs about the Soviet officer Krivosheev, who spoke French well, said Vladimir Razmustov, a consultant for the special project, Candidate of Historical Sciences.

In the Red Army, Krivoshein was in good standing, he went through the battle path from a fighter to a squadron commander. The first years he served as a commissar of cavalry regiments. Participated in battles against the Whites near Voronezh, Bobrov, Kastorna, Liski, Rostov, in the Crimea and Moldova. After the Civil War he served in the 6th Cavalry Division. He graduated from the Frunze Military Academy, and the promising commander was appointed chief of staff of a mechanized regiment.

Krivoshein began his military career as a cavalryman, but became famous as a tanker

- The cavalryman "moved" to the tank. The problem of equipping the Red Army with the latest technology, the mechanization of its formations became more and more urgent in the 30s. Since Krivoshein had a good professional education compared to many other Soviet officers, he was assigned to solve these problems. In 1933-1934, he served in the department of mechanization and motorization of the army, then became the commander of a mechanized regiment, Vladimir Razmustov explained.

From September 1936 to March 1937, Semyon Krivoshein participated in the Spanish Civil War. He led the few tank formations of the Spanish Republic. Krivoshein was an adviser to the head of the training base, commanded a tank detachment, and took part in the defense of Madrid. In Spain, the Voronezh soldier fought under the pseudonym "Colonel Melle". For participation in hostilities in Spain, Krivoshein was awarded the Order of Lenin.

In the Spanish Civil War, the Voronezh citizen Krivoshein was known as "Colonel Melle"

In 1937, Krivoshein was awarded the rank of brigade commander (brigade commander). A year later, he was sent to the Far East as the commander of a mechanized brigade. Participated in battles with the Japanese at Lake Khasan.

After the battles at Khalkhin Gol, the undeclared war with Japan from 1938 to 1939, the famous song "Three Tankers" was written. It is still the informal anthem of the border and tank troops of the USSR and Russia. The song was first performed in 1939 in the film Tractor Drivers.

In 1939, events took place in the biography of Krivoshein, which have recently become actively discussed in different countries. A photograph of a Voronezh citizen with the German General Guderian was circulated on the Internet. They smile on it. The picture was taken in Brest.

Semyon Krivoshein (right) and Heinz Guderian (center)

- This picture was preceded by the official procedure for the transfer to the Soviet side of Brest and the Brest Fortress, located on the territory of Poland. The Germans had to leave Poland, but they wanted to do it with greater profit for themselves. The German side insisted on the solemn transfer of Brest in order to use it as a propaganda action confirming the "friendship" of the countries. Later, in his Memoirs of a Soldier, Guderian referred to this event as a "farewell parade." But in his memoirs Mezhdubure, Semyon Krivoshein says that after negotiations, the ceremony was reduced to a solemn march of German units leaving the city, - said historian Vladimir Razmustov.

The Germans agreed, but with a small reservation. Guderian asked to be present on the podium from the Soviet brigade commander during the passage of German troops through the city. It was then that the scandalous photograph of smiling Krivoshein and Guderian was taken. Historians believe that with this photograph, Germany did its best to show England and France that the USSR was its ally, while in the USSR itself they wanted to emphasize their neutrality.

- Now in various articles one can often find criticism of the Red Army, allegedly the German Nazis and Soviet Communists were marching along Brest as a single march. This is not true! The German propaganda service took many pictures that day, but not a single photo shows the passage of Red Army troops in front of the stands. And all because the Soviet soldiers did not participate in the march, - explained Vladimir Razmustov. - Not much time passed, and in 1941 the soldiers under the command of Krivoshein defeated the headquarters of Guderian's tank group near the city of Propoisk. He himself, however, then ran away. And in 1944, Semyon Moiseevich returned to Brest again - with his fighters he liberated the city from the German invaders.

Semyon Krivoshein participated in the Great Patriotic War from the first days

Semyon Krivoshein was on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War from the first days. He began to fight as the commander of the 25th Mechanized Corps, which fought against the Nazi invaders as part of the 21st Army on the Western, Central and Bryansk fronts. Krivoshein participated in the Smolensk defensive battle near the cities of Rogachev, Zhlobin, Gomel. Semyon Krivoshein was known as a good commander, so in the fall of 1941 he was recalled to the rear to be responsible for the combat training of armored forces.

Krivoshein returned to the front in 1943, led the third mechanized corps. In August 1943, Semyon Krivoshein was promoted to lieutenant general. From February 7, 1943 to February 9, 1944 he fought on the Voronezh and 1st Ukrainian fronts. Participated in the Battle of Kursk, Belgorod-Kharkov, Zhytomyr-Berdichev offensive operations. In one of the battles he was seriously wounded.

- In 1944, after treatment, General Krivosheev returned to duty. From February 10, 1944 until the end of the war he commanded the 1st Mechanized Corps of the 2nd Guards Tank Army. He fought on the 1st Ukrainian and 1st Belorussian fronts, liberated Belarus. Only from June 25 to August 25, 1944, Krivoshein's tankers passed 950 km with attacks, freeing 1.2 thousand settlements on their own and in cooperation with other troops. The peak of Krivoshein's military career was the capture of Berlin, for which he received the title of Hero of the USSR, - said historian Vladimir Razmustov.

The order to award Semyon Krivosheev the title of Hero of the USSR was signed on May 29, 1945

“The Nazis defend themselves with stubbornness. All streets are crossed by barricades, littered with boulders. In essence, there are no squares or public gardens - trenches, dugouts, firing positions of infantry, artillery and tanks are everywhere. Huge puffs of black smoke rise and hang over Berlin. The city is burning... Slowly our troops are freeing house by house, street by street: they are penetrating deeper and deeper into the center of Hitler's lair. On the site of my corps, the battle reached its highest tension. The fascists put up especially strong resistance to the 35th mechanized brigade. Soldier's talents unfolded in full breadth: dexterity, courage, fearlessness and resourcefulness. One of the houses, where the walls are more than a meter thick, began to take possession from the basement. Then they fought for the stairwell of the first floor, for every room in it. To get from one room to another, heavy checkers were used. They punched holes in the thick room walls. The soldiers skillfully used every ledge of the stove and fireplaces for shelter.

From the book of Lieutenant General Semyon Krivoshein "Soldiers of Victory"

November 28, 1899 - September 16, 1978

Soviet military leader, lieutenant general of tank troops, Hero of the Soviet Union

Biography